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Drastic Times Page 1 of 3 Economist.Com 1/8/2009
Economist.com Page 1 of 3 Economics focus Drastic times Jan 8th 2009 From The Economist print edition Past crises inspire little confidence about the outcome of this one for America THE good news, said Alan Blinder of Princeton University to a crowded hall on the opening day of this year’s gathering of the American Economic Association (AEA) in San Francisco, is that the stockmarket rallied yesterday. The bad news, he joked, is that it bounced on hopes that the economy’s problems would be solved at the AEA meetings. No such luck. The prevailing mood at this year’s event was one of despair, not hope. The tone of the three-day conference, which ran between January 3rd and 5th, was set on its first morning when Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard University outlined the results of new research conducted with Carmen Reinhart of the University of Maryland. The paper*, a sequel to work presented at the 2008 conference, looks at the aftermath of past financial meltdowns to gauge just how bad America’s recession might be. The analysis is based on 14 “severe” banking busts, including the Depression as well as the more recent “big- five” crises in the rich world—Spain in the late 1970s, Norway in 1987, and Finland, Japan and Sweden in the early 1990s. The sample also includes seven emerging-market crises that were left out of the earlier analysis for fear of appearing too alarmist. A year on, the authors have no such qualms. The hubristic belief in America that “we don’t have financial crises” is now obviously false, said Mr Rogoff. -
M the Official Amstrad Business Magazine
Vol. 1 No. 4 December 1986 AMSTRAD£1.25 | COMPUTING- V; ■ I mm m >■ V aL- The Official Amstrad Business Magazine The Condor 1 Commands - They couldn’t be simpler! Database Creation and Maintenance DEFINE Create, redefine or describe a database DESTROY Eliminate a database or file FORMAT Create or revise a form or HELP screen REORG Reorganize the structure of a database; add or delete items Information Input and Update APPEND Attach records of one database to another EMPTY Eliminate all data in a database ENTER Insert new data into a database POST Update entries in one database with those from another UPDATE Change entries in a J--.abase meeting specified cni Jiiitions Informations* ssingand Report Writing COMPARE ' ;v*i.*are orgies in two ■■■...•.vjfcsfa- /not) n • hing o editions and The Database Manager and Reporter. c. < RE ;• i JLT database COMPUTE . ie<: iesina You know that Caxton only publish superior software products. LIST 0; datf.'i j;,se records in Cardbox is the world’s best-selling simple electronic card index. sesjc :?-^er Brainstorm is the world’s first ideas processor. Scratchpad plus is the PRINT Pirfctf. shtab^va records in ewisr only enhanced Virtual Memory Spreadsheet available foryour PRINTER Pri; ;lei output control and Amstrad. And Touch ’n’ Go is the UK’s most highly respected disk- refection SELECT Select database records based typing T\itor. meeting specified conditions, creating a Now we present Condor 1 - Mainframe computing for your Amstrad. RESULT database SORT Sort database records by Condor 1 is an extensive database management and reporting system entries STAX View or print statistics of for the non-programmer. -
UK, the Sample Is Fairly Representative of the Entire Country
✓ Population (millions): 66,022,270 ✓ Female (% of total): 50.7% ✓ 25-29 y.o. (% of female population): 7% ✓ Area: 242,545 km² ✓ Density: 272.90 pop./km² ✓ GDP (Global): 2,624.53 Md $USD (5th) ✓ GDP (per capita): 39,720 USD /capita (28th) ✓ System: Parliamentary constitutional monarchy ✓ Head of State: Elizabeth II (Monarch since 1952), Theresa May (Prime Minister since 2016) ✓ Women in national parliament (%, Nov. 2018) : 32.2% ✓ Fertility rate: 1.83 births / woman (2014) ✓ Population growth: 0.65 % / year ✓ Life expectancy: 81 years ✓ Female: 83 years ✓ Male: 79 years ✓ Average age of women at first birth : 29.9 Source : World Bank / IMF / Interparliamentary Union ✓ Ease of doing business: 9th ✓ Starting a business (procedure, time, cost): 19th ✓ Time required to start a business: 4.5 days ✓ Unemployment: 4.3% ✓ Women: 4.2% ✓ Men: 4.4% ✓ Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%): 34% ✓ Maternity pay and leave: 52 weeks / 90% of the pay (Father: 14 days) ✓ Law ensuring women an equivalent post after maternity leave: Yes Source : World Bank / United Nations / Doing Business / PopulationData.Net /Interparliamentary Union / HuffPost / INS Global Consulting ✓ The study was conducted by Market Probe ✓ The sample was sourced via an online panel ✓ Panelists were send an e-mail invitation to the survey and could Target take the survey online Male Female 20-29 248 255 ✓ Those who entered the survey were screened on age, gender and 30-39 243 250 region (where applicable) ✓ Quota stops were put in place to ensure representation -
The Pitfalls of External Dependence: Greece, 1829-2015
BPEA Conference Draft, September 10-11, 2015 The pitfalls of external dependence: Greece, 1829-2015 Carmen M. Reinhart, Harvard University and NBER Christoph Trebesch, University of Munich and CESifo DO NOT DISTRIBUTE – EMBARGOED UNTIL 1:00 PM EST ON 9/10/2015 This draft: September 5, 2015 The Pitfalls of External Dependence: Greece, 1829-2015 Carmen M. Reinhart (Harvard University and NBER) Christoph Trebesch (University of Munich and CESifo) Abstract Two centuries of Greek debt crises highlight the pitfalls of relying on external financing. Since its independence in 1829, the Greek government has defaulted four times on its external creditors, and it was bailed out in each crisis. We show that cycles of external crises and dependence are a perennial theme of Greek modern history – with repeating patterns: prior to the default, there is a period of heavy borrowing from foreign private creditors. As repayment difficulties arise, foreign governments step in, help to repay the private creditors, and demand budget cuts and adjustment programs as a condition for the official bailout loans. Political interference from abroad mounts and a prolonged episode of debt overhang and financial autarky follows. At present, there is considerable evidence to suggest that a substantial haircut on external debt is needed to restore the economic viability of the country. Even with that, a policy priority for Greece is to reorient, to the extent possible, towards domestic sources of funding. *We wish to thank the Josefin Meyer, Michael Papaioannou, Vincent Reinhart, David Romer, and Julian Schumacher for helpful comments and Jochen Andritzky and Stellios Makrydakis for sharing the data from their studies, which we cite here. -
Egypt and the Middle East
Monitoring Study: British Media Portrayals of Egypt Author: Guy Gabriel - AMW adviser Contact details: Tel: 07815 747 729 E-mail: [email protected] Newspapers monitored: All British national daily broadsheets and tabloids, as well as the Evening Standard Monitoring period: May 2008 - May 2009 1 Table of contents: Egypt & the Middle East Regional Importance Israel Camp David Accords The Gulf Sudan Horn of Africa Diplomacy towards Palestine Before Gaza Conflict 2009 Gaza 2009 Diplomacy The Palestine Border Tunnel Economy Crossing Closures Domestic Egypt Food Religion in Society State Ideology Economy Miscellaneous Domestic Threats Emergency Rule & Internal Security Terrorism Egypt & the West Egypt as an Ally 'War on Terror' Suez Ancient Egypt Influence of Egyptian Art Other Legacies Tourism 2 Egypt & the Middle East Regional Importance Various other Middle Eastern countries are sometimes mentioned in connection with Egypt's regional influence, though very rarely those from North Africa. In terms of Egypt's standing in the Middle East as viewed by the US, a meeting in Cairo, as well as Saudi Arabia and Israel, are "necessary step[s] in the careful path Mr Obama is laying out," notes Times chief foreign affairs commentator Bronwen Maddox (29 May 2009). A "solid" Arab-Israeli peace deal "must include President Mubarak of Egypt," says Michael Levy in the same newspaper (14 May 2009). Regarding a divided Lebanon, the Arab League is "tainted by the commitment of the Saudis and Egyptians to one side rather than the other," according to an Independent editorial (13 May 2008). Egypt appointing an ambassador to Iraq generates interest "not only because it is the most populous Arab country but also because its chargé d'affaires in Baghdad was kidnapped and killed in 2005," writes Guardian Middle East editor Ian Black (2 July 2008). -
Political Party Funding
1071 Party Funding.qxd 30/11/04 11:32 Page a3 December 2004 The funding of political parties Report and recommendations 1071 Party Funding.qxd 30/11/04 11:32 Page a4 Translations and other formats For information on obtaining this publication in another language or in a large-print or Braille version please contact The Electoral Commission: Tel: 020 7271 0500 Email: [email protected] The Electoral Commission We are an independent body that was set up by the UK Parliament. We aim to gain public confidence and encourage people to take part in the democratic process within the UK by modernising the electoral process, promoting public awareness of electoral matters and regulating political parties. The funding of political parties Report and recommendations Copyright © The Electoral Commission 2004 ISBN: 1-904363-54-7 1071 Party Funding.qxd 30/11/04 11:32 Page 1 1 Contents Executive summary 3 Financial implications of limiting donations 84 Commission position 86 1Introduction 7 Political parties 7 6Public funding of political parties 89 Review process 9 Background 89 Priorities 10 Direct public funding 90 Scope 10 Indirect public funding 92 Stakeholders’ views 94 2 Attitudes towards the funding of Commission position 97 political parties 13 Reforming the policy development Research 13 grant scheme 97 Public opinion 14 New forms of public funding 98 Party activists 20 Attitudes towards implementation 23 7 The way forward 103 The importance of political parties 103 3Party income and expenditure 25 The way forward 104 The -
Coping with Disasters
KIEL WORKING PAPER Coping with Disasters: Two Centuries of International Official Lending No. 2157 June 2020 Sebastia n Horn, Carmen Reinhart and Christoph Trebesch Kiel Institute for the World Economy ISSN 1862 –1155 KIEL WORKING PAPER NO. 2157| JUNE 2020 ABSTRACT COPING WITH DISASTERS: TWO CENTURIES OF INTERNATIONAL OFFICIAL LENDING Sebastian Horn, Carmen Reinhart and Christoph Trebesch This draft: June 9, 20201 Official (government-to-government) lending is much larger than commonly known, often surpassing total private cross-border capital flows, especially during disasters such as wars, financial crises and natural catastrophes. We assemble the first comprehensive long-run dataset of official international lending, covering 230,000 loans, grants and guarantees extended by governments, central banks, and multilateral institutions in the period 1790-2015. Historically, wars have been the main catalyst of government-to-government transfers. The scale of official credits granted in and around WW1 and WW2 was particularly large, easily surpassing the scale of total international bailout lending after the 2008 crash. During peacetime, development finance and financial crises are the main drivers of official cross-border finance, with official flows often stepping in when private flows retrench. In line with the predictions of recent theoretical contributions, we find that official lending increases with the degree of economic integration. In crises and disasters, governments help those countries to which they have greater trade and banking exposure, hoping to reduce the collateral damage to their own economies. Since the 2000s, official finance has made a sharp comeback, largely due to the rise of China as an international creditor and the return of central bank cross-border lending in times of stress, this time in the form of swap lines. -
Does the Daily Paper Rule Britannia’:1 the British Press, British Public Opinion, and the End of Empire in Africa, 1957-60
The London School of Economics and Political Science ‘Does the Daily Paper rule Britannia’:1 The British press, British public opinion, and the end of empire in Africa, 1957-60 Rosalind Coffey A thesis submitted to the International History Department of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, August 2015 1 Taken from a reader’s letter to the Nyasaland Times, quoted in an article on 2 February 1960, front page (hereafter fp). All newspaper articles which follow were consulted at The British Library Newspaper Library. 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99, 969 words. 2 Abstract This thesis examines the role of British newspaper coverage of Africa in the process of decolonisation between 1957 and 1960. It considers events in the Gold Coast/Ghana, Kenya, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, South Africa, and the Belgian Congo/Congo. -
Austerity, Affluence and Discontent: Britain, 1951-1979
Austerity, Affluence and Discontent: britain, 1951-1979 Part 5: “The civilised society” - changing attitudes to authority in the 1950s and 1960s Source 1: Striking workers at the British Leyland car plant, Oxford, in the 1970s 2 Austerity, Affluence and Discontent 1951-1979: Part 5 Did the UK become a more ‘permissive society’ during the 1950s and 1960s? Attitudes towards authority The 1968 film If… showed the strict and traditional workings of a boys’ boarding school. Unlike earlier films which used this as the setting for a story about how great the UK had been in the past, the film’s director Lindsay Anderson intended to convey a different message. The climax of the film features a rebel group of boys attacking the school’s Founder’s Day assembly with machine guns and hand grenades. This reflects a change in people’s attitudes towards the elite who ran the country during the 1950s and 1960s – many stopped taking their leaders so seriously and began to question whether or not they were making the right decisions for the people of the UK. 1) What was ‘The Establishment’? ‘The Establishment’ were the privileged elite in UK society who shared similar public school backgrounds or went to Oxbridge. This was sometimes called the ‘old school tie’ network. They were the aristocracy, barristers and High Court judges, high-ranking civil servants and diplomats, Anglican bishops and officers in the Armed Forces. Members of this elite group dominated the Conservative governments of the 1950s and 1960s. Harold Macmillan’s Cabinet included six titled aristocrats and Alec Douglas-Home’s Cabinet had ten Etonians, and out of twenty-three ministers, only three had not been to a public school.1 The old class system based on wealth and inherited titles, defending old-fashioned ideas like imperialism or the importance of the arts rather than science and technology, seemed much less relevant to the UK in the 1950s. -
Labour's Last Fling on Constitutional Reform
| THE CONSTITUTION UNIT NEWSLETTER | ISSUE 43 | SEPTEMBER 2009 | MONITOR LABOUR’S LAST FLING ON CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN THIS ISSUE Gordon Brown’s bold plans for constitutional constitutional settlement …We will work with the reform continue to be dogged by bad luck and bad British people to deliver a radical programme of PARLIAMENT 2 - 3 judgement. The bad luck came in May, when the democratic and constitutional reform”. MPs’ expenses scandal engulfed Parliament and government and dominated the headlines for a Such rhetoric also defies political reality. There is EXECUTIVE 3 month. The bad judgement came in over-reacting a strict limit on what the government can deliver to the scandal, promising wide ranging reforms before the next election. The 2009-10 legislative which have nothing to do with the original mischief, session will be at most six months long. There PARTIES AND ELECTIONS 3-4 and which have limited hope of being delivered in is a risk that even the modest proposals in the the remainder of this Parliament. Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill will not pass. It was not introduced until 20 July, DEVOLUTION 4-5 The MPs’ expenses scandal broke on 8 May. As the day before the House rose for the summer the Daily Telegraph published fresh disclosures recess. After a year’s delay, the only significant day after day for the next 25 days public anger additions are Part 3 of the bill, with the next small HUMAN RIGHTS 5 mounted. It was not enough that the whole steps on Lords reform (see page 2); and Part 7, to issue of MPs’ allowances was already being strengthen the governance of the National Audit investigated by the Committee on Standards in Office. -
Never Had It So Good : a History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles Pdf, Epub, Ebook
NEVER HAD IT SO GOOD : A HISTORY OF BRITAIN FROM SUEZ TO THE BEATLES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Dominic Sandbrook | 928 pages | 04 May 2006 | Little, Brown Book Group | 9780349115306 | English | London, United Kingdom Never Had It So Good : A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles PDF Book About this product Product Information A fresh, enlightening and comprehensive history of Britain in the early s by a supremely talented young historian. Both volumes contain a lot of pure information, which is why I read them. TV with Auntie. He explores the growth of a modern consumer society, the impact of immigration, the invention of modern pop music, and the Britis Arguing that historians have been besotted by the cultural revolution of the Sixties, Dominic Sandbrook re-examines the myths of this controversial period and paints a more complicated picture of a society caught between conservatism and change. It could hardly have gone better. Condition: UsedAcceptable. View 2 comments. Five weeks before, the paper had confidently predicted that Britain would never defy world opinion and launch an invasion. In the Suez Crisis finally shattered the old myths o. Most relevant reviews. Namespaces Article Talk. Whatever the Government now does, it cannot undo its air attacks on Egypt Sandbrook manages to show the entanglement of the two in a much more vivid way. The prospect of National Service was a pain, but at least you knew there was a good job waiting for you when you finished. In this book, he references some aspects of social history that he will cover in detail in subsequent volumes and this is sensible. -
Broadcasting in the UK and US in the 1950S
Broadcasting in the UK and US in the 1950s Broadcasting in the UK and US in the 1950s: Historical Perspectives Edited by Jamie Medhurst, Siân Nicholas and Tom O’Malley Broadcasting in the UK and US in the 1950s: Historical Perspectives Edited by Jamie Medhurst, Siân Nicholas and Tom O’Malley This book first published 2016 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2016 by Jamie Medhurst, Siân Nicholas, Tom O’Malley and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-8899-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-8899-8 CONTENTS Contributors ............................................................................................... vii Editors ........................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................... xi List of illustrations .................................................................................... xiii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Jamie Medhurst and Tom O’Malley Chapter Two ...............................................................................................