Proyecto De Declaracin

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Proyecto De Declaracin Senado de la Nación Secretaria Parlamentaria Dirección General de Publicaciones (S-0493/11) PROYECTO DE DECLARACIÓN El Senado de la Nación, DECLARA: Su beneplácito por el descubrimiento por parte de investigadores del Conicet de un nuevo ejemplar de dinosaurio llamado “Leonerasaurus taquetrensis”, que permite completar uno de los eslabones más importantes en la historia evolutiva de los Sauropodomorpha. Pablo Verani. - FUNDAMENTOS Señor presidente: Un reciente trabajo publicado en la revista científica PLOS One muestra el descubrimiento de los restos de un nuevo dinosaurio llamado “Leonerasaurus taquetrensis”, que completa uno de los huecos más importantes en la historia evolutiva de los Sauropodomorpha: la transición entre los primitivos prosaurópodos y los gigantes saurópodos. Los saurópodos son uno de los grupos de dinosaurios más conocidos: herbívoros gigantes de cuatro patas, de largo cuello y larga cola, que habitaron la Tierra durante el Jurásico y el Cretácico. Fueron los más grandes animales terrestres que hayan existido. Pero no siempre fueron así. Los saurópodos evolucionaron a partir de especies mucho más pequeñas, gráciles y bípedas conocidas como “prosaurópodos”. Sin embargo, para los científicos todavía no estaba clara la cadena de transformaciones evolutivas entre los primitivos prosaurópodos y los gigantes saurópodos, ya que no se habían encontrado formas intermedias en el registro fósil -los llamados “eslabones perdidos”-, lo que no les permitía comprender del todo los orígenes de los gigantes herbívoros. Aunque muchas de sus características indicarían que el Leonerasaurus es un pequeño dinosaurio sauropodomorfo de aproximadamente tres metros de largo, “detalles de su dentadura y anatomía pélvica sugieren que se encuentra mucho más próximo al origen de los saurópodos que los prosaurópodos conocidos previamente”, señalaron los científicos a cargo de la investigación. El grupo Sauropodomorpha es uno de los tres principales grupos de dinosaurios. Dentro de él encontramos a los prosaurópodos y a los saurópodos. Los prosaurópodos eran sauropodomorfos primitivos, bípedos, herbívoros, de cráneo bajo y alargado, con dientes de márgenes aserrados. Podían medir entre 2 y 9 metros y tenían el cuello largo pero no tanto como los saurópodos. Vivieron en todo el mundo, incluso en la Antártida, entre el Triásico superior (220 millones de años atrás) y el Jurásico inferior (180 millones de años). Los saurópodos fueron los sauropodomorfos más evolucionados. Eran herbívoros como sus antecesores pero, a diferencia de ellos, eran cuadrúpedos, de cuello mucho más largo y cráneo corto y alto provisto de dientes en forma de cuchara y sin márgenes aserrados. En la pelvis tenían cuatro o más vértebras sacras, mientras que los prosaurópodos poseían dos o tres. Eran mucho más grandes, su tamaño oscilaba entre 15 y 35 metros de largo. También habitaron en todo el mundo. Comenzaron a diversificarse durante el Jurásico inferior y para el Jurásico medio (160 millones de años) ya habían reemplazado a sus primitivos parientes. Dominaron los nichos ecológicos de los grandes herbívoros hasta el fin del mesozoico, cuando se extinguieron los dinosaurios. Hasta hoy se han descrito cerca de cien especies de saurópodos. Entre los más conocidos están, por ejemplo, el Argentinosaurus, el Patagosaurus y el Amargasaurus, todos de Argentina, o el Brachiosaurus, el Camarasaurus y el Diplodocus, éstos de Norteamérica. Todas estas especies son mucho más recientes y evolucionadas en comparación al Leonerasaurus y los saurópodos más primitivos. El Leonerasaurus tiene una serie de características intermedias entre los saurópodos y los prosaurópodos. Era pequeño, de tres metros de largo, y poseía un cuello ligeramente alargado, como las formas primitivas. Pero losinvestigadores descubrieron que tenía cuatro vértebras sacras en la pelvis y que los dientes tienen características intermedias: los de adelante, como los de los saurópodos, en forma de cuchara y sin márgenes aserrados y los de atrás, parecidos a los de los prosaurópodos, aserrados y planos. El Leonerasaurus fue descubierto en la Sierra de Taquetrén, en el centro norte de la Provincia de Chubut. El hallazgo se realizo dentro del marco de un proyecto de exploración de rocas jurásicas de la Patagonia, llevado a cabo por investigadores del Conicet con el auspicio de la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica. Durante los últimos cinco años se han realizado trabajos para conocer la flora y fauna del Jurásico de la Patagonia y fueron descubiertas un gran número de especies nuevas. Los restos del Leonerasaurus se excavaron entre 2005 y 2007, luego en 2008 se prepararon los fósiles en el laboratorio del Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio y durante el 2009 y 2010 se desarrollo el estudio de los fósiles que fue publicado recientemente La investigación estuvo a cargo de Diego Pol -investigador del Conicet en el Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio-, Alberto Garrido -geólogo de la Dirección de Minería de la Provincia de Neuquén- e Ignacio Cerda -becario del Conicet en la Universidad Nacional del Comahue-. Señor presidente, señoras y señores senadores, estamos una vez más ante la excelencia científica de la cual debe estar orgullosa toda la Nación, es por ello que celebro esta distinción y les solicito la aprobación del presente proyecto de declaración.- Pablo Verani. - .
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