Learning outcomes Orthopaedics, semester 8

The course is a part of LÄLM81 and LÄMM81 Clinical Medicine 3.

The course in orthopaedics provides students with the fundamental principles for diagnosis and treatment of the diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system that they will need during their foundation training. The subjects treated in lectures, seminars and group exercises may be prioritised areas for review.

On completion of the course, students shall be able to  obtain a relevant medical history of the patient’s complaint  perform an appropriate clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system  correctly use common diagnostic tools and interpret the results  draw up a plan of investigation for the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system  in dialogue with the patient, draw up an appropriate treatment plan for the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system  identify disorders that must be treated acutely to avoid a life-long disability

On completion of the course, students shall demonstrate the ability to  approach patients in a professional manner  obtain the medical history and perform examination of diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system  perform primary management, manual repositioning and immobilisation of the injured limb  perform an appropriate distal examination  make assessments of possible compartment syndrome  make assessments of possible cauda equina syndrome  make assessments of potential septic arthritis  perform infiltration anaesthesia and skin sutures  perform joint puncture  identify and describe obvious fractures or luxations on the basis of X-ray images  identify and describe common degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis of the hip or knee on the basis X-ray images

On completion of the course, student shall demonstrate knowledge of  the management principles for patients with multiple injuries  the management principles for patients with open fractures  the difference between high-energy and low-energy injuries  the long-term effects on patients of permanent injuries or chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system  suggest appropriate treatment measures for common fractures and degenerative conditions on the basis of X-ray images

Listed below are the orthopaedic ailments* that students, on completion of the course, shall be able to explain (presence, symptoms and findings), manage, investigate, and, at least in principle, treat. *The diseases are divided into groups A, B and C where A indicates ailments that are particularly important to know; B indicates ailments that are very important to know; and C, ailments that are important to know:

A B C Upper limb Shoulder joint luxation – anterior and posterior Adhesive capsulitis Epicondyle fracture of the humerus Axillary nerve palsy Impingement syndrome Elbow luxation Clavicle fracture Biceps tendon rupture Lunatum malacia Osteoarthritis of the acromioclavicular joint Knee osteoarthritis Hand osteoarthritis Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus Acromioclavicular luxation Heberden’s nodes Supraspinatus rupture Humerus fracture Radial nerve palsy Radial head fracture Median nerve palsy Radial tunnel syndrome Ulnar nerve palsy Forearm fracture Septic tendovaginitis Stenosing tendovaginitis Distal radius fracture Crepitating tendovaginitis Scaphoid fracture De Quervain syndrome Dupuytren’s contracture Subcapital metacarpal fracture Mallet finger Shoulder-hand syndrome

A B C Lower limb Cox osteoarthritis Greater trochanteric pain Sacroiliac joint pain Hip fracture syndrome Pelvic girdle pain Meniscus injury Snapping hip syndrome Meralgia paraesthetica Knee ligament injuries Pelvic fracture Quadriceps tendon rupture Knee osteoarthritis Adductor tendinitis Femoral condyle fracture Achilles tendon rupture Femoral fracture Baker’s cyst Ankle distortion Patella fracture Iliotibial band syndrome Diabetic foot ulceration Prepatellar bursitis Patellar tendinitis Luxating patella Pes anserinus tendinitis Anterior knee pain Calcaneus fracture Tibial plateau fracture Crus fracture Calf strain Achilles tendinitis, bursitis Ankle fracture Tarsometatarsal luxation – Lisfranc joint Plantar fasciitis Calcaneal spur Metatarsal fracture Morton’s metatarsaglia Bunion (hallux valgus) Hallux rigidus Hammer toe

A B C Spine Lumbar disc herniation Torticollis Scheuermann’s disease Cauda equina syndrome Cervicalgia Spinal bone tumour Brachialgia Spinal bone fracture Cervical disc herniation Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Spondylitis Spinal stenosis Ankylosing spondylitis

A B C Children Nursemaid’s elbow Scoliosis Hip dysplasia Osteochondritis dissecans Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Physiolysis Perthes disease Osgood-Schlatter disease Retropatellar pain syndrome/Chondromalacia patellae Club foot Malignant bone tumor in children/youth (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma)

A B C Other Arthritis, septic/reactive Aseptic necrosis Compartment syndrome Synovitis Management of soft tissue tumours Osteonecrosis Osteoporosis Ganglion

Karl Lunsjö Director of Orthopaedics component 19 November 2014