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Retold by Victoria Heward Retold by Victoria Heward Editors: Claudia Fiocco, Rebecca Raynes Design: Nadia Maestri Layout: Simona Corniola Illustrations: Fabio Visintin

©2001 Black Cat Publishing, an imprint of Cideb Editrice, Genoa, Canterbury

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ISBN 88-7754-755-3 Book ISBN 88-7754-616-6 Book + CD

Printed in Italy by Litoprint, Genoa I Contents

M a c b eth /Shakespeare 5

Introduction to Drama/Cast list 6 ‘

ACTS:

Act I.I 11 Act I.ff 16 Act I.iii 20 Act I.iv 31 Act ILi 43 Act II.il 51 Act II.iii 62 Act IIL i 74 Act Ill.ii 78 Act III.iii 81 Act IV.i 96 Act IV.ii 101 Act IV.iii 105 Act IV. iv 108 Act IV.v 111 ACTING 10, 27, 91 SHAKESPEARE’S ENGLISH 14, 58

THE COMPANY 8 PUTTING ON THE SHOW 18, 28, 34, 48, 59, 90, 104, 122 COSTUMES 50, 73

GLOSSARY OF DRAMATIC TERMS 127 GLOSSARY 128

Dossiers: 37 Some Scottish History 40 Shakespeare 70

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 36, 68, 95, 110, 121 LANGUAGE 30, 60

[] Stage directions (not recorded).

(SPEAKy Shakespeare's original words or words very sim ilar to those he used.

f a This symbol indicates the beginning of a recording and track number.

to} The year is 1040. Scotland is a cold, dangerous and isolated place. There are invasions from the Vikings of Norway and wars with the English. There is also a new King, Macbeth. Macbeth kills the old to become the Scottish monarch. This is a perfectly normal way to take the throne in the eleventh century. Macbeth really existed and you can find his name in history books. But was he like the King in Shakespeare's famous play?

& } The year is 1605. has a new King: the Scottish King James who is now also monarch of England. Shakespeare lives in London and is a very important actor, director and writer for the King. He wants to please his new King and writes a Scottish play, Macbeth. Shakespeare is England's most famous writer and now, after four hundred years, people still love to go to to see his plays. The 'Flower' portrait of Shakespeare. (Royal Shakespeare Theatre Collection, Stratford.] introduction to Duma

In this book you will read the story of Macbeth, one of Shakespeare's most famous heroes. M acbeth is not only a story but a play to be acted in the theatre. When you read the script try to imagine real people speaking and moving. Think of their voices, their movements and their feelings. There are lots of actors, some of them are very important and they must say a lot, like Macbeth or . There are also parts for people who don't have a lot to say and also people who act without speaking, like 's family.

Cast List

Names of the Actors, in order of appearance

3 Witches

Duncan, King of Scotland

Malcolm, the King's son

Donalbain, the King's son

Messenger

Macbeth, The of , a Scottish nobleman

Lady Macbeth, Macbeth's wife

Macduff, The Thane of

2 Murderers

Fleance, Banquo's son

2 Attendants, servants of the King

Lady Macduff, Macduff's wife

Macduff's children

Doctor

Nurse

Angus, a Scottish nobleman

Lennox, a Scottish nobleman

Caithness, a Scottish nobleman The Company

In the theatre there are lots of different jobs to do. There are lots of special theatrical words used in this book which you probably don’t know. When you see a word in bold letters go to the Glossary of Dramatic Terms on page 127 to find the meaning. ACTING

Here are some ideas to help you become a great actor. This simple exercise will help you get started. Remember to try your best, forget about being shy and ... HAVE FUN!

m m m

1 In a small group, take turns miming these situations:

Eat a banana, a sandwich, spaghetti, rice with chopsticks, soup, popcorn. Everybody in the group write two different things to eat on small pieces of paper. Mix the pieces of paper together and take one. Mime eating the food, and the others in your group must guess what you are eating.

What is your favourite food? Try eating it in these different ways.

a. You are extremely hungry. b. You are extremely full and can’t eat any more.

In your group choose one of these situations to act out. Practise for 5 minutes together and then show the other people in your class.

a. Imagine you are in a restaurant and the waiter brings you the wrong food. b. Imagine it is a chaotic family dinner time. Mother is cooking. Brother and sister are fighting, Father is watching the television, eating and speaking on the telephone at the same time... (Invent other situations] Imagine you’re at a great feast or a royal banquet. Servants bring you food and you must eat with very good manners.

This time you can mime and speak, in English of course.

10 ACT I

Scene i A wild heath 1 near the battlefield.

The witches know that Macbeth will pass by the heath when the battle is finished and plan to meet each other again at that time.

SHAKESPEARE’S ENGLISH

THE

‘Fair is foul and foul is fa ir’ = good is bad and bad is good. The witches know there is something bad in the air. The witches often use mysterious language (see: the spell3 on pages 96 and 97). It is not important to understand every word they say, but it is important to feel the magical rhythm and atmosphere the language creates.

1 Listen to track A again and then in groups of three (like the three witches) say the words together.

Be careful with ‘Hover through the fog’; the words are quite fast. Remember to put your tongue between your teeth when you pronounce ‘th’. Try to keep your three voices together, nobody too fast and nobody too slow.

2 There are lots of different ways of speaking. Complete the sentences by choosing a word from the box. If you don’t know the meaning of the words look them up in a dictionary.

shout whisper cackle laugh

a. When you don’t want other people to hear, you... b. When you are angry, you... c. When something is funny, you... d. If you are a witch, you...

14 Repeat ‘Fair is foul and foul is fair. Fair is foul and foul is fair’, a. shout b. whisper c. cackle d. laugh

3 Which words do you associate with witches? Circle the words in the box.

beautiful mysterious old bad funny ugly happy dangerous interesting scary

4 In your group of three witches decide how to say the words.

Are you beautiful, mysterious witches who whisper or are you old, scary witches who cackle? Use your imagination and repeat the words three times. Practise for five minutes and try to create a supernatural atmosphere.

5 Now perform to the rest of the class.

When you listen to the other people in your class close your eyes and imagine the cold, wild heath. Imagine the m ist4 and the three witches dancing round their cauldron. 5 Which group were the best witches? Why?

15 <©> Scene ii - The King's camp near the battlefield.

LOOK, FATHER, SOMEONE’S COMING HE’S COVERED IN BLOOD.1 '

A messenger arrives to tell the King how the battle is progressing. He says that the Scottish army is defeating 2 the Norwegian Vikings thanks to Macbeth. Duncan decides to give Macbeth another title to thank him for his good service and his bravery.

[King Duncan is with his sons and other attendants off stage. They come out when they hear a sounding. I

YOUR MAJESTY, I BRING YOU NEWS FROM THE BATTLEFIELD.

^ DON’T WORRY, YOUR MAJESTY. MACBETH HAS EVERYTHING UNDER CONTROL. THE BATTLE WILL SOON BE FINISHED. WELL MAN, ARE WE WINNING? MACBETH IS A VERY BRAVE CAPTAIN, I’M SURE WE WILL DEFEAT THE VIKINGS THANKS TO HIM I WILL GIVE HIM THE TITLE

[ih e messenger exits and the others go back inside the camp.

17 Putting on the Show

Act I Scene ii

1 Backstage. This is the space behind the stage w hich the audience never see. The actors who are waiting to go on stage must stay very quiet behind the wings. This is important for two reasons. Firstly, they must listen to the other actors to know when it’s the right moment to enter. Secondly, they must stay silent so the audience can hear all the words the actors are saying. 2 Use all the stage. Duncan, his sons and another attendant stand at the front of the stage on the right. There is lots of space in the middle for the messenger to enter and the audience can see everything very well.

3 Make-up. The messenger comes from a very violent battle and he is probably covered in blood. Use special make up, face paint or red lipstick to represent the blood on his face, hands and clothes.

4 Sound Effects. During this scene you could use a cassette with sounds of a battle. The volume must stay very low because if not, the audience will not hear the actors.

5 The Auditorium. This is the place where the audience sit. It’s important that everybody can see everything on the stage.

Sound and Light Technicians’ Notes

Think of the different ways you can create sound effects.

1 Use classical or modern music CDs. 2 Use musical instruments or other objects to make sounds in the wings. 3 Before the show, record the sounds you need on a tape or CD. You could record a scream, a door opening, lots of people eating and talking etc. Use films, friends, objects... and especially your imagination. 4 Use specially made sound effects collections on CD or cassette. You can usually get these from libraries.

19 WELL, BANQUO, NOT AT ALL, ANOTHER DAY FINISHED. BUT I’LL BE HAPPY TO WE DIDN’T DO BADLY, GET HOME. WHAT DID WE? ABOUT YOU?

lo t Scene iii - A w ild heath near the battlefield. Macbeth and another captain, his friend Banquo, are returning from the battle. Suddenly they see three strange women dancing around a cauldron: the three witches. When they see Macbeth and Banquo, the WAIT A MINUTE, BANQUO, LOOK OVER witches stop dancing and greet them. Their THERE. WHO ARE THOSE THREE HORRENDOUS greeting is very strange and the two captains OLD WOMEN? are confused by what they hear. The witches are dancing round their cauldron but stop when they hear Macbeth and Banquo approaching. There is the sound of a drum HAIL,2 MACBETH, THANE3 OF GLAMIS

HAIL, MACBETH, THANE OF CAWDOR

HAIL, MACBETH WHO WILL BE KING ONE DAY.

ARE THEY TALKING TO ME? I’M THE THANE OF GLAMIS IT’S TRUE, BUT I’M NOT THE THANE OF CAWDOR, AND I’M CERTAINLY NOT THE KING!

IT’S STRANGE, THEY SEEM TO KNOW YOU. BANQUO, YOU WILL BE HAPPIER THAN MACBETH BUT LESS HAPPY.

YOUR SONS WILL BE KINGS BUT YOU WILL NOT.

HAIL, BANQUO AND MACBETH. HAIL, MACBETH AND BANQUO.

The witches disappear THEY SAID YOUR SONS WILL THEY SAID BE KINGS. YOU WILL BE KING.

THEY CALLED ME BY THREE NAMES. I AM THE THANE OF GLAMIS, NOT CAWDOR AND NOT KING. The messenger arrives. He tells Macbeth about the King's decision to make him Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth is now very surprised as the witches told him the same thing... and more. He decides to write a letter to his wife, Lady Macbeth, and tell her of the strange witches and their prophecy.

GREETINGS FROM THE KING. MACBETH HIS MAJESTY, I HAVE SOME GOOD KING DUNCAN OF NEWS FOR YOU. SCOTLAND, HONOURS YOU WITH THE TITLE THANE OF CAWDOR FOR YOUR BRAVERY IN BATTLE.

I SAID THAT WHAT?? HIS MAJESTY.

WHAT?? YES, WE HEARD YOU THE FIRST TIME, BUT ARE YOU SURE HE SAID THANE OF CAWDOR?

OF COURSE I’M SURE

ACTING

Macbeth says ‘Who are those three horrendous old women?’

1 a. Is he angry, happy, afraid or surprised?

b. Say the sentence like Macbeth says it.

2 Now say the sentence with a different voice.

a. angry b. happy c. nervous d. sad e. surprised f. afraid

3 Invent a story. Use your imagination: you can write an adventure story, a horror story, a funny story ...

a. Work in groups of four or five. Choose one of the adjectives above and invent a small story: for example a story about some people who are afraid or angry. b. With your group talk about the story in your language and then write a dialogue in English. c. When all the groups have finished, act the stories for the rest of the class.

Remember If there are 5 people in your group there must be five people in your story. Decide who you are, where you are and why you are angry or afraid etc.

27 Putting on the Show

1 The wings. This is the part of the stage which hides actors when they are waiting. You can make these from two pieces of cardboard or thin wood. They must be taller than the tallest actor and folded at the corner to help them stand up. Actors who are not in this scene are waiting behind the wings, with props and the prompt. The Scenery. This is used to represent the place where the actors are. In this case they are in the Scottish countryside. You can make the scenery from painted cardboard, supported from behind. You can easily move it and hide it behind the wings when the scene changes.

Special Effects. You can create atmosphere with shadows of the witches on the wall. Hide lights or torches behind the bushes 4 and direct them up towards the witches. This is the light technician’s job.

Macbeth and Banquo’s entrance. It’s a good idea to create a space in the middle of the auditorium which the actors can use as an alternative entrance. The performance is more interesting and dramatic for the audience if there is a lot of movement and surprise.

The Sound Technician. The sound technician must stay in a position where he or she can see all of the actors. It’s important to use the sound effects at precisely the right moment. Play some dramatic classical music before the witches arrive. Use musical instrum ents like a drum or a cymbal 5 to represent a storm or use a recording of thunder and lightning. 6

Special hint. Record the witches speaking and use the recording at the same time as they speak on' stage to create a strange echo effect. LANGUAGE PLAY

LETTER TO LADY MACBETH 1 Macbeth writes a letter to his wife to tell her about the witches. To complete his letter: a. choose the best alternative in brackets (). b. choose a verb from the box below and put it into the past tense (one is in the negative form!). c. unscramble the words in capitals.

happen be see think speak arrive understand say disappear say

My Dear Wife, a. I have some interesting news for you. I [must/want/not) tell you of something strange which ...... today. b. After a day of battle, I ...... [to /o n /in ) the heath with Banquo and we suddenly ...... three strange women. c. They...... to me first and called me by three different MENAS. The first woman used my real name, Thane of Glamis. d. The CENDOS woman called me Thane of Cawdor and we ...... this was very strange because I’m not Thane of Cawdor. e. [Because/By/But) then the third woman ...... 'Hail Macbeth who will be King one day.’ f. Then these women spoke to Banquo. They said his LENDRICH will be kings. g. They said ( he/l/you ) will be happier than me but not so happy. It was very confusing and we ...... h. The women ...... but then a SEMEGRENS from King Duncan ...... i. He told me the King wants to IVEG me the title Thane of Cawdor, exactly like the three old women ...... j. I’m sure the women were SHWETIC who ( ] the future. Do you understand, my love? k. This means that one day I will be GINK of Scotland. <©► Scene iv SO, YOU ARE THE THANE OF GLAMIS AND Macbeth’s castle. (The same day) NOW YOU ARE THE THANE OF CAWDOR TOO ... Lady Macbeth waits for her husband to return. She is very ambitious and impatient. She reads Macbeth's letter, believes the witches' prophecy and wants her husband to be king immediately. She starts to form a plan.

... EXACTLY LIKE THE THREE STRANGE SISTERS PROMISED ... BUT IT’S IMPOSSIBLE, SCOTLAND Jl_ady Macbeth is alone. HAS A KING ... WE CANT WAIT FOR HIM TO DIE ... WE MUST DO SOMETHING ... She has Macbeth’s letter THE WITCHES WERE RIGHT, YOU WILL BE KING, MACBETH ... AND YOU in her hand.] WILL BE KING SOON. When Macbeth gets home she tells him her plan: to kill King Duncan and get the throne quicker. Macbeth is not convinced but his wife continues to DID YOU READ persuade him. He tells her that the King and his MY LETTER? DO YOU KNOW WHAT two sons, and , will be guests 1 HAPPENED? in their castle that night.

^acbeth arrives home. His wife is waiting for him.,

YES, I READ ( YOUR LETTER. WE MUST ) V MOVE QUICKLY. J

WHAT DO YOU MEAN ‘MOVE QUICKLY’?

^ IF YOU WANT TO BE KING WE MUST KILL DUNCAN TO GET THE THRONE. > YOU ARE ~ IT’S THE ONLY WAY. MAD, WOMAN! IF NOT YOU MUST WAIT FOR WE CANT KILL TEN OR PERHAPS TWENTY THE KING. YEARS FOR THE KING w TO DIE.

WELL! WHAT’S THE PROBLEM? ARE YOU AFRAID? MY HUSBAND, ARE YOU A MAN OR A MOUSE? Macbeth is silent. IF YOU WANT TO BE KING WE MUST He’s thinking, but finally speaks KILL DUNCAN TO GET His voice is cold and serious.] THE THRONE.

MY DEAREST LOVE DUNCAN COMES HERE TONIGHT.

AND WHEN WILL HE GO? HE WILL NEVER SEE TOMORROW’S SUN. LEAVE TOMORROW. ALL THE REST TO ME. Putting on the Show

Act I Scene iv The Scenery. Make two big windows from painted cardboard. Put some blue Velcro® behind them and also on the wings. If the wings are also blue the audience will not see the Velcro®. Every time you want to represent the castle, put the windows on the walls.

The Wings. Put the trees and other scenery behind the wings. Move the wings diagonally to look like walls in a castle.

Special Effects. Use a powerful torch to light Lady Macbeth. In the theatre this light is called a spotlight.

If your teacher agrees, use real candles but if not, use gold or yellow paper to make the flames.

At the beginning of this scene Lady Macbeth reads the letter in silence. When she has finished she needs some time to th in k and make her plan. The aud ien ce must understand her thoughts from the expression on her face. Is she surprised, happy, angry? UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

1 Who ...? Answer the following questions.

a. Who wants to meet Macbeth? b. Who arrives from the battle? c. Who is fighting against Scotland? d. Who is Banquo? e. Who is the Thane of Glamis? f. Who is the Thane of Cawdor? g. Who is King? h. W ho will be King? i. And who will be King in the future? j. Who will be happiest Macbeth or Banquo?

2 Do you remember: a. Who is speaking? b. Who is listening? Write the name under these quotations.

a. 'We will meet Macbeth.’

b. ‘Macbeth is a very brave captain.’

c. They said you will be King.’

d. ‘I must write to tell my wife what happened.’

e. ‘...we must kill Duncan to get the throne.’

36 Scotland

<©* Scotland is one of the four countries that form the United Kingdom. Do you know the others? Find them on the map.

37 What words do you associate with Scotland? Try to think of the words in English. If you don't know the words in English find them in your dictionary.

Macbeth: (thinking) ... Lake ... Mountain ...

Here are some Scottish words.

1. Loch Ness monster 2. kilt 3. haggis 4. heath 5. bagpipes 6. Hogmanay

1 Connect the words with a definition.

a. O This festival is celebrated at New Year. b. O This traditional food is made from the intestines of pigs or sheep. c. HH Areas of uncultivated land that are usually covered with pink flowers called heather. d. O This musical instrument gives a typical Scottish sound. e. O Lots of people go to a lake in Scotland to look for this creature. f. O This is a traditional costume for Scottish men, made from tartan cloth.

38 Argyll, Scotland.

Did y

Lots of surnames in Scotland start with Mac (like Macbeth and Macduff). In Scottish 'Mac' is used to indicate the son of someone. In English Johnson or Richardson means, 'the son of John' or 'the son of Richard'. Is there a similar surname in your language? Typical Scottish dress.

In the past each family group was distinguished by its particular tartan. Tartan is the pattern found on traditional Scottish cloth. Only members of the same family could wear the same tartan. The family group was called a clan. a Some Scottish History

Hodmms wall

In around AD 122 the Roman Emperor Hadrian started to build a wall. The wall marked the northern border of the Roman Empire. The wall was 73 miles (117 km) long. It also marked the traditional division between England and Scotland, but this border caused problems and fighting for hundreds of years. The English Kings wanted to take Scottish territory and obviously the Scots wanted to defend it.

Hadrian’s Wall.

wrfkm mlkce

William Wallace is a very famous Scottish hero who organised the common people to fight and defeat English soldiers in the thirteenth century. You can see his story in the film Brave Heart. William Wallace was finally executed ('hung, drawn and quartered' *) by King Edward in London in 1305.

40 K m i Jrnes VI Scotland

(jmesI

Another famous Scotsman is King James VI. He became King of Scotland when his mother, Mary Queen of Scots, died and he was only thirteen months old. In England, at the same time, Elizabeth I was Queen, but when she died in 1603 she had no children or brothers or sisters to succeed2 her. The English asked James to be King of England too and he became the first monarch to govern England, Scotland and Ireland at the same time. He called James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland (1566-1625). this kingdom 'Great Britain'. Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland/Bridgeman Art Library. King James was King of England when Shakespeare wrote M acbeth (around 1605). He loved the theatre and some people think that Shakespeare wrote a Scottish play to please his new King.

1 Write the answers to these questions.

a. W hat did Hadrian do? b. W hat is the film Brave Heart about? c. Who was Mary Queen of Scots? d. Why did James become King of England? e. When did Shakespeare write ?

41 And new

Lots of British and foreign tourists love the natural beauty of Scotland: its lakes, mountains and mists. The weather is not always good but the scenery is spectacular. Scotland is also famous for its castles and, some people say, its ! Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and every summer the streets are full of actors, musicians, singers and dancers during the Edinburgh Festival. Street performers.

The Edinburgh Tattoo: the military tattoo was first performed in 1950 and is still a popular event of the Festival.

42 ACT II i mm {q} Scene i - Macbeth’s Castle. (The next day)

The King and his sons arrive and there are grand Wpp festivities to celebrate their arrival. iMmmM

i f /f/J ' wB*

If7 4 1 1 1

YOUR MAJESTY, WELCOME TO OUR THE PLEASURE IS ALL HUMBLE1 HOME. MINE, MY DEAR MACBETH. IT IS MY HONOUR TO BE GUEST IN THE HOUSE OF A FAITHFUL2 SUBJECT.

The sound of announces the arrival of King Duncan, his two sons, Banquo, Macduff, the Thane of Fife and other attendants. The King is very happy to visit Macbeth in his castle.] YOU DON’T KNOW HOW ^ COME, THE BANQUET HAPPY WE ARE THAT YOU AND IS READY, LET’S EAT AND YOUR SONS DECIDED TO STAY DRINK TOGETHER. WITH US THIS EVENING.

YOUR HOSPITALITY IS GREAT, MACBETH. I THANK YOU AGAIN. THE BANQUET y, LET’S EAT AND KTOGETHER.

They all go into the great hall where a wonderful banquet is waiting for them. Macduff and Banquo are the last to enter. I

I DON’T KNOW, MACDUFF. THERE’S SOMETHING STRANGE IN ALL THIS. WHAT DO YOU MEAN GOOD BANQUO?

IT’S A LONG STORY. WE MET SOME WITCHES AND THEY TOLD US ...

In the great hall there is much singing, ^ I’M TIRED. dancing and eating SORRY TO LEAVE THE PARTY BUT I MUST SLEEP. Finally the King GOOD NIGHT EVERYONE. stands up and says goodnight to everyone. The others follow.

GOOD NIGHT, YOUR MAJESTY. Putting on the Show

Act II Scene i 1 Behind the wings. The tables and chairs to make the banquet are prepared and stay behind the wings.

2 Props. Use coloured material to cover simple classroom chairs. Red is the best colour.

Props. Use white or red material to cover two tables. Put fruit and gold plates on the table. Use gold spray on plastic plates or plant pots to make a very special banquet for the King.

Sound Effects. Use a cassette or CD of medieval music for one or two minutes while the other students prepare the stage for the banquet. When the stage is ready and the King arrives, use the sound of a trumpet.

5 Props. Make a trumpet made from cardboard and use it when the King arrives. Use gold spray and some red and gold material to make a special medieval trumpet. Costumes

It’s a good idea if all the cast dress in dark jeans or tights and a dark coloured jumper

1 How to make a basic tunic.

Sew the two pieces together Decorate the front piece if at the shoulders you want.

Use ribbon or cord to fix the two pieces together.

2 Make the tunic Use a long piece longer for the king. of red material to make a cloak.

50 ^0^ Scene ii - Macbeth's castle. (Later that night)

When everyone is asleep, Macbeth, encouraged by his wife, goes into King Duncan's bedroom and kills him with a dagger.1 He is very afraid and starts to imagine things. BUT WHAT WILL I DO IF HE WAKES UP? THEY WONT HEAR YOU. I PUT A SPECIAL SLEEPING POWDER IN THEIR WINE. THEY WILL SLEEP LIKE YOU MUST BE QUICK. BABIES UNTIL TOMORROW HE W O N T WAKE UP. MORNING.

YES... I’LL GO AND DO IT NOW THEN... YES BUT WHAT...?

GO, NOW!!

WHEN YOU RETURN GIVE THE DAGGER TO ME. WHAT IF WE FAIL? r |F YOU ARE COURAGEOUS WE WILL NOT FAIL. NOW GO.

["They look at each other for the last time and Lady Macbeth goes out. Jj He tries to take the imaginary dagger but his hand takes only air, the dagger doesn’t exist.

IS THIS A DAGGER WHICH I I CANT TAKE YOU BUT SEE BEFORE ME? THE HANDL I CAN SEE YOU. ARE YOU TOWARD MY HAND. COME, A DAGGER OF THE MIND? . LET ME CLUTCH THEE.2 A FALSE CREATION? [ a bell 3 sounds midnight. Macbeth runs out and the stage is empty. An owl 4 cries. Thunder strikes and then there is silence.]

I’LL GO NOW AND DO IT. THE BELL INVITES ME. HEAR IT NOT, DUNCAN FOR IT IS THE BELL THAT CALLS YOU TO HEAVEN OR TO HELL.

\ ^Macbeth runs back onto the stage with a bloody dagger in his hand.

HE’S DEAD ... DID YOU HEAR I KILLED THE KING THAT NOISE?

GOOD WHAT ...?

DID YOU SPEAK? NO I DIDN’T. NOW GIVE ME THE DAGGER. I’LL LEAVE IT NEAR THE SLEEPING GUARDS AND PUT BLOOD ON THEIR FACES. EVERYONE WILL THINK THEY KILLED HIM.

I HEARD THAT NOISE AGAIN SOMEONE IS HERE

NO ONE’S HERE, MACBETH. IT’S ALL IN YOUR IMAGINATION.

I DID A TERRIBLE THING HOW CAN I ...?

STOP THIS NONSENSE NOW. LET’S GO TO SLEEP BEFORE SOMEONE SEES US.

They both leave the stage SHAKESPEARE’S ENGLISH

IS THIS A DAGGER? Macbeth: a. Is this a dagger which I see before me? The handle toward my hand. b. Come, let me clutch thee. I can’t take you but I can see you. c. Are you a dagger of the mind? A false creation? d. I'll go now and do it. The bell calls me. e. Hear it not, Duncan for it is the bell ... f. ... that calls you to Heaven or to Hell.

1 The words in blue are Shakespeare’s original words and the others are very similar to the words that Shakespeare used. With a partner and a dictionary, try to understand what Macbeth says. First translate each line into your language and then write your own simplified version in English.

a...... b...... c...... d...... e...... f......

2 Compare your version and Shakespeare’s version. Are they similar? Which do you prefer?

58 Putting on the Show

Act II Scene ii

MAKE A DAGGER Use a piece of aluminium or a baking tray. Cut the shape of a dagger and with a torch create a 'dagger of the mind’ to use in Act II Scene 2. Use transparent coloured paper to cover the dagger for a special effect.

< S D TRANSPARENT COLOURED PAPER LANGUAGE PLAY

CHARACTER STUDY OF MACBETH AND LADY MACBETH

^To compare two different objects or people we use a comparative adjective.

If the adjective is short (with one syllable) we add -er after the base adjective. For example: OLD-OLDER. Duncan is older than Macbeth.

If the adjective finishes with a ‘y’ we take away the ‘y’ and add -ier after the base adjective. For example: HAPPY-HAPPIER. Banquo will be happier than Macbeth.

If the adjective is long (with more than one syllable) we add more before the adjective. For example: BEAUTIFUL-MORE BEAUTIFUL. Lady Macbeth is more beautiful than the witches.

Be careful there are three irregular adjectives: good, bad and far. y^Do you know how to form the comparatives? j

1a Use your dictionary to understand all of these adjectives and write the comparative form.

bad...... courageous cruel determined happy ...... impatient intelligent more intelligent... |oya| mad powerful relaxed ...... scared serious ...... strong unsure ...... worried

1b Which adjectives fit Macbeth and Lady Macbeth best?

1c Which adjectives don’t fit either of them?

60 2 W rite questions to compare Lady Macbeth and Macbeth and then write the answer.

a. Who is tall? ...... Macbeth j.5 . taller than .Lady .Macbeth,...... b. Who is ambitious? ......

c. W ho is brave?

d. W ho is nervous?

e. W ho is powerful?

f. W ho is happy?

3 Look again at Act I Scene iv (when Macbeth returns home to his castle) and Act II Scene ii [when Macbeth kills the King) and underline the. part which made you decide.

r WELL HUSBAND, ^ THEY'RE ALL SLEEPING. DEAREST, HERE’S THE DAGGER. I’M NOT SURE IT’S ARE YOU READY? / A GOOD IDEA. {©> Scene iii - Macbeth’s castle. (The morning after)

The next day the crime is discovered. Donalbain and Malcolm, the King's sons, are afraid and they run away. Malcolm goes to England and Donalbain to Ireland. Everyone thinks that they are guilty.1 Macbeth is crowned King.

[we hear the sound of a cock2 crowing and then someone ringing a bell loudly. A voice off stage screams. I Malcolm and Donalbain enter, followed by Macduff

WHO DID THIS r h e w a s ^ TERRIBLE THING TO A GOOD KING. EVERYBODY LOVED HIM. l OUR FATHER? I DON’T UNDERSTAND WHY SOMEONE WANTED V TO KILL HIM.

LISTEN BROTHER, I AM AFRAID. THE PERSON WHO DID THIS WILL NOT V STOP NOW. v

DO YOU THINK HE WILL KILL US TOO?

IT’S POSSIBLE. MACDUFF WHAT DO YOU THINK? YOU’RE RIGHT, AND I DON’T WANT TO RISK I DON’T KNOW. LIFE. LET’S ESCAPE Nfl I DON’T UNDERSTAND I’LL GO TO ENGLAND WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THIS CASTLE BUT I DON’T LIKE IT.

AND I’LL GO TO IRELAND WE WILL BE SAFE THERE

GOODBYE AND GOOD LUCK, MY FRIENDS. stage in one direction and in the other Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquo and others arrive.] I’M SURE YOU ARE WRONG MY LADY. DUNCAN HAD TWO GOOD SONS WHO LOVED HIM.

AND SO OBVIOUS YOU WILL BECOA KING, MACBETH. > WERE DUNCAN’ FAVOURITE CAPT YOU MUST BE 01 CHOICE TOO.

YES, MACBETH MUST BE KING. £ • ' / . , r His thoughts are interrupted // mm/‘S as the people happily proclaim Macbeth the new King of Scotland. There is much cheering and clapping.]

LONG LIVE THE KING! LONG LIVE THE KING!

'Hk1 ■ / J tlp m m j gmm LONG LIVE THE KING! ! i l LONG LIVE THE KING! Vk M g ■ M ( 4 mm 4 mP 'V / i y ‘ 4 / h U B * ^ * k Jf UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

Tick 0 the best answer; a, b or c.

1. Lady Macbeth is happy to have Duncan as guest in the castle because a. 0 she thinks he’s a good King b. 0 she wants the opportunity to kill him c. 0 she wants to give him a good dinner

2. A banquet is a. 0 Banquo’s son b. 0 a grand dinner c. □ a chair

3. Banquo tells Macduff to a. 0 watch Macbeth’s movements carefully b. 0 drink some wine c. 0 tell a long story

4. When he is tired, King Duncan a. 0 goes home b. 0 decides to go to a party c. 0 sleeps in a bedroom in Macbeth’s castle

5. Macbeth thinks his wife’s idea is

a. 0 excellent b. 0 stupid c. 0 risky

68 6 . Lady Macbeth says a. Q the guards are dead b. Q the guards are babies c. Q the guards are sleeping

7. After killing the King, Macbeth is a. Q sorry and afraid b. □ happy because now he will become King c. O tired and wants to go to sleep

8. The next day, Malcolm and Donalbain a. O go to two different places b. O understand everything c. O think Macduff killed their father

9. Macbeth says a. O Malcolm and Donalbain were good sons b. Q Malcolm and Donalbain killed the King c. Q Malcolm and Donalbain must return to Scotland

10. When Macbeth is crowned King a- □ everybody is happy b. □ nobody is happy c. □ some people are happy Shakespeare 1564-1616

Here are some facts about Shakespeare’s life. Put them into the correct order. a. 0 He died on 23 April 1616 in Stratford MR. WILLIAM upon Avon. SHAKESPEARES COMEDIES, h i s t o r i e s , & b. 0 He was born on 23 April 1564 during t r a g e d i e s . the plague. (His two young sisters died Publifhcd according to theTme Original! Copies. before he was born.) c. 0 When he was 22 he left his wife and his family to go to London and work as an actor. d. 0 He studied Latin and Greek at school. e. 0 In 1586 he already had three children. f. 0 He returned to Stratford in 1611 as a

very rich man and retired in luxury. LONDON Printed by Ifaac Iafgard, and Ed. Blount 1623. g. 0 When he was eighteen he married Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than him. h. 0 He left school when he was 15 and didn’t go to university. i. 0 His first play was published when he was 30.

Stratford-upon-Avon. The house where Shakespeare was born. EntejMment in Shakespeare's tjme

In Shakespeare's time there was obviously no television, no newspapers, no radio or CDs. Everybody went to the theatre: young and old, rich and poor. London was a great centre for theatre and culture and all the most famous actors went to work there, similar to Hollywood today. Shakespeare was one of the best actors, directors, and writers of the time. He was very famous.

now.., 2 Fill in the table. 1 A English Speaking Country Your Country play Macbeth newspaper novel poem magazine film J

3 Do a survey. Ask your friends these questions.

a. W hat is your favourite film? Why do you like it? b. Do you prefer listening to music, reading, or watching a film? Why? c. Who is the most famous actor in your country? d. Do you often go to the theatre? W hy/W h y not? e. Apart from Macbeth, do you know the titles of any other plays by Shakespeare?

Did you how?

Most people thought acting was a very bad profession for women and so there were no actresses. All of the women in Shakespeare's plays were acted by young boys! Imagine boys wearing women's clothes and acting the parts of Lady Macbeth, Cleopatra or Juliet! At first there were no tickets to see a performance. People passed a box round the auditorium and if people liked the show they put some money in it, but if the play wasn't very good nobody gave anything! (Shakespeare was very lucky because when he was at the beginning of his career, theatres decided to sell tickets and so he made a lot of money.)

The most famous Shakespearian theatre, The G lobe, was an octagonal building, but it was similar to a stadium and had no roof. If it rained the people in the middle got wet. These were the poorest people who only paid one penny to watch the show. They were called 'groundlings' because they sat on the ground. Those who paid more money had a cushion or a stool1 to sit on. Costumes

Lady Macbeth has a long tunic like the King. Her jumper is a similar colour to the tunic.

1 Make medieval sleeves.

Sew a piece of triangular material to the sleeves.

2 Make King Duncan an old man. f \ Use talcum powder to give him white hair. ifl&i Scene i - Castle.

Macbeth is now King of Scotland but Banquo remembers the witches' prophecy and suspects the truth. Macbeth is also worried because he remembers what the NOW MACBETH HAS witches said to EVERYTHING. HE’S THANE OF GLAMIS, THANE OF CAWDOR ANI Banquo. He hires 1 KING, EXACTLY LIKE THE THREE WITCHES SAID. AND WHAT murderers to kill ABOUT ME? Banquo and his son .

THEY SAID THAT MY SONS WILL BE KINGS. I HAVE A SON, FLEANCE. WILL HE BE KING? [hlis thoughts are interrupted because Macbeth arrives. Banquo bows. 2J GOOD MORNING YOUR MAJESTY.

GOOD MORNING, BANQUO. HOW ARE YOU? IT’S A BEAUTIFUL DAY... WHAT ARE YOUR PLANS?

I THINK I’LL GO YES, YOUR MAJESTY. HUNTING IN THE FOREST, HE’S YOUNG BUT HE WANTS YOUR MAJESTY. v TO LEARN.

AH YES, GOOD IDEA... WELL, HAPPY HUNTING AND WHAT ABOUT YOUR SON SEE YOU THIS EVENING FLEANCE? WILL YOU TAKE AT DINNER. v HIM WITH YOU? ^ V

[ Banquo leaves the stage. Macbeth is alone but he snaps his fingers and two men arrive

DID YOU HEAR HIM? HE SAID THAT HE AND THE BOY FLEANCE ARE GOING HUNTING IN THE FOREST. FOLLOW THEM AND KILL THEM. DO YOU YES, YOUR MAJESTY. UNDERSTAND?

YES, YOUR MAJESTY AND DON’T RETURN UNTIL YES, YOUR MAJESTY THEY ARE BOTH DEAD. BANQUO IS A BAD MAN, AN ENEMY OF THE KING. HE MUST DIE.

YES, YOUR MAJESTY

The m urderers leave and Macbeth is alone again. He speaks to himself

I’M SORRY FOR BANQUO BUT THE WITCHES SAID HIS SONS WILL BE KINGS AND I CAN RISK NOTHING. Scene ii - In the forest.

The murderers follow Banquo and kill him brutally. Fleance escapes.

["The two m urderers arrive in the forest and spy on Banquo and Fleance.]

FATHER, I’M TIRED

ALRIGHT, LET’S REST NOW

WE CAN SIT UNDER THIS TREE AND EAT OUR LUNCH.

GOOD IDEA, SON ■ - [Banquo and Fleance stop walking because they hear a noise. I

RIGHT, THERE THEY ARE. ^ YOU TAKE BANQUO AND I’LL TAKE . THE BOY.

NO I’LL TAKE THE BOY YOU TAKE BANQUO.

FATHER, DID YOU HEAR A NOISE?

YES SON, I HEARD A NOISE AND I HAVE AN IDEA WHO IT IS.

Scene iii - The Castle. (Later the same day)

During the grand banquet dinner the ghost of Banquo appears, covered in blood and knife wounds. Only Macbeth can see him and he is terrified. Nobody understands why Macbeth is acting strangely or who he is talking to. His wife guesses and tries to calm the situation. Macduff sees this strange scene and starts to become suspicious. He goes to England to persuade Malcolm to return and fight Macbeth.

[The murderers are explaining the problem to Macbeth. He is not happy. ]

WHAT DO YOU MEAN ‘FLEANCE ESCAPED’?

HE RAN AWAY, YOUR MAJESTY. I TOOK BANQUO AND ... NO, YOUR MAJESTY, I TOOK BANQUO AND CUT HIS THROAT' TWENTY TIMES.

I CUT HIS THROAT! NOT YOU. GET OUT, BOTH OF YOU!

["The two men go away and COME, HUSBAND. FORGET FLEANCE Lady Macbeth arrives. I FOR THIS EVENING DINNER’S READY.

["They go into the great hall where the dinner and the court are waiting for them. Macbeth sees all the seats are occupied. mmmmm

WF PLEASE, ■ YOUR MAJESTY, SIT DOWN DINNER’S READY.

Lady Macbeth indicates a place at the table but it is not free.1

BUT THERE IS NO PLACE FOR ME. HERE’S YOUR PLACE, MY DEAR ["The ghost of Banquo, covered in blood and cuts on his face and neck, is sitting in Macbeth’s place. To the others the ghost is invisible. Macbeth is shocked and then angry. I

w h o is RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS?

FOR WHAT, YOUR MAJESTY?

FOR THIS! ■I I

WHO ARE YOU? WHERE DO YOU COME FROM? WHAT DO YOU WANT FROM ME?

HE’S TALKING TO THE CHAIR. NOBODY’S THERE

["The others look at each other in surprise. They don’t understand why Macbeth is so angry. But MY HUSBAND IS NOT WELL. then Macbeth understands it is a ghost and not YOU MUST EXCUSE HIM. a trick. He starts to be afraid.]

[hie leaves the room. Macduff understands that something strange is in the air. 1

I DON’T TRUST MACBETH. BANQUO WAS RIGHT. I’LL GO TO ENGLAND AND TELL MALCOLM WHAT IS HAPPENING. PERHAPS I CAN CONVINCE HIM TO RETURN TO SCOTLAND AND FIGHT MACBETH FOR THE THRONE. ^ Macduff leaves the stage but he doesn’t know that Lady Macbeth heard everything he said. I

SO, MACDUFF IS GOING TO ENGLAND TO GET MALCOLM’S HELP. I MUST TELL MY HUSBAND. WE WILL HAVE ^ REVENGE! m Putting on the Show

Act III Scene iii

1 Backstage. Use make up to change Banquo very quickly into a ghost. Give him a white face with lots of blood on it. There’s not much time, so prepare the make up before the performance starts.

2 Actors. When Macbeth sees the ghost, the other actors must remember that they ‘can't see’ anything.

3 Soliloquies. Macduff and Lady Macbeth come to the front of the stage to speak alone. In this way their words are private; only the audience can hear. ACTING

INTERPRETING THE ROLE 1 laa-aaama

The actor must understand how his character feels in every particular moment. Macbeth changes very often in this scene. Look at these adjectives and write the line of the text when you think they indicate how Macbeth is feeling. a. angry _ there js.no^lace fo r me’......

b. calm ...... c. furious ...... d. irritated ...... e. scared ...... f. surprised ...... g. suspicious ......

Do the same for Lady Macbeth. How does she feel? h. calm ...... i. confused ...... j. embarrassed ...... k. worried ......

Remember that when Macbeth is speaking to the ghost in the great hall his friends, guests and attendants are watching. They don’t speak but they show their reactions. I. What are they feeling? How do they react?

With a partner think about the reaction of the other characters in the scene and write adjectives to describe their feelings. m. Murderers: ...... n. Attendants: ...... o. Macduff: ......

91 2 (EEBMM

surprised angry irritated furious calm suspicious scared calm confused worried embarrassed

a. Not only our voices but also our faces, our hands and our bodies change with our feelings. Choose one of the adjectives above. Try to make your face express this emotion and see if your partner understands which adjective it is. Continue the exercise with your partner and together try to express all the different emotions. b. Now think about your hands and your body. What do you do when you’re angry, and when you’re embarrassed, scared, surprised? Do exercise 2a. again but this time with your whole body. (You probably need to stand up to do the exercise well.) c. Watch five minutes of a good film (in English or in your language). The first time you watch, make notes on the different feelings expressed by the actors: are they relaxed, happy, nervous, tense, bored, angry? The second time you watch, pay attention to how the actors express these feelings: do their faces change? What about the hands, the body etc.? Make notes on these things in a special drama notebook.

SERIOUS OR FUNNY?

a. In the plays of Shakespeare you can find very dramatic moments but very funny moments too. In this scene the two murderers are funny. Why do they make us laugh? b. Often two comedians work together. They often make fun of each other and argue to make the audience laugh. Laurel and Hardy are a typical example. Can you think of any other famous comedy couple on TV? c. In a group of three practise reading the murderers’ scene. Macbeth: (shouting) What do you mean 'Fleance escaped?' Murderer 1: He ran away, Your Majesty. I took Banquo and ... Murderer 2: No, Your Majesty. I took Banquo and cut his throat twenty times. Murderer 1: I cut his throat! Not you. Macbeth: Get out, both of you!

92 d. W hat could you do to make the m urderers funnier? Think about their voices their gestures and their faces. e. In the same scene Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Macduff are very serious. If one of the characters doesn’t want to tell the others what they are thinking they speak alone. Only the audience can hear their secrets or their ideas. This way of speaking alone is called a soliloquy. Find two small soliloquies in this scene. Why do these two people speak alone?

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER a. Now act out Scene III. To do this exercise you need a maximum of 7 people or a minimum of 5. (The two m urderers can double as the two attendants during the banquet.)

The murderers are explaining the problem to Macbeth. He is not happy! Macbeth: (Shouting) What do you mean 'Fleance escaped'? Murderer 1: He ran away, Your Majesty. I took Banquo and... Murderer 2: No, Your Majesty, I took Banquo and cut his throat twenty times. Murderer 1: I cut his throat, not you. Macbeth: (Angrily) Get out, both of you! The two men go away and Lady Macbeth arrives. Lady Macbeth: Come husband. Forget Fleance for this evening. Dinner's ready. They go into the great hall where the dinner and the court are waiting for them. Macbeth sees all the places are full. Attendant: Please, Your Majesty, sit down. Dinner's ready. Macbeth: But there is no place for me. Lady Macbeth: Here's your place, my dear. Lady Macbeth indicates a place at the table but it is not free. The ghost of Banquo, covered in blood and cuts on his face and neck, is sitting in Macbeth's place. To the others the ghost is invisible. Macbeth is shocked and then angry. Macbeth: Who is responsible for this? Macduff: (Macduff is sitting at the table) For what, Your Majesty? Macbeth: For this! (He indicates the chair but is the only person to see the ghost)

93 The others look at each other in surprise. They don't understand why Macbeth is so angry. But then Macbeth understands it is a ghost and not a trick. He starts to be afraid. Macbeth: (Speaking to the ghost) Who are you? Where do you come from? What do you want from me? Attendant 1: Who is the King talking to? Attendant 2: He's talking to the chair. Nobody's there. Macbeth: Look. Don't you see? A dead man at our table. Lady Macbeth: (Speaking to the court) My husband is not well. You must excuse him. (Speaking to M acbeth) Stop this scene now. It's in your imagination, the chair is empty. The ghost stands up and leaves the room. Macbeth: (Speaking to the court) Please excuse me. Like my wife said, I'm not well at the moment. I think I'll have a rest. (Speaking to him self) Tomorrow I will go to the heath and speak to the three witches. They will tell me everything. He leaves the room. Macduff understands that something strange is in the air. Macduff: (Speaking to himself) I don't trust Macbeth. Banquo was right. I'll go to England and tell Malcolm what is happening. Perhaps I can convince him to return to Scotland and fight Macbeth for the throne. Macduff leaves the stage but he doesn't know that Lady Macbeth heard everything he said. Lady Macbeth: (Speaking to herself) So, Macduff is going to England to get Malcolm's help. I must tell my husband. We will have revenge! b. It’s a good idea if someone makes notes during the exercise. Help the other people in your group understand what is good and what is not so good about their performance. c. Do it again with everybody acting different characters.

Remember Find, or make space to work. You can’t act sitting at your desk. Think about how your character feels. When your character is not speaking he/she must continue to act by listening and reacting to the others who are speaking.

94 L ------UNDERSTANDING THE - TEXT - - -

1 Are these statements true or false? If the statement is false rewrite it to give the correct information.

a. The witches said Banquo will be King.

b. Banquo is Fleance’s son.

c. The m urderers kill Banquo and Fleance.

d. Macbeth is angry when he hears what the murderers say.

e. Everybody can see the ghost.

f. The ghost is sitting in Macbeth’s chair.

g. Lady Macbeth thinks Macbeth is ill.

h. Macbeth tells everyone he will go to speak to the witches.

i. Macduff wants to be the next King.

j. Lady Macbeth wants to tell her husband everything. A C T ^IV

Scene i - Thw ild heath.

_ Macbeth visits the three witches ai^djiiey make three new prophecies.

["The witches are making a spell around their cauldron.] FILLET OF A FENNY SNAKE,2 IN THE CAULDRON BOIL AND BAKE.

EYE OF NEWT3 AND TOE OF FROG, WOOL OF BAT AND TONGUE OF DOG.

FOR A CHARM OF POWERFUL TROUBLE LIKE A HELL- BROTH4 BOIL AND BUBBLE.

r DOUBLE DOUBLE > TOIL AND TROUBLE, FIRE BURN AND CAULDRON ^ BUBBLE. J

MACBETH, BEWARE MACDUFF.

MACBETH, MACBETH. DO NOT BE AFRAID OF ANY MAN WHO WAS BORN OF WOMAN.

THEN I WILL NOT BE AFRAID OF MACDUFF BECAUSE HE WAS BORN OF WOMAN. MACBETH DO NOT BE AFRAID UNTIL BIRNAM WOOD MOVES TO . HILL.

THAT WILL NEVER BE. NOBODY CAN MOVE A FOREST. THE WOOD WILL NEVER MOVE TO DUNSINANE HILL. THANK YOU, STRANGE SISTERS. NOW I KNOW I HAVE v NOTHING TO FEAR. ^ Scene ii - Macduff’s castle. JP L

Macbeth discovers that and Macduff has gone to two children are England to get Malcolm and playing in their is very angry. As revenge1 garden. They don’t he sends soldiers to kill see the two Macduff's wife and children. murderers waiting behind a tre e .]

OK, THERE THEY ARE

LADY MACDUFF AND THE TWO CHILDREN.

I DON’T KNOW WHY MACBETH WANTS TO KILL MACDUFF’S FAMILY BUT I’M SURE HE HAS A AND WE ARE HERE GOOD REASON. TO FOLLOW ORDERS, NOT TO ASK WHY. RIGHT?

RIGHT.

Putting on the Show

Here are some ideas to give the audience a surprise in Act IV, Scene ii.

1 Can you see the two murderers hiding behind the trees? 2 Lady Macduff and the children arrive from the back of the auditorium but they don’t see the two murderers waiting for them.

Make the trees like this. (A Scene iii - In England.

A messenger tells Macduff what happened and he decides to return to Scotland to kill Macbeth himself.

MALCOLM, A MESSENGER TOLD ME THAT MACBETH HIRED MEN TO KILL MY FAMILY.

^ LET’S GO IMMEDIATELY TO SCOTLAND. MACBETH KILLED MY FATHER AND YOUR FAMILY. - WE NEED REVENGE. ^ I WANT TO KILL HIM WITH MY OWN HANDS, MALCOLM THEN YOU WILL BE THE TRUE KING OF SCOTLAND.

LET’S GO, MACDUFF. TOGETHER, WITH THE ENGLISH ARMY, WE WILL DEFEAT MACBETH. EVERY SOLDIER MUST CUT A BRAND FROM THE TREES IN BIRNAM WOOD. WE WILL HIDE BEHIND THEM FOR PROTECTION AND ADVANCE LOOK, DOCTOR. SHE’S SPEAKING TO HERSELF AGAIN.

YES, SHE DID THE SAME YESTERDAY, BUT I DON’T UNDERSTAND WHAT SHE WANTS TO SAY.

r LISTEN, SHE’S STARTING TO SPEAK AGAIN.

^3^ Scene iv - In Macbeth's castle.

A doctor and a nurse observe Lady Macbeth. She is sleepwalking and talking to herself. They think she has become mad.

WILL SHE GOTO BED NOW? THERE’S SOMETHING STRANGE IN THE AIR, NURSE. WATCH HER.

^ BANQUO’S DEAD, HE WILL NEVER RETURN. COME, GIVE ME YOUR HAND WHAT, IS DONE CANNOT BE UNDONE. I WILL, DOCTOR. . TO BED, TO BED. .

The doctor and the nurse watch Lady Macbeth walking around. I UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

LADY MACBETH At the beginning of Act IV Lady Macbeth is not on the stage, she is waiting in the wings. Quickly put make-up on her face to give her a mad appearance.

Pink blusher i ! S 8 i l She has a and lipstick. She has dark eye­ small crown shadow under her eyes and at the iide of her nose.

Dark blusher^ and lipstick.

der hair is untidy.^)

1 Lady Macbeth says, The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now?’

a. Who is the Thane of Fife? b. W here is his wife now? c. Why does Lady Macbeth say ‘Will my hands never be clean?’

2 The Doctor says, ‘I’m afraid she’s mad.’

a. Do you think she is mad? b. Why/Why not?

3 ‘W hat is done cannot be undone.’

a. What is Lady Macbeth thinking of when she says these words? b. Choose the best adjective to describe Lady Macbeth in this scene.

mad scared guilty tired ambitious happy ill

n o Scene v - In Scotland

The conclusion to the of M acb eth

LOOK, THE ENGLISH WE WILL MEET THEM ARMY’S APPROACHING IN WHEN THEY ARRIVE AT THE DISTANCE. BIRNAM WOOD.

COME ON, WE SHOULD TELL THE KING.

PEOPLE SAY THE KING IS MAD NOW. HE HAS MANY QUIET, HERE SECRET MURDERS ON HIS HANDS HE COMES. HE IS LIKE A THIEF IN < A KING’S CLOTHES. Macbeth arrives followed by the doctor. I

The doctor looks at him I AM NOT AFRAID, r DO YOU UNDERSTAND? MACDUFF but understands nothing. IS NOT A MAN, HE’S A BOY. HE WAS BORN He tries to interrupt OF WOMAN, HE HAD A MOTHER ... AND SO I HAVE NO FEAR. y Macbeth to tell him ----- something but there is ■ >VV A ^ '. \ C i i v never an opportunity. I

An attendant arrives TEN THOUSAND WHAT? GEESE?1

NO, YOUR YOUR MAJESTY .. MAJESTY ... THERE ARE TEN SOLDIERS ... ENGLISH THOUSAND... v SOLDIERS. .

GO AWAY, YOU HORRIBLE BOY. WELL, DOCTOR HOW IS THE PATIENT?

The servant runs away and Macbeth speaks to the doctor. I

I’M SORRY, YOUR MAJESTY, SHE’S NOT WELL. SHE HAS PROBLEMS OF THE MIND.

WELL CURE HER! I HAVE NO TIME FOR MEDICINE.

GIVE ME MY SWORD, I’M NOT AFRAID OF DEATH UNTIL BIRNAM WOOD MOVES TO DUNSINANE HILL. We hear the sound of the nurse scream backstage. An attendant arrives

YOUR MAJESTY THE QUEEN IS DEAD!

There is silence and everybody looks at Macbeth. At this point another messenger arrives. I

EXCUSE ME, YOUR MAJESTY. ... BUT SOMETHING VERY STRANGE HAPPENED WHEN I WAS ON THE HILL. I LOOKED TOWARDS BIRNAM WOOD AND IT BEGAN v TO MOVE. >

WHAT? LIAR! IF THIS IS A JOKE I WILL CUT YOU OPEN ALIVE. ^Macduff, Malcolm and others arrive carrying branches. We hear the sound of a trumpet and Macduff and Macbeth prepare to fight. r BUT THEY DIDN’T > I WILL NEVER BE TELL YOU THAT I WAS AFRAID OF YOU, MACDUFF NOT BORN IN THE THE WITCHES GAVE ME NORMAL WAY, A MAGIC LIFE. fcv MACBETH. >

I WAS RIPPED2 FROM MY MOTHER’S WOMB.3 WHAT? NOT BORN OF WOMAN? IT WAS A TRICK! THE WITCHES TRICKED ME. AGGGHHH! I WILL NEVER GIVE THE SCOTTISH CROWN TO MALCOLM. [They fight each other and Macduff wins. He cuts off Macbeth’s head and takes it to Malcolm. I HAIL, KING HAIL, KING OF SCOTLAND. HAIL, KING OF SCOTLAND OF SCOTLAND

HAIL, KING HAIL, KING OF SCOTLAND OF SCOTLAND

[ “There is much shouting and cheering as Malcolm is crowned King.

120 UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

1 Answer these questions.

a. What are the witches doing when Macbeth arrives?

b. Why isn’t Macbeth afraid?

c. Why did Macbeth tell the m urderers to kill Lady Macduff?

d. What does Macduff want to do?

e. How does Malcolm want to protect the soldiers?

f. Why are the doctor and the nurse watching Lady Macbeth?

g. Why is Lady Macbeth acting strangely?

h. What do other people think of Macbeth now?

i. Why is Macbeth angry when the messenger tells him about the wood?

j. Did Macduff have a mother? Putting on the Show

Now you’ve read the story of Macbeth you’re ready to start organising the show. There are 4 different steps to follow.

1 Auditions, casting and other jobs.

2 Preparation and organisation.

3 Rehearsals.

4 The show.

AUDITIONS, CASTING... With your teacher decide which part you want to act. If more than one person wants to act the same part you m ust have an audition. For example if three boys want to be Macbeth they must act a small part in front of the other students and then everybody decides which is the best interpretation.

If there are too many students in your class, you can add more attendants and guards. Don’t forget that there are also extra jobs to do like sound effects, lighting, prompt and director.

If there are not enough students in your class, some people can have two or three parts: for example the murderers can also be King Duncan’s guards. The witches can be also be Lady Macduff and her can also be the doctor, the nurse and

122 ...AND OTHER JOBS Decide who will be the best people to do these different jobs. Director Costume and scenery designers Lighting and Sound effects technician Prompt

The prompt and the lighting and sound effects technicians cannot act because they must do their jobs during the performance.

For the show it’s not a problem if the murderers, the attendants, messenger and Macduff's children are boys or girls.

PREPARATION AND ORGANISATION Divide a page in your notebook into 4 columns like this:

\ Places Sound effects Props and costumes

Act 1 scene i Act 1 scene ii Act 1 scene iii etc.

V PLACES Now in pairs, or in small groups, make a list of the different places you find in the story.

Place

E.g. Act 1 scene i The wild heath Act 1 scene ii The King’s camp near the battlefield

V J W rite a list of these places in the first column.

SOUND EFFECTS Do the same again, but this time use your imagination and the script to write a list of all the sounds which are not spoken by the actors.

Sound Effects

Act 1 scene i The wind on the heath Act 1 scene ii The sound of shouting, fighting etc.

J

PROPS AND COSTUMES Finally, repeat the exercise and use your imagination to think of all the possible props and costumes to make the performance more interesting and realistic.

Props and costumes

Act 1 scene i Cauldron Act 1 scene ii Swords

J

READY TO GO! You now have lots of ideas to put on a wonderful show. Your teacher will help you, but the final result depends on you and your class.

124 REHEARSAL TIME A friend can help you remember your words

Tips for Actors

Don't panic. Don't turn The audience your back to doesn't the audience i f you make a mistake.

Speak loudly but don't 'Don'tstand shout. Learn m fron t o f to project other actors your

Watch the professionals: There are lots of excellent films of Macbeth, watch one in your language and pay attention to the actor who is acting your part. a. If you are Macbeth, watch what he does in the film when he meets the witches, when he kills Duncan, when he sees the ghost etc. b. If you are the lighting and sound effects technician, listen to and watch the special effects in the film. Do they give you any good ideas? If possible film your rehearsals and your exercises. Talk about them after.

Remember the dress rehearsal - the last rehearsal before the opening night. It’s a good opportunity to check you haven’t forgotten anything. In English it’s bad luck to say ‘Good Luck’ before a theatrical performance but there is an expression which we usually say: Break a leg.

BEFORE THE OPENING NIGHT... Use the poster to advertise your show.

Make a programme and a display to show your work. Put photographs of your rehearsals and preparation on the wall. Write about Macbeth and put your writing on the wall too. GLOSSARY OF DRAMATIC TERMS

Audience : the group of people who Programme : a small booklet given watch the show. to the audience at the beginning Audition : to decide who will be the of the show. It usually contains the best actor for the part. credits and other information. Auditorium : the place where the Prompt : the person who stays audience sit to watch the show. hidden during the performance but who helps the actors if they forget Backstage : the part of the stage their words. that the audience don’t see. Props : the objects used on stage Cast : the group of actors in a by the actors. show. Rehearsal : the time when the Casting : choosing the best person actors and the director practice to act each character. and try to improve their Comedian : an actor who makes the performance. audience laugh. Scenery : part of the stage specially Costumes : the clothes that the painted or constructed to actors wear to seem more represent the place where the realistic. story takes place. Director : the person who makes Script : the text which contains the the decisions and tells the actors words that an actor must say and how to speak and where to move. some stage directions. Dress rehearsal : the last rehearsal Soliloquy : when an actor speaks before the opening night. alone and tells the audience his or Everybody is in costume, with her thoughts. lights, props, sound effects etc. Sound effects : noises which help Entrance : the moment when an create atmosphere like music, actor comes onto the stage to weather or shouting. act. Spotlight : a circle of Lighting : usually different coloured strong light. lights are used to create a Stage : the place where the actors particular atmosphere or special act. effects, like shadows. Stage Directions : indications Mime/Miming : when you act written on the script which tell the silently and don’t speak. actor how to speak or what to do. Opening Night : the first evening Wings : the part of the stage where you perform the play in front of an the actors wait before their audience. entrance. Play : a story told by actors in a theatre.

127 GLOSSARY

Act l.i heath : a Scottish hill. battlefield : place where soldiers fight. spell : a sequence of words used to perform magic. mist : thin fog. 5 cauldron m Act l:ii 1 blood : red liquid that is inside your body. 2 defeating : winning against.

Act l:iii 1 drum 2 Hail : Hello. 3 Thane : title of Scottish nobleman. \ bushes : small trees. cymbal : |g g p 3 thunder and lightning : loud noise after very bright flashes you see in the sky during a storm. Act l:iv 1 guests : people who stay in another person’s house. Scotland 1 hung, drawn and quartered : to kill someone by hanging, removing their internal organs then cutting them into pieces. 2 succeed (to) : to become the next Queen or King. Act II:i 1 humble : ordinary,, not special. 2 faithful : loyal. Act ll:ii 1 dagger : a weapon similar to a knife. 2 thee : you. 3 bell : / 4 owl

Act Ihiii 1 guilty : resposible for a crime. 2 cock

Shakespeare 1 stool

Act III.i 1 hires : [here] pays. 2 bows : bends down to show respect. Act lll.ii 1 cry out : [here] shout. Act lll.iii 1 throat : the front (part) of your neck. Act IV. i 1 toil : work. 2 fenny snake : snake which lives in marsh (wet) area. 3 newt : a small creature that lives partly in water and partly on land. 4 broth : soup. Act IV. ii 1 revenge : hurting someone in return.

Act IV.v 1 geese : sing, goose. 2 ripped : [here] taken, cut. 3 womb : part of body where a baby grows. DRAMA

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‘Hail, Macbeth who will be King one day.’ On a cold Scottish heath, three witches make a prophecy. Inspired by their words and encouraged by his evil wife, Macbeth begins his trail of destruction to gain and keep the Scottish throne. This performance-based cartoon adaptation of Macbeth includes: ■ Preparatory exercises for diction and mime ■ Easy to follow ideas on how to put on the show ■ Tips and explanations to help students and teachers prepare for a complete production ■ A glossary of dramatic terms ■ Analysis of the main characters and plot ■ A brief study of the traditions and history of Scotland ■ An introduction of the life and times of Shakespeare ■ A dramatic recording of the text in full

ISBN 3-526-52128-X 9783526521280

783526"52128011 This volume without the side coupon is to Langenscheidt ELT be considered a sample copy not for sale.