Winter 1997 State of the Association Vol. 12, No.1

working hard along with our Section Chairs for Secretary-Treasurer, Vicki Ebbeck and to develop a stimulating academic and Jim Whelan: for Health Psychology Chair. professional development program. We are Prances Flint and Carole Oglesby: and for again anticipating that you are submitting Student Representative, Bob Harmison and your best and finest research papers. Thad Leffingwell. These individuals are symposia, and colloquia to be presented at vying for critical leadership roles in the the conference, We hope that you are organization, but as members you occupy passionately collaborating. with colleagues, an even bigger leadership responsibility ­ students, and individuals representing voting who your future leaders will be. varying perspectives of the field when submitting programs and ideas. Remember I ani personally asking each and every Gathering MoMentum For AAASP 1997 10 share with any Executive Board member one of you to exercise your right and any insigIl1S as to how we can make our responsibility to vote. In past years only My theme for the year, "passionate conferences even better than they consis. about 25% of the membership has partici­ collaboration," is focused upon our efforts tently have been in the past. paled in voting combining borh mail-in and to continue to enhance the applied sport on-site voting. There are numerous psychology know ledge base and to enhance Keynote speakers for the San Diego opportunities to vote. and it's simple, so professional development and image. program include Bruce Abernethy from there's really not a good excuse for not Indeed these efforts have been initiated and Australia (Coleman Griffith lecture). doing so. Afler reading the candidate's maintained through the "'AAASP spirit" in Richard Steadman (Health Psyehology). position statements, simply mail in the many and varied ways over the years. My Gloria Balague (Intervention/Performance). ballot 011 the back page of this newsletter hope is that we continue to garner momcn­ and Jay Co-akley (Socia! Psychology). this week, especially if you will not be tum to realize our hopes and dreams in Shelley Wiechman, our Student Rcpresen­ attending this year's conference. But Penny building the knowledge base and increasing tative on the Executive Board. is also McCullagh tells me you will all be in our professional visibility. Dialogues about working very hard 10 pull together exciting attendance. so in lieu of voting by mail you any and all issues related to the develop­ and meaningful programs.targeted for can vole right there on the beach in San ment and sustenance of the field should student members. I am also anticipating Diego. You will be handed 11 ballot and continue, but conflict resolution rather than increased visibility of Measurement. envelope when you register for the center­ connie! should ultimately prevail. As ViC Intervention. and Lifespan issues that I have cnce. The trick is to vote then and there. move forward into our 12th year as an identified as areas needing our added because despite 634 attendees at the international organization that has made a attention in the coming years to enter the Williamsburg conference v.'e still had a low significant impact on the field, let's keep in next millennium. return rete. So do it now: read the candi­ mind the importance of passionate dates' starcmenrs. decide who to vote for. collaboration, .. an appropriate and timely We have added two new services to and vote) Send all your ballots to Len means of achieving our common goals as facilitate conference and program manage­ Zaichkcwsky. President-Elect, Boston SPOlt psychologists. ment. areas that have traditionally required University, 605 Commonwealth Avenue, enormous amounts of time on the purl of Boston. MA 02215. LeaderibjpJ)LAAA.s.PJYl~mbers. executive board members. First, as John We are pleased to present to you in this Salmela outlined in the Fall 1996 newslct­ .C onf'eC~!l£Ll",)-PJJll.~ newsletter issue the lineup of quality tel'. we reformatted the submission forms Penny McCullagb, Past-President. is candidates who generously agreed to run for for conference papers so that entries can be responsible for this year's conference office. Candidates for president-elect coded for various areas (e.g., section, program in San Diego. She has been include Bonnie Berger and Robin Vcalcy: Maureen Weiss, Continued on Page 20.

AAASP Winter 1997 ~ Vol. 12, Number 1 1997 AAASP Structure AAASP Newsletter Staff President-Elect President Past President LeonardZaichkowsky Maureen Weiss PennyMcCullagh Publications Director Dale Pease PUblications Director secretary-Treasurer Student Representative Universityof Houston Da/ePease Vikki Krane Shelley Wiechman Associate Editors Interventlon!Performance Eileen Udry Health Psychology Enhancement Social Psychology Universityof Oregon John Hail John Salmela Bob Brustad Deborah Rhea Iowa State University JntemntinolPerformance Health Pm:hnlogy Enb,q....ment Social Psychology James Whelan John Heit, Chair John Salmela, Chair Bob Brustad, Chair University ofMemphis Gloria Balague Damon Burton Sally White Bob McGowan Deidre Connelly Cindy Pemberton Technical Editors WesleySime Jim Taylor Mary Fry Astrid Williams Beryl Bailey Katie Kilty Natalie Durand-Bush Judy Van Raalte Universityof Houston Aynsley Smith Tracy Shaw Alan Smith

Continuing Education Certifi<;atinn Review Certified Consultants Laura Finch, Chair Bonnie Berger, Chair Rich Gordin, Chair Jeff Martin Peg Richardson Craig Wrisberg Journal of Applied Sport Greg Dale Jean Williams Bill Thierfelder Psychology Editor Gloria Solomon Kate Hays Betty Kelley Albert Carron Christy Greenleaf Trent Petrie MaryAnn Kane Ralph vemacchia Associate Editors Jim Taylor Diversity Ethics Qrg8nizationfQutwcb AI Petitpas Emily Claspell, Chair Andy Meyers, Co-chair Linda Petlichknff, Chair Diane Gill Jane Henderson Dan Gould, Co-chair Larry Alford Kevin Spink Kelly Crace Edward Etz.el Heather Barber Gil Smith Kirsten Peterson Laura Kenow Elinor Smith James Whelan Tom Hanson Jane Miner Thad Leffingwell From the Publications NCAA Concerns Development International Relations Director Craig Wrisberg,Chair Karen Cogan, Chair Gloria Bolague, Chair Charlie Hardy Diane Gill JoanDuda Just a Reminder - Keith Henschen Sean McCann Glyn Roberts Rick McGuire Jerry Larson Susan Jackson Ifyou have not received Ron Smith John Noble Mi-Sook Kim AAASP newsletters and other mailouts, Jean Williams Susan Walter please check with Vikki Krane, David Yukeisan Secretary. Treasurer at Bowling Maison with l1SQC past President's Council Bob Singer (APA Liaison) Green State University. Her office Jean Williams Penny McCullagh. Chair JohnSiIva has the membership records including Bob Weinberg current addresses. ThePublications Larry Brawley Office does not have this information. Charles Hardy For mail outs, the mailing labels are Tara Scanlan provided by the Secretary-Treasurer's Ron Smith office. Checking with VikJd's officefirst Daniel Gould will save time andfrustration for all Michael Sachs ofus. Jean Williams TIumks, Dale Pease

2 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 Journal ofApplied Sport Psychology Editorial Staff

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I

LtoR: At Petupas, Associate Editorfor Clinical/Counseling Jim Taylor, Associate Editorfor Performance Enhancement Albert Carron, Editor Kevin Spink, Associate EdiJor for Health Psychology Diane Gill, Associate Editorfor Social Psychology

The lQurnal ofApplied Sport Psychology is the officialpublication ofthe Associati-On for the Advancement ofAppliedSport PsycJw/ogy

"Let's Go Surfing" AAASP Conference in San Diego September- 24-28, 1997

Major Speakers:

Coleman Grffftrh Lecture: Dr-, Bruce Abernethy University of" Queensland Australia

Health Psychology: Dr. Richard Steadman Steadman Hawkins Clinic Vail, Colorado

InterventionfPerforlllan(.~e Dr. Gloria Balague Enhancement: University of Chicago

Soctal Psychology: Dr..Jay Coakley University of Colorado at Colorado Springs

Conference Coordinator: Dr. Penny McCullagh, University ofColorado at Boulder You can find out more information. about th.e Conference on the Web http://spot.colorado.edul-aaaspl

AAASP Winter 1997 ~ Vol. 12, Number 1 3 Executive Board Nmninations President-Elect

Bonnie Berger Robin S. Vealey

Biography Biography

Bonnie G. Berger is Associate Dean in the College of Health Dr. Robin S. vealey is Associate Professor in the Department Sciences and a Professor in the School of Physical and Health Educa­ of Physical Education. Health, and Sport Studies at Miami Univer­ tion at the University of Wyoming. Her research focuses on physical sity. Dr. Vealey has published one book and over 25 journal activity and quality oflife as indicated by mood enhancement stress articles and book chapters, and has presented over 90 professional reduction, enjoyment of exercise. andparticipation in high-risk sports. lectures nationally as well as internationally in the areas of self­ She has written I book (Fr~~,Weight1i..for Women, Simon & Schuster), confidence, competitive anxiety, coaching effectiveness. and mental 42 refereed articles, 10 book chapters, and presently is co..authoring a training in sport. Dr. vealey has worked as a consultant for the textbook on exercise psychology. Dr. Berger has given more than 80 U.S. Nordic Ski Team, U.S. Field Hockey, various elite level presentations at national and international conferences (including 25 golfers, and athletes and teams at Miami University and the greater at AAASP) as well as applied presentations in business and industry. Cincinnati area. Within AAASP. she has SL'TVe-d as Secretary­ She also has written about her research in popular magazines and has Treasurer, Newsletter Associate Editor. International Relations made numerous TV appearances including the David Letterman Committee Chair, Ethics Corruniuee and Social Psychology Show. Committee member, and is an AAASP Fellow and Certified Bonnie is a Charter Member of AAASP. aFellow. and a Certified Consultant. Dr. vealcy has served as Editor of the The Sport Consultant. AAASP committees on which Bonnie has served include D-y~JlQJQZj,Sl, is a National Instructor for the American Sport the Health Psychology Committee (1985- J(88). Chair of the Health Education Program, and received the 1995 Australian Sport Psychology Committee (1988-1990, Ethics Committee (I 992-! 994), Psychology Award. and Certification Committee (1994---l 996). Currently, she is Chair of the Certification Committee. Dr. Berger also is a member of the Position Statement editorial board for The SDon _P~ychologiS! and has made numerous contributions to other professional organizations. Recently, she has served on the Program and Membership Committees of the American Upon accepting the. nomination by the Executive Board as a Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education; AAHPERD~ and candidate for President-elect of AAASP, I felt great excitement Division 47 of the American Psychological Association. followed by an acute psychophysiological anxiety attack (reversal Bonnie received a B.5. degree from Wittenberg University, and theory in action). The excitement comes from anticipating the her Iv1.l\. and Ed.D. degrees from ColumbiaUniversity. She has taught opportunity for effecrancc - to be in a position to influence the at the junior high school level. the State University of New York at growth and development of such it dynamic and significant organi­ Geneseo: Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; and Brooklyn zation as AAASP. The opportunity for effcctance was a primary College ofthe City University of New York. During fall semesters in lure for seeking a career in the young field of sport psychology that 1989 and in 1990, Dr. Berger was Visiting Fellow in the Department has such important implications for society. I still feel that way, ofHuman Movement Studies, University of Western Australia, Penh, now more than ever, which is where the anxiety comes in! Al­ Western Australia. though I am proud and honored 10stand for this election, I am also keenly aware of the responsibility of the office. In one decade, Position Statement AAASP has become the premier organization representing the field of sport psychology in terms of research and scholarship, profes­ AAASP is an organization that is dear to my heart; I believe in sional issues in the development of the field, and the provision of its goals and value the members! Thus it truly is a pleasure and an psychological services in sport and exercise senings. honor to be nominated for the position of President. As a Charter AAASP is an exciting, energetic, action-oriented organization. member, a Fellow. and a Certified Consultant of AAASI\ I have a A look at our number of standing committees is staggering (IS plus broad perspective on the organization's evolution and the issues the newsletter and journal staff) but I believe this engagement by so that it is confronting. I feel that I have made significant contribu­ many members (approximately 90 in these leadership positions) is a tions to various AAASP committees and would be honored to primary fuel for the AAASP spirit as it fadlitates a sense of Bunnie Berger. Connnuec 01.1 Page 20. Robin Vealey, Continued on page 21

4 AAASP WInter 1997· Vol. 12. Number 1 i.'======H==e=a=l=th Psychology ~

Frances Flint Carole Oglesby Biography Biography

Dr- Frances Flint has been a faculty member in the School of Carole Oglesby is a professor and former Chair of Physical Physical Education at York University in Toronto, Canada since Education ar Temple University. She completed a B.S., M.S. and 1977. Dr. Flint attended the University of Oregon where she Ph.D. in Physical Education and is completing a Ph,D, in received both her M.s. (1973) and Ph.D. (1991) degrees in social Counseling Psychology. She is a Fellow and Certified Consultant psychology of sport and.sports medicine. Her research was an within AAASP and has. following a year internship at VA hospital, integration of both areas and focused on the psychology of the Coatesville, Pa., received Level J and 1I certification in Eve injured athlete. In 199J, Dr. Flint's research was recoamzed with Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), in cauma the AAASP Dissertation Award and NASPE omstanding Di5SCl111­ treatment. lion Award While at the University of Oregon, Frances became a In service to applied sport psychology, Oglesby has been chair Certified Athletic Trainer (NATA) and recently, was certified as an of the AAASP Certification Committee. chair of the Diversitv Athletic Therapist with the Canadian Athletic Therapists" Associa­ Committee. member of the Social Psychology Steering ComJ;littec, ucn member of the USOC SPOlt Psychology Advisory Committee, and Prior to returning to Oregon for her PhD., Frances had was president of the NASPE Sport Psychology Academy in 1979­ coached varsity women's basketball at York Universitv for 9 veal'S 80. She has been a frequent and consistent presenter at AAASP and was granted the Canadian Women's Basketball C~aehes'­ conferences in programs ofall three sections of the Association. Association Award for her contribution to the development of Dr. Oglesby's principle scholarly contributions have been in the basketball in Canada. In addition to her coaching, Dr. Flint is a application of identity theory in sport, with special focus on gender, course conductor in the National Coaching Certification Program racial and sexual preference aspects of identity. She has authored and has worked with the Canadian Olympic Association at various or co-authored eight books or monographs and over 40 chapters or Pan American Games and at the Barcelona Olympics. articles. Recently, she was co-author of the mental health section Currently, Dr. Flint is the Coordinator of the Sport Therapy of a President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sport Policy report, Certificate Program in the Kinesiology and Health Science program -Pl!Y5ical Activitv and Adolescent FgnlillQ,'i, at York University. She has been a reviewer for the JASP, J5_6P. and Research Ouartedy and has served on the Editorial Board for Position Statement the k!.lJrnaJ of Sport Rehabilitation with a new appointment to the Editorial Board of the JournA! of Athletic Iraininz, Ihc Health Section of AAASP has a history. equally as long as the Association itself, of advancing this important aspect of applied Position Statement sporr psychology. The former chairs and leaders of this section are to be congratulated for the balance they have brought to om work: For an organization as young as AAASP, tremendous advances making it clear it is not only the "Olympian" for who sport is have been made in the name of sport psychology due primarily to important but also for the "athlete-who-lives-within" each of us. at the consummate commitment and creativity of the AAASP cxecu­ our own level. The Health Section focus, l believe, seeks to live and the association membership. Because of this, and for other maintain and enhance both the heelrh of top-level, maximally reasons thar I will elucidate later, l was honored and thrilled to be trained athlete and that of the genera! population, so often reluctant nominated for the position of health psychology section head. My to do what is necessary to gain the benefits of active lifestyle. appreciation is extended to those who were supportive of this These are the dual goals which provide "Northstar" guidelines for nomination and should my election be confirmed, I shall work hard Health Section Leadership. In more specific terms, the tasks of the to justify that support section chair should be carried out to move the Association ever Although I a neophyte in the Ar\ASP organization structure, I closer to our northstar destination. must admit that I can only consider myself young 'at heart' since I Task 1 Enhance body of knowledge have been teaching for over 19 years. Up until the completion of The chair facilitates the process of building this content area of applied sport psychology. Building quality presentations. from

Frances FUm. Continued on Page 21 Carole Ogled}")', Continued on Page 22.

AAASP Winter 1997 . Vol. 12, Number 1 5 Secretary-Treasurer

Vicki Ebbeck James Whelan Biography Biography

Dr. Vicki Ebbeck received her Diploma in Teaching and James P. Whelan (Memphis State University, 1989) is an Bachelor of Education degrees in Physical Education from Associate Professor at the University of Memphis and the Director Australian institutions. She taught for four years at a high school in of the University's Psychological Training Clinic. He also main­ Sydney, Australia, before moving to the States. After completing tains a small practice in both sport and clinical psychology. He has both her master's and doctoral degrees at the University of Oregon, oyer 25 publications and over 50 preseutetions (including papers at she was appointed to a faculty position at Oregon State University nine AAASP conferences). His sport psychology interests include where she now serves as an Associate Professor in the Department psychological interventions for sport performance and ethical of Exercise and Sport Science. issues. His clinical publications include outcome evaluations and Dr. Ebbeck's primary research interest is the investigation of professional issues. As an AAASP member, Jim has twice served self-concept development across the lifespan. She has presented at as Associate Newsletter Editor and he continues as a long-standing a variety of international and national conferences including Ethics Committee member. Jim was program chair for two years AAASP, AAHPERD, APA, NASPSPA, and SBM, as well as for APA Division 47. He chaired a Tennessee Task Force on published articles in journals such as IJSP, JASP. JSEP, RQES. and Sexual Misconduct by Mental Health Professionals, is a member of TSP. Dr. Ebbeck is on the Editorial Board of The Sport the State Psychology Ethics Committe-e and has served as Secre­ Psychologist. and was the recipient, along with her co-authors, of rary/Treasurer for the Tennessee Psychological Association (TPA). the Research Writing Award presented 101993 and 1996 by the Jim was recently named TPA's Young Psychologist of the Year. Research Consortium of AAHPERD. Position Statement Position Statement AAASP has established itself as the lead organization in the I appreciate being nominated for the position in AAASP of promotion and the professionalization of Applied Sport Psycbol­ Secretary-Treasurer. I agreed to run for the position only after ogy. Our organization has successfully tackled some of the most careful consideration of the inherent responsibilities. First, 1 difficult issues and have accomplished a number of important goals contacted the current Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. Vjkki Krane. in order Most impressively, we have realized these accomplishments while to get an accurate assessment of the type and amount of work that maintaining a commitment to integrity and competence, and a would be involved if I were elected. I very quickly realized that a balanced Concern for the profession and those served by the considerable commitment would be necessary in order to profession. Such accompltshmenrs make me proud to be a member effectively do the job. I next consulted with my department chair to of AAASP and am honored to be normnareo for Secretary/Treasure get a sense of whether engaging in a service activity to such an of such a worthy organization. I look forward to the possibility of extent would be a prudent or perilous move in terms of my serving this organization in a more substantive way as Secretary! professional development. We discussed the pros and coo'>of Treasurer. assuming such a position, bur the defining point identified by my My experience as Secretary/Treasurer with the Tennessee department chair was whether I was sufficiently invested in rhis Psychological Association has taught me that the organization organization to accept a leadership role. I do care about. AAASP membership needs these two functions to be completed with and have actively participated in the association by presenting at competence and integrity. I have learned that it is the secretary's AAASP conferences, securing AAASP gran! moneys, and duties to quietly insure efficient and accurate communication withir publishing in the AAASP journal. 1consequently decided that I the board and between the board and its members. It is the should be prepared to offer my services given how important treasurer's duty to keep financial records. which means knowing AAASP has been to me as a professional. where the money is as well as guiding how it should and should not I will admit to a few shortcomings with regard to my be spent It is also the treasurer's duty to firmly ask the board about qualifications to be Secretary-Treasurer. I do not type nor have I expenditures as well as provide the board with the information ever kept a balance of my personal checking account. I have needed to make a decision. 1 accepted this nomination because Vicki Ebbeck. Continued on Page 23. Lames li/hetan, Continued on Page 24.

6 AAASP Winter 1991 w Vol. 12, Number 1 Thad Leffingwell Bob Harmison Biography Biography

Thad received a RA. from Southwestern College in Kansas in Bob Harmison received his B.A, in psychology in 1992 and 1992. While at Southwestern, Thad played on the varsity golf M.S. in exercise science in 1994 hom the University of Arizona. team. Under Dr. Jean Williams' direction, he completed his thesis on Thad earned an M.S. in Exercise and Sport Sciences from the EEG activity during imagery. While there, he provided mental University of Arizona in 1995, under the direction of Dr. Jean training to Uof'A athletes, assisted in the development of an Williams. Thad was a teaching assistant and taught courses in internship program, and coached a middle school baseball team. stress management and applied sport psychology. He also partici­ Currently. Bob is in the Counseling Psychology doctoral pated in the development of the BEST program and was a consult­ program at the University of North Texas studying under Drs. Trent ant to the diving and women's tennis and volleyball teams. Thad Petrie, Karen Cogan, and Peggy Richardson. His research focuses co-authored a chapter with Dr. Williams that appears in the new on effective consultant characteristics, He teaches P.E. and text Explorin" SPQl1 and Exercise Psychologv. personal effectiveness classes and has provided mental training to Thad is currently ill bis second year of the clinical psychology two LJNTteams, He contributes to a master's sports newsletter and doctoral program at the University of Washington, working with is on the Publications and Membership Committee of Division 47. Drs. Ron Smith and Frank Smoll. Thad is a consultant with Husky Bob have served as an AAASP regional student representative SPOl1 Psychology Services, He is a staff instructor with Nike for the lasr two years, co-organizing the South Central region's first Junior Golf Camps in the summer. student conference. He has made presentations at AAASP and has Thad has been an AAASP regional representative since their two articles submitted for publication. inception and has coordinated the development of two regional student conferences, He also currently serves on the AAASP Position Statement Organizational Outreach and Education Committee. Thad has attended four AAASP conferences and presented five times, It is indeed an honor to be nominated for AAASP Student Representative, and I want to express my gratitude to those who Position Statement have taken their time to mentor and advise me. AAASP and the field of sport psychology are at crucial junctions in their I attended my first AAASP conference in 1992. I remember development. and I am excited to have the opportunity to lead each leaving that conference with a tremendous feeling of excitement down its respective path. Above all, I contend that we need to about the field and a commitment that it was the profession for me. concentrate on developing the skills and competencies necessary to I was energized by the possibilities for the growth of the profession achieve success in our chosen profession. With this in mind, the and the opportunity to participate in tackling important issues in the student representative can best serve the student members by professional development of a field seemingly on the brink of (or in focusing on our personal and professional development the midst 00 explosive growth. It is with this same excitement. commitment. and energy that I accepted the nomination for Student Personal Development, Representative. Proper training is crucial for the advancement of the field. Since my first conference in 1992, I have enjoyed communicat­ Due 10 my training in both the SpOIl and psychological sciences. I ing with many, many sport and exercise psychology students at have become sensitive [0 the issues faced by those trained in either AAASP conferences, regional conferences. and over the area and am committed to representing all of us. My research )e,:lds SPORTPSY internet bulletin board. I see four issues of primary me [0 believe that to be effective consultants we must possess importance to sport and exercise psychology students: (I} growth certain characteristics and qualities, Thus, I would promote of the job market, (2) graduate training, (3) scientific development. workshops at future conferences that focus on developing personal and (4) communication. Although I see these issues "L'} interacting characteristics such as interpersonal skills, communication abilities. and interdependent. 1 would like to address each of these issues and sensitivity to diversity issues. separately. It is imperative that we re-cognize the valuable resources Jobs. Most but not all, would agree that the interest in around us-namely ourselves! We must. realize that we can Thad Leffingwell Continued on Page 24. Bob Harmison. Continued on page 24,

AAA$P Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 7 SL'Lll()ll .uul ('()I11I11lttL'L' RL'!1()[\ -, ,

£nterventionnPerfornnance Social Psychology Committee Enhancement Committee Health Psychology Bob Brustad John Salmela JohnHeil

A primary goal of our committee is to Keynote sneaker report Members of the Health Psychology maximize opportunities for integration and Since our wildly successful meeting in Committee are looking forward to receiving collaboration with the Intervention! Williamsburg and the great reaction to Cal your submissions for yet another quality Performance Enhancement and Health Botterill's presentation, the pressure was on conference program, even as preliminary Psychology sections, As a developing to find someone who could also stir the conference planning activities are under organization, we need to develop a strong juices ofthe audience. In addition, it was way. Dr. Aynsley Smith of the Mayo Clinic spirit of integration and to avoid the wishes of the IIPE Committee to have has been added as a professional member of fragmentation. Consequently, we strongly our first ever woman present as a keynote in the committee, and Natalie Durand-Bush of encourage members to submit symposia and this program section. After collecting Ottawa joins us for a one year term as colloquia that reflect a cross-sectional focus nominations from AAASP members, a list student member. for the 1997 conference. was provided to the committee with five This year's Health Psychology keynote The Social Psychology Committee is possible candidates. The committee almost will be presented by Dr. Richard Steadman greatly indebted to Neil Widmeyer for his unanimously nominated Dr. Gloria Balague of the Steadman-Hawkins Clinic of Vail, outstanding leadership over the past three from the University of Chicago. Colorado. Dr. Steadman has distinguished years. Neil, a million thanks for your work! Gloria has served well both the ISP and himself as a sports medicine physician by Sally White, Cindy Pemberton, and Judy AAASP for a number of years. But she has innovations in surgery and rehabilitation. Van Raalte continue to serve on the Social also been working with the United States However, he also brings the unique Psychology Committee and we welcome Track and Field Federation for close to a psychological mindedness to injury two new members: Mary Walling Fry from decade. She wishes to share some of the rehabilitation. This is best reflected in the the University of Memphis and Alan Smith, unresolved issues and questions that have comments of World Cup skier Christian our new student member from the been raised over the years, which are not Cooper who states: "...arriving on his University of Oregon. normally part of the training curriculum in doorstep as a scared and impatient 16 year We are eagerly anticipating next year's the field. old with a badly broken ankle. I expected conference in San Diego. I believe that we Program adjudicatjon report surgery and ended up ... learning things will surpass last year's number of I have had a number of individuals ask from Steadman that went beyond the submissions and our program will be me about how contributions are assessed for operating room--about ourselves, our extremely strong. As a former resident of the annual AAASP program. As you may injuries, and our sport ... Steadman creates a San Diego, I can guarantee members that be aware, last year, a significant number of psychological profile and determines ... the you will find our conference site and nearby contributions were either rejected by the exact ratio between surgery and exercise, attractions to be superb, Plan to spend an committee or changed in their format, e.g., inspiration and rehab..." extra couple of days in the area so you can from a colloqium to a lecture. How then is See you in San Diego!! appreciate all that San Diego has to offer. this process carried out? First of all, after Dr. Jay Coakley, of the University of all contributions are sent before March 1 to Colorado at Colorado Springs, will be the the Senior Program Chair, this year to John Social Psychology keynote speaker. Heil, he will have them entered from their Although Jay is a sociologist, most of our disk into AAASP Wizard, a data base members are familiar with Jay's work in the designed by Wade Gilbert of the University Spring Executive Board areas of athlete burnout, retirement issues, ofOttawa. Each program Chair will receive Meeting and the influence of organized sport upon their specific contributions, along with files children's social and psychological for the interdisciplinary and professional April 23-27, 1997 development. Jay's talk will be highly issues. San Diego, CA relevant to all sections of AAASP and Each Program Chair then sends should provide a fresh perspective on many abstracts to their respective committee psychological issues in our field, members for blind review. The Check with Board members or contributions are individually rated with a Committee Chairs concerning mark out of 10, as well as with comments whether it is the appropriate presentation agenda items.

John Salmela, Continuedon Page 25.

8 AAASPWlnter 1997· Vol. 12, Number 1 SL.LIH)ll dll(l ( ()I11I11lllL'L' I

Organization and Outreach and Education Committee Certified Consultants Student Representative Report Committee Shelley Wiechman Larry Alford Richard Gordin

I would like to update you on some Alas, the Outreach Cormuittee has been The newly established Certified important AAASP information. First, we so busy reaching out that we have neglected Consultants Committee has been at work have some changes and additions regarding to update the membership since the Fall for the past three months on several the regional representatives. Mitch 1995 Newsletter. Has anyone missed us? projects. We are pursuing the possibility of Campbell is the new representative for OR, Following Dave Yukelson's resignation providing insurance coverage from several ID. Matt Johnson is assisting Stephen Page as committee chair in late 1995, President companies and procuring bids for this for the KY, MO, TN, AR region. Heidi Paa Penny McCulllagh appointed Linda coverage. Also, Craig Wrisberg has written and Greg Ryan are the new representatives Petlichkoff to head the Outreach delegation. to Stephen Mallonee of NCAA to provide a for WY, KS, NE, ND, SO, and Jack Watson The reconstituted committee includes Thad proposal that would explain and govern the and Iris Orbach will be covering the FL, Leffingwell, Laura Kenow, Tom Hanson, provision of sport psychology services for GA, AL, MS region. Internationally, we Heather Barber, Jane Miner, and Larry NCAA athletes and coaches. Craig has have Jeremy Dugdale representing New Alford. The new group was immediately been working on this project for at least two Zealand, Daniel Hadjiandreou representing charged with two tasks: I) Revise and years with the help of Penny McCullagh South Africa, and Tim Aldridge and Andrea publish the brochure initially developed by and Bob Singer. We hope for a resolution Lamont-Mills representing Western Len Zaichkowsky in 1991, on AAASP CC to this issue very soon. Bill Thiefelder is in Australia and Eastern Australia respec­ certification; and, 2) develop a new the process of providing our committee with tively. Thank you for volunteering and brochure to satisfy the consumer's need for a strategic plan. We will then present this welcome! Also thanks to the regional information on the field of sport proposed plan to the EB in time for the representatives who have been working psychology. Spring Board Meeting in San Diego. We hard. There are several regional confer­ The certification brochure was are also working on providing additional ences being planned for the winter and completed in the Spring of 1996 after promotion ofCGs on our AAASP Web spring. You can contact me for the confer­ surviving several reviews and revisions. page. We have received a proposal to ence nearest you. The brochure entitled "What is sport provide this service and the President and I have been busy planning the student psychology?" proved to be more Past-President are deliberating about this sessions for the AAASP- Conference in San challenging as it produced considerable project. The committee solicits input from Diego. The student sessions are going to be discussions and hair-pulling among the the eGs of AAASP as well as suggestions geared toward "things you don't learn in committee membership. The challenge was from the general membership of AAASP. class .." So far, we have a session on the amplified by our chairperson's flitting off on Please contact me directly if you have journal review process and publications, a sabbatical in the Fall of 1996. Linda had a further suggestions for the committee. Rich panel of respected sport psychology great time in England and New Zealand Gordin at (801) 797-1506 or consultants who will be talking about the while the rest of us continued to toil. Larry [email protected] mistakes they have made in consulting and Alford served as interim chair. While e­ lessons they have learned, and a panel on mail served us well in our discussions, our Larry Alford, Continued From Previous Column. the business aspects of consulting in private (only) face-to face meeting in Williamsburg contributions to the development of these practice. You can also look forward to the was extremely productive. We resolved to AAASP publications. A re-read of Dave student meeting, a regional representative have our draft reviewed by potential Yukelson's final committee report the meeting, and of course, the student social! consumers ofour services in the public in Fall of 1995 Newsletter suggests that one So start planning now for an exciting domain. These reviewers included both result of the Outreach committee having conference in San Diego. persons involved in sport (athletes, coaches, taken on these consuming literary chores I wanted to say a couple of words to and administrators) and persons without has been a fundamental shift offocus. those of you looking for a graduate pro­ direct ties to organized sport. This was a During Yuke's tenure the charter for this gram. First, thanks to all of you who have very valuable process. As of mid-January group involved establishing a dialogue and voiced your opinions regarding the issue of 1997, the content of "What is ...." brochure liaison with the NCAA that would open accreditation. President Weiss' letter in the is 99% complete. It must now be set into previous newsletter explains where the the proper "brochure" format and can then doors for AAASP members to practice organization is on accreditation. The be printed. All of the members of the within NCAA athletic departments without compromising compliance for the quality ofgraduate training is an Outreach committee are to be applauded and complimented for their efforts and employing institutions. During our Shelley Wiechman., Continued on Page 25. preoccupation with brochure production, Larry Alford, Continued next Column. Larry Alford, Continued on Page 25.

AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 9 Dorothy V. Harris Memorial Award AAASP Presentation Judy L. Van Raalte Springfield College Development Committee Karen Cogan Working Relationships in Sport Psychology

The Development Committee needs I am honored to have been selected as In college. I served on the research your assistance! We want to offer AAA$P the recipient of the Dorothy V. Harris team of Dr. B.l. Fehr and learned about members the best training possible. and we Memorial Award and to follow in the the possibility of combining my interests need funding to do so. At the Williamsburg footsteps of an illustrious group of in sport and psychology in one field. I conference, we launched our most recent previous award winners (Diane Wiese­ entered graduate school at Arizona State fundraiser (to which we encourage you to Bjornstal, Mark Andersen, and Villi University to study with Dr. Darwyn E. contribute): Krane). I am grateful to Dr. Albert J. Linder and pursue these interests. Darwyn Petitpas for nominating me. It has been a served as my mentor, Dr. Mark B. pleasure to work for and with AI; he has Andersen supervised most of my applied THE ANNUAL FUND taught me a lot about negotiation, delega­ sport psychology work with athletes and tion, and forming relationships. teams. It was Mark's focus on the We are asking AAA$P members (or development ofappropriate athlete-sport anyone else) to contribute tax deductible History psychologist relationships and his donations to AAASP for the purposes of thoughtful brand of supervision that led to funding training programs in sport and/or It is a fascination with relationships, our research in this area. exercise psychology for students and connections or associations between professionals. Initially, we would like to things. that has guided my experiences in As a member ofjhe Psychology offer travel awards for students so that they sport and exercise psychology. This Department at Springfield College, the can more easily attend the conference. As interest in relationships began with my importance of relationships became clear the fund grows, we would like to fund pre­ involvement in youth sport. During one of soon after I was hired. My colleagues had and/or post-doctoral internship training my first tennis tournaments, I hit a drop begun work exploring the role of psycho­ experiences. So show your support for shot and my opponent fell and skinned her logical factors in recovery from athletic these worthwhile training opportunities by knee trying to get to the ball. Coaches and injury. About that time I suffered my first sending your contribution today! Please parents came running from all directions. I athletic injury, tearing my anterior note in your correspondence that the remember feeling guilty about causing my cruciate ligament (ACL). It was my up donation is for the Annual Fund. Contribu­ opponent such pain, blaming myself with close and personal contact with a local tions can be made payable to AAASP and lots of negative self-talk, and attributing orthopedic surgeon that helped us to form sent to Karen Cogan (address listed below). her misfortune to my competitive tactics. a working research relationship that is Later, the match resumed and, needless to ongoing. Further, I became increasingly 1111 say, I lost. I have since begun a line of interested in research on athletic injury research exploring the effects of and was able to contribute both anecdotal In addition, we still have Amerivox attributional processes and self-talk in information about recovery from athletic phone debit cards available as a result of sport. injury and more substantively to the our first fundraiser. The Amerivox card is a projects. prepaid phone card that can save the caller In high school, as a varsity athlete, up to 50% on away-from-home long inappropriate professional relationships While at Springfield College, I also distance calls, and at the same time it caught my attention. I was coached by a have had the opportunity to serve as coach generates an income for AAASP. This is chemistry teacher who had an unofficial of the Varsity Women's Tennis team. separate from your current long distance competition with the ice hockey coach in This experience has enhanced my phone company, and you can earn free tenns of whose athletes were better understanding of the challenges of the calling time if you refer someone to the students. I was good at chemistry, but felt many relationships in coaching and has program. This is a WIN-WIN situation for my grades were affected by this competi­ broadened my understanding of the everyone. I encourage anyone who is tion. My research on ethical concerns and applied needs of all involved in the sport interested to contact me to learn more about the appropriate roles of professionals in enterprise. This fall, our team finished the the benefits of this program. You can't lose! the field ofsport and exercise psychology season 10-3 Finally, the Development Committee stems, in part, from these experiences. has drafted an informational brochure Judy Van Raalte, Contnued on Page 11.

Karen Cogan, ContinuedOn Page 25.

10 AAASP Winter 1997· Vol. 12, Number 1 1996 Dissertation Award Judy Van Raalte, Continued From Page 10. AAASP Presentation Thomas Raedeke University of Colorado at Present The way in which sport psychology is perceived depends in part on the behav­ Boulder I have developed several lines of iors of those involved in the field. Is Athlete Burnout More Than research that stem from past experiences. Quality training ofsport psychology These include explorations of the ways in practitioners strengthens the field and Just Stress? A Sport Commitment Perspective which sport attributional patterns are both improves relationships for all. This different (Van Raalte, 1994) and similar training includes providing appropriate "Burnout" is a buzzword in the athletic (Van Raalte, Brewer, & Petitpas, 1995) to supervision of sport and exercise community that has raised considerable processes that occur in other domains and psychology trainees and continuing the concern from coaches and athletes. the ways in which self-talk affects sport dialogue on ethical issues among all Despite their concerns, the empirical data performance (Van Raalte et al., 1995; Van professionals in the field. As a field, we base is sparse. Consequently, although Raalte, Brewer, Rivera, & Petitpas, 1994). are just beginning to study scientifically athlete burnout is often discussed, it is not I am currently conducting research and share information about training well understood. exploring how internal self-talk, observ­ (Petitpas, Buntrock, Van Raalte, & Most researchers concur that burnout is able self-talk, and performance are related. Brewer, 1995), supervision (Andersen & stress-related. Within the sport domain, I am also working with a graduate student Van Raalte, 1994; Andersen, Van Raalte, Schmidt and Stein (1990) and Coakley who is looking at the relationships among & Brewer, 1994), and ethics (Petitpas, (1992) have posited alternative views that selfconfidence, self-talk, and performance. Brewer, Rivera, & Van Raalte, 1994). suggest athlete burnout is more than a This line of research helps provide reaction to chronic stress. These information about the relationships Future researchers suggest that athletes are likely between cognitive factors and athletic to experience burnout if they are involved performance. The future of sport psychology is in sport for entrapment related reasons. dependent on the applied work and This occurs when athletes do not want to For sport psychologists to convey research that is conducted today. Opti­ participate but feel they have to maintain essential information to athletes, there mally, both theoretical and practical involvement. must be working relationships between concerns should inform research and Based on a theoretical commitment sport psychologists and athletes. Athletes, research should be used as a basis for perspective, Schmidt and Stein (1991) however may be hesitant to seek the applied work. Teaching should be a focus suggested that entrapment occurs when assistance ofsport psychology providers. of the field, as should continued develop­ athletes are not attracted to sport (e.g., low Studies exploring sports fans' and male ment of sport psychology organizations enjoyment, low benefits, high costs), but undergraduates' (Linder, Brewer, Van that invigorate, excite, and allow working continue to participate because of high Raalte, & Delange, 1991) perceptions of relationships to develop. investments, lack ofattractive alternatives, athletes who consult sport psychologists and high social constraints. Schmidt and have shown a derogation effect such that Conclusion Stein contrasted sport entrapment to athletes who consult sport psychologists commitment profiles representing sport are rated more negatively than athletes Research, practice, and teaching in attraction and a sport dropout. Athletes who consult their coaches. On a more sport and exercise psychology involve a attracted to sport enjoy participation and positive note, athletes do not derogate a variety of working relationships. Dorothy experience high benefits and low costs fellow athlete who consults a sport V. Harris demonstrated that in her life associated with their sport. Because they psychologist (Van Raalte, Brewer, Brewer, and work. She paved the way for women enjoy sport, they invest substantial time and & Linder, 1992). Interestingly, under­ in the field and set a high standard of energy into sport and feel that sport is more graduates (Linder et al., 1991; Van Raalte, excellence that challenges us all. I attractive than other activities. Given their Brewer, Linder, & DeLange, 1990), sport consider the Dorothy V. Harris Memorial favorable experiences, these athletes are psychologists (Van Raalte, Brewer, Award to represent two important things: unlikely burnout candidates. The dropout Brewer, & Linder, 1993), and British (a) recognition of past accomplishments profile consists of athletes who are not athletes (Van Raalte, Brewer, Matheson, & and (b) a challenge to contribute to the committed to sport. They are not attracted Brewer, 1996) all seem to share similar future. I am grateful for the recognition to sport nor are they entrapped by it. These perceptions of sport psychologists relative and I accept the challenge. athletes are likely to discontinue sport participation before burning out. to other sport and mental health profes­ Judy, Congratulations on your award!!!! sionals. Unfortunately, this shared vision From a sociological perspective, of the profession could also be due to a Coakley (1992) echoed the notion that general lack of understanding of the field. ThoTfU/S Raedeke; Continued on Page 12.

AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 11 athletes entrapped by sport are likely to viewed swim team participation favorably. identity, and perceived moderately low burnout, and he delineated two additional Their attraction to swimming was reflected social constraints. These indifferent sources of entrapment. Athletes may be by high enjoyment. high benefits, and low swimmers appeared detached or apathetic entrapped by sport because their self­ costs scores. Given their positive compared to their peers and were fairly identity is based exclusively on being an experiences, it is not surprising that they similar to the predicted dropout profile, they athlete and because they have minimal emphasized the importance 'Of swimming to did not appear highly attracted to swimming control over their sport involvement. their self-identity, reported high swim (average enjoyment, costs, and moderately These two conceptual discussions investments. and felt that swimming was low benefits) and did not exhibit entrapment provide an intriguing theoretical basis for more attractive than other activities. These characteristics. Because the sample understanding athlete burnout. However, swimmers also perceived high control over consisted ofcurrent swimmers, a profile the ideas forwarded by Schmidt and Stein their swim involvement and moderately low depicting extreme dropout characteristics and Coakley have not been tested social constraints. Athletes in this duster was not expected. empirically. Therefore, this study examined were similar to the predicted sport attraction To examine whether cluster groupings whether athletes with profiles representing profile and were labeled enthusiastic differed on the burnout dimensions and sport entrapment, sport attraction, and low swimmers. attraction-based commitment, two analyses sport commitment could beidentified based In contrast to Cluster I. Cluster 2 (n = were employed because of a strong on theoretical determinants ofcommitment 26) represented swimmers who perceived correlation (r = -.77) between attraction­ and whether athletes in each profile swimming negatively. These swimmers based commitment and swim devaluation. experienced varying levels of burnout and enjoyed swimming the least and reported MANDYA results comparing cluster groups attraction-based commitment. the lowest benefits and highest costs on burnout were significant (WiTh:'s lambda associated with swimming. They had a = .41, F(9.560) + 27.6, p < .0000 and Method relatively weak swim identity, reported low demonstrated that cluster differences Female and male adolescent competitive swim investments, and felt other activities accounted for 59% of the variance in swimmers (N = 236) representing 19 swim were more attractive than swimming. burnout scores. One-way ANDVA results clubs completed a questionnaire that These swimmers may have felt entrapped found significant differences between assessed theoretical determinants of because of relatively low perceived control cluster groups on attraction-based commitment {i.e., enjoyment, benefits, over their swim involvement and high commitment (F(3,232) = 78.1, P < .0001). costs, investments, alternative options, social constraints to maintain participation. Omega squared indicated that 50% of the social constraints, swim identity, perceived This profIle was named malcontented variance in attraction-based commitment control), burnout (i.e .• feelings of swimmers because oftheir relatively scores was explained by the cluster groups. exhaustion, swim devaluation. low personal negative outlook. Post hoc SNK comparisons (p < .05) accomplishment) and artraction-based The third profile (n = 40) also exhibited revealed that enthusiastic swimmers commitment. Measures were adapted from characteristics ofsport entrapment. These reported significantly lower burnout scores previously developed scales or created swimmers were not distinctly high or low in on all three dimensions and higher specifically for this study. All measures swimming attraction evident by average attraction-based commitmentcompared to were pilot tested and demonstrated enjoyment and benefit and moderately high other clusters. In contrast. malcontented acceptable internal consistency. cost scores. The label obligated swimmers swimmers were significantly higher on Cluster analysis was used to partition depicts this profile because these swimmers exhaustion and swim devaluation and lower swimmers into profiles based on the may have felt compelled to swim. Their on attraction-based commitment than other theoretical determinants ofcommitment. most distinguishing characteristics were low clusters. The malcontented swimmers also The emergent profiles were subsequently perceived control and high social reported. significantly higher reduced swim compared on the three burnout dimensions constraints, These swimmers also exhibited accomplishment scores compared to and attraction-based commitment using moderately strong swim identities and indifferent and enthusiastic swimmers but multivariate and univariate analysis of moderately high swim investments, which not the obligated swimmers. variance. This design addressed whether may have served as a sources ofentrapment Swimmers in the obligated and athletes with varying commitment profiles given they were not highly attracted to indifferent groups exhibited burnout and differed on burnout and attraction-based swimming. attraction-based commitment scores commitment. Cluster 4 (n = 66) included swimmers intermediate to the malcontented and who reported low to average scores on all enthusiastic clusters. Obligated swimmers Results theoretical determinants ofconunitment. reported moderately high to high burnout Cluster analysis revealed four These swimmers invested relatively little and average attraction-based commitment interpretable swimmer profiles. time and energy into swimming, viewed while indifferent swimmers had average Examination of the cluster scores revealed swimming as unimportant to their self- burnout and attraction-based commitment that swimmers in Cluster 1 (n = 104)

12 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 AAASP Contact List scores. However, these groups only differed may change depending on whether athletes Presidttll statistically on the exhaustion scale. are in the early states of burnout or Maureen Weifs Exercise and MOl'flment Scienu Dep't experiencing heightened burnout. To Um~ofOrligon Discussion address these issues, future researchers may Eugttu, OR 97403-1240 Results supported that athletes who want to adopt a repeated measure design to 541·346-4108 experience burnout may participate in sport investigate the process underlying burnout. [email protected] for different reasons than those who do not Overall, results support that a PMt Prownt bumout. Most strikingly, swimmers in the commitment perspective can contribute to PellJlY McCul/Dgh obligated and malcontented clusters understanding athlete burnout. Athletes DeptU1ment ofKinesiology, Box 354 exhibited characteristics ofentrapment in exhibiting characteristics reflecting sport Um\lersity ofColortidG Boulder, CO 80309 terms of low perceived control and high entrapment demonstrated higher levels of 303-492-8021 social constraints. The other sources of burnout and lower attraction-based mccul/[email protected] entrapment were not supported (e.g., commitment than athletes without sport alternative attractiveness) or received only entrapment characteristics. Although the Pw;idw-Ekd uonanlZakhkowsky moderate support (e.g., swim identity, emergent clusters were similar to the 605 Commonwea1Jh Avenue investments). A plausible explanation for predicted profiles, key differences surfaced &lston UniJleTSity these findings is that the relationship in certain variables which suggest &lsto,," MA 02215 between commitment detenninants and examining burnout from a commitment 617-353-3378 Sporl@blLedU bumout may depend on the level of burnout perspective is a complex phenomenon (e.g., whether athletes are in the process of requiring additional research. burning out or already experiencing high VikkiKrane burnout). Burnout involves devaluing and School ofHPER Tom, Congratu14tions on your award!!! Bowling Green StllIt Unjversity psychologically withdrawing from an Bowling GreeTl, DB 43403 activity once deemed enjoyable. As a 419-372-7233 consequence of burnout, athletes may [email protected] decrease their sport investments, devalue Htg/th Psychglggv Chgir the importance of sport to their self-identity, JoImHtH and perceive other activities as more Vote Vote Vote PYyc/wlQgy Depa7tmell1, Lewis Gak Clinic attractive than sport. Aligned with these 4910 Valley View Blvd. contentions, malcontented swimmers ROlMO/u. VA 24012 For your AAASPofficers!!!!! 540-26$-1005 reported low swim investments, had a weak swim identity, and viewed other activities 1nlqyentjplllptrfqrmLlJl£( Enlw...... ",..;nt Cbgir as more attractive than swimming. John Stlbtuu, Although this interpretation provides a President-Ekct School ofHuman Kinetks Utliversity ofOttawa tenable explanation for the malcontented Bonnie Berger Robin Vealey Ottawa, Onmrlo, KIN 6N5 swimmer profile, it does not exclude high Cmuu/. sport investments and a strong swim 613-564-9119 identity as antecedents of burnout. For Health Psychology jsalmeu,@/WttaW.ca example, obligated swimmers demonstrated Frances Flint Carole Oglesby sport entrapment characteristics, which Robert BnutaJ coupled with their moderately high burnout School ofKPE Secretary-Treasurer scores, suggest they may be in the early Utliversity ofNorthern Colarado Vicki Ebbeck Greek)', CO 8(1639 stage of burnout. Of the burnout James Whelan 97o-J51-1737 dimensions, their highest score was on [email protected] exhaustion, which numerous researchers Shuhnt Representative contend is the most prominent and first Publican?... llirrclor Oak PetUe dimension of burnout to develop. This 11uuJ LeiJfingwell Bob Harmison 133 Melder, Pep't ofRHI' tentative explanation suggests that obligated UniversUy ofHouston and malcontented swimmers may define 713-743-9838 different points on a burnout continuum. If Houston TX 77204-5331 Just lookfor the ballot on the backpage [email protected] so, the relationship between theoretical ofthis newsletter! determinants ofcommitment and burnout Shelley Wil!Ch/fUUJ 1230736th A. venue NW Stidtle WA 98125 206-685-4442 [email protected]/z.edu AAASP Winter 1997· Vol. 12, Number 1 13 1\)\1]1-( ountcrpcuu t l :-"111,!2 1) .... )clH)l()~lc<11 \" .... L'''''lllL·lll Tool-,

Eileen Udry Certainly. However, some instruments are information that is usually descriptive of Associate Editor designed for specific populations and are certain personality characteristics or University of Oregon not necessarily valid or reliable for other tendencies. Whencombined with other populations. There aretests, numerous tests, information one can gain a good assessment The use of psychometric assessments that do meet rigorous validity and reliability of an athlete's abilities (disabilities). for team selection and retention purposes standards. These instruments can and ought Philosophically, bow can sport psychology has a long and controversial history in the to be use more often. maintain that the mental component ofsport field ofsport psychology. The Athletic Can psychometric instruments predict performance is critically important, yet not Motivation Inventory (AMI), popularized in performance? Certainly. However, they are be able to assess it accurately? We can the 1960s, was one of the original of paper certainly not perfect predictors. As was assess it and in most cases fairly accurately. and pencil assessments marketed as a tool pointed out by one of our esteemed mem­ Are these assessments always accurate? that could be used to determine which bers during a recent Internet discussion on Ofcourse not, but I suggest that psychomet­ athletes would be "successful" based on this topic, test predictions are normatively ric assessments are just as accurate, if not their psychological profile. The controversy based. That is, they are based on probability. more accurate, than personal interviews and surrounding the use of paper and pencil Most practitioners are familiar with signifi­ intuition. I really advocate the use of both. assessments in this manner has continued­ cant levels (p.< .05 or p. <.01). Most There are numerous studies that suggest that as witnessed by the fact that this issue is instruments report reliability and validity observations and interviews are biased debated on the sport and exercise psychol­ information. Thus consumers can select projections of the observer/interviewer. ogy listserve and well as in classrooms and instruments that have high predictability. Do psychometric instruments have a informal settings. In this column, we One must keep in mind when using psycho­ place in sport psychology and athletics-­ continue this debate using our Point­ metric instruments that on the average five even at the professional level? Yes, if used Counterpoint forum. Specifically, the out of every 100 (for example) test results responsibly and if proper testing protocol questions at issue are: should paper and are not going to be accurate. Therefore, it are followed. Should test results be the pencil questionnaires be used for team behooves the administrator to authenticate ONLY source ofinformation used in selection and retention? what circumstances test results through an interview process. selecting or deselecting individuals for or factors are important when considering Do all Sport Psychologist/Performance certain professions including professional the use of assessments in this manner? Enhancement Consultants authenticate test athletics? Ofcourse not, but they provide Participants for this Point-Counterpoint results? Certainly NOT!! Many do, how­ valuable insights and information that can forum include Robert McGowan and ever, and they are to be commended!! save or earn a company/organization Andrew Ostrow. Robert McGowan is a Perhaps one of the reasons that some millions of dollars when used in conjunc­ professor and department chair at Univer­ practitioners fail to authenticate their results tion with other key information. It is just as sity of Richmond. McGowan worked in the is that they assume that because another probable (if not more likely) for an athlete mental health field as director of milue well know consultant uses an instrument, to be discriminated against from infonna­ therapy for seven plus years. He received then it must be "OK." A second reason may tion obtained in a personal interview than it his Ph.D. from the University of Utah in be that many practitioners are not properly is from the results of psychometric tests. It Exercise Science with a cognate in Educa­ trained in the interview process. Finally, I is my opinion that sport psychologists tion Psychology and he is a board certified suppose that there are some less than fully should and ought to be involved in the counselor. Andrew Ostrow is a professor at ethical individuals that choose to not check selection/deselection process, but only in West Virginia University where he teaches out their results. providing infonnation that may facilitate a a graduate seminar on sport psychometrics. Can the valid and reliable tests be used decision maker. I think that it is inappropri­ Ostrow recently completed editing a book to help coaches determine who is ready to ate for a sport psychologist or performance which reviews the psychometric properties compete and those who are not ready? Early enhancement specialist to recommend the of various sport and exercise psychology research and anecdotal evidence suggest inclusion or exclusion of athletes within "tests." (Directory of Psychological Tests in that some of the instruments may, indeed, professional athletics-unless, ofcourse, they the Sport and Exercise Sciences, 2nd be able to predict readiness. However, own the team. edition, 1996). remember that tests are not 100 percent Ostrow: Many years ago, when I was a McGowan: The use of psychometric accurate. Are there instruments that can young doctoral student at the University of instruments in sport psychology has been predict whether an athlete will be solid California, Berkeley, I attended a seminar in debated for decades. Some use them professional? Not really. Most tests are San Francisco given by a noted sport extensively. Some choose never to use designed to predict which athletes will psychologist. Much of the seminar was them. Those who are conversant with probably NOT be well suited for a profes­ devoted to a discussion ofa sport-specific statistics and test construction know the sional career in athletics. psychological test that had been developed rigorous standards that valid and reliable Why, then do I advocate using psycho­ by this individual and some colleagues. The instruments must fulfill. Are there tests that metric instruments as part of the team lest had been commercialized, and the do not meet these rigorous standards? selection process? Beca~se they provide Eileen Udry, Continued on Page IS.

14 AAASP Winter 1997· Vol. 12. Number 1 Eileen Udry, Continued From Page 14, materials provided for the test user indicated did not advocate that we should not use testing. Currently, I am aware of many that the test would identify key personality questionnaires for team selection/retention leaders ofour field who portray a public variables associated with successful athletic (although I have strong reservations about disdain for the testing area. To me this is a performance. At the end of the seminar, I this). Instead I have argued that we should travesty. Also, a number of programs asked for a copy of the published data not use the sport- or exercise-specific which purport to prepare future documenting the validity of the instrument. psychological "tests" I reported on in the professionals in applied sport psychology Although I did not receive this information Directory of Psychological Tests in the offer no course-work in psychological at that time, I was eventually successful in Sport and Exercise Sciences for team testing and assessment. This means that procuring data that reported on the psycho­ selection/retention. This is an important these programs' graduates are being metric properties of the instrument. distinction. deprived ofa valuable skill upon which to After reviewing the validity data, and (Note: Ifyou would like to participate in a base their future practice. To be certified as discussing this information with faculty future Point-Counterpoint forum or have an an AAASP Consultant, we require courses members at DC Berkeley, I was not idea for a topic you would like to see in a variety ofareas; but psychological convinced that the data fully supported the debated, contact Eileen Udry at (541) 346­ testing and assessment is not specifically contentions of the tests developers. Years 1046 or [email protected]). one of them (there is a choice between later, my concerns seemed to have been statistics, research design and psychological supported in the research literature that assessment). I am a little dense in a variety evaluated this instrument. Of the 314 sport­ Keith Henschen ofareas; but the rationale for requiring a or exercise-specific psychological tests I University ofUtah course in biomechanics and not review in the Directory, there is evidence psychological "testing" escapes me. The that only a handful have extensive follow­ Following a symposium on psychological point being that even our certifying national up validation support, particularly in terms assessment at the Williamsburg Conference, organization, by omission or maybe of replicative research and consensual Keith Henschen was asked to present some commission, contributes to the lack of validation. Ofcourse, many of these tests ofhis concerns related to the use of credibility for the testing and assessment are in their infancy stage of development, psychological assessment tools. area. and I have advocated for years that what is Psychological testing is not a panacea, For the last decade I have watched as needed is an organization such as AAASP nor an end in itself; rather it is a skill and the debate raged in the Association for (or perhaps a commercial publisher) to possibly a means to an end. The ability and Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology serve as a clearinghouse for the develop­ art of testing could be viewed as just (AAASP) concerning the efficacy of ment and dissemination of some of these another tool that belongs in the applied psychological assessment in applied work. instruments. The model for this approach is practitioner's toolbox. Those whoare so Having been dubiously dubbed the "tester" certainly evident in psychology. inclined and feel comfortable may use the by my applied colleagues, I now wish to Among the many issues associated with tool frequently; others may utilize it share my impressions concerning the area the use of psychological tests for athletic sparingly, but still understand the benefits of assessment. First, let me state team selection/retention is the predictive that might be realized. Exposure does not unequivocally that the following are my validity of these instruments. I believe that demand utilization, but it does require at thoughts and perceptions, and are open to the APA document regarding the ethical least a cursory understanding and argument, ridicule, or even support if the uses of psychological tests would discour­ acceptance. I personally do not use reader so desires. To me it is not a age test users from using instruments for hypnosis very often; but I appreciate its question if ps.ychological testing should be team selection/return purposes unless there presence as a possible tool and value utilized in applied sport psychology is extensive evidence that multiple forms of colleagues who have perfected its use. May settings, because the answer to that query is test validation data (including support for I suggest that the root of the controversy blatantly self-evident. Rather the questions predictive validity) can be provided. lies in the dark recesses offear? Those who should be: (a) Wlm should use Further, the criterion variable couched in are adamantly opposed to psychological psychological testing? (b) What guidelines the phrase "successful athletic perfor­ testing may be demonstrating an irrational should be adhered to? and (c) How should mance" has to be carefully operationalized fear of the unknown or they may have also such testing be appropriately and ethically prior to measurement. been convinced that testing has no value utilized? Whether highly valid psychological under any circumstance. This is an Who? tests, using in combination with a package inappropriate belief. I believe that every professional in the of other assessments should be used to .Mmt1 field of sport psychology should have at select or eliminate athletes from teams, is an The most obvious answer here would be least one course in psychological testing interesting question, and for me, raises a to strictly adhere to the guidelines published and assessment. Whether said professionals number ofethical and legal issues. How­ by the American Psychological Association decide to use testing or not in their practice ever, at this point, I feel this is a moot point, (APA), but I disagree. There are clinical is another matter; but all should be properly uses of tests and then there are counseling exposed to the benefits and drawbacks of KeithHenschen, Continued on Page 16.

AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Humber 1 15 Keith Hen8t;hen, ContinuedFrom Page 15. Based on the testing results, observations of Book Reviews uses of tests, and they are frequently not the practices and competitions, and interviews same. Clinical guidelines must be followed with the athlete, I then develop a Heads-UP baseball: Playing the game one in clinical settings, but the applied setting personalized program for the individual pitch at a time. offers a different set of parameters. which we will follow. This program by Ken Ravizza and Tom Hanson. (1995). Because many of the tests available are frequently changes according to the Kinesis, p.o. Box700-717, Redondo either sport specific {i.e., CSAI-2, LI) or progress of the individual. Beach, CA have counseling forms (i.e., TSCS, STAI) I believe that psychological testing can strict ethical guidelines can be modified. be utilized much more broadly than is now Reviewed by~ Ronald E. Smith To the horror of my clinically oriented deemed acceptable. It does have, or could University ofWashington friends, may I suggest the following even have, a limited role in the selection Edited by Deborah J. Rhea guidelines; process of professional athletes. Testing I. Use scientifically authentic tests when can indicate leaming styles or potential Since 1989, the baseball-specific sport at all feasible (must have validity and areas of group dynamics conflicts that could psychology market has been dominated by reliability at acceptable levels). be unhealthy and! or disastrous for teams. Harvey Dorfman and Karl Kuehl's seminal 2. Have training in administering and Preventing such situations appears to be work, "The Mental Game of Baseball." evaluating tests. ethical to me. For instance, if a team is "Heads-Up Baseball" expands the frontiers 3. Assessment instruments can be going to invest thousands or even millions opened up by the earlier book in important utilized in appropriate field settings if of dollars in perspective player, they should ways. Ken Ravizza and Tom Hanson have designed rigorously (adjective check-lists, know whether or not this individual fits applied their extensive backgrounds in sport sociometric tests, etc.) with the team chemistry, or can take the consultation and baseball coaching to 4. Never administer psychological tests type of coaching available. Physical talent produce a user-friendly guide to perfor­ to athletes unless you provide a face-to-face and psychological talent are different mance enhancement in baseball and softball relevant interpretation of the results. entities. The business community has used that is sure to command a major share of its 5. Always disclose to testees what you psychological testing for years in an attempt market. plan to do with the cumulative results and to determine "goodness ofCit." Are sports According to Ravizza and Hanson, the ask permission to do so (discuss results with different? key factor in peak performance is playing coaches, publish the testing results, etc.). Summary with confidence. They suggest that playing 6. Respect confidentiality issues if they Psychological testing is a reality in with confidence involves the ability to arise. today's world. Even those leaders of the relinquish voluntary control, "trust one's 7. Triangulate the testing results. This applied sport psychology area who do not stuff," and go into "automatic pilot" when it means that the testing should be "test," aU utilize various forms of comes time to perform. They would clearly substantiated by other sources of assessment very adeptly. They may not agree with Yogi Berra's famous dictum, assessment like watching practices, need this specific tool in their toolbox, but "You can't think and hit at the same time." attending actual competitions to some of the rest of us do. On the other side The only way to play with confidence is to determine if the message is consistent from of the coin, let's demystify this technique. It take personal responsibility for developing each situation. Incongruence may indicate is notjust for clinically trained individuals the psychological skills that allow one to a missed message somewhere. to test, it is for all of us. Yes, it is a skill to approach the task at hand with the state of H!lli'1 interpret tests andthen talk the language of trust that allows one's physical skills to take Psychological testing and assessment in the athlete; but it is just a skill. You will over, unimpeded by dysfunctional thoughts applied settings only provide directions to not perfect a skill unless first you are and feelings. In this manner, the player can pursue other indicants of possibilities for exposed, and second you practice the skill truly play the game "one pitch at a time," the practitioner. The results are not until mastery. I'm tired of pSychological with an optimal focus on the task at hand. definitive landmarkers, but rather testing being either portrayed as mystical by Ravizza and Hanson state the recipe for guideposts or directors. You must notice applied practitioners or elitely clinical by attaining the desired state of confidence that I have concentrated on my comments other individuals. It is just another skill involves three steps: (a) being in control of on the applied area and amnot discussing which all of us in the sport psychology field one's state of mind and body; (b) having a clinical uses. Personally, I use the "testing" should recognize as another potential specific plan or purpose on each pitch; and as a tool to build rapport with athletes. resource which can contribute to our (c) letting go ofconscious effort and They are amazed that I seem to know so expertise. trusting oneself. or, as the shoe commercial much about them, how they behave, and would say, "Just do it." how they respond emotionally from just a As part ofthe Point-Counterpoint series, The user-friendly nature of this book is few testing numbers. In other words, I pleasefeel free to contact Eileen Udry, aided by the use ofseveral useful analogies. make the results come alive by describing associate editor ofthe newslener, ifyou Playing the game with a purpose (whether the athletes' tendencies (behaviors and have a different perspective about over the course of a career or from pitch to emotions) in situations in their sports. psychological assessment tools. Book Reviews, Continuedon Page 17.

16 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 Book Review, Continued From Page 16, which psychological skills are incorporated. this book to unlock their potential as pitch during a game) is translated into the One example, as an aid to getting focused athletes, and that they will discover what concept of"being on a mission," a notion on the next pitch and ridding oneself of the sport consultants already know: perfor­ also used to considerable advantage by negative thoughts and images that can arise mance enhancement skills are truly skills Steven Covey in his best-selling "Seven when a pitcher has just hung another curve that can be applied to many life domains. Habits of Highly Successful People." This ball, the pitcher can engage in a routine: concept brings to life the purposive focus­ wiping the dirt off the mound to "brush ing of one's attention and energies on what away" the negative thoughts of the last Little Girls in Pretty Boxes is to be done from day to day, from inning pitch, turning one's back to the plate, taking by Joan Ryan (1996) to inning, and from pitch to pitch in getting a slow abdominal breath to reduce arousal, New York: Doubleday Publishers the most out of one's baseball or softball and finally turning back to the catcher in a Reviewed by: Bob Dallis career. Mission infuses direction, meaning, better state offocus and relaxation, ready to Boston University focus, intensity, and discipline into how one deliver the only pitch that now matters-the EdIted by Deborab J. Rhea plays the game. next one. Likewise, fielders are admon­ Another useful concept (which I know to ished to have an imaginary "circle of be the case because I borrowed it and used control" into which they step as the pitch is Joan Ryan writes about the seamier side it in my own work in professional baseball) delivered. The book is loaded with other of gymnastics and figure skating in "Little involves the traffic light analogy ofgreen, tips and guidelines, many of which come Girls in Pretty Boxes. H In her introduction, yellow, and red lights. A green light from interviews of college and professional she makes it quite clear that this is not a situation occurs when the athlete is in an coaches, players, and managers. One story about the benefits of athletics for the optimal performance state, or "in the zone." particularly compelling example, derived average child, but rather the abuses encoun­ In this state, psychological skills are not from Hanson's qualitative dissertation study tered in the world of elite female gymnasts needed to control anything and the athlete is offamous hitters, is an excerpt from the and figure skaters. The book encompasses advised to ride the state as long as possible. interview with Hank Aaron in which he interviews that Ryan bas completed over the A yellow light signals the presence of describes how he developed his ability to past four years, highlighting individual factors that could mean trouble. Even after focus all of his attention on the game at problems with eating disorders, competing they have acquired self-control skills such hand. with injuries, national federation's control as the ability to relax and focus, athletes Several other features of the book add to of the athlete, and parental control of the must be sensitive to their momentary states its appeal, including a big league production athlete. The book is not written as a of mind and body if they are to make job by the publisher. More than 50 photo­ scientific study; therefore, the abuse performance-enhanc:ing adjustments in the graphs and schematics enrich the presenta­ encounters that Ryan discusses can only be heat of action. They must quickly detect a tion. These arenot merely window dress­ acknowledged as individual case studies to loss ofsharp focus, the infiltration of ing; they solidly reinforce the concepts and aid in understanding themagnitude of abuse negative thoughts into their minds, or an guidelines described in the text Through­ with these elite athletes. increase in arousal before these negative out the book, the key ideas and concepts are In her introduction, Ryan writes of the influences spiral out ofcontrol. Athletes highlighted in boxes. allowing the reader to damage being created by others and that it who are sensitive to their performance get a quick overview of the book's content. is time to start protecting these young states can detect the "yellow light" and use Boxed quotes are also found on many of the athletes. Her goal for writing this book was their psychological skills to get back on pages, emphasizing important ideas from to open the eyes of coaches, parents, and track. A red light occurs when things are those pages. Most chapters contain anyone else associated with elite gymnasts getting out ofcontrol and the athlete needs concrete exercises to personalize the content and figure skaters of the abuse that exists in to simply stop and re-establish control for the player. For example, one exercise this special world ofsport. Her sole intent before a wreck occurs in the competition invites players to list all of the reasons why was to provide the reader with the elite intersection. The traffic light analogy they can afford to trust the quality of their athlete's perception ofabuse. Although her brings to life the importance ofseIf­ skills. Finally, although the book is written intent for this book was not to suggest awareness and sets the stage for the mainly for players, a feature called ''The future directions for handling abuse in elite acquisition of psychological skills, particu­ Coach's Box" is found at the end of each athletes, she did suggest that the govern­ larly breathing exercises that are designed chapter, providing guidelines for coaches ment should examine these sports under the to reduce arousal and control focus. who wish to use theconcepts and exercises auspices ofchild labor laws. The performance recipe of control, with their teams. In chapter one, Ryan focuses on specific purpose, and trust is introduced in the early This is a book of which the authors themes ofabuse, including stories about chapters of the book, then carried through­ should be proud. At 175 pages, it is about parents who sacrifice a normal home life by out the book with concrete guidelines for half the length of the DorfmanlKuebl book, allowing their children to live at the applying them to hitting, pitching, defense, yet it contains a treasure trove of usable gymnastic academies, to the coaches who and baserunning. Many of the guidelines information. There is little question that push their athletes to compete with pain and involve specific performance routines into many baseball and softballplayers will use keep their mouth shut when they are

AAASP WInter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number1 17 Book Reviews, ContinuedFrom Page 17,

injured, to the federations that are powerless explores how judges are influenced by the simply giving lip service to the area of to do anything about this. The most pressures of the federation. diversity. powerful testimony of the chapter was an Chapter seven details specific coaches' interview with Otilia Gomez, mother of behavior. The major focus was on the "Counseling the Culturally Different" is gymnast Julissa Gomez, emphasizing the actions of gymnastics coach, Bela Karolyi. an excellent starting point to begin a role that injuries play in abuse. the chapter Ryan details many ofKarolyi's abuses, journey of awareness into the special and ends with Mrs. GOmez allowing doctors to ranging from abusive language toward the unique differences between the various shut off the respirator that had kept ber athletes to forcing the gymnasts to compete minorities that inhabit this country known daughter alive for the past three years after and practice while hurt. The information in erroneously as the Melting Pot. The United she fell during a vault and broke her neck. this chapter is, for the most part, expressing States is more like a mixed salad bowl, with... Chapters two and three detail the negative comments about coaches. every type ofethnic, racial, or immigrant problems ofeating disorders and body Overall, Ryan is convincing in detailing group retaining its color and flavor while image. Chapter two focuses on the trials of the abuses that. pervade the sports of contributing to the whole salad, without gymnast Christy Henrich, who eventually gymnastics and figure skating. She does a ever really becoming unified or homog­ died from complications brought on by her good job of explaining how parents allow enized, as the Melting Pot metaphor eating disorder. Ryan gives many examples these abuses to occur to their children. She implies. A salad bowl allows each special of the various eating disorders that afflict writes that they are blinded by the lure ofan population within the U,S. to maintain its gymnasts and skaters. She directs the Olympic gold medal and feel they are just uniqueness and culture, which is important blame for these eating disorders on coaches, trying to give their children the best chance for identification, while still participating in sports federations, and the sports them­ to succeed. interactions with other groups. selves. Chapter three focuses on the This book will serve parents of young It is essential that psychologists, counse­ pressure that is placed upon gymnasts and athletes very well. It also makes for lors, and educators continue to Increase skaters to look and act a certain way. As a interesting reading for the sports psychol­ their awareness and sensitivity to the variety result, these athletes are particularly at risk ogy student who might be working with of differences out in the world Further, it for developing eating disorders because young athletes in that it gives the student a is necessary that they admit that the so they are judged not only on their perfor­ better perspective on some of the issues called traditional method of counseling is mance, but on their appearance. they will face. NOT suitable for everyone. This book Chapter four emphasizes the pressures suggests alternative methods for counseling that athletes face in gymnastics and figure those who do not fit a normative standard. skating. Ryan states that the pressure on Counseling the Culturally Different Although, the book, at times, leans towards skaters and gymnasts is unique because they by Deratd Sue and David Sue broad generalizations and stereotypes, at are Olympic athletes. Therefore, these Wiley & Sons: New York, NY,l990 least the authors are making an attempt to athletes only have the opportunity to attain address this difficult issue rather than their sports' pinnacle once every four years. Reviewed by Naomi Schatz pretending it does not exist. Additionally, there are no second chances in Temple University The text limits itself by focusing only on these sports if the athletes fall or stumble; Edited by Deborah J. Rhea four specific populations in Part Two their chance for a gold medal is finished. (American Indians, Asian Americans, Black Chapter five explores the role of the Even though this book was published in Americans, and Hispanic Americans). By parent. This chapter is a litany of abusive 1990 and covers counseling techniques, I picking these special populations, the and obsessive parents. Ryan was able to feel that it has potential for the sports authors are potentially eliminating other find one parent who seemed well-adjusted psychology reader because of the ethnic minorities from discussion. Different and one paragraph was spent on this parent. diversity of the athletes we counsel. This counseling techniques apply to both racial However, the rest of the chapt.. is devoted book is intended for and should be required and ethnic minorities, as well as sub-groups. to various horror stories. This makes for reading for any and all introductory VVhat about religious, gender, sexuaJ great reading, but it does not offer parents counseling education programs, as well as orientation, and physical handicap differ­ anypractical advice or solutions for for students in graduate programs counsel­ ences? Clearly, one book can not cover all changing this maladaptive behavior. ing clients, patients, athletes, or others of of these areas, but Sue and Sue do not ever Chapter six focuses on the politics color, or by some means labeled different address the differences of any special, involved in these sports. Ryan looks at the from traditional, white, middle class unique or"different" populations that federations ofgymnastics and figure skating Americans. This is not to say that the text require awareness and sensitivity in and concludes that they really do not have is flawless, for it most certainly is not. It is counseling. Part of the problem may lie the athletes' best interests at heart. She also essential, however, that those who are in the with the interesting fact that the question counseling profession start doing more than "Different than what?" is never directly Book Reviews, Continuedon Page 19.

18 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 Book Reviews, Continued From Page 18. of the main goals of this text, to change the additional information about each popula­ addressed in the text, even though it is in tion, as well as resources about other sub­ possibly correct negative exclusionary the title of the book. The title implies or groups not mentioned in their book. perceptions about counseling into a more supports the notions of normal versus not accepting and sensitive arena. nannal, which is a dangerous place to start. Part Three has only one chaptel' which In a sense, the title of the book perpetuates has 18 short stories or vignettes which As mentioned above, the strength lies in the very problem the authors aretrying to could be used to analyze the different the generalizations of the first two chapters, combat. techniques used in counseling the culturally as it seems like the authors fail when they try to get too specific. Ifwe look at the The book is organized into three unequal different. Ifprepared and practiced by a preface, theauthors state that thebook parts. Part One, containing eight chapters, skilled teacher, this section could be "provides a conceptual framework by which comprises over half of the text and is extremely helpful to students as they to understand the minority experience in the entitled, "Issues and Concepts in Cross­ explore the different styles of counseling United States, the role counseling has played Cultural Counseling". The strength of the employed in the various situations, and to text lies in this first section, focusing on the seek a unique balance and style for with respect to larger societal forces, and the practice of cross-cultural counseling..." (vi). issues and concepts inherent in counseling themselves. Their attention to the subject of diversity clients who are "different" in some way The strength of the text is evident must be viewed a success simply by from the norm. Again, what constitutes the immediately in the first two chapters. In confronting the problems inherent in the "norm" is never adequately addressed, these chapters, the authors attempt to way the counseling profession has handled which may be a symptom of White Privi­ establish that racism does most certainly lege, a subconscious tendency to view white exist in the United States, and that tradi­ clients with differences in the past and by as nonnal and everything else as "differ­ tional forms of counseling have added to making These are all excellent suggestions ent". the problem by becoming "a form of for the future. The remainder of the text has Part Two contains four chapters about oppression in which there is unjust and some valuable insights, but the authors must "Counseling Specific Populations". While cruel exercise of power to subjugate or be careful since they attempt to educate and it is important to write a text focusing on mistreat large groups of people" (p. 6). enlighten through the use of generalizations specific populations in the U.S., it is also a The authors do not say that counselors do and stereotypes about specific cultures, for weakness in that the authors tend to this purposively, but rather that most can then they may be guilty of the very same perpetuate existing myths about minorities not help it because they do not even see it. thing they are trying to confront. in this country. They do this by They say that mental health professionals stereotypicaUy mentioning only the four need to confront their own biases, become specific populations (American Indians, more aware of the client's worldview, and Asian Americans, Black Americans, and develop appropriate skills to help those Hispanic Americans). It is impossible to different than themselves to be effective. AnnouncementofNew have a section such as the authors intend In addition to the aforementioned sugges­ without generalizing, but in a text meant to tions, they put out a call for help to not only Texts increase sensitivity, these chapters could be do more research in the area, but also for seen as offensive. active recruiting ofethnic minorities into To help clarify the aforementioned point, the field. These are all excellent sugges­ Franklin, E. N. (1996). Dance imagery for an example may prove useful. Despite the tions which make the price of the text technique and petfonnance Champaign, IL: message portrayed in Chapter 11, not all worth h. It is important that those in Human Kinetics. Black Americans have a low education professional fields other than specifically level, live in a matriarchal family, and have counseling also pay attention to these Morgan, W. P. (996). Physical activity and problems with the authorities. Neverthe­ suggestions as they could be applicable and mental health. (1996). Washington, DC: less, the authors never have any strong beneficial in an infinite number of areas. Taylor & Francis. disclaimers that they are mentioning some Chapter two does an excellent job of examples. The authors areeffective in exploring some of the typical "Barriers to Syer,J.&ConnoUy,C.(1997). How strengthening their main point which seems Effective Cross-Cultural Counseling." teamwork works - The dynamics of effective to be that "while commonalties exist among Here the authors go into the techniques and team development New York: McGraw & varying cultural groups, differences are also goals of traditional counseling methods and Hill. present" (pg. t73), and .that by itself is a explain how the "different populations" do success. But they should have spent more not always fit into this model. The authors Wann, D. L. (1997). Sport Psychology. time in the introduction to Part Two include a quote by Sundberg (1981) who Upper Saddle New Jersey: Prentice Hall. explaining why they chose these four said that therapy was not for "Quoid" populations, and in addition, mention people (quiet, ugly, old, indigent, and resources the reader could access for dissimilar culturally) (pg. 33). That is one

AAASP Winter 1997· Vol. 12. Number 1 19 Maureen Weiss, Continued FromPage 1. Bonnie Berger, Continued FromPage4. type of presentation, theme), entered into continue to serve the organization, if elected the multiple populations that we serve. the computer directly from the author's President. These include people ofall age groups; of diskette, and automatically transformed into various ethnic and socioeconomic back­ a format for each ofthe section heads to use Strengthening Our Strengths While Focus­ grounds; with physical, developmental, and in the review process. The computer ing on Funlre Needs: New Efforts Are psychological disabilities; and at all levels technology is the brainstorm ofWade Required of physical skill. Focusing on the contribu­ Gilbert, a PhD student at the University of tions of sport psychology for multiple Ottawa, who will be greatly involved in AAASP has made tremendous strides segments ofthe population, will enable us bringing us all up to speed in this first year during its first twelve years, and we have to become a stronger organization, we need of operation. In addition to facilitating the much of which to be proud. To become a to continue what we are doing, but also review process and conference program stronger organization, we need to continue embark on new frontiers. At this critical scheduling, the new technology will allow what we are doing, but also embark on new point in AAASP's development, I propose for a more accurate spring newsletter frontiers. At this critical point in AAASP's that we collectively take stock of who we program listing, on-site conference pro­ development, I propose that we collectively are as an organization, our current needs, gram, and abstract book for lASP. take stock of who we are as an organization, and where the association is going. Then our current needs, and where the association we can launch new projects with a clear set The second service is the initiation of a is going. Then we can launch new projects ofobjectives. Strengthening our strengths conference management company's with a clear set of objectives. Strengthening can be the launching pad for new initia­ involvement in some of AAASP's opera­ our strengths can be the launching pad for tives! tions. AAASP has grown so big so quickly new initiatives! that position duties of the Presidents, Diverse MemberShip' Muh131 Respect and Secretary-Treasurer, and Publications Scientist-practitioner Model A Guiding Support Director have increased exponentially. To Ideal offload some ofthese time-consuming A third strength of AAASP that I responsibilities, we are in the process of A major strength of AAASP is merging would like to develop even more than we signing a contract with a conference the interests and needs ofresearchers and have is mutual respect and coUegiality management company in Boulder, CO. practitioners in a single organization. I among all segments ofour membership. Among some of the duties they will firmly believe that blending research and We need to create increased opportunities to perform this year are: (a) negotiating with practice enhances each of these activities. exchange viewpoints about the direction of our final 3 conference site hotel selections We need to emphasize this model at the AAASP as well as methodologies and for the 1999 conference; (b) providing on­ annual conferences in symposia and panel theories. AAASP members include site handling ofcatering, audiovisual needs, discussions, at pre-conference workshops, students and established professionals, and other logistical concerns; and, (c) in the Newsletter, and in the Journal of psychologists and sport scientists, and checking and finalizing the hotel bill for the Applied SPOrtPsychology. The balance practitioners and researchers. This multi­ conference. I want to thank Penny between research and applied experience faceted membership provides golden McCullagh for her persistent work to realize has direct implications for AAASP certifi­ opportunities for developing new ideas, this goal to help improve the workload of cation and re-certification criteria and also combining research approaches, and executive board members. After this year's for program accreditation, two pressing strengthening undergraduate and graduate conference, we will evaluate these opera­ issues of concern. programs. tions and make plans for including more At this juncture in the development of services in the future. AAASP, increased dialogue will assist us in Multifaceted Content re-establishing mutual understanding and Concluding Remarks support among members - a base upon The multifaceted content of sport I want to conclude by personally which AAASP was founded. It is critical psychology - health psychology, interven­ thanking the many, many individuals who that we enhance communication among the tion andperformance enhancement; and exemplify the AAASP spirit and make my various interest groups. We need avenues social psychology - is another major job easier than it could be. This includes for open dialogue on key issues such as strength ofour Association. An advantage the executive board members, section chairs certification and accreditation at the annual of OUf tri-part focus is that it emphasizes the and members, standing and ad hoc commit­ conference and in the newsletters. Each of broad content of sport psychology as well as tee chairs and members, journal and us can share in this goal. newsletter editors and reviewers, and all of Bonnie Berger, Continued on Page 21. you as enthusiastic and committed mem­ bers. This is truly a great organization and I feel privileged to be serving you.

20 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol, 12, Number 1 P()"III()11 SldlL'1l1L'IIt,,_ ('()[lllllllL'd

Robin Vealey, Bonnie Berger, Continued From Page 19. Continued From Previous Frances Flint, Continued From Page 5, Column.

Conclusion my doctoral program six years ago, and Issues of pressing concern to our I envision the role of president of AAASP as one who provides guidance and even now within clinical and filed settings, organization include the desirability of my learning has always been focused accreditation, examination of the certifica­ secures resources to achieve the two goals of sport psychology; facilitate the perfor­ towards the hands.-on approach and this has tion and re-certification requirements, been particularly beneficial within sports expanded possibilities for supervised mance and development of individuals in sport and physical activity, and develop medicine. Through graduate research. internships, increased continuing education however, I became aware of new avenues to workshops, and the possible development of important knowledge and gain scientific credibility. Tensions erupt in the field when knowledge and growth in sport and health an ethics casebook. We need renewed. psychology. The last 10 years in the energy and openness to encourage the these goals are juxtaposed, and the science­ practice rift is perpetuated when we lose combined areasof sport psychology and sharing of ideas and the addressing of sports medicine have been exciting, filled concerns as we chart our organization's sight of the fact that AAASP was formed to support h!:.!th of these goals, to reduce the with passion, and challenge. I believe that future. I propose that we strengthen our as we approach the millennium, we have strengths through collaborative action as we disparity between them, and to facilitate their co-existence and interdependence. I high expectations of what is possible and, tackle new projects. unlimited potential for what is achievable. With the vitality, expertise, and support the programs already in place to enhance the provision of professional It is this addictive feeling of unlimited dedication ofour own members, AAASP is potential that makes organizations like ideally positioned for leading the field of services (e.g., organization/outreach, certification, liasons with USOC and AAASP so exciting and invigorating. applied sport psychology. I have the Perhaps the best insight into my administrative experience, familiarity with NCAA) and our scholarly development (e.g., grant program, quality control in approach to sport psychology and AAASP AAASP committees and organizational comes from the circuitous route that I have structure, and personal motivation to serve journal and conference submissions). I would be interested to launch such initia­ taken in my career(s). As the saying goes, you well as president- It would be an honor 'we only pass this way once' (please let me to guide AAASP into the next century. tives as a focus on effective mentoring for students and young professionals, expanded knowfast if I am mistaken) and therefore I promotion and marketing ofour field, and listened to my heart and became involved in to seek out new sources of funding to various professions which eventually lead me to sport psychology. My background is support our initiatives and growth such as Robin VeaJey, Continued From Page 4. corporate sponsorship of certain awards and that of an educator. coach, camp director, programs, athletic therapist, and student/researcher in inclusion, personal responsibility, and ... AAASP members must remember sport psychology. Perhaps this is what has effectance. An important objective for me that the enormous challenge of the organi­ instilled in me a respect for allied profes­ would be to facilitate this sense of inclusion zation is to promote two objectives that are sions. Collaboration with other profes­ and personal responsibility for AAASP and often viewed as disparate and conflictual. sionals provides us with new and varied the field at large -- to call upon the member­ My mission as a leader of this organization prospecrives on issues of mutual interest. ship to utilize your unique talents to fulfill would be to work toward the fulfillment of We gain a diversity of thinking and this the objectives of the organization. Al­ these goals within a spirit of "inclusive accords new strength and creativity in a though the Executive Board is the central exclusiveness" to nurture and utilize the team approach. With a collaborative effort, decision-making body, it is the members talents of the very heterogenous member­ we gain the strengths of each profession and serving throughout the organization that ship, yet guard and preserve the quality of integrate these into the matrix. The whole define AAASP as a driving force for the our research, professional development, and becomes stronger because of the creativity field of sport psychology. I support the provision of services to society. The and diversity of the parts. What do collaboration and a team continuation and expansion of many of the opportunity for effectance in relation to the approach mean to the area of health previous initiatives of inclusion such as unique challenges in the development of psychology? Since health psychology has world-wide student networking and regional applied sport psychology should excite all such a broad scope with multiple facets, conferences, the international fellows of us. program, the diversity committee, and the Frances Flint, Continued on Page 22. establishment ofawards within AAASP for students and professionals.

AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 21 Frances Flint, ContinuedFrom Page 21. Frances Flint, ContinuedFrom Previous Carole Ogelsby, ContinuedFrom Previous Column. Column.

collaboration and a team approach to react differentially with respect to health, and association. One is building some kind pertinent issues is particularly important. thus guiding research. I do not mean to ofjoint interaction with NATA, focusing on Allied professionals from medicine, imply that all those engaged in research psychological support for injured athletes epidemiology, athletic and physical therapy, must set aside time to apply their work, but and, perhaps, exploration ofsteps to reduce psychology, fitness, physiology, counseling rather, that through collaborative relation­ the occurrence of injury. Such partnership services, and a myriad ofother areas all ships we extend research into the field and efforts might also include the sports have an investment in health psychology give feedback from the applied setting back medicine units of the USOC and the either through their scopes ofpractice or to the research loop. This process is NCAA. Systemic efforts within the sport through direct interaction with clients. We especially evident in health psychology. organizational framework seem to hold the gain new knowledge of the prevalence, Some key words have been highlighted greatest promise for positive change. Heil, impact, interaction, and provocative and throughout this statement: coUaboration, Pargman, Berger, and Sachs all spoke about palliative care in various areas of health integration, teamwork, sharing, and the importance and desirability ofcreating psychology. Collectively, through collabo­ mentoring. To me, these are all key joint external partnerships and I would rative efforts, we have a rich base of ingredients to a productive, enlightened, certainly pledge to work within the information, but only if we work in concert and creative organization. I would not be Executive Board of AAASP toward the and share our knowledge. Even the presumptuous enough to think, however, enactment of such arrangements. demonstration of a veteran AAASP that I know the right way for the future to Heils' "critical incident stress debriefing" member's interest in the work of a new unfold for AAASP. What I am willing to concept is a second example of a graduate student shows a willingness to contribute to AAASP is my commitment to partnership project. I have been working share and welcome a new colleague. the ideals and needs of the association, an recently with Eye Movement Collaboration and a team approach can openness to the creativity and vision ofour Desensitization Reprocessing: (EMDR) strengthen our health psychology section membership, and my efforts to collectively approaches in trauma treatment. After the and open new vistas for the coming years. move the association ahead. I would be Oklahoma City bombing, teams of EMDR­ The challenge for the future lies in main­ privileged to be granted the opportunity 10 trained professionals worked on-site for taining this sense of AAASP community, serve the membership of AAASP. weeks in efforts to ease the pain of those mentoring, and sharing in light ofthe injured and survivors. Ofcourse, we are burgeoning membership andphysical neither contemplating such disasters nor distance between members. massive responses to serious incidents. The With the growth in membership, EMDR teams do show, however, how an internationality and prestige, many in organization can valuably put a system in AAASP have become introspective about Carole Oglesby. ContinuedFrom Page 5. place to "be responsive" to the needs of a the mission ofour organization, Some ask, community. AAASP members area great "where does the applied part fit in sport keynote to symposia to poster sessions, at resource, both at present and potentially, for psychology?". How can we satisfy the the annual conference is an important task the sport and athletic community. This needs of all in AAASP regardless of in this regard. The chair also can be active community, by and large, does not KNOW interests in research, application, or a in recruiting submissions of papers, that as yet. Partnership projects, like the combination of the two? I believe fervently focusing: on health section topics, to JASP ones Heil has suggested during his term, in the "applied" aspect of sport psychology; and other relevant journals. In a brief can help real persons in distress and however, I respect the essential narure of review of the past AAASP Newsletters, increase the visibility of AAASP which all research since it establishes the foundation former Health Chairs have emphasized this agree is needed. Task 3-- Position Papers upon which we build action in our search to role and identified other possible tasks Recently, I co-authored the mental health understand human interaction. To me, the (some already underway) which I believe section of a President's Council on Physical logical conclusion to research is the are viable and worthy of our continued Fitness and Sport report, designed to be application of the findings. In a similar efforts. adjunct to the Surgeon General's Report on fashion, experience gained in health-related Task 2 - Service in Partnerships Exercise and Health. Members of the clinical and field settings challenges us to John Heil has suggested service PCPFS were concerned that inactivity was a seek understanding of the reasons why projects, of at least two types, holding: people make health-related decisions or promise for meeting the goals of the section Carole OglesUy, Continuedon Page 23.

22 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 AAASP Contact List Carole Oglesby, Continlled From Page 22. Vicki Ebbeck, Continued From Page 6. Committee Chairs CqnJinuing &tumID.. ChW Ltmrtl Finch serious problem among adolescent girls and successfully recorded minutes for many Phy8iad &hlcaJioJr, Brophy Hall that, possibly, the general report on exercise meetings within my college, however, and I We.l1ern Illhwis UIIWenity and health would not adequately address can be trained to use the accounting MtlaJMb,IL 61455 this specific problem. Thus was born the software that has be tailored for the specific 309-298·2350 [email protected] PCPFS report. The hope in developing financial needs of AAASP. Of course I such a report is, of course, to impact really feel that it would be more important CmifiMW", lkykJl' Chgjr favorably on public policy. Ifthis occurs, it for me to listen to the views ofAAASP Bonnie Berger is often the case that funding will become members thanfor me to have typing or ScMolofPhysical Education and HeaIJh Unil'trrily iJ/Wyoming available, from a variety of sources, to carry accounting skills. As a member of the L.«nrmie, WY 82(170 out desirable projects: 1) programs may be Executive Board, I would expect to 307·766-5285 funded; 2) research may be supported to contribute to the development of policies [email protected] investigate mechanisms which account for affecting the future direction of AAASP. Ccztitie4 CqzwrltMt.r C&nir the phenomena under study; 3) outcome Therefore, I would want to be mindful of Rkh Gordi1I research will examine the effects of the what AAASP members thought about HPERDept. programs offered. Also, public demand for different issues when presenting my own UtahStaU Vniverdty the availability of the program or outcome opinions. In addition, 1would want to be Logan DT84322-7000 801·'797·1506 may grow. In this manner, the development receptive to new ideas and suggestions [email protected] and distribution of position papers or forwarded to me by other members of the guidelines on health section matters association so that I could then share them Qillmitv Oqir (following a thorough review ofsuch plans with Board members. Communication Emily ClmpeO P.O. Box 22712 by AAASP units generally) could among members of the association, as well HolJOwlu., HI96823·2712 contribute significantly to enhancing the as between association members and the 808-988-4458 visibility, image, and influence ofapplied Executive Board, is paramount to the EthksChqir sport psychology. continued growth of AAASP. Andy Meyers Key to the accomplishment of these Undoubtedly there are some interesting hychology Deptu1ment ambitious initiatives is to tep into, and times ahead as AAASP continues to Universic,y ofMemphis grow, that segment of the AAASP struggle with satisfying the many needs ofa Memphis, TN 38Il7 membership that is professionally quite 901-678-2146 community whose interests are diverse [email protected]&yc.memphis.edu beyond performance enhancement alone. diverse. Whatwe all want from an Such a statement is NOT to diminish the association, like a good pair ofjeans, is a Qa:animJionlOutrrrqrh CluJir role of performance enhancement. It has comfortable fit. 1 continue to attend Und4 Petlkhkolf unfailingly been my experience that different conferences and subscribe to new Depm1:ment ofHPER Boise SltJIe University positive psychological effects of sport memberships in search of professional Boise, ID 83725 (among general practitioners) accrue when groups that are compatible with what I do. 208·385-1231 participants become more fit and skillful; AAASP mayor may not ultimately fit with rpepetli@idb&u.idb&u.edu my professional needs, but I am willing to feeling enhanced esteem, control and Develrmmenl Chqir discipline in their lives. Thus health sport wait to see how the association evolves in Karen Cogtl" psychology is deeply interactive with the future. I do believe that we each need to P.O. Box 13487 performance enhancement, and optimally, respect the various roles we all play in Univ. ofN. Texas COUll$elingand Te&tingCenter vice versa. Since many AAASP members advancing applied sport psychology. Based Demon, TX 76203 817·565-4798 (identifying as both performance on the respect we develop for each other, [email protected] enhancement and health and exercise we can then address how AAASP might psychology experts) have interests and best serve its members. If elected to the l!ltt!Jl9tjongl Rdqfimu: Chajr careers which cross into health and well­ position ofSecretary-Treasurer, I would Gloria Bal4gue 5517 N. PIWIina StTeei being issues, we should have many hands to look forward to learning more about the ChictlgO, IL 60640 potentially do the kind of projects that composition of the AAASP membership 312-334-4701 health section leaders have proposed, To and working with individual members to [email protected] carry these efforts forward would be my optimize the functioning of AAASP. NCAA ConWIU CIuzk commitment as chair. Craig WrisbelX 3#HPER Ullive~ity ofTenne&&u KnOXJlilh, TN 37996-2700 615-974--1283 wrnberg@/ltkIlX./dcc.utk.edu

AAASP Winter 1997 ~ Vol. 12, Number 1 23 Po.citi on StdlL'lllL'lll"_ '- on tinuc-d

Thad Leffingwell, ContinuedFrom Previous James Whelan, Continued From Page 6. Thad Leffingwell, ContinuedFrom Page 7. Column.

I see myself as having the experience to do applied sport psychology as a profession of furthering communication among student both these tasks well. As Secretaryl choice is outpacing growth in the number of members of AAASP. As an organizer of Treasurer of the TPA, I assumed these jobs for applied sport psychologists. I will two different regional student conferences, I responsibilities with a similar size member­ continue to support AAASP's recent efforts would continue to encourage and support ship and a much larger budget. In addition, at proactively influencing the potential these opportunities for student interaction. I negotiated contracts with management consumer base through education. As a In addition, I would like to expand the use groups, hotels. law firms, accountants, and member of the Organizational Outreach and ofelectronic resources for student commu­ lobbyists. I have ensured that people get Education Committee, I contributed to the nication. I would create an AAASP student paid and I know the importance of growing development ofeducational brochures resources web page with information and association assets. I also have experience as targeting potential consumers ofsport links of relevance to the student member­ Treasurer ofa PAC fund and know how to psychology services. I will support the ship. In addition, I would advocate students set up a Foundation. Finally, I have continuation and expansion of these efforts. to join the SPORTPSY bulletin board. assumed all fiscal responsibilities ofa Graduate Training. Since the advent Recent discussions on the bulletin board student training clinic for over six years. ofconsultant certification by AAASP, many aboutaccDeditation, career preparation, and Ofcourse, in addition to the specific students have been frustrated to learn that intervention effectiveness could only duties ofa Secretaryffreasurer, I would the program they are in may be unable to benefit from greater student membership assume the responsibility of holding the provide all the requirements for certifica­ and participation. position ofan active board member. Each tion. This has led to a call for a standard­ I would be honored to serve as your board member must be prepared to repre­ ization of graduate training, and a Student Representative. Ifgiven the sent the membership and the profession revisitation of the concept of AAASP chance, I will serve with enthusiasm, when making decisions about our organiza­ accreditation of graduate training programs. energy, and commitment and will do my tion. I believe I have an understanding of I would support AAASP's reconsideration best to serve the good of the student the issues that are important to our member­ of a process of accreditation or registration membership of AAASP and the profession, ship. As an involved member of AAASP of graduate programs that fulfill certifica­ since its early years, I have witnessed the tion requirements. challenges and opportunities that our Science. I am strongly committed to profession has faced and have had the the continued development ofour research rewarding experience of working within the knowledge base in applied sport psychol­ Bob Harmison. ContinuedFrom Page 7. organization to develop some of our ogy. The scientific advancement ofour standards, I understand the current debates field is of critical importance to all students about accreditation of training programs, in the field because of its intimate relation­ accomplish more together than we can visibility in the marketplace, and public ship to the professional growth ofour field alone. I am committed to keeping open the awareness of professional competencies. in both academic and applied realms. communication lines between students. I Being a faculty member at a training While I do advocate approaches to market will encourage the regional student institution with expertise in both sport our field to possible consumers, I believe representatives to be active by interacting science and psychology backgrounds, I that these marketing efforts should have a with the students in their regions so that understand the need for the promotion of strong research base of demonstrated every student member is heard. Also, professionals who are balanced in both intervention effectiveness. I would support whether we are training to be psychologists research and practice. I believe that I can efforts by AAASP to foster scientific or mental trainers, researchers or accurate represent our membership's development through research grants for consultants, we all need each other. opinions and our profession's needs. applied sport psychology intervention Acquiring the ability to collaborate begins Once again, I feel honored to be research as well as conference workshops at the student level, and I aim to promote considered for this position. I am willing to on grantsmanship, innovative research this unity among these distinct groups. continue to work hard for the objectives of designs (including single-subject designs I am never as "charged up" about my future our organization. And, I appreciate you for and case study) and statistical applications as I am after each AAASP conference. The taking the time to read my thoughts about for investigating intervention effectiveness conference is vital to my personal AAASP. Communication. Previous student development, and keeping the cost representatives have done an excellentjob affordable is apriority. Also, I will encourage regional student representatives Bob Harmison, Continuedon Page 25.

24 AAASP Winter 1997· Vol. 12, Number 1 Bob Harmison, ContinuedFrom Page 24. John Salmela Continuedfrom Previous Column. Shelley Wiechmall, ContinuedFrom Previous Column. to organize conferences to provide students A preliminary program is then sent on Finally, I am attending the spring board with the opportunities to gain valuable disk to the Senior Program Chair. At the meeting in April which is the time for me to presentation experience and to interact with semi-annual Executive Board, the Program bring up any issues, concerns, or requests professionals and students in their regions. Chairs put together the final program and do that the students of AAASP might have. some adjustments and fine tuning. For example, several of you have made Professional Development. What are the main reasons for having requests regarding money and the use of The continual buzzword seems to be contributions rejected? The main one is AAASP's name for certain events. Just send "jobs." Unfortunately, there are fewer open showing no evidence that there are existing me a written proposal and I will present it to positions than we would like to see. There data that have been collected at the time of the Board. You can also email me with is a market out there, and we must take an submission. Another reason is that the ideas or questions you have for the Execu­ active role in creating this market. While at author did not follow the very explicit tive Board. You can reach me at (206)685­ DofA, I was part of a group that created an guidelines for submission. Finally, the 4442 or email at internship program that eventually led to a unique contribution to the program as [email protected] full-time position in the athletic department. compared to their submissions is happy and productive spring! Also, I have spoken with several recent considered, andthis is where the rating graduates and young professionals who scale numbers of the committee are useful. P.S. We are still looking for someone to "created" a market for themselves -- so, yes, As with any growing professional work with Justine Reel on setting up a it can be done! To do so we need the know organization, the competition for available student list serve. Any volunteers? how and skills, and I would support spaces and tie slots will be increased with workshops that taught us how to market the professional evolution of AAASP. ourselves and the field, how to create jobs, and about the business side of consulting. Larry Alford. ContinuedFrom Page 9. Obviously, the availability of Shelley Wiechman, ContinuedFrom Page9. supervised practica and internships, important issue for all of us. To make this that responsibility was re-assigned to (and certification, and accreditation will be process easier, I want to direct you to the ably advanced by) Craig Wrisberg along debated over the upcoming years. I am Directory of Graduate Programs in Applied with Penny McCullagh (see Fall 1996 open to examining what can be done next SPOrt Psychology by Sachs, Burke, and Newsletter). after considering the thorough work Butcher. You can order it by calling 1-800­ Finally, Linda Petlichkoff has returned conducted by AAASP leadership in these 477-4348 ($20). Specifically, the Directory to her duties at Boise State and has resumed areas. Strong leadership is needed to ensure includes the list of criteria needed for her role as focal point for correspondence that we have the opportunities to develop AAASP certification (pp. 5-6). You can regarding Outreach Committee activities. our professional selves. I believe that match this list to what each program offers students can be active voices on these tough to see if you will get the training opportuni­ issues and am prepared to speak for those ties that you need. The Directory also who want to be heard. includes a list of questions that you should Again, I am honored to have been Karen Cogan, ContinuedFrom Page 10. ask prospective graduate program advisors nominated for this position. I am confident (pp. 17-20). Don't be shy in asking that will be given to potential donors to help that I will bring the same fire, drive, and questions as it is important that you find the them understand what AAASP is and what excitement to the position that has propelled program that will best fit your needs and we need. I would like to extend my thanks me to this point in my development. You match your career interests. For those of to the committee members (Diane Gill, can be assured that I will give nothing less you wanting more applied training, I have Jerry Larson, Sean McCann, John Noble, than my best which I hope will help to been trying to gather a list of available and Susan Walter) for their recent feedback advance this great field. internshi.ps. I have not gotten many on thi.sproject. responses (three actually) because there are We are always looking for new ideas John Salmela, ContinuedFrom Page 8. not many formal internships out there. and input on increasing AAASP's revenue Which means that we need to start creating to provide the many training opportunities type. These comments are then returned to more applied experiences for ourselves and our membership deserves. Please contact the Program Chair and the assessments for be somewhat assertive in asking for Karen Cogan. Phone: (817) 565-4798; Fax: each member are tabulated and ranked. supervision. I will discuss this issue further (817) 565-4376; e-mail: Each Program Chair already knows how at the conference and will hopefully be able [email protected]; address: UNT Coun­ many time slots are available based upon to provide you with a longer list by Septem­ seling & Testing Center, P.O. Box 13487, previous programs and numbers of ber! Denton, TX 76203. contributions in each section. Shelley Wiechman. ContinuedNext Colurrm. John Salmela, ContinuedNext Column.

AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 25 South Central Regional Student Sport and Exercise Psychology Symposium

Aprilll-12th at Texas A&M University, College Station, IX. Contact: Bob Harmison, University ofNorth Texas (817) 591-7840, or Dr. Arnold LeUnes, Texas A&M University (409) 845-2558 *abstracts for student presentations must be received by March 28, 1997

North American Societyfor Psychology ofSport and Physical Activity 1997 Conference May 29 - June 1 Denver, CO Meeting jointly with the American College ofSports Medicine Site Coordinator: Dr. Stephen Wallace, Department ofKinesiology, University ofColorado at Boulder Boulder, CO 80309 Tel: (303) 492-8205 Fax: (303) 492-4009 E-mail: [email protected]

11th International Symposium for Adapted PhysicalActivity ISAPA May 13-17 Chateau Frontenac, Quebec City, Canada For more information, contact: 1nstitut de readaptation en deficience physique de Quebec 525, boulevard Wilfrid-Hamel, Bureau A-102, Quebec, GIM 2S8, Canada Tel: (418) 529-9141 Paste 6271, Fax: (418) 529-7318

Ole Olympic Prize

In order to recognize the evolution ofscientific research related to human movement, the International Olympic Committee, under the sponsorship ofParke-Davis, has created a prestigious prize - the IDe Olympic Prize. This Prize will be awardedforfindings resulting from outstanding research in the field ofscience applied to human movement, physical exercise, and sport. The prize may be awarded in the following fields: biological sciences medical sciences physical sciences psychological sciences The IOC Olympic Prize is awarded every two years in connection with the Olympic Summer and Winter Games and consists ofa medal, a diploma, and $250,000 (U.S.). Thefirst IOC Olympic Prize was awarded in 1996. The next IOC Olympic Prize will be awarded at the XVIII Olympic Games in Nagano Japan in 1998. Nominations should be received not later than March 31, 1997. Further details on the Prize and the nomination procedures can be found on the Web at www.oicolympicprize.com. For more information about the IOC Olympic Prize please contact the JOC headquarters in Switzerland, or the Chair ofthe Selection Committee at: International Olympic Committee, Medical Commission, Chateau de Vitly, CH-lOO7, Lausanne, Switzerland Tel: 41,21 621 61 1, Fax: 41,21 624 6166; OR Chairperson Selection Committee, Benno M. Nigg, Human Performance Laboratory, The University ofCalgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, Tel: 403 2203436, Fax: 403 2843553,

26 AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 B-1

Dr. Lavon Williams has accepted a position at Northern Illinois University for Fall of 1996. Dr. Williams received her Ph.D. in 1996 from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro under the direction of Dr. Diane Gill. Dr. Williams' primary research interests involve the motivational and socializing factors influencing the perceptions and behaviors of physical activity participants.

Australian Sport Psychology Scholar Award Announcetnent

It is a pleasure to announce that the 1997 (fourth) recipient of the Australian Sport Psychology Award is Dr. Joan Duda, Department of Physical Education, Purdue University. Dr. Duda receives an all­ expenses paid trip to Australia during August-October, 1997, to give a series oflectures. interact with academic staff and students, plan future research projects with Australian academics, address the Australian Psychological Society conference (held in Cairns. Queensland), and of course, enjoy the beauty. sights. and culture of downunder. The award reflects the wish ofco-hosts to recognize the extensive contribution of selected academics for their contributions to the field of applied research. Previous award winners, from 1994 to 1996. respectively, have been Dr. Dan Gould, Dr. Robin Vealey, and Dr. Jean Williams. Co-hosts include the University of Sydney, University ofWestern Sydney, University of Wollongong, University of Canberra, the Australian Institute of Sport, Victoria University ofTechnology, Deakin University, LaTrobe University, South Australian Sport Institute, University of Western Australia. University of Queensland, and University of Southern Queensland. Congratulations, Joan• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Corrections from Fall 1996 Newsletter

....please make the following change in the Membership Directory

Robert J. Smith Biobehavioral Sciences, Inc. 1330 Beacon Street, Suite 202 Brookline, MA 02146 Office phone: (617) 738-4814

Corrections with apologies to Shelley Wiechman, whose name was spelled incorrectly in the Fall Newsletter. You can contact Shelley at: Dept. ofIntercollegiate Athletics, University ofWashington, Graves Annex, Box 354080, Seattle, WA 98195-4080

In the Burt Giges Commentary in the Fall 1996 Newsletter, two mistakes occurred. First a typographical error which reads "... runners whose performances were impaired." should be changed to ,·... n4nnerS whose performance was impaired." A second mistake results in a change ofmeaning in the first paragraph, second sentence. It read "... without having more background information from the experts on seeking assistance." It should read "... without having more background information from the person seeking assistance." We apologizefor the mistakes.

AAASP Winter 1997 - Vol. 12, Number 1 MEMBERSHIP APPliCATION FORM P1MSehan blankany informl1tum thafyou do not wi&h 10 ah~e published in the President-Elect Membership Directory. Bonnie Berger . D Robin Vealey . I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA D

,~, Health Psychology Complc:o: Mailing Address Frances Flint .., . D Carole Oglesby . D (Zip! ICo"",,,,1 Secretary-Treasurer TtI

AJ....ofSpecialiWi"" _ Student Representative Thad Leffingwell . Institution Degree Obtained From: D Bob Harmison . Current Employmeru 0< In,tituti"" Affi~ation D

Country of Permaneot EmplOyIJlClltlResi

Optimal Gender: __ ~, Female AAASP Order Form

Name: _ Address: _ InterventloniPerf01"ll'WlC< Enhancem<:nt _ Social Psychology _____(H)( _ Health P'yohology Phone (W) (

III. MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES (M•..me..llipyurJflII.l.lh£.Jlj AAASP Conference Programs @ $12.00 ea. Qty. Clue. <11«: __R• ....."I",N... M.-.__ (Applktllion r«

TotII1Amoont: __ 1994 Plo(L!io indica" if you wish loiJ< inclutkd an "",mber.

ViW Krane, Pll.D. Graduate Program Directory available from AAASP s.or