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Human Life Versus the Culture of Death:Kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen ( a Case Study in Nigeria)

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Human Life Versus the Culture of Death:Kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen ( a Case Study in Nigeria) IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 25, Issue 5, Series. 1 (May. 2020) 33-41 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Human life versus the Culture of Death:Kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen ( A Case Study in Nigeria) Ignatius Nnaemeka Onwuatuegwu PhD Philosophy Department Faculty of Arts Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Abstract: This paper examined human life versus the culture of death: kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen and their activities in Nigeria. The negative effect of kidnapping and other associated vices is becoming unbearable not onlyto Nigerians but to the international community. This has led to a high level of fearwhich threatens the economic prosperity, political climate, business and general climate of the country. The study examined concepts of kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen, their activities and incidents of attacks. The overall implication of the culture of death caused by the nefarious activities has led to a worsened market structure leading to loss of jobs, displacement of workers and loss of value for human lives. Recommendations were made on how this incidence of death could be tackled to improve the economic condition of the country and as well as value human lives. Some of the recommendations are that there should be an application of appropriate sanctions on every perpetrator of these evil acts, there should be fair and equal distribution of resources, there should be diversification of economy for creation of employment opportunities and that the youth should be equipped with appropriate skills and training for entrepreneurial development. Keywords: Culture of death, Life, Boko Haram, Fulani Herdsmen, Insecurity, Kidnapping. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- Date of Submission: 25-04-2020 Date of Acceptance: 08-05-2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- I. INTRODUCTION The Nigerian nation is so blessed with diverse cultural heritage that is being celebrated at different times across the nation. These cultural celebrations are being made possible by human beings who hold tenaciously to their cultural heritage to the point that it is being passed down to their children. It is therefore worrisome to note that in recent times, the once valued cultural heritage is beginning to fade not just as a result of civilization but as a result of the decline on the value placed on human lives. It is of no use celebrating cultural heritage and monuments when the lives of the people are in gross danger of attacks and threats in most times of celebration. Attacks have also been seen to be carried out any time prior celebrations. These attacks manifest in death, kidnapping, militancy byBoko Haram sect groups, Niger Delta Militants and Avengers in the nation. These set of attackers do not have values for human lives, and this had made it possible for less value to be placed on human lives. The effect of kidnapping on human lives is significantly on the increase daily that it is a significant concern to everyone in the society and not only in the Nigerian context but also of concern to the global community. The scourge of kidnapping has made it impossible for investors to have total trust in investing in the nation because of the fear of being kidnapped or even killed. This directly or indirectly affects the smooth operation of the economy. The nation is no longer a safe because of the insecurity challenges brought about by kidnapping and other social vices likeBoko Haram insurgency, herdsmen attacks, militancy and avengers attacks in the Niger Delta region of the country. Boko Haram sects have been involved in many attacks in the nation to the point of destroying lives and properties. These destructions manifest in bombs explosion that claims lives, and this portends that human lives are of no value than just to be wasted at the altar of death.Government institutions were not left out in the attacks by the Boko Haram members,and they later launched their attacks onreligious centres which led to the destruction of lives and properties worth tens of millions. There was alsothe case of the suicide bombing of the United Nations Secretariat at the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja on August 26, 2011,and as well as an attack on Nigerian Police Force Headquarters which took place on June 16 of the same year (Ovaga, 2013). The Fulani herdsmen are known to settle on lands that are fertile to support their animals and most of the time makes them move from one place to another in search of better land to support the survival of their livestock. These movements had led to conflict on several occasions that degenerated into the loss of lives and properties. The conflicts are major as a result of herdsmen encroaching on farmlands to destroy crops that have been planted either for consumption or commercial purposes.The destruction of the farmlands is not only the major concern, but the major concern is that the attacks of these herdsmen have so resulted in a fatal attack like DOI: 10.9790/0837-2505013341 www.iosrjournals.org 33 |Page Human life versus the Culture of Death:Kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani Herdsmen ( A Case .. raping, killing and kidnapping by these Fulani herdsmen. There are reported cases on news media on how these groups now launch an attack to displace communities with sophisticated weapons and guns like the dreaded AK-47.The studies by Okereke (2012) andKasarachi (2016) revealed that grievous conflict occurred between Fulani herdsmen and farmersthat resulted in the loss of lives, worthy properties and destruction of a vast expanse of arable agriculturalfarmlands which led toa severe threat to food security as farmers because of fear nolonger go to the farm and harvest their farm produce. Niger Delta militant group and avengers are another set of people that have caused much havoc to the human population in Nigeria. The activities of these groups are so violent that things were never the same in the region. Experts are being kidnapped either for a ransom or being wasted on the altar of death, a sign that human lives were not valued by the groups. Most of the times, these groups claimed they are fighting for the common good of their communities which government have abandoned to focus on the development of other regions, but it is worrisome to note that most times their acclaimed agitation leads to theft, destruction, rape, kidnapamong others. It is therefore vital to know that these human activities are making the nation move backwards in terms of development and as such cannot compete favourably amidst the League of Nations. This is one of the major reasons we have remained as developing nations where we have all it takes to be first world countries. It is also imperative to note that these vices highlighted in this study, coupled with other vices in the nation have kept us in this level of ours.It is on the stated premises that this paper sought to examine the human life in comparisonto the culture of death, kidnapping, Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen in the Nigerian society. II. CONCEPTUALIZING KIDNAPPING Kidnapping has been defined by numerous authors with diverselevel of outcome. Inyang and Abraham (2013) defined kidnapping as “the forcible seizure, taking away and unlawful detention of a person against his/her will. It is common law perpetration, and the majorissue is that it is not wantedby the victim”. Fage and Alabi (2017) defined kidnapping as “forceful or fraudulent seizure of an individual or a group of individuals for economic, political and religious reasons” and it could be as a result of the fight for struggle. It was admitted by the authors that the individuals who were forcefully or fraudulently abducted were heldas hostages to geta ransom. This shows that apart from political reasons, economic factors are the major reason that moves people into kidnapping.Uzorma and Nwanegbo-Ben (2014), also defined kidnapping as the “act of seizing and detaining or taking away a person with the use of unlawful force or through fraudulent means requiring the payment of a ransom. It has to do with the process of taking a person away from their family through the use of force and without their consent in order to make moneyfrom their family. It can be deduced that kidnapping has no precise definition, but it can be inferred that it involves forceful detention and coercive movement of a victim (adult or child) from one place to another. Kidnapping is a new order ofcrime that is currently affecting the country.According to a 2013 survey on global crimetrends, the Nigerian Police recorded 277, 309, 703, 738 and 600 in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012 respectively (UnitedNations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2014).Freedom House (2014) reported that Nigeriahad one of the highest issues ofkidnapping in the globe in 2013. The South-East and South-South regions are recorded tohave the highest number of kidnapping issues, and it was stated that about 600 personswere kidnapped between January 2007 andMay 2010 (Thom-Otuya, 2010). Thisstated number is but not a real figure as the cases of kidnapping are mostly under-reported, andso it is glaring that the exact number of kidnappings is greatlyhigher than available records presented by the police (TheEconomist, 2014). Every zone of the country has witnessed and still experiences a high degree of kidnapping, which has been seen as a money-making venture as ransom is involved; kidnapping kingpins such asthe notorious Nigerian kidnapper, ChukwudiDumemeOnuamadike (popularly known asEvans) who was nabbed by thepolice was noted to be making fortunes through the business of kidnapping (Vanguard, 2017). Origin and Statistics of the Incidence of Kidnapping in Nigeria Kidnapping has now become a popular word as a result of itsprevalence in thecountry.The literary usage of the word had made itnotoriouswhen it is heardby everyone.
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