Volume 9, Number 12, December 2003

Selected Highlights of the Last Year Q & A With Dr. Peikoff on [Unless otherwise noted, the data cited here and in 2003: A Year of the accompanying story refer to ARI’s fiscal year, His Two New Courses which runs from October to September.] Significant Growth Editor’s Note: At the Objectivist Summer Con- Essay Contests, Campus Projects for ARI ference in July, Dr. completed n Combined total of entries to and his course “Induction in Physics and Philoso- Fountainhead high school essay contests: On the editorial pages of hundreds of newspapers phy.” This historic course presented, “for the 13,985, a 34 percent increase since last year and and on television and radio programs; in corpo- first time, the Objectivist solution to the problem the highest-ever total. rate boardrooms and in high school and college of induction—and thereby completes, in every n Under our new books-to-teachers program, we classrooms; in bookstores across America and essential respect, the validation of reason.” The have sent more than 9,000 free copies of Anthem worldwide on the Internet—untold numbers of implications of the course are far-reaching and and to teachers who plan to people are being introduced to ’s profound. One of Dr. Peikoff’s radical con- teach the books. books and ideas, thanks to the work of the clusions is that (apart from mathematics) the n Thousands of college students, professors and . “same process of induction is essential to every members of the public attended ARI-sponsored Through various programs, ARI is doing rational field—and that, as a result, truth in any lectures at such campuses as Harvard, Stanford, much to help promote in the cul- such field, including philosophy, possesses the UCLA and Michigan. The total number of live ture. In 2003 some of our programs underwent same objectivity as that of physics, the archetype lectures reached a new high of 59. major growth, enabling us to reach many more of science itself.” people than ever before. (See also the sidebar.) Impact is pleased to feature the following Book Promotions Nearly 14,000 high school students transcription of an interview in which Dr. Pei- n In the calendar year 2002, the sales of Ayn entered our essay contests on Anthem and The koff discusses the issue of induction and the Rand’s books continued to grow. The total Fountainhead, an increase of 34 percent over last development of his new course, which is pub- yearly sales now exceed 500,000 copies; Atlas year and the highest total in the history of the lished and made available this month on audio- Shrugged alone accounted for about 150,000 contests. (The cumulative number of entries for tape and CD by the Ayn Rand Bookstore copies. all ARI essay contests is more than 115,000.) (1-800-729-6149; www.aynrandbookstore.com). n Ayn Rand’s books were prominently featured Some portion of that increase was the result a The interview also covers a second, very differ- in summer reading displays at such major new program in which we send free copies of ent course that Dr. Peikoff will soon be offering bookstores as Barnes & Noble and Borders. the novels to teachers who are eager to teach the through ARI. books but cannot afford to buy them. * * * Outreach In the fall of 2003 we began expanding the Impact: In your 2001 lecture at Ford Hall ARI Lecture Series 2003 featured talks by Dr. n books-to-teachers program. In the initial pro- Forum you talked about a book that you were Leonard Peikoff, Dr. and others. gram, launched in 2002, we distributed 9,000 working on, The One in the Many: How to Cre- The total attendance for the six-lecture series free books. The aim now is to blanket the ate It and Why. Did your work on it pave the was on the order of 1,500 people. nation’s schools, offering free books to as many way for your new course on induction? ARI acquired and is now running Second n teachers as we can afford to contact. With the Leonard Peikoff: Yes, it did. The One in Renaissance, Inc., the company that operates generous support of ARI donors who have spon- the Many was a study of the role of integration the Ayn Rand Bookstore and which puts on sored classroom sets of books for entire cities, in cognition, and then in practical life. While Objectivist conferences. counties and states, we have already sent flyers working on it, I very quickly discovered that The Objectivist Summer Conference 2003, a n offering books to 37,000 teachers. once we have formed concepts, the crucial act two-week event featuring upwards of 30 hours The long-term goal of the essay contests of integration—which makes all other knowl- of courses, was held in July in Industry Hills, and the allied books-to-teachers program is to edge possible—is putting together observed California. make Ayn Rand’s works permanent fixtures instances into generalizations which go beyond in school curricula. These programs form part the instances we’ve seen. That process is induc- In the Media of our broader effort to promote Miss Rand’s ARI editorials were published 991 times in tion. I therefore planned to include a chapter n books in the culture. various publications, of which 470 were Web- on induction, explaining how this crucial kind According to the most recent figures based periodicals. of integration is performed. But in the course available (for 2002), the sales of her books are Key newspapers that published ARI of writing that chapter I realized that I didn’t n continuing to grow; the total sales of all titles commentaries: The Orange County Register, know the answer. So I decided to take time in all formats is now more than 500,000 copies Houston Chronicle, San Francisco Chronicle, off from the book to discover how induction per year. To add to this steady growth, ARI New York Post and Philadelphia Inquirer works. has been working with Penguin, the publisher, continued on page 3 (among others). on various promotional campaigns. One Our speakers took part in 22 television n example is the annual summer reading program interviews, including appearances on C-SPAN, in which bookstores such as Barnes & Noble PBS, Fox News Channel and CNN. prominently display copies of , Total airtime of radio and television interviews: n The Fountainhead, Anthem and . Inside this Issue 7,557 minutes. From the Ayn Rand Archives: Another example, which Impact reported on n Under a new program, dozens of letters-to-the- Two New Books Coming Soon page 2 n last month, is 10 half-page advertisements for editor written by ARI writers have appeared Atlas Shrugged in the Financial Times. The ads, n Discovering Ayn Rand’s Philosophy— in such periodicals as USA Today, Newsweek, which offer discounts on bulk orders, encourage On Epistemology page 2 Chicago Sun-Times, La Opinion and The businessmen to buy copies of Atlas to distribute Information on a new lecture course by Financial Times. n Dr. Peikoff page 3 continued on page 4 From the Ayn Rand Archives: Two New Books Coming Soon

Occasionally Impact takes a look at documents, photographs and other items on deposit in the Ayn Rand Archives, a special collection of the Ayn Rand Institute.

We are pleased to announce the forthcoming publication of two new books: Ayn Rand: An “It is the task of epistemology to provide Illustrated Biography by , archivist On Epistemology the answer to the ‘How?’—which then enables of the Ayn Rand Archives, and Essays on Ayn the special sciences to provide answers to the Rand’s “We the Living,” edited by Dr. Robert Each month Impact suggests readings for fans of ‘What?’” Mayhew. The bulk of the primary sources that Ayn Rand’s fiction who wish to learn more about Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology is the writers relied upon—such as letters from Ayn her philosophy, Objectivism. Ayn Rand’s statement of her revolutionary Rand’s family, her notes and correspondence, ecause man is neither omniscient nor theory of knowledge, in which she explains how scripts and various other documents—came from B infallible, he must discover how to acquire man’s conceptual knowledge can be objective. the Ayn Rand Archives. knowledge. He needs to find out what he To understand the Objectivist epistemology is to In Ayn Rand: An Illustrated Biography, Mr. can consider knowledge and how to prove gain a deeper appreciation of how Objectivism Britting eloquently and compactly recounts Miss his conclusions. Objectivism’s epistemology— is a systematic philosophy of reason. Rand’s life and achievements. Judging from the theory of knowledge—begins by looking at the Here are some readings that can serve as galley proofs, the book will be about 125 pages facts of reality and the nature of man. preparation for and supplements to your reading long and replete with archival photographs (more Ayn Rand wrote: “Man is a being of of Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology. than a hundred), many of which have never volitional consciousness: beyond the level of Chapter 3 of Objectivism: The Philosophy before been published. In February Overlook percepts—a level inadequate to the cognitive of Ayn Rand by Dr. Peikoff provides an Press is scheduled to bring out the book in a requirements of his survival—man has to introduction to key aspects of Ayn Rand’s theory lavish hardcover edition. acquire knowledge by his own effort, which he of concept-formation. Dr. Gary Hull has written Mr. Britting began studying Ayn Rand’s may exercise or not, and by a process of reason, a study guide to the latter book, which includes papers in 1993 while working on a documentary which he may apply correctly or not. Nature hundreds of essay-type questions. film about her life, Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life, gives him no automatic guarantee of his mental Dr. Peikoff’s “Advanced Topics on which was nominated for an Academy Award in efficacy; he is capable of error, of evasion, of Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand” 1998. Since 1995 he has been the archivist at the psychological distortion. He needs a method of is a graduate-level course which discusses, Ayn Rand Institute, managing her personal papers cognition, which he himself has to discover: he among other topics, Objectivist epistemology. and the acquisition of related collections. In the must discover how to use his rational faculty, “Abstraction From Abstractions” is a taped coming months Impact will report on his book at how to set the criteria of what he may accept lecture course by Dr. that greater length. as knowledge. Two questions are involved in his looks at some important aspects of Ayn Essays ’s “We the Living,” an every conclusion, conviction, decision, choice or Rand’s theory. See also the sections headed important new collection edited by Dr. Robert claim: What do I know?—and: How do I know “Epistemology,” “Concepts” and “Concept- Mayhew, is also due out in February. We are it? Formation” in the Ayn Rand Lexicon. pleased to reproduce the preface, which describes the topic of each essay and the organization of the book (below). The book will be published in paperback and cloth binding by Lexington Books its autobiographical nature, its reception, and its background to We the Living—it plays a more (www.lexingtonbooks.com). afterlife. Part 1 of this volume is devoted to the significant role than in any of Ayn Rand’s other Several of the contributors to the collection history of We the Living. The opening essay is novels. Michael Berliner’s “The Music of We are on the staff of ARI: Dr. Michael Berliner, Shoshana Milgram’s “From Airtight to We the Living” provides detailed information on this senior archives advisor; Jeff Britting, archivist; the Living: The Drafts of Ayn Rand’s First music, almost all of which was actual music Ayn Dr. , senior fellow; Scott McConnell, Novel,” which discusses the evolution of We the Rand was exposed to while living in Russia. archives researcher; and Richard Ralston, Living (originally entitled Airtight) through an The remaining essays in Part 1 examine publishing manager. examination of the drafts of the novel. what happened to We the Living once it Dr. Mayhew, a frequent speaker at Objectivist The next four essays show, in different ways, was written. Richard Ralston’s “Publishing We conferences, is an associate professor of how the events, characters, and details of We the Living” describes Ayn Rand’s struggles philosophy at Seton Hall University and editor of the Living accurately portray and parallel the during the 1930s—in the face of ideological (among others) Ayn Rand’s Marginalia and The reality of Soviet Russia in the mid-1920s, opposition—to find a publisher for the novel. We Art of Nonfiction by Ayn Rand. the Living was the most widely reviewed of Ayn Rand’s novels; Michael Berliner’s “Reviews of We the Living” surveys dozens of these Preface to Essays on Ayn Rand’s reviews. Jeff Britting’s “Adapting We the Living” “We the Living” describes in detail its two adaptations: the Broadway play, The Unconquered, and the Given the literary quality and philosophical depth pirated pair of Italian films, Noi Vivi and Addio of Ayn Rand’s fiction, the contrast between the Kira. A revised edition of We the Living was popularity of her novels on the one hand, and published in 1959; Ayn Rand made over 3000 the scholarly attention they have received on the revisions in preparing it. My essay “We the other, is remarkable. Annual sales of Ayn Rand’s Living: ’36 & ’59” surveys the changes she books have recently reached the half million made, and offers a detailed discussion of those mark; in total, over 22 million copies have been revisions that might seem to reveal a change in sold. Her first novel, We the Living—the focus philosophical outlook. of this collection—has remained in print since Ayn Rand was a novelist-philosopher, and its reissue in 1959, and sold over three these two aspects of her life and literary works million copies. But the attention her fiction has Cover of the 1936 edition cannot easily be separated. The seven essays that received in academia is virtually non-existent. For make up the second part of this collection attest example, in the case of We the Living, scholarly the novel’s setting. Scott McConnell’s “Parallel to this. Part 2 begins with the essays whose discussion has been confined, almost exclusively, Lives: Models and Inspirations for Characters in emphasis is literary, and ends with those more to reference works, and until now, there has been We the Living” describes the extent to which philosophical in focus. no book length study. One conviction uniting certain characters in the novel were based on The first two essays provide an excellent the contributors to this collection is that this is people whom Ayn Rand knew. Dina Schein transition from the history of Ayn Rand’s first an unfortunate gap in the study of 20th century Garmong’s “We the Living and the Rosenbaum novel, to its nature as a literary work. Victor literature and thought. The present collection Family Letters” examines the connection between Hugo was Ayn Rand’s favorite writer; We the represents a first step towards filling this gap. the events and details of the novel, and the Living is her most Hugo-like novel. These facts * * * description of life in the Soviet Union found in are made clear in Shoshana Milgram’s “We the We the Living was written in the decade after the letters Ayn Rand received from her family Living and Victor Hugo: Ayn Rand’s First Novel Ayn Rand left Soviet Russia—during America’s (in Russia) during the period she wrote We the and the Novelist She Ranked First.” In 1931, “Red Decade”—and she said it is the nearest to Living. John Ridpath’s “Russian Revolutionary while working on We the Living, Ayn Rand an autobiography that she would ever write. It Ideology and We the Living” describes the wrote a movie original entitled —her is therefore no surprise that there is a great deal political philosophy that provides the ideological only other work of fiction set in Russia. Jena to say about the history of this work: its origins, background to the novel, and the history that Trammell’s “Red Pawn: Ayn Rand’s Other Story gave rise to it. Music is an important part of the continued on page 4 2 Q & A With Dr. Leonard Peikoff on His Two New Courses

(continued from page 1) maximum benefit from your new course? For a long time, I thought that my explanation LP: Number one on the list would be of would be just a chapter in the book, but it finally course Introduction to Objectivist Epistemol- took on such a huge dimension that it overshad- ogy, because my theory of induction is an owed the original book and became a book on application of Ayn Rand’s theory of concept its own. formation. So if you want to take my new Impact: Philosophers have long struggled course, you ought to be completely familiar with the problem of induction; could you with ITOE. My book Objectivism: The Philoso- explain briefly what the problem is and what phy of Ayn Rand would be helpful, especially fields it applies to? Did you originally think that the part on epistemology, because that would the issue of induction presented a legitimate give you a general orientation. problem? Speaking of lecture courses now, “Objectiv- LP: It is definitely a legitimate problem ism Through Induction” would be valuable, sim- that requires an answer, because induction is ply because in it there are many concrete illustra- altogether different from deduction. In deduc- tions of induction in philosophy. And I would tion, there’s no controversy as to whether cer- strongly recommend Dave Harriman’s course on tain premises do or do not lead to certain the history of physics, which is now available conclusions. But in induction, you infer from The DIM Hypothesis: for sale, because it was through taking that a few instances to a general conclusion that The Epistemological Mechanics by Which course from him that I got all my key ideas applies to an unlimited number of cases, in regard to induction. My new course, though including countless ones that you never Philosophy Shapes Society self-contained, includes a lot of physics, and the have observed and that you never will. A 15-session course—part-lecture, part-discussion—by only place that anyone can get a proper physics For example, suppose you generalized from Dr. Leonard Peikoff background is from Dave’s course. the behavior of some observed material objects Impact: Do you plan to write a book draw- This course explains and explores Dr. Peikoff’s to the claim that the force exerted by every new DIM Hypothesis, applying it to ten different ing upon the material in your course? such object—in the entire universe throughout cultural areas, as listed below. The hypothesis LP: I have asked Dave Harriman to write all times—is a product of mass times accelera- identifies and distinguishes three types of mind: the book, which would be a development from tion; how can you justify such an inference? the mind characterized by I (Integration); by D my new course on induction. One reason for On the face of it the conclusion seems to go far (Disintegration); or by M (Misintegration). In that is that Dave knows physics as an expert beyond the evidence. So, what justifies some the sessions, Dr. Peikoff points out how all and I have just the beginner’s knowledge that inductions and makes others invalid? That in of the influential movements in the areas he taught me. I’m going to be involved in the essence is the problem of induction, and what a included reflect—and could only have been cre- book in various ways, and there are certain proper theory of induction has to answer. ated by—one or another of these three mind sets. passages or chapters on philosophy, yet to be As to what fields induction applies If enhancing your understanding of today's world determined, that I’m going to write. So in to—absolutely every field. Mathematics is the is an important concern of yours, Dr. Peikoff effect it is going to be a joint project, but believes that you will find a DIM perspective on one possible exception; I don’t have enough most of the actual writing, as it is presently events to be of significant value. specialized knowledge of math to judge. But conceived, will be done by Dave Harriman. every other field—philosophy emphatically 1. Trichotomies in Philosophy. Why are they so Impact: Can you predict when the book included—gains its knowledge by induction. numerous and which one(s) are fundamental? will come to fruition? Deduction is then the application of new 2. Integration. The One in the Many. Integration LP: For a project of that complexity, I think knowledge to a particular case. as the essence of human cognition from start it is optimistic to say five years. Impact: Ayn Rand said that she needed to to finish. The role of analysis as against Impact: What is your estimate of the new know about the industrial revolution to reach her synthesis. course on induction? what do you think Ayn key identifications about the role of reason in 3. The DIM Hypothesis. A new trichotomy Rand’s view of it would be? man’s life. Do you think that, in your study of defining men’s different policies in regard to LP: My view is that it took serious intel- induction, you needed a similar historical study? integration. ligence and a real understanding of Objectiv- LP: Absolutely. Ayn Rand herself always 4. DIM in Philosophy. Plato/Hegel, Spinoza, ism to reach the ideas in my course. But I also said that you could not deal with the problem Hume, Kant, and “the three A’s.” think that anybody who really understands Ayn of induction without knowing the history of 5. DIM in Literature. Atlas Shrugged, and then Rand and who has the motivation and long- physics. You can’t just make things up out of down—to the bottom. range commitment would be able to reach the thin air or by deduction from A is A; you have 6. DIM in Physics. Newton to Einstein and conclusions I did in the course. to observe the process of induction at work and quantum mechanics. My theory is an application of principles then try to abstract the method. To do that you 7. DIM in Historiography. Current trends vs. that Ayn Rand already laid down. I am sure need to study a body of legitimate inductions. The Ominous Parallels. she would agree with my course. But if she There is no subject that is the equal of physics 8. DIM in Politics. Five answers to: What is the were to return to earth and hear my course, in providing that kind of material. All other nature and purpose of a state? I myself don’t know whether she would say, scientific subjects are reducible to physics, and “Leonard, how brilliant!” or “Leonard, how 9. DIM in Law. The application of the five the humanities have never reached the stage answers to the nature and purpose of law. obvious!” I have no guess as to what she of acquiring reliable knowledge. So you have would say. 10. DIM in Child-Raising. What is a good to go to the single, reliable source across the Impact: A final question, going back to The parent—and his/her most prevalent centuries—and that is physics. alternatives? One in the Many. Do you ever plan to resume Impact: How does your new course relate work on that book? 11. DIM in Education. What is a good school? to the 1998 course “Objectivism Through What are its main alternatives today, and why LP: Definitely. In fact, I have recently Induction”? Is the new one an elaboration of are they so popular? decided to complete and publish by itself the OTI? book’s second half. This deals not with inte- 12. DIM in Regard to Men’s Psychology and LP: No. The OTI course was an illustration Character. The basic kinds of men, according gration as an epistemological issue, but with of the process of induction using key Objectiv- to the DIM hypothesis. its application to cultural and practical life. ist principles as the examples. I had no clear The book is called The DIM Hypothesis, 13. DIM in History. Examples from idea at the time I gave that course of the pre-Greece through today. because my thesis is that the dominant trends exact method of induction nor how I would in every key area can be defined by their lead- 14. Overview and Discussion. validate the method, although I had a general- ers’ policy toward integration: they are against ized idea. The course was of great value to 15. Conclusion. What will the U.S. be tomorrow: it (Disintegration, D); they are for it, if it con- D, I, or M? students because it indicated to them how you forms to reality (Integration, I); they are for can grasp Objectivism from observation; so it it, regardless of its relation to reality (Misin- was a great tie of Objectivism to reality. But it Editor’s Note: This course, which will be tegration, M). So I am now properly called conducted by teleconference, is scheduled to was not a course on the method of induction a “DIMwit”—“wit” meaning “intelligence” in begin on Thursday, February 5, 2004 in in the sense that would apply to every subject, the evening (Pacific Standard Time). Each older English. including philosophy. In that sense my new of the sessions will be 90 minutes long. The book will take a few years to write. course is not an elaboration of OTI, although The schedule and the registration fee will But through ARI I am offering a course on it derived from my interest in induction, which be announced this month on our Web site its essential content starting in February. So was what gave birth to the OTI course. (www.aynrand.org), and in the January issue if anybody wants to know more about these Impact: What books or courses would you of Impact. ideas, that’s the place to start. recommend that one study in order to derive the 3 script of Ayn Rand: An Illustrated Biography. Preface to Essays on Ayn Rand’s “We 2003: A Year of Significant Growth Mr. Britting and other ARI staff members wrote the Living,” continued from page 2 for ARI, continued from page 1 articles for a new collection edited by Dr. Robert of Soviet Russia” describes the history of Red to their employees. A related letter sent by Pen- Mayhew, Essays on Ayn Rand’s “We The Liv- Pawn and what the writing of it tells us about the guin to 5,000 top executives reiterated the same ing” (see related story to learn more about these development of Ayn Rand’s literary esthetics, and suggestion. forthcoming books). Also, the manuscript of compares Red Pawn and We the Living. Businessmen are the special focus of several 100 Voices: An Oral History of Ayn Rand—yet Besides being a novelist, Ayn Rand Institute projects. Perhaps the most significant another book drawing upon the resources of the developed an original, systematic philosophy— is the new executive training program that Archives—was completed this year. Objectivism—which includes an esthetics or the Institute was commissioned to create and Commenting on ARI’s activities in 2003, philosophy of art. In her literary esthetics, she deploy at Hutchinson Technology, Inc., a pub- executive director said: “This was describes the four essential attributes of a novel: licly traded high-tech corporation. a phenomenal and thrilling year for the Institute. theme, plot, characterization, and style. As the The explicit goal of the course at Hutchin- We’re moving from strength to strength and title of his essay suggests, ’s son is to apply Ayn Rand’s philosophy of Objec- introducing many more people to Ayn Rand. “The Integration of Plot and Theme in We the tivism to business—to illustrate how Objectiv- All of our projects contribute toward achieving Living” discusses the first two of these attributes, ism is a means to success. The first few modules ARI’s long-range goal of spreading Objectivism, and how they are intimately connected in Ayn of the two-year training program were launched of changing the culture to one that is based on Rand’s first novel. Many of the essays in both this year. The Institute is exploring the possibil- reason. Though the state of our present culture sections of this collection treat characterization, ity of offering similar training programs to other may be deteriorating, I view ARI’s successes so at least indirectly. John Lewis’s “Kira’s Family” corporations and as part of university MBA pro- far as grounds for optimism. We need to keep deals with it especially, focusing on a set of grams. pushing forward.” secondary—though important—characters: four On the academic front, ARI continues to In support of our projects, we received members of Kira’s family. Though no one essay invest considerable resources to find, train and $3,517,000 in contributions from donors—a is devoted to We the Living’s style, elements support new Objectivist intellectuals. This year 6.4 percent increase over last year and the of its style are discussed in both of Shoshana we supported two book projects, issued three highest amount since the Institute was founded. Milgram’s essays, and to some extent in my graduate-student grants, and awarded more than Dr. Brook added: “ARI works on behalf of essay “Kira Argounova Laughed: Humor and Joy a dozen scholarships to students in the Institute’s its donors to spread Ayn Rand’s ideas. I’m grate- in We the Living.” This latter also deals with Objectivist Academic Center. The OAC deployed ful to our donors for their ardent and generous a unique aspect of Ayn Rand’s philosophy—the the third year of its four-year undergraduate pro- support, which makes the Institute’s successes Benevolent Universe Premise—and how such an gram, and enrolled a new class of students. possible.” outlook is consistent with the tragic nature of We (Also noteworthy in 2003 was the success of the Living. the Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholar- Ayn Rand’s later writings on philosophy ship, an organization independent of ARI but would include technical works on epistemology, sharing in the Institute’s goals. The Foundation Impact is published monthly by the Ayn Rand® Institute (ARI) and metaphysics, and meta-ethics. At the time she established a new fellowship for Objectivist is complimentary to current donors who contribute $35 or more per wrote We the Living, however, her explicit scholarship at the University of Pittsburgh, a year. For information on how you can support ARI and to learn philosophy consisted primarily of moral and highly influential school.) about our projects, please visit our Web site: www.aynrand.org. political philosophy. This is the focus of the final The Ayn Rand Archives, a special collection Editor: Copy Editor: Donna Montrezza Editorial Advisors: Dr. Yaron Brook, Mark Chapman, Anu Seppala two essays in the collection. (Dealing as they do of the Institute, was particularly active in 2003. Designer: Simon Federman Printing: David Antonacci with philosophical issues, they also touch on the In addition to assisting a number of scholars Headquarters: 2121 Alton Parkway, Suite 250 novel’s theme.) ’s “Forbidding Life to with research on Miss Rand’s life and thought, Irvine, CA 92606-4926 Phone: 949-222-6550 Fax: 949-222-6558 Those Still Living” describes how We the Living Jeff Britting, our archivist, completed the manu- © The Ayn Rand Institute 2003. All rights reserved. Not to be portrays the devastating effects of collectivism on reproduced without permission. human life. In the Foreword to the revised edition of We the Living, Ayn Rand writes: “In Atlas Shrugged, I show why men are motivated either by a life premise or a death premise. In We the Announcements Living, I show only that they are.” Onkar Ghate’s Employment Opportunity ARI is seeking a full- essay, “The Death Premise in We the Living time Customer Service Assistant to work in and Atlas Shrugged,” discusses how this premise our Irvine, CA, office. This entry level position is presented in We the Living and what Atlas is available immediately. For a job description Shrugged reveals about its source. and information on how to apply, please visit: * * * www.aynrand.org/employment.html. The contributors to this collection see these essays as part of an exploration and celebration Year-End Tax Reminder Fight bad government programs—don’t finance them. If you itemize of Ayn Rand’s life, thought, and fiction. There deductions on your tax return, you can “con- is no better time for such an enterprise than the tribute” less to the government at tax time by present—as we approach the 100th anniversary making a gift to ARI now. Your gift of cash of Ayn Rand’s birth (February 2, 2005), the or long-term securities is fully deductible at popularity of her novels and the influence of her current market value—and you will never pay philosophy continue to grow—and there is no capital gain tax on appreciated securities con- better place to begin than at the beginning, that is, tributed to ARI. Gifts must be completed with her first novel, We the Living. by December 31 to qualify for a deduction on your 2003 tax return. For details, please [Reprinted with permission; copyright contact Kathy Cross at 310-876-1633 or Lexington Books] [email protected].

Happy Holidays From the ARI Staff

Seated (L–R): Dr. Yaron Brook, Julie Repass, Anu Seppala, Mark Chapman. First row, standing: David Holcberg, Jason Sagall, Marilee Dragsdahl, Debi Ghate, Rachel Knapp, Banu Ates. Back rows: Dr. Keith Lockitch, Sean Green, Ben Bayer, Duane Knight, Matt Ludin, Mark Wortkotter, Simon Federman, Larry Benson, Dr. Onkar Ghate, Dan Norton, David Gulbraa, Elan Journo. Not shown: David Antonacci, Marc Baer, Dr. Michael Berliner, Jeff Britting, Kathy Cross, Andrew Lewis, Donna Montrezza, Scott McConnell, Richard Ralston. 4