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Kompetenzen Des Translators KOMPETENZEN DES TRANSLATORS Studia Translatorica KOMPETENZEN DES TRANSLATORS THEORIE PRAXIS DIDAKTIK 4 Herausgegeben von Iwona Bartoszewicz und Anna Małgorzewicz Wrocław – Dresden 2013 Studia Translatorica Vol. 4: Kompetenzen des Translators: Theorie – Praxis – Didaktik Herausgegeben von Iwona Bartoszewicz und Anna Małgorzewicz Radaktionsbeirat Prof. Dr. habil. Lothar Černý (Fachhochschule Köln) Prof. Dr. habil. Sambor Grucza (Uniwersytet Warszawski) Prof. Dr. habil. Gyde Hansen (Copenhagen Business School) Prof. Dr. habil. Alessandra Riccardi (Università degli Studi di Trieste) Prof. Dr. habil. Annely Rothkegel (Universität Hildesheim) Prof. Dr. habil. Michael Schreiber (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) Prof. Dr. habil. Eugeniusz Tomiczek (Uniwersytet Wrocławski) Prof. Dr. habil. Lew N. Zybatow (Universität Innsbruck) Prof. Dr. habil. Jerzy Żmudzki (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin) Gutachter Prof. Dr. habil. Zofi a Bilut-Homplewicz Prof. Dr. habil. Lothar Černý Prof. Dr. habil. Andrzej Kątny Prof. Dr. habil. Alla Paslawska Prof. Dr. habil. Karin Pittner Prof. Dr. habil. Wolfgang Pöckl Prof. Dr. habil. Mariola Wierzbicka Sprachliche Redaktion Patricia Hartwich Sprachliche Redaktion der Zusammenfassungen Zofi a Chłopek Umschlaggestaltung Paulina Zielona Dtp Aleksandra Dudzińska Gefördert aus Mitteln vom Direktor des Instituts für Germanische Philologie der Universität Wrocław Pierwotną formą publikacji jest wersja drukowana Die ursprüngliche Version der Zeitschrift ist eine Druckversion © Copyright by Anna Małgorzewicz ISSN 2084–3321 ISBN 978–83–7432–........ ISBN 978–3-86276–......... Ofi cyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe 50–011 Wrocław, ul. Kościuszki 51a, tel. 071 342 20 56, fax 071 341 32 04 http://www.atut.ig.pl; e-mail: ofi [email protected] Neisse Verlag Silvia und Detlef Krell GbR, Florian-Geyer-Straße 34, 01307 Dresden tel. 0351 8 10 70 90, fax 0351 8 10 73 46, e-mail mail(at)neisseverlag.de Inhalt TRANSLATIONSFORSCHUNG, KOMPETENZEN DES TRANSLATORS UND IHRE AUSBILDUNG Sambor Grucza Probleme? Nichts weiter als dornige Chancen: Zu Parametern und Maß- einheiten der Eye-Tracking-Translatorik. 11 Lew N. Zybatow Des Simultandometschers rätselhaft e Kompetenzen. 23 Katarzyna Tymoszuk Typologie strategischer Ausgangstextkompressionen im Prozess des Simultandolmetschens . 39 Katarzyna Siewert Festigung und Ausbau der Kompetenz in der Fachtextproduktion am Bei- spiel juristischer Phraseologie . 55 Artur Dariusz Kubacki Zur forensischen Kompetenz eines vereidigten Translators . 69 Claudio Salmeri Aspekt kognitywny w przekładzie specjalistycznym, czyli co wspólnego ma tłumaczenie specjalistyczne z literackim? . 85 Joanna Szczęk Die translatorische Kompetenz in der Praxis – Analyse der Übersetzungen deutscher Sagen ins Polnische. 95 Marcelina Kałasznik Kompetenzanforderungen an Übersetzer am Beispiel des Übersetzens von Namen für organisatorische Einheiten der Stadtverwaltung aus dem Pol- nischen ins Deutsche . 113 Fred Schulz Leben unter Blumen oder: Landsknechtshochzeit. 129 6• Inhalt KOMPETENZEN DES FILMÜBERSETZERS Rafał Jakiel „Pirates aus der Karibik“. Ein chrematonischer Beitrag zur deutschsprachi- gen und polnischen Filmtitelübersetzung . 139 Józef Jarosz Skandinavische Filmtitel in der polnischen Übersetzung . 155 Dennis Scheller-Boltz Filmtitel als Übersetzungsproblem am Beispiel der deutschen Fassung des Films Evet, ich will ins Polnische. 173 Anna Urban Übersetzer animierter Kinderfi lme in Polen und ihre Kompetenzen . 181 ÄQUIVALENZ IN DER TRANSLATION UND METHODEN IHRER HERSTELLUNG Wolodymyr Sulym, Iryna Dovganiuk Besonderheiten des Metapherngebrauchs bei der Realisierung von Sprech- akten der Rechtfertigung im deutschen und ukrainischen politischen Dis- kurs . 195 Aleksander-Marek Sadowski Auf der Suche nach Bewertungskriterien für Übersetzungen . 203 Janusz Stopyra Vom Objekt motivierte Subjektnamen im Polnischen und im Deutschen 211 Małgorzata Czarnecka Teiläquivalenz als Problem der Übersetzung: eine Analyse der polnischen Bezeichnung „kawalerka“ und ihrer Entsprechungen in zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern . 221 ANFORDERUNGEN AN DEN LITERATURÜBERSETZER Agnieszka Gaweł Dimensionen der Bildhaft igkeit in der literarischen Übersetzung – eine Analyse von ausgewählten Auszügen aus Ernst Jüngers Roman Auf den Marmorklippen und seiner polnischen Übersetzung von Wojciech Kunicki 235 Taras Shmiher Is textual analysis possible in the postcolonial theory of translation? . 249 Inhalt •7 Nataliya Diomova Th e functions of prosody in Robert Frost’s verse ‘Fire and Ice’ and their reproduction in Ukrainian translations. 261 Ilona Czechowska Veränderungen sprachlicher Bilder im Übersetzungsprozess am Beispiel der Dichtung von Tadeusz Różewicz . 273 Lina Hłuszczenko Poezja Archilocha w tłumaczeniu Andrija Sodomory. 287 Mariana Ilich Shelley in der Ukraine: Rezeption von 1878 bis heute. 293 Oksana Zubchenko Besonderheiten der Wiedergabe von Titeln amerikanischer Prosawerke. 303 Jarosław Ślawski Das Problem der Übersetzung von Namen am Beispiel des Kinderromans „Emil und die Detektive” von Erich Kästner. 315 Anastasiya Vassylyk Przekład literacki w międzywojennym Lwowie. Główne tendencje . 327 REZENSIONEN Katarzyna Lukas Olszewska, Izabela (2011): Zur Übersetzung von Judaica in ausgewählten Werken der jiddischen Literatur (= Studia Germanica Gedanensia 24, Son- derband 7). Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. 298 S. 343 Katarzyna Siewert Kubacki, Artur Dariusz (2012): Tłumaczenie poświadczone. Status, kształ- cenie, warsztat i odpowiedzialność tłumacza przysięgłego. Warszawa: Wyd. Wolters Kluwer. 369 S. 348 Marcelina Kałasznik Lukas, Katarzyna/ Olszewska, Izabela/ Turska, Marta (Hg.) (2013): Translation im Spannungsfeld der ‚cultural turns‘ (= Studien zur Germanistik, Skandinavi- sitik und Übersetzungskultur). Frankfurt am Main u.a.: Peter Lang. 235 S. 353 TRANSLATIONSFORSCHUNG, KOMPETENZEN DES TRANSLATORS UND IHRE AUSBILDUNG Sambor Grucza Warszawa (Polen) Probleme? Nichts weiter als dornige Chancen: Zu Parametern und Maßeinheiten der Eye-Tracking-Translatorik ABSTRACT Problems? Nothing more than thorny chances: The parameters and measures of the eye-tracking translation studies Eye-tracking translation studies are based on the assumption that, on the one hand, eyeball movements are motivated by mental processes, and on the other hand, mental processes are motivated by eyeball movements. Th e standardisation of methodology, especially the lack of standard parameters, with the help of which eye-tracking experiments can be performed and analysed, is the most important issue of eye-tracking research. A non-standardised eye-tracking methodology implies that the comparison of eye-tracking research results is hardly possible. Th is paper proposes how eye-tracking research within translation studies can be standardised. Keywords: eye-tracking, parameters, metrics, methodology, translation studies. 1 Nach einem relativ kurzen „Wegschauen“ wendet sich die Translatorik nun seit mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten wieder prozessualen Fragen zu und ist in immer stär- kerem Maße bemüht, Antworten auf diese auch experimentell zu belegen. Die fortlaufend ansteigende Dichte technologisch hochentwickelter Untersuchungs- geräte hat zur Folge, dass der Forschungszugang zu ihnen auch immer unkom- plizierter wird – im Prinzip eine zu begrüßende Entwicklung. Doch zugleich ist die Translatorik nicht frei von zum Teil hochspekulativen Interpretationen experimentell erworbener Untersuchungsergebnisse. 12• Sambor Grucza Dabei bewegt sich die prozessual orientierte Translatorik auf einem sehr schwierigen Untersuchungsfeld, da die Frage nach der Relation zwischen Trans- lationskompetenzen und Gehirn das komplizierteste Questio der Translatorik darstellt. Die Geschichte der Versuche, diese Frage zu beantworten, ist voll von gegensätzlichen Erklärungsversuchen; einige von ihnen endeten auch schon mal in einer Sackgasse. Dies soll aber nicht wundern, da abgesehen von einigen Vi- sualisierungen einiger Gehirnfunktionen moderne neurobiologische Techniken immer noch nicht im Stande sind, zufriedenstellende Antworten auf Fragen der Geist-Gehirn-Relation zu liefern (vgl. G. Benedetti et al. 2009: 1). Die moderne experimentell orientierte Translatorik kann heute bei den Versuchen, sich einen „Einblick“ in die Translationskompetenzen zu verschaff en, auf die Elektro- und Magnetenzephalographie (EEG, MEG), die strukturelle und funktionelle Mag- netresonanztomographie (sMRI, fMRI) sowie auf das Eye-Tracking zurückgreifen. 2 Die Prämisse der Eye-Tracking-Translatorik besteht in der Annahme, dass zum einen Augenbewegungen durch mentale Prozesse und zum anderen mentale Pro- zesse durch die Augenbewegungen (Augenwahrnehmung) motiviert sind: We are assuming that the observable, measurable data that can be gained from eye tracking are indicators of unobservable cognitive processes happening in the subjects’ mind during the translation tasks. […] We are furthermore assuming that the data re- lated to the subjects’ focus on the source text (ST) section of the screen are indicators of ST processing (reading, comprehension), while those data related to the subjects’ focus on the target text (TT) section of the screen are related to TT processing (pro- duction, revision) (Pavlović / Jensen 2009: 94). Infolge dessen geht die Eye-Tracking-Linguistik davon aus, dass durch das Be- obachten der Augenbewegungen Rückschlüsse auf den Verlauf mentaler Prozesse bei Sprachaktivitäten gezogen werden können: Although as recently as 15–20 years ago eye movements
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