Projeto Anne Boleyn

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Projeto Anne Boleyn UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE LETRAS FLÁVIA ADRIANA ANDRADE Ficções de Anna Bolena Na História e na Literatura contemporâneas TESE DE DOUTORADO PORTO ALEGRE, 2013 2 FLÁVIA ADRIANA ANDRADE Ficções de Anna Bolena Na história e na literatura contemporâneas Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras Área de concentração: Literatura Comparada Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Rita Terezinha Schmidt PORTO ALEGRE 2013 3 Nome: ANDRADE, Flávia Adriana. Título: Ficções de Anna Bolena, na história e na literatura contemporâneas. Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras. Aprovado em: 02\07\2013 BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. _____________________________ Instituição:_____________ Julgamento: ______________________ Assinatura: _______________ Prof. Dr. _____________________________ Instituição:_____________ Julgamento: _______________________ Assinatura: _______________ Prof. Dr. _____________________________ Instituição:_____________ Julgamento: _______________________ Assinatura: _______________ 4 Para minha sobrinha Isadora. Para minha avó, Sílvia Andrade (in memorian). 5 AGRADECIMENTOS A CAPES, pela bolsa de estudos. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, na pessoa do coordenador, Prof. Dr. Valdir Flores. À secretaria do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, especialmente ao secretário Canísio, onde sempre fui atendida com presteza e cordialidade. À gráfica ExpanSSiva pelo belo trabalho na confecção das folhas personalizadas. Aos terapeutas, Glívia Almeida e Fernando Matos Ribeiro Silva, pelo valioso suporte. À direção da Escola Monte Cristo, na pessoa da Profa. Silvana Viegas, e à coordenação da EJA da Escola Neusa Brizola, na pessoa da Profa. Rita Azzolin, pela compreensão e flexibilidade. À romancista Robin Maxwell pela amabilidade. À romancista Wendy J. Dunn pela disponibilidade e pela mão estendida em amizade. À Rafaela Rocha pela ajuda inestimável na edição de imagens e mídia auditiva. À minha orientadora, Dra. Rita Teresinha Schmidt, que tantas vezes trouxe luz onde só havia treva e em cuja compreensão revelou-se um horizonte. Aos amigos que entenderam crises e desaparecimentos. À minha família, que nunca estabeleceu condições para o Amor que me oferece. Ao meu pai, Flavio Andrade (in memorian), que está feliz onde quer que se encontre. Ao Pai Oxalá, aos Mestres Ascencionados e todos os amigos espirituais, que me auxiliaram a levantar todas as vezes que eu caí. A Deus, que me permitiu chegar até aqui. 6 “And if any person will meddle of my cause, I require them to judge the best.”1 “At great cost, I know. But then all great enterprises are won only at great cost…”2 1 “E se alguém se ocupar da minha causa, eu peço que julgue pelo melhor.” BOLEYN, Anne (1536 Apud IVES, 2007, p.358. trad.no.). 2 “A um grande custo, eu sei. Mas todas as grandes empresas são conquistadas somente a grandes custos.” (DUNN, 2002, p.162. tra. no.) 7 Andrade, Flávia Adriana. Ficções de Anna Bolena, na história e na literatura contemporâneas. 2013. 390f. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Letras, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. 2013. RESUMO O tema de minha tese de doutorado é o estudo de representações da personagem histórica feminina Anna Bolena, configuradas em textos do âmbito da história e do âmbito da literatura contemporâneas. O corpus analisado na pesquisa é composto pelos romances de língua inglesa contemporâneos: The Secret Diary of Anne Boleyn (1997), da escritora estado-unidense Robin Maxwell; e Dear heart, How Like You This? (2002), da escritora australiana Wendy J. Dunn. E pelos textos do registro histórico: Life and Death of Anne Boleyn: The Most Happy (2004), de Eric Ives; e Anne Boleyn, capítulo do livro Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII (2003), de David Starkey. Ambos acreditados historiadores britânicos. Tendo em vista o corpus assinalado, busco demonstrar ao longo do estudo a tese de que tanto discursos históricos quanto discursos literários anglófonos contemporâneos constroem índices diferenciados de legitimidade e visibilidade à personagem histórica Anna Bolena; cuja importância histórica foi, até recentemente, negada e diminuída através de processos de envilecimento, deslegitimação, silenciamento e apagamento. Dentre as conclusões, destaco a confirmação da tese proposta. Ou seja, os discursos históricos e literários estudados se apropriam da figura de Anna Bolena em um movimento de resgate e reabilitação da memória apagada, fragmentada, vilanizada e demonizada da personagem histórica. Os historiadores, Ives e Starkey, reescreveram a história de Anna, com base em novas evidências surgidas no final do século XX; bem como, em uma investigação acurada e novas interpretações das informações presentes em fontes já conhecidas. O resultado é que Anne ganhou visibilidade e legitimidade históricas, na medida em que aspectos da vida dela, antes desconsiderados, como a educação e o envolvimento na Reforma Religiosa, passaram a ser representados em discursos de prestigiados historiadores britânicos. Ao se tornar o centro de discursos acreditados, Anna Bolena é legitimada e se torna visível no quadro histórico. As romancistas, Dunn e Maxwell, desconstroem mitos negativos em torno da personagem histórica ao apresentá-los sob uma nova perspectiva. Os textos literários, devido à liberdade imaginativa, que lhes é peculiar, dão ênfase, especialmente, a um aspecto não coberto pela história devido à escassez de fontes: a psicologia da personagem. Nos textos híbridos que surgem da intersecção entre literatura e história, passado e presente, ex-colônia e ex- metrópole, o passado é re-escrito com as tintas vivas de um presente marcado por movimentos e expressões de descolonização. Palavras-Chave: Representações, Anna Bolena, literatura, história, contemporânea. 8 Andrade, Flávia Adriana. Ficções de Anna Bolena, na história e na literatura contemporâneas. 2013. 390f. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Letras, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. 2013. ABSTRACT The theme of my PhD research is the study of representations of Anne Boleyn in texts from contemporary literature and history. The corpus analyzed in the research is composed of the novels The secret diary of Anne Boleyn, by the North American novelist Robin Maxwell; and Dear heart, how like you this?, by the Australian novelist Wendy J. Dunn. And the historical texts Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, by Eric Ives; and "Anne Boleyn", chapter of the book Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII, by David Starkey. Both are credited British Historians. Considering the corpus, I demonstrate the thesis that contemporary Anglophone historical discourses, as well as, contemporary Anglophone literary discourses, build different hints of legitimacy and visibility to the historical character Anne Boleyn, whose importance was denied and diminished, until a short time ago. And so it is. The literary and historical discourses analyzed appropriate the image of Anna Bolena in a movement towards rescuing and rehabilitating her memory, which was erased, fragmented, vilified, and demonized. The historians, Ives and Starkey, wrote new versions of her life history based on new evidence found at the end of the twentieth century, as well as, on accurate investigation and fresh interpretations of old sources. They included, in their report, aspects not considered before, such as her education and her participation in the English Religious Reformation. The result of all these procedures is that Anne achieved visibility and legitimacy in the historical scene. The novelists, Dunn and Maxwell, deconstruct negative myths about Anne Boleyn presenting them according to a new perspective. The literary texts, because of their imaginative freedom, especially emphasize an aspect that, due to lack of sources, is not covered by history: the psychology of the character. In these hybrid texts that emerge from the intersection between literature and history, past and present, former metropolis and former colony, the past is re-written with the vivid colors of the present, that are marked by movements and expressions of de-colonization. Keywords: Representations, Anne Boleyn, literature, history, contemporary. 9 Lista de ilustrações 1. Tudor Rose. Rosa vermelha e branca, símbolo da dinastia Tudor. 2. King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn deer shooting in Windsor forest (1903), de William Powell Frith (UK). 3. O falcão branco coroado. Um dos brasões de Anna Bolena. 4. Wendy Jean Dunn (Melbourne\Australia) 5. David Starkey (Kent\UK) 6. Eric William Ives (Birmingham\UK) 7. Robin Maxwell (Pioneertown, Califórnia\USA) 8. Anne Boleyn says a final goodbye to her daughter, Princess Elizabeth, pintura de Gustaf Wappers, Paris, 1838. 9. Anne Boleyn, Artista Desconhecido, século XVI, National Portrait Gallery (NPG)\Londres. 10. Anne Boleyn, Artista desconhecido, coleção Hever Castle\Kent. 11.Deslocamentos coloniais e pós-coloniais, desenho gráfico de Rafaela Rocha, 2013. 12. Merle Oberon, The private Life of Henry VIII (1933). 10 13. Genevieve Bujold, Anne of the thousand days (1969). 14. Natalie Dormer, The Tudors (2007-2008). 15. Helena Bonham Carter, Henry VIII (2003). 16. Natalie Portman, The other Boleyn Girl (2008). 17. Anne Boleyn, Frans Porbus, Século XVII, Pinacoteca Malaspina, Pávia\Itália. 18. Anne Boleyn, de Wenzel Hollar (1649), NPG\Londres. 19. Anne Boleyn, miniatura de Lucas Horenbolte (século XVI). 20. Anne Boleyn, escultura
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