Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Report 2016 SECTION 01 GROUP OVERVIEW
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Mineral Profile
Platinum September 2009 Definition, mineralogy and Pt Pd Rh Ir Ru Os Au nt Atomic 195.08 106.42 102.91 192.22 101.07 190.23 196.97 deposits weight opme vel Atomic Definition and characteristics 78 46 45 77 44 76 79 de number l Platinum (Pt) is one of a group of six chemical elements ra UK collectively referred to as the platinum-group elements Density ne 21.45 12.02 12.41 22.65 12.45 22.61 19.3 (gcm-3) mi (PGE). The other PGE are palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), osmium e Melting bl (Os), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru). Reference is also 1769 1554 1960 2443 2310 3050 1064 na point (ºC) ai commonly made to platinum-group metals and to platinum- Electrical st group minerals, both often abbreviated to PGM. In this su resistivity r document we use PGM to refer to platinum-group minerals. 9.85 9.93 4.33 4.71 6.8 8.12 2.15 f o (micro-ohm re cm at 0º C) nt Chemically the PGE are all very similar, but their physical Hardness Ce Minerals 4-4.5 4.75 5.5 6.5 6.5 7 2.5-3 properties vary considerably (Table 1). Platinum, iridium (Mohs) and osmium are the densest known metals, being significantly denser than gold. Platinum and palladium are Table 1 Selected properties of the six platinum-group highly resistant to heat and to corrosion, and are soft and elements (PGE) compared with gold (Au). ductile. Rhodium and iridium are more difficult to work, while ruthenium and osmium are hard, brittle and almost pentlandite, or in PGE-bearing accessory minerals (PGM). -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it. -
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Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA August Vol. 566 Pretoria, 3 2012 Augustus No. 35556 PART 1 OF 3 N.B. The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure G12-088869—A 35556—1 2 No. 35556 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 AUGUST 2012 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Government Printing Works will not be held responsible for faxed documents not received due to errors on the fax machine or faxes received which are unclear or incomplete. Please be advised that an “OK” slip, received from a fax machine, will not be accepted as proof that documents were received by the GPW for printing. If documents are faxed to the GPW it will be the senderʼs respon- sibility to phone and confirm that the documents were received in good order. Furthermore the Government Printing Works will also not be held responsible for cancellations and amendments which have not been done on original documents received from clients. CONTENTS INHOUD Page Gazette Bladsy Koerant No. No. No. No. No. No. Transport, Department of Vervoer, Departement van Cross Border Road Transport Agency: Oorgrenspadvervoeragentskap aansoek- Applications for permits:.......................... permitte: .................................................. Menlyn..................................................... 3 35556 Menlyn..................................................... 3 35556 Applications concerning Operating -
Predictability of Pothole Characteristics and Their Spatial Distribution At
79_Chitiyo:Template Journal 12/15/08 11:16 AM Page 733 Predictability of pothole characteristics J o and their spatial distribution at u Rustenburg Platinum Mine r n by G. Chitiyo*, J. Schweitzer*, S. de Waal*, P. Lambert*, and a P. Olgilvie* l P a p Synopsis thermo-chemical erosion of the cumulus floor by new influxes of superheated magma best explains the observed data. e Prediction of pothole characteristics is a challenging task, Partial to complete melting of the cumulate floor occurred in r confronting production geologists at the platinum mines of three phases. The first represents the emplacement of hot the Bushveld Complex. The frequency, distribution, size, magma. This magma, due to turbulent flow and high chemical shape, severity and relationship (FDS3R) of potholes has a and physical potential, aggressively attacks the existing floor huge impact on mine planning and scheduling, and (crystal mush on the magma/floor interface). Regional consequently cost. It is with this in mind that this study was erosion is manifested by large, often coalescing potholes. initiated. During the second phase, when the magma emplacement Quantitative analysis of potholes indicates that pothole process ceased and cooling in situ started, two distinct size (area covered) can be described by two partly periods of pothole formation ensued. The first is related to overlapping lognormal distributions. These are referred to as rapid cooling along the relatively steep part of the Newton Populations A (smaller) and B (larger). The range of Cooling Curve, when Population B potholes nucleated observed pothole sizes conforms to a simple double randomly and grew rapidly with concurrent convective exponential growth model based on Newton’s Cooling Curve. -
Keurbooms-Bitou Estuarine Management Plan
Keurbooms-Bitou Estuarine Management Plan Draft Final October 2018 Keurbooms Estuarine Management Plan i DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Document title and version: Keurbooms-Bitou Estuarine Management Plan Project Name: Western Cape Estuary Management Framework and Implementation Strategy Client: Western Cape Government, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Royal HaskoningDHV reference number: MD1819 Authority reference: EADP 1/2015 Compiled by: Version 1: Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd (2011) Version 2: Royal HaskoningDHV (2018) Acknowledgements: Western Cape Government Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Directorate: Biodiversity and Coastal Management Sub-Directorate: Coastal Management Email: [email protected] Date: October 2018 Keurbooms-Bitou Estuarine Management Plan DOCUMENT USE The South Africa National Estuarine Management Protocol (‘the Protocol’), promulgated in May 2013 under the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act (Act No. 24 of 2008, as amended 20141) (ICM Act), sets out the minimum requirements for individual Estuarine Management Plans (EMPs). In 2013/2014, a review was conducted by the Department of Environmental Affairs: Oceans and Coasts (DEA: O&C) (DEA, 2014) on the existing management plans to ensure, inter alia, the alignment of these plans with the Protocol. This revision of the Keurbooms-Bitou Estuarine Management Plan, including the Situation Assessment Report and the Management Plan itself, is in response to the comments received during the -
Exkursionen Excursions
EXKURSIONEN EXCURSIONS 174 MITT.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES. 161 (2015) A GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION TO THE MINING AREAS OF SOUTH AFRICA by Aberra Mogessie, Christoph Hauzenberger, Sara Raic, Philip Schantl, Lukas Belohlavek, Antonio Ciriello, Donia Daghighi, Bernhard Fercher, Katja Goetschl, Hugo Graber, Magdalena Mandl, Veronika Preissegger, Gerald Raab, Felix Rauschenbusch, Theresa Sattler, Simon Schorn, Katica Simic, Michael Wedenig & Sebastian Wiesmair Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz Frank Melcher, Walter Prochaska, Heinrich Mali, Heinz Binder, Marco Dietmayer-Kräutler, Franz Christian Friedman, Maximilian Mathias Haas, Ferdinand Jakob Hampl, Gustav Erwin Hanke, Wolfgang Hasenburger, Heidi Maria Kaltenböck, Peter Onuk, Andrea Roswitha Pamsl, Karin Pongratz, Thomas Schifko, Sebastian Emanuel Schilli, Sonja Schwabl, Cornelia Tauchner, Daniela Wallner & Juliane Hentschke Chair of Geology and Economic Geology, Mining University of Leoben, Peter-Tunner-Strasse 5, A-8700 Leoben Christoph Gauert Department of Geology, University of the Free State, South Africa 1. Preface Almost a year ago Aberra Mogessie planned to organize a field excursion for the students of the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Graz. The choices were Argentina, Ethiopia (where we had organized past excursions) and South Africa. Having discussed the matter with Christoph Hauzenberger concerning geology, logistics etc. we decided to organize a field excursion to the geologically interesting mining areas of South Africa. We contacted Christoph Gauert from the University of Free State, South Africa to help us with the local organization especially to get permission from the different mining companies to visit their mining sites. We had a chance to discuss with him personally during his visit to our institute at the University of Graz in May 2014 and make the first plan. -
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE HUGH ALLSOPP LABORATORY University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE HUGH ALLSOPP LABORATORY University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg CHROMITITES OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX- PROCESS OF FORMATION AND PGE ENRICHMENT J.A. KINNAIRD, F.J. KRUGER, P.A.M. NEX and R.G. CAWTHORN INFORMATION CIRCULAR No. 369 UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND JOHANNESBURG CHROMITITES OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX – PROCESSES OF FORMATION AND PGE ENRICHMENT by J. A. KINNAIRD, F. J. KRUGER, P.A. M. NEX AND R.G. CAWTHORN (Department of Geology, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa) ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INFORMATION CIRCULAR No. 369 December, 2002 CHROMITITES OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX – PROCESSES OF FORMATION AND PGE ENRICHMENT ABSTRACT The mafic layered suite of the 2.05 Ga old Bushveld Complex hosts a number of substantial PGE-bearing chromitite layers, including the UG2, within the Critical Zone, together with thin chromitite stringers of the platinum-bearing Merensky Reef. Until 1982, only the Merensky Reef was mined for platinum although it has long been known that chromitites also host platinum group minerals. Three groups of chromitites occur: a Lower Group of up to seven major layers hosted in feldspathic pyroxenite; a Middle Group with four layers hosted by feldspathic pyroxenite or norite; and an Upper Group usually of two chromitite packages, hosted in pyroxenite, norite or anorthosite. There is a systematic chemical variation from bottom to top chromitite layers, in terms of Cr : Fe ratios and the abundance and proportion of PGE’s. Although all the chromitites are enriched in PGE’s relative to the host rocks, the Upper Group 2 layer (UG2) shows the highest concentration. -
Kloof-Driefontein Complex (KDC) Technical Short Form Report 31 December 2011
Kloof-Driefontein Complex (KDC) Technical Short Form Report 31 December 2011 2 Salient features ¨ Mineral Resources at 63.8 Moz (excluding Tailing Storage Facility ounces of 3.7 Moz). ¨ Mineral Reserves at 13.7 Moz (excluding Tailing Storage Facility ounces of 2.9 Moz). ¨ Safe steady state production strategy driving quality volume. ¨ Accelerate extraction of higher grade Mineral Reserves to bring value forward. ¨ Optimise surface resources extraction strategy. ¨ Long-life franchise asset anchoring gold production to 2028 (17 years). The KDC has a world class ore body with long-life Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (17 years) which has produced in excess of 181 Moz from the renowned Witwatersrand Basin, the most prolific gold depository in the world. Geographic location KDC West Mining Right KDC East Mining Right Carletonville Pretoria Johannesburg Welkom Kimberley Bloemfontein Durban KDC East = Kloof G.M. Port Elizabeth KDC West = Driefontein G.M. Cape Town Gold Fields: KDC Gold Mine – Technical Short Form Report 2011 3 Geographic location IFC 1. Overview 1. Overview Page 1 Gold Fields Limited owns a 100% interest in GFI Mining South Africa (Pty) Limited (GFIMSA), which holds a 100% interest in KDC (Kloof- 2. Key aspects Page 2 Driefontein Complex). The mine is situated between 60 and 80 kilometres west of 3. Operating statistics Page 3 Johannesburg near the towns of Westonaria and Carletonville in the Gauteng Province of Page 4 South Africa. KDC is a large, well-established 4. Geological setting and mineralisation shallow to ultra-deep level gold mine with workings that are accessed through, 12 shaft 5. Mining Page 7 systems (five business units – BU’s) that mine various gold-bearing reefs from open ground 6. -
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the PROPOSED IKAROS SUBSTATION and ASSOCIATED 400 Kv TRANSMISSION LINE INFRASTRUCTURE, NORTH WEST PROVINCE
02 April 2002 Dear I&AP, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED IKAROS SUBSTATION AND ASSOCIATED 400 kV TRANSMISSION LINE INFRASTRUCTURE, NORTH WEST PROVINCE As a registered Interested and Affected Party (I&AP) for the proposed Ikaros Substation and associated 400 kV Transmission line infrastructure project in the North West Province, this newsletter aims to further facilitate your understanding of the proposed project and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process being followed. The first phase of the EIA process (i.e. the Environmental Scoping Study) has been completed, and detailed studies are currently being undertaken within Phase 2 of the process (i.e. the EIA). The public participation process has been on-going throughout this process and will continue until the final EIA Report is submitted to the environmental authorities for decision-making. 1. REFRESHER: BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Eskom Transmission propose the construction of a new 400/132 kV substation (to be known as Ikaros Substation) on the eastern side of Rustenburg. This new substation will receive power from a 400 kV Transmission line looped in from the existing Matimba-Midas 400 kV line between Ellisras and Fochville. The primary purpose of the proposed project is to improve the reliability of the electrical supply to the towns of Brits, Marikana, Kroondal, Mooinooi and Rustenburg, as well as surrounding communities, farms, businesses, and the increasing number of platinum and chrome mines and smelters in the Rustenburg area. Electricity loads required by platinum and chrome mining and smelting in the Rustenburg area is expected to reach the combined firm capacities of the existing substations in the area (i.e. -
Integrated Development Plan (IDP) 2017-2022
HANTAM MUNICIPALITY Integrated Development Plan (IDP) 2017-2022 IDP 2021/2022 (DRAFT) March 2021- for public participation 0 “Hantam, a place of service excellence and equal opportunities creating a better life for all” 4th and Final Review of the 4th Generation Integrated Development Plan 2017-2022 Council approval: …………………….. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.6 INTERGOVERNMENTAL FORUMS ............................................ 47 3.7 MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS ................................................. 47 List of Tables ..................................................... 1 CHAPTER 4: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ................. 60 List of figures ..................................................... 1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 60 List of Graphs/Maps .......................................... 2 4.2 SUMMARY OF WARD PRIORITIES .......................................... 60 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................... 5 CHAPTER 5: STRATEGIC AGENDA ...................... 69 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..... 8 5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 69 1.1 NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ....................................... 8 5.2 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................. 70 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE IDP DOCUMENT ........................................... 8 5.3 VISION ........................................................................... 70 1.3 POLICY CONTEXT (HIGHER-ORDER POLICY DIRECTIVES) .................. -
The Development of Appropriate Procedures Towards and After Closure of Underground Gold Mines from a Water Management Perspective
THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES TOWARDS AND AFTER CLOSURE OF UNDERGROUND GOLD MINES FROM A WATER MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE Report to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION by W Pulles, S Banister and M van Biljon on hehalf of PULLES HOWARD & DE LANGE INCORPORATED RISON GROUNDWATER CONSULTING cc WRC Report No: 1215/1/05 ISBN No: 1-77005-237-2 MARCH 2005 Disclaimer This report emanates from a project financed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and is approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC or the members of the project steering committee, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A need was identified by the Water Research Commission to undertake research into the issue of mine closure planning from a water management perspective in the South African gold mining industry. Initially a project was conceived that was based on undertaking a more detailed study on the development of a coherent and integrated closure planning process for a case study region – the Klerksdorp-Orkney-Stilfontein-Hartebeestfontein (KOSH) area. This approach was eventually abandoned due to the unwillingness of the gold mines in this region (other than Anglogold) to participate in the project. The project methodology was subsequently modified and approved by the project Steering Committee to rather study the complete South African gold mining industry and develop a closure planning methodology that would have application throughout the industry. In support of such an industry-wide study, an assessment would be undertaken of the current status of closure planning contained within the mine EMPRs. -
Afrikaburn. CREDITS
CAMPING CONT ‘EPHEMEROPOLIS’ CONTENTS “…an Ephemeropolis, or evanescent city, fleeting in the dust and smoke of their imaginations…” - D.S. Black GUIDING PRINCIPLES 3-4 BEFORE YOU GO, PREPARE 5-6 Rising like a dusty mirage out of the Karoo heat, there’s a city that many call home. It’s a manifestation of our collective imagination and the ON ARRIVAL 7-8 culmination of our collective efforts. It comes and goes, and ebbs and flows. It’s transient, temporary and transitory. It’s neither here, nor there. PARTICIPATE 9-10 It is real in its unrealness. BASICS 11 CONSENT 31-32 MEDICAL INFO 33-34 “Out of nothing, we created everything.” SUPPLIER DEPOT 12 – Larry Harvey NEW IN 2019 13-14 FIRE, FIRE SAFETY 35-40 Sinking into the sands of time, every artwork will be taken down or CAMPING 15-16 PARENTING 41-42 burned, every camp will be packed away, and every Mutant Vehicle MEDIA & PHOTOGRAPHY 43-46 dismantled. This city we manifested will disappear, remaining only in our CAMPING CONT 17 minds. What a beautiful, astounding, priceless thing. BE WATERWISE 18 BIKING 47-48 For more info on our 2019 theme, click here. MAP 19-20 MUTANT VEHICLES 49-50 LEAVE NO TRACE 21-22 DMV COMMANDMENTS 51-52 WHAT IS AFRIKABURN? IN TANKWA TOWN 23-24 RULES OF THE ROAD 53-54 You are. You build the camps, the art and the mutant SOUND & QUIET 25-26 GETTING THERE & DIRECTIONS 55-58 vehicles. You’re the performer – and the audience. There’s no ‘them’ – there’s just us, and we’re all in it DECOMMODIFICATION 27-28 PLANES, DRONES & AIRCRAFTS 59-60 together.