Adrian Wilkinson on Point-Cloud Surveys Captured from Ground and Air

SVOLUMECIENTIS 27 NO 2 ◆ MARCH 2017 ◆ WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTISTT

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Adrian Wilkinson on point-cloud surveys captured from ground and air

TALE OF TWO MAGMAS ONLINE SPECIAL VOTE! VOTE! VOTE! Ascension Island’s zoned Malcolm Hart on UNESCO’s Time to cast your ballots for pyroclastic airfall deposits Global Geoparks conference President Elect and Council Corporate Supporters: Registration Open Subsurface sand remobilization and injection: implications for oil and gas exploration and development 22-23 March 2017 The Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London

Convenors:

Andrew Hurst University of Aberdeen

Simone Silcock Statoil

Hugh Dennis Origo Exploration w crustal processes is increasingly Mads Huuse common in outcrop and subsurface studies. Regionally-developed giant sand injection complexes University of Manchester develop in areas of 100’s to 1000’s km2 and locally reservoir commercial volumes of hydrocarbons, Cliff Lovelock Shell The non-stratiform character of sandstone intrusions requires original solutions for the successful John Wild quantitative modelling, drilling and completion of wells and accentuates the need for a better understanding of these often enigmatic features. Sand injection scales both within giant complexes and as small, discrete features. We invite presentations on the

characterization and interpretation of sandstone intrusions and associated facies, from grain to basin scale. Presentations on process and reservoir modelling and other practical applications are also encouraged as we consolidate knowledge from improved subsurface imaging, exploration and development drilling and outcrop-based research and identify areas for future investigation. Event Sponsors: For further information please contact: Sarah Woodcock, The Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG. Tel: +44 (0)20 7434 9944, [email protected]

At the forefront of petroleum geoscience www.geolsoc.org.uk/petroleum GEOSCIENTIST CONTENTS

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FEATURESFEATURES IN THIS ISSUE... 16 A TALE OF TWO MAGMAS Katy Chamberlain used a Society Fieldwork Grant to help her investigate the genesis of continental crust in the middle of the Atlantic

REGULARS

05 Welcome - Ted Nield previews life in the Trumpocene

06 Society News What your Society is doing at home and abroad, in London and the regionsy 19 Soapbox Martin Shepley CGeol PGeo compares ON THE COVER: and contrasts the two postnominals

10 Game of Drones 20 Books and arts Six reviews by Ted Nield, Rob Bowell, Daniel LeHeron, Mark Griffin, John Heneghan and LiDAR and airborne drones are revolutionising Carle Leanne Washbourne data capture in geoscience 24 People Geoscientists in the news and on the move 27 Calendar Society activities this month Alfred Brian Hawkins 1934-2016 MALCOLM HART 28 Obituary NLINE on UNESCO’s 29 Crossword Win a Special Publication of your choice SPECIAL Global Geoparks conference

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GEOSCIENTIST WELCOME ~

Geoscientist is the ADVERTISING SALES Fellowship magazine of the Hayden McIntosh DESPITE WHAT J M BARRIE MIGHT HAVE Geological Society T 01727 739 184 of London E hayden@centuryone CHILDREN THINK, BELIEVING FERVENTLY IN FAIRIES publishing.uk The Geological Society, DOESN’T MAKE THEM REAL Burlington House, Piccadilly, ART EDITOR London W1J 0BG Heena Gudka T +44 (0)20 7434 9944 F +44 (0)20 7439 8975 ~ DESIGN & PRODUCTION E [email protected] Jonathan Coke (Not for Editorial - Please contact the Editor) PRINTED BY Publishing House Century One The Geological Society Publishing Ltd. Publishing House, Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Copyright Brassmill Lane, Bath The Geological Society of BA1 3JN London is a Registered Charity, T 01225 445046 number 210161. F 01225 442836 ISSN (print) 0961-5628 ISSN (online) 2045-1784 Library FROM THE EDITORS DESK: T +44 (0)20 7432 0999 The Geological Society of London F +44 (0)20 7439 3470 accepts no responsibility for the views E [email protected] expressed in any article in this publication. All views expressed, except EDITOR-IN-CHIEF where explicitly stated otherwise, represent those of the author, and not Of belief and power Professor Peter Styles The Geological Society of London. All All rights reserved. No paragraph of this EDITOR publication may be reproduced, copied Dr Ted Nield or transmitted save with written E [email protected] permission. Users registered with elief – of the blind rather including climate change almost Copyright Clearance Center: the Journal EDITORIAL BOARD is registered with CCC, 27 Congress than the reasoned sort – immediately after the inauguration. Dr Sue Bowler Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA. 0961- 5628/02/$15.00. 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As the climate of fear grows, otherwise, or from any use or operation Trustees of the of any methods, products, instructions or to subscribe to the notion that for a my colleagues in US magazines are ideas contained in the material herein. Geological Society Although all advertising material is thing to become real, it is necessary reporting privately that even National of London expected to conform to ethical (medical) Mr Malcolm Brown (President) standards, inclusion in this publication only to believe strongly enough in it; Science Foundation staff are unsure to Mr Rick Brassington does not constitute a guarantee or and that failures of reality can always whom they can and cannot speak. Dr Jason Canning endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims made by its be ascribed to a failure of belief. If There is a quotation, much Miss Liv Carroll (Secretary, manufacturer. Professional Matters) you build it, they will come, and all repeated, that goes: “In an age of Dr Nigel Cassidy Subscriptions: All correspondence relating to non-member subscriptions that. Yet, reality does not care what universal deceit, telling the truth Mr Chris Eccles (Vice president) should be addresses to the Journals Dr Marie Edmonds (Secretary, Subscription Department, Geological we believe. Despite what J M Barrie is a revolutionary act”. (There are Science) Society Publishing House, Unit 7 Mr Graham Goffey (Treasurer) Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill would have children think, believing variations.) Since 1982, it has been Dr Sarah Gordon Lane, Bath, BA1 3JN, UK. Tel: 01225 445046. Fax: 01225 442836. Email: - even fervently believing - in fairies commonly attributed to George Mrs Tricia Henton [email protected]. The subscription Mr David Hopkins price for Volume 26, 2016 (11 issues) doesn’t make them real. Orwell, though this is (according to Ms Naomi Jordan to institutions and non-members will be So, welcome to the new age of experts) another ‘alternative fact’. Dr Robert Larter £147 (UK) or £169/$337 (Rest of World). evidence-free belief. Welcome to Nobody has ever been able to trace it Dr Jennifer McKinley © 2017 The Geological Society Prof David Norbury of London conviction politics, where zealots no in the great man’s oeuvre. But leaving Dr Colin North (Secretary, Publications) Geoscientist is printed on FSC® mixed longer feel bound to acknowledge aside matters of attribution, the credit - Mixed source products are a Dr Sheila Peacock blend of FSC 100%, Recycled and/or experts – those hated liberal élitists thought stands. Prof Christine Peirce Controlled fibre. Certified by the Forest Mr Nicholas Reynolds Stewardship Council®. presumably defined as anyone who As more gagging orders are issued, Dr Katherine Royse has voluntarily read a book. Welcome and they will be, affecting more and Mr Keith Seymour (Vice president) to the age in which one can even more Federal agencies, scientists Dr Alexander Whittaker gain positive electoral advantage by everywhere will have a stark choice to Mr Michael Young (Secretary, Foreign & External Affairs) admitting as much. Welcome to the make. Truth-telling has always been Published on behalf of the age of Kellyanne Conway and her revolutionary, because in the end truth Geological Society of London by ‘alternative facts’. will always trump belief. Because, as Century One Publishing At least the Trumpocene has one Richard Feynman famously said in his Alban Row, 27–31 Verulam Road, St Albans, Herts, advantage over the Anthropocene: Challenger Disaster report: ‘Nature isn’t AL3 4DG nobody will be in any doubt when it fooled’. T 01727 893 894 F 01727 893 895 started. The White House website was E enquiries@centuryone gutted of references to many things Vive la revolucion. publishing.uk W www.centuryone DR TED NIELD, EDITOR - [email protected] @TedNield @geoscientistmag publishing.uk

WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2017 | 05 GEOSCIENTIST SOCIETY NEWS

What your society is doing SOCIETYNEWS at home and abroad, in London and the regions Elections to Council 2017-2018

The October issue of Geoscientist invited forward only one candidate, and Fellows are preliminary ballot which will determine the Fellows to nominate new members of asked to indicate that they are content for the list for the formal vote at the Annual General Council for election to succeed those nomination to go forward to the formal vote at Meeting. retiring at the Annual General Meeting the Annual General Meeting. The process for the election of members on 7 June 2017. Nominations were All Fellows should already have received of Council is set out at section 6 of the Bye- also sought for the post of President- voting information either by email or post direct laws, and that for the election of Officers at designate. Subsequent calls were made from Electoral Reform Services (ERS) who are clause 9.2. in the email newsletter. managing the ballot for Council on behalf of Council elections are your opportunity to Ten nominations have been received, the Society. If you have not heard from ERS, choose who should serve on Council to best one for President-designate and nine for or have any other difficulties casting your vote, represent the interests of all Fellows and to the remaining four places. The Elections please contact Stephanie Jones (E: stephanie. shape the future of the Society. Fellows may Committee had identified several potential [email protected]) at the Society. wish to have regard to the area of expertise of candidates for President-designate, who It is important that Council is representative continuing members of Council (tables below). were approached but who declined. It is of the views and diversity of all the Fellowship Biographies of members of Council are at permissible under Regulation R/G/11 to put so Fellows are urged to participate in the www.geolsoc.org.uk/biographies. Continuing members of Council 2017-2018

Name Expertise Background

Mr Rick Brassington Hydrogeology Industry Photo: Nicola Bertolini/Shutterstock.com Mr Malcolm Brown Petroleum Geology Industry Dr Jason Canning Petroleum Geology Industry LONDON LECTURE SERIES Miss Liv Carroll Mining Industry Dr Marie Edmonds Igneous Petrology, Volcanology, Geochemistry Academe Palaeobiomechanics & the Dr Sarah Gordon Mining, Meteoritics, Risk Industry Mr Graham Goffey Petroleum Geology Industry evolution of fossil vertebrates Mrs Tricia Henton Environmental Geology Retired Speaker: Prof. Emily Rayfield Ms Naomi Jordan Sedimentology, Palaeontology, Palaeoenvironments Academe (University of Bristol) Dr Robert Larter Marine Geophysics Government Date: 15 March Dr Jennifer McKinley Geographical Information Science and Geostatistics Academe Dr Colin North Sedimentology Academe Programme Dr Sheila Peacock Geophysics Government ◆ Afternoon talk: 14.30pm Tea & Coffee: Prof Christine Peirce Marine Geophysics Academe 15.00 Lecture begins: 1600 Event ends. Mr Nicholas Reynolds Contaminated land, Geotechnical engineering Industry ◆ Evening talk: 1730 Tea & Coffee: Dr Katherine Royse Environmental Geology Government 1800 Lecture begins: 1900 Reception. Mr Keith Seymour Hydrogeology Retired Dr Alexander Whittaker Tectonics and Landscape dynamics Academe Further Information Please visit www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsllondonlectures16. Members of Council retiring at the Annual General Meeting Entry to each lecture is by ticket only. To on 7 June 2017 obtain a ticket please contact the Society around four weeks before the talk. Due to Name Expertise Background the popularity of this lecture series, tickets are allocated in a monthly ballot and cannot Dr Nigel Cassidy Geophysics Academe be guaranteed. Mr Chris Eccles Engineering Geology Industry Mr David Hopkins Extractive Industries Industry Contact: Olivia Barton-Fisher, Prof David Norbury Engineering Geology Industry The Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG, T: +44 (0) 20 7432 0981 Mr Michael Young Geophysics Government/Industry E: [email protected]

06 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST PROF MISS R ALE NI JES M XA CK S ND IC E R A R O G S Y E E M A R I T D

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Elections to Council 2017-2018 PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT ➤ Prof Nick Rogers ➤AND& ANGELA MARK Mr COE HOUCHEN John Booth AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON I completedAND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN my BSc in Geology (1994) and PhD (1997), both at University College PROF N MISS J MR JO MR ALEX DR TOB DR QUEN IC I am professor of ES H I amAN Managing DirectorY Galway, Ireland (now NUIG).TI I then moved to K SI N D S N R C B E T C Earth Sciences A O of GeotechnicsR Limited,R the UK for an exciting threeR and a half years O A G S O Y O E U E M T W at the Open one of theA UK’s S as an EU-funded Post-Doctoral Research H R I L S T D

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University largest independent Fellow at Keele University, duringY which time N where I have geotechnical I considerably extended my academic links spent virtually investigation across the UK and Europe. Subsequent all my career. specialists. I have 35 to this, I was fortunate enough to gain My research years’ experience of employment as a NERC research scientist, PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENER PROPOSER:TH BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON interests SUPPOR areTERS: in NICHOLASSTEW ART LIGHTBOPIERPOINT SUPPORDY TERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGESUPPO PIERPOINT RTERS: NICHOLASNEILengineering FREWIN PIERPOINT SUPPOR TERS: geology NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT in at the Isotope SUPPORT ERS:Laboratories NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT (NIGL) at BGS AND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& PAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHEN AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID PY MHOUCHEN AND& IAINP MARKR STEWO FHOUCHENART MISS R ALE high temperature the UK and overseas. I headquarters in N Keyworth,I Nottingham. In JES M XA CK S ND IC E geochemistry, igneous petrology and the hold a BScMS inL Geology (University of Liverpool,MR 2008, I returned to Ireland,R this time to Trinity A R MR J DR TO ES DR QUEN JO O O B L T H S Y H Y E I END N G N S Y N OR M E composition and evolution of the mantle, 1983), and an MSc in Engineering GeologyR S T College Dublin, whereE I hold the position of B T D C E A A R R D I O U R D B L T B S A N O O Y B H but I have also engaged with many (University of Leeds, 1991). I have been a Fellow Ussher Assistant Professor in Isotopes and O U T L W C O

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aspects of higher education that relate to P of the Society and a Chartered Geologist since the Environment.

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the mission of the OU. I have been Head 1991, and a Chartered Scientist since 2005. I L I served as Subject Editor (2008-2011) of Department and Science Programme am a UK Registered Ground Engineering Adviser and Chief Editor (2011-2016) for the Journal Director, serving at Deanery Executive level (RoGEP). of the Geological Society, during which time in both posts. I have been committed to the Society and I had PROPOSER: the BRIANSopportunityIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY to work with PROPOSER: a talented BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT AND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN PROPOSER:I have BRIANB beenILL GASKAR MITCHENER aTH Fellow of the SocietyPROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARDthe PROPOSER: wider BRIANMA geoscienceTTHEW MITCHENER PROPOSER:POUND BRIANANDREW community MITCHENER CARTE RPROPOSER: throughout BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY my and diverse range of academic, industry and SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPOR TERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDSSUPPO PIERPOINTRT ERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT SUPPOR TERS: NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH for over 20 years and served on Council AND MARK HOUCHEN AND MARK HOUCHEN AND& PAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID PY MHOUCHEN career.& DAVID MANNIN I amG ANDa& IAINformer MARK STEW HOUCHENAR Tmember & IANof MAR theYCHURCH Committee publishing MhouseR staff. During my tenure DR as TO DR QUE JOH BY NT for six. For five years I was Publications for the NW Regional Group (1993-96), and am an Chief Editor, I sat onN several committees (e.g. S IN DR PROF B T C MS LE MR J NE B O R R S O IL E A Secretary in the Lrun-upE to and through the Hactive CGeol Scrutineer. M I have been involvedR in Publications and Information)O and continue to O Y ENDO N N U RS IT IE T W D E T S D A C H V L Bicentenary and wasU heavily involved in the promoting career opportunities at schools and sit on the Awards Committee. S B L H N B I E Y E N

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Lyell Collection which are now core to the approachC Chartership. Proposer: Andrew Carter

I I L Society’s publication output and a major L Engineering geology has a large role to play Supporters: Robin Strachan and Iain Stewart source of income. I have subsequently in developing our communities for the future, and served as a member, and latterly chair of is the direct link between the natural and the built PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENERTH PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER the Education Committee, during which environment. The availability and management SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT ➤AND& PAUL MARKMs HAYES HOUCHEN Lesley DunlopAND& DA MARKVID PY MHOUCHEN AND& IAIN MARK STEW HOUCHENART PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY PROPOSER: BRIANSTUAR MITCHENERT JONES PROPOSER: BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEY time SUPPOR weTERS: have NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDSsuccessfully PIERPOINT engaged SUPPORTERS: with NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTHof SUPPOR resources, TERS: NICHOLASKATHARINE water PIERPOINT BRODIE and energy, SUPPOR togetherTERS: NICHOLASMAR Y FOWLER PIERPOINT AND MARK HOUCHEN AND MARK HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG AND& IAN MARK MARYCHURCH HOUCHEN & MIKE BURTON & DAN BOSENCE MS LES MR JO school curriculum consultations, developed with greater awareness of natural processes, LE I graduated from H Y ENDO N RS D E T the careers DR portal N and facilitated the PROF floods and climate change are fundamental to Durham University D A E B U IL E B L R N M N Y B

establishment of UniversityIT Geoscience UK. safeguardingIE our World. An understanding of L with a BSc Geology C O O O C T

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S H O PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY geoscience professions and education, N SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINT have beenSUPPORTERS: a Fellow NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG AND& IAN MARK MARYCHURCH HOUCHEN research PROPOSER: BRIANS andTUAR MITCHENERT JONESpolicy, and should PROPOSER: be a BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEYProposer: Bill Gaskarth of the Society since SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASKATHARINE PIERPOINT BRODIE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASMARY FOWLER PIERPOINT leadingAND& MIKE MARK BUR HOUCHEN TOandN authoritative voiceAND& DANfor MARK BOSENC our HOUCHEN E Supporters: David Cage and Paul Hayes 2006 and DserveR on the GeoconservationPRO F NEIL BE M RN science. I would bring to the role of Committee. I work ITat Northumbria University IE C V President a sound knowledge of how and research interestsH relate to periglacial I PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN E N

L I SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT N the Society and its staff work and an ➤ geomorphology using L mainly geophysical AND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& ADAM MARK SMITHDr HOUCHEN Quentin Crowley G enthusiasm to ensure that its role continues techniques. MR DR TO DR QUE to developJOH along the lines it has beenBY NT I am passionate about As Chair of the English Geodiversity N S IN B T C followingO for the past decade. R R geoscience education Forum I was involved in the production O A O U T W S and supporting and launch of the Geodiversity Charter H L S

Proposer: Simon Peter Kelley Y the careers of the for PROPOSER: England. BRIANSTUAR MITCHENERT TheJONES Charter and ForumPROPOSER: BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASKATHARINE PIERPOINT BRODIE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASMARY FOWLER PIERPOINT Supporters: Sally Anne Gibson and Angela Coe next generation of areAND& MIKE MARKaimed BUR HOUCHENTON at highlighting the importanceAND& DAN MARK BOSENC HOUCHENE geoscientists. I am also of geodiversity with the public, industry, Supporting statements - Council nominees a keen advocate of the government and professional organisations Geological Society’s etc. I am Vice Chair of the Northern Group PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENERTH PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVIDNote: CAGE PIERPOINT John Talbot (seeSUPPOR PageTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM 08) has BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT role, particularly in of the Geological Society and a Member of AND& PAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHEN agreed, if elected, AND&to DA MARKVtakeID PY MHOUCHEN on the role of AND& IAIN MARK STEW HOUCHENART maintaining high the Executive Committee of ProGeo, the MS LViceES President, Chartership whichMR JO becomes standards in science and acknowledging those European Association for the Conservation of LE H Y ENDO N vacant on the retirement of ChrisR SEccles. who have made significant contributions to our Geoheritage. D E T D A U B L N His candidature is endorsed by Council.Y B discipline. I have an interest in outreach, education

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PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG AND& IAN MARK MARYCHURCH HOUCHEN DR PROF NEIL BE M RN IT IE C V H I E N

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PROPOSER: BRIANSTUAR MITCHENERT JONES PROPOSER: BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASKATHARINE PIERPOINT BRODIE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASMARY FOWLER PIERPOINT AND& MIKE MARK BUR HOUCHENTON AND& DAN MARK BOSENC HOUCHENE PROF MISS R ALE NI JES M XA CK S ND IC E R A R O G S Y E E M A R I T D

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PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT GEOSCIENTISTAND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN SOCIETY NEWS AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN MR DR TO DR QUE JOH BY NT N S IN B T C O R R Elections to Council 2017-2018A O O U T W S H L S

and public information and have taught E council or other bodies. Y College Dublin over 20 years ago, and am also at Northumbria and other universities, a Chartered Geologist and Euro Geologist. On tutored A-Level and adult geology classes, Proposer: Stuart Jones completion of an MSc in Economic Geology at including leading field visits. I have Supporters: Katharine Brodie and Mike Burton Rhodes University (1995), I moved to Finland worked with organisations including the working in mineral exploration for diamonds, Natural PROPOSER: History BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENER Museum,TH The Great PROPOSER: North BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT gold and base metals. In one of the previous Museum,AND& PAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHEN Geographical AssociationAND& DA MARKVID PY and MHOUCHEN ➤ Miss JessicaAND& IAIN MARK STEW HOUCHENART Smith cyclical downturns affecting the mining industry PROF MISS R ALE GeoConservationUK.MS L If elected I believeM R NI I completed a JPhDES on a Finnish gold depositM XA ES JO CK S ND LE PROF H MISS R ALE IC E Y N ENDO N JE M R XA A R that I can bring a wide depth of interestsIC andR S T S As the Secretary O N (2003), before returning to industry. D K E A S D U D IC G E S Y R B L E B A E R M knowledge to Council Nand I am committedO to Y B of the Central The mining industry is once again in a A R Y L G C O S I T D O O M S E

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H O U enhancing the role of the Society. U Scotland Regional majorA cyclical downturn, and again we face

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L Group (CSRG) my the prospect of losing many geoscientists to N Proposer: Matthew Pound key motivation for other industries. Many of these have a wealth Supporters: Clive Edmonds and David Manning joining Council is of experience that as a profession we can ill to bring the voice afford to lose. I firmly believe that the Geological PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY SUPPORofTERS: the NICHOLASSALL RegionsY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON to Society SUPPORTERS: has NICHOLASSTEW aAR principalT LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY role, particularly SUPPORTERS: through NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINT PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON SUPPORMITCHENER PETER KELLEYTERS: NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER AND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN ➤AND& DA MARKVIDDr MANNIN HOUCHEN NeilG Mitchell SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLAND& IANY A MARKNNE MAR PIERPOINT GIBSONYCHURCH HOUCHEN SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY the table. SUPPO IRT believeERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT Chartership and CPD, in facilitating the retention AND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN that geographicalMR J of these skillsDR T andO their transfer to futureDR QUE DR NE PROF B OH BY NT IL A lifetimeMR interest ERdiversity playsDR a role in ensuring that theN QU generations. As a Smember of Council I intend IN M JO N TOB DR B EN T C I H I Y O T R R T N E IN A C in submarine S O O B SocietyV remains relevantT to the membership Cto play an active role inU delivering practices that H I R T W O N R S E A H O O L L geomorphology and I can have a positive influence on the help to achieve these aims.S N U

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G H Y L commenced engagement of Fellows.S E when I was first I joined the Geological Society as a Proposer:Y James Coppard mesmerized Candidate Fellow while studying my BSc in Supporters: Graham Brown and David Pym watching the Earth Sciences at the University of Glasgow; seabed revealed upon graduating in 2004 PROPOSER: I became BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENER a TH PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER PROPOSER: BRIAN MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIAN MITCHENER PROPOSER: STUART JONES PROPOSER: GRAHAM GOFFEY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLAS PIERPOINT by sonars SUPPOR TERS:as NICHOLAS PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: KATHARINE BRODIE PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENERSUPPORTHTERS: MARY FOWLERFellow. PROPOSER: Thereafter, BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD theAND& PpracticalAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHEN PROPOSER:experience BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER ➤AND& DA MARKVIDMr PY MHOUCHEN John Talbot EndorsedAND& IAIN MARK STEW HOUCHEN ARbyT Council AND& MIKE MARK BUR HOUCHENTON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAAND&VID DAN CAGE MARK BOSENC PIERPOINT HOUCHENE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT AND& PAUL MARK HAYESpart HOUCHEN of my DPhil gainedAND& DA MARKVID PY inMHOUCHEN work combined with myAND& IAIN MARKMSc STEW HOUCHENAR inT MS LES MR JO studies. Continuing that interest, I worked Engineering Geology at Imperial CollegeLE H I enjoyed and benefited Y ENDO N MS LE MR RS S JO D E T for a company in the early 1990s involvedL London culminatedH in my obtaining Chartered D A from the extreme E END N U L Y OR B S N Y B D E T Y A D L C O in offshore oil and gas, submarine cablesU Geologist status in 2014.L Supporting and good fortune of being B O O T N Y B U U

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Uruguay and Argentina). I have held research landmark is somethingC I take great pride taught geology and

I I L fellowships and later with academic positions in through my workL activities as well as my engineering geology at Lamont (New York), Fredericton (Canada), involvement with the CSRG. for all three years of Durham, Oxford and Cardiff, developing a In my current role as a Senior Engineering my degree course, PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY fascination for what geomorphology can tell Geologist with Atkins I SUPPORam privilegedTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINTto be SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH at Newcastle upon PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG AND& IAN MARK MARYCHURCH HOUCHEN us about the Earth. SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINT in SUPPORa positionTERS: NICHOLASBILL whereGASKAR PIERPOINTTH I can promote STEM Tyne by Professors AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG AND& IAN MARK MARYCHURCH HOUCHEN Since my DPhil, my researchPROF interests careers toM IyoungSS people, and particularlyDR NE R A toLE Bill Dearman PROF and B Duncan Murchison. Their NI JES ILM XAN ER DR CK RO S M D N have focused on mid-ocean ridges, NE equatorial young women. P F B It wouldIC be a great honourIT to Einfectious enthusiasmIE for geology instilled in me IL R E R M O R A C V N H Pacific sediments, seamounts, volcanicI G I S Y I T continue do so as aE Member of Council withE a lifelongE passion for theN subject. My first move C E M V L A I H R N I I L islands, continental slopes and coastal N T D

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geology, maintaining links with the offshore G Society in 1970-71. Since then I gained an MSc industry. I have been a Geological Society Proposer: Mike Winter in Geotechnical Engineering in 1981, followed by fellow for more than 20 years and have Supporters: Stewart Lightbody and David Shilston Chartered Geologist, Engineer, Environmentalist previously served on the Marine Studies and Scientist. I am also a European Geologist

Group committee. PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSTUAR PROPOSER: MITCHENERT JONES BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN and PROPOSER: Engineer BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEYand a Fellow of the Institution of SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASKA THARINESUPPORT PIERPOINT BRODIEERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT SUPPOR TERS: NICHOLASMARY FOWLER PIERPOINT PROPOSER: BRIANSTUAR MITCHENERT JONES PROPOSER: BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEY Now a ManchesterAND& ANGELA MARK University COE HOUCHEN lecturer, ➤AND& DA MARKVIDDr SHILST HOUCHEN TobyON StraussAND& MIKE MARK BUR HOUCHENTON AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN CivilAND& DAN MARK BOSENCEngineers. HOUCHENE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASKATHARINE PIERPOINT BRODIE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASMARY FOWLER PIERPOINT in addition to expandingAND& MIKE MARK BURmy HOUCHENTO Nresearch AND& DAN MARK BOSENC HOUCHENE My pre-retirement career has been MR DR TO DR QUE interests, I teach applied geophysicsJOH aiming BY I am an economic NT predominantly focused in engineering geology N S IN B T C to educate and prepare students for lifeO after R geologist with over andR geotechnical engineering, when I provided O A O U T W university. If elected I hope to engage in S 20 years’ experience technical and financial project management and H L S

E the education and chartership debate and in exploration and adviceY to a wide client base; in both the public contribute to the Society’s remit of accrediting mining, principally and private sectors. I have technical expertise university degrees. Having experience of in the junior mining in all geotechnical aspects of site investigations; research council funding, I would also seek sector. I am today the analysis, design and provision of advice on to contribute to strategy behind the Society’s an independent shallow and deep foundations, maritime and PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENERTH PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER grants, aiming to ensure SUPPOR sustainableTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT funding SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT geological SUPPO RT consultant.ERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT inland waterfront structures, highways, slope opportunities for youngAND& PAUL MARK researchers,HAYES HOUCHEN not AND& DA MARKVID PY MHOUCHEN I haveAND& been IAIN MARK STEW HOUCHENaAR FellowT stability and earth dams in the UK, Europe, otherwise supported through M SresearchLES of the Society MR JsinceO graduating from Trinity Africa and SE Asia. LE H Y ENDO N RS D E T D A U B L N Y B | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST 08 | MARCH 2017 L C C O

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Having been a scrutineer for over geoscientists, a passion throughout Proposer: Graham Goffey PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON 20 SUPPORyears,TERS: and NICHOLASSTEW ARa Treviewer LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY and auditor SUPPO RTforERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINTmy career in industry and in my role in Supporters: Mary Fowler and Dan Bosence AND& ANGELA MARK COE HOUCHEN AND& DA MARKVID SHILST HOUCHENON AND& ADAM MARK SMITH HOUCHEN Chartered Geologist applications more academia. MR DR TO DR QUE JOH recently, I would BnowY like to give back yet NT As the oldest geological society in the N S IN B T C O more to the profession.R Although I am world,R the Society has a long-established ➤ Mr Alexander Yeadon O A O U T currently Chairman of the Professional reputationW for scientific excellence. I S H L S PROF MISS J R ALE Accreditation Committee on behalf of will contribute NE I by growing the Society’sES M XAN The Geological Y CK S D IC E R A R Society acts as the Society’s Professional Committee, influence,O “serving profession & society” G S Y E E M and was primarily responsible for the both in the UK and on the global stage. A a cornerstone R I T D

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recent comprehensive review of our Success is combining talents. I will O for all geological N CPD recording system on behalf of the contribute by enhancing collaboration sciences in the UK PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENERTH Chartership PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES Committee, MITCHENER COPPARD I am standing PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTEbetweenR industry and academia. and beyond. Its SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT AND& PAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHEN forAND& DAelection MARKVID PY MHOUCHEN in the hope that I haveAND& IAIN MARKthe STEW HOUCHENART As background, my experience role in education, opportunity to make an even greater and expertise cover a broad range of professional MS LES MR JO LE H PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER PETER KELLEY PROPOSER: BRIANMIKE WINTER MITCHENER PROPOSER: BRIANSIMON MITCHENER MANN Y contributionEN toDO theN affairs of the Society as geoscience. For example, I have explored development RS SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSALLY ANNE PIERPOINT GIBSON SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASSTEWART LIGHTBOPIERPOINTDY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASNEIL FREWIN PIERPOINT D E T D A AND MARK HOUCHEN AND MARK HOUCHEN AND MARK HOUCHEN U L & ANGELA COE & DAVID SHILSTON & ADAM SMITH a Council member,B particularly in the areas many of the world’s sedimentary basins in and as a bridge N Y B

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U 30 years with Exxon in a variety of technical between industry and academia is vital. of Chartership, CPDU and governance. MR DR T R QU

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I The society’s assets are unique and offer L and managerial assignments. More recently,

L B T C O R R O A O Proposer: Alex Carbray I was Vice President and Chief GeoscientistU the members a world class resource. I T W S H L Supporters: Bill Gaskarth and Ian Marychurch with Baker Hughes. I formed my own S would like to stand as a council member to

E consultancy in 2015. I am a Fellow of Royal ensure that the digital andY physical assets of

PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY Holloway, University of London and a Visiting the society continue to serve the needs of SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH the members and the wider public. AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG ➤AND& IAN MARK ProfMARYCHURCH HOUCHEN Bernie Vining Professor in Petroleum Geoscience, being involved in both teaching and research. I have worked in the petroleum DR N PROF EIL BE I would very I have enjoyed being involved with exploration business for the past 12 years M RN PROPOSER: BRIANBILL GASKAR MITCHENERTH PROPOSER: BRIANJAMES MITCHENER COPPARD PROPOSER: BRIANANDREW MITCHENER CARTER IT IE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASDAVID CAGE PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASGRAHAM BROWN PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASROBIN STRACHAN PIERPOINT C V much like toAND& PAUL MARK HAYES HOUCHENthe Society over manyAND& DA MARKV IDyears; PY MHOUCHEN convening andAND& IAIN MARK am STEW HOUCHEN ARcurrentlyT a Senior Exploration H I E N serve on Council conferences, editing publications. I am a Geologist. I studied my BSc in Geology L I N L MS L MR G ES JO and ask for your formerL EChairperson of the PetroleumH Group and Physical Geography at The University Y ENDO N RS D E T D A help to enable and currentlyU a member of the External of Edinburgh and then went to Imperial B L N Y B

me to do so. Relations Committee.L As a CharteredC O College for the Masters in Petroleum O O T

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A strong Geologist, European Geologist, AAPGC and Geoscience. I have been a Fellow of the

I I L Society is built on SPEE member, I am a strong supporterL of Society since 2004. PROPOSER: BRIANSTUAR MITCHENERT JONES PROPOSER: BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASKATHARINE PIERPOINT BRODIE SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASMARY FOWLER PIERPOINT its membership. professional accreditation. AND& MIKE MARK BUR HOUCHENTON AND& DAN MARK BOSENC HOUCHENE I will contribute Thank you for your help in making this Proposer: Simon Mann by developing the next generation of happen. Supporters: Neil Frewin and Adam Smith PROPOSER: BRIANMATTHEW MITCHENER POUND PROPOSER: BRIANALEX CARBRA MITCHENERY SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASCLIVE EDMONDS PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLASBILL GASKAR PIERPOINTTH AND& DA MARKVID MANNIN HOUCHENG AND& IAN MARK MARYCHURCH HOUCHEN DR N PROF REN EIL BE SHIP EWA M RN OW LS Society Awards 2017 IT IE LL C V E H I F Jonathan Silk, E N

Name Expertise BackgroundL I Director of Finance & N

G Operations, writes: Every year at this time we remind Fellows to Prof Richard Alley Pennsylvania State Wollaston Medal renew their Fellowship for the current year, or face being struck off – with the Prof Rosalind Rickaby University of Oxford Lyell Medal subsequent inconvenience of having to Prof Tim Elliott University of Bristol Murchison Medal re-apply. For the Society, late payment results each year in additional costs and Prof John Walsh University College Dublin William Smith Medal administration. In this economic climate Dr Mark Anderson Plymouth University PROPOSER: BRIANSTUAR MITCHENERT JONES Coke Medal PROPOSER: BRIANGRAHAM MITCHENER GOFFEY we must ensure that optimum use is SUPPORTERS: NICHOLAS PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: NICHOLAS PIERPOINT SUPPORTERS: KATHARINE BRODIE SUPPORTERS: MARY FOWLER made of Society resources and we Prof Ian Fairchild University ofAND& MIKEBirmingham MARK BUR HOUCHENTON Coke Medal AND& DAN MARK BOSENC HOUCHENE rely on the support of Fellows to Prof Caroline Lear Cardiff University Bigsby Medal achieve this. Prof Mott T Greene University of Washington Sue Tyler Friedman Medal Dr Richard Hinton University of Edinburgh Distinguished Service Award Mr Ian Kenyon Retired Distinguished Service Award Rotunda – The William Smith Museum of Geology R H Worth Prize Dr Russell Garwood University of Manchester Wollaston Fund Dr Susannah Maidment University of Brighton Lyell Fund Dr Sami Mikhail University of St Andrews Murchison Fund Time is running out for you to renew. To ensure Dr Richard Walters University of Durham William Smith Fund that you continue to support and belong to your TBA President’s Award professional body, please renew today, preferably TBA President’s Award online via the website; or you can call Burlington House and ask for the Fellowship Department. The Society is delighted to announce the names of the winners of its medals and funds and offers all its heartiest congratulations. The President’s Award winners will be announced at a later date GAME OF DRO N E S Photo: Alexander Kolomietz/Shutterstock.com

Image: Yerko Espinoza/shutterstock.com

n an industry that requires regular November 2013. Adrian Wilkinson* topographical surveys for mineral However, the use of these integrated royalty payments, geological face systems is not just limited to the UK discusses point-cloud mapping for aggregate quality Quarrying Industry. They are applicable surveys captured by I management and geotechnical to any geoscience application where measurements for quarry-face stability access is difficult or hazardous, and assessments, surveyors and geologists they have been successfully used for LiDAR and drones working in the quarrying industry surveying and mapping inaccessible and how data capture frequently find themselves working in coastlines, high alpine cliffs and sink- potentially hazardous environments. holes. is being adopted Advancements in long-range high- definition terrestrial LiDAR systems Mapping by the geoscientific (TLS) and unmanned aerial systems/ Many features and comments in vehicles (UAS / UAV’s, commonly Geoscientist have expressed the professions termed ‘drones’) coupled with falling continuing need for field mapping in costs has enabled remote and thus the modern age and the importance of much safer surveying, geological and doing so. I could not agree more with geotechnical mapping solutions to be those sentiments. However, the very adopted in the UK Quarrying Industry. nature of many of the mountainous This was recognised at the Mineral and coastal cliffs that we need to map Above: Eye in the sky. Point-cloud surveys by drones and LiDAR are revolutionising Products Association’s National Safety pose potentially serious hazards and an our science Awards held at BAFTA in London in associated high risk to those collecting

10 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST ~

THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS AND COASTAL CLIFFS THAT WE MAP POSE SERIOUS HAZARDS AND HIGH RISK TO THOSE COLLECTING DATA~ Top: Limestone coastal cliffs undergoing LiDAR survey

Photo: BNMK0819/Shutterstock.com Bottom Left: Obtaining rock- mass data upon which to perform geotechnical assessments involves discontinuity mapping of near vertical and heavily fractured rock faces

data. This is especially true in the Point-cloud surveys point-clouds that can be similarly quarrying industry, where obtaining Both photogrammetric modelling georeferenced into real-world rock-mass data upon which to perform and LiDAR laser scanning produce a coordinates. Cheaper LiDAR scanners geotechnical assessments involves survey or 3D model comprising many simply record the flight-time and discontinuity mapping of near vertical thousands or even millions of data bearing of the photons and provide and heavily fractured rock faces. points. These models are commonly a monochrome XYZ point-cloud. Point-cloud surveys collected by referred to as ‘point clouds’. However more expensive scanners will long-range high-resolution LiDAR Both systems can be either obtained also record the reflectance intensity and by photogrammetric techniques terrestrially from upon the Earth’s of the photon being returned; and if from either terrestrial set-ups (tripods, surface or from aircraft. In the case of also equipped with a digital camera, fixed stations or vehicle mounted) the aerially mounted systems the use then an RGB value can be ascribed to or mounted from aircraft provide of ‘Drones’ are becoming increasingly the point in the resultant point-cloud. exceptionally high quality 3D models frequent with several ‘Drones’ being This generates a similar 3D model, as a from which topographic, geological able to carry LiDAR scanners as well photogrammetrically derived point- and geotechnical information can as high quality digital cameras. cloud. be extracted without the need to Photogrammetric surveys comprise However, adding reflectance approach the rock-face. As well a series of data points that can intensity adds another dimension as being collected more safely, a be georeferenced into real world useful to a geologist – because harder permanent record of the feature being coordinates and attributed a colour brighter materials (buildings and mapped is made available for further from the overlapping photographs granites, for example) reflect more interpretation at a later date, should generating an XYZ RGB point-cloud. than softer duller materials (vegetation further corroborative data be obtained. LiDAR scanners generate and clays) do. Distance also affects ▼

WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2017 | 11 Photogrammetric surveys comprise a series of data points that can be georeferenced into real world coordinates and attributed a colour from the overlapping photographs generating an XYZ RGB point- cloud

A LiDAR point-cloud as captured in RGB and Reflectance Intensity (left) and post processed into Inclination and Confidence ▼ reflectance intensity – because the (right) further the photon has to travel, the weaker its eventual received response will be. Software is available that can compensate for distance-based variations in intensity and can also calculate the angle of incidence of the photon striking the object being scanned. This enables points with a similar orientation to be coloured Composite of with similar RGB values and makes terrestrial LiDAR data merged the identification of joint planes with UAS easier to identify. photogrammetric By comparing the distance- data from the compensated reflectance intensity Limestone coastal cliffs with the angle of incidence of the shown in the reflected photon, a “confidence” photograph value can be ascribed to the point. (previous page) Low reflectance and tangential angles of incidence are ascribed lower confidence values than those with high reflectance, striking the feature perpendicularly. Manipulation of the point-cloud in this manner generally enables block-edges to be more readily identified. In general terrestrial systems obtain a better model of sub-vertical features and The drone aerial systems obtain a better model shown has of sub-horizontal features (pictures). the LUASSTM registration Drones number GUAV- 0180 – see text Laws governing the use of drones are awash with anachronisms and abbreviations, such as: ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ (UAV), ‘Unmanned Aerial System’ (UAS), ‘Small Unmanned Aerial System’ (SUAS) and ‘Remotely Piloted Aircraft System’ (RPAS). In general, if it is carrying a payload (such as a camera, LiDAR, etc.) then it is a ‘system’. GEOSCIENTIST FEATURE

Otherwise, it’s a simple ‘vehicle’. For example, it took two pilots six Stringent legal requirements must be hours to plan the four flights necessary adhered to when operating a drone, to scan the sea cliffs shown in the in the UK and in many other national picture. An example of flight planning airspaces around the world. We have is shown in the accompanying picture. had experience in the UK, Republic It shows that the UAS had a planned of Ireland, Gibraltar, France and flight height of 60m and air speed of are currently seeking permission in six metres per second (12knots) and Canada. flew a total length of 2788 linear metres In the UK, the first requirement in eight minutes and 21 seconds, is that the Operator (whether ‘Sole covering a section of coastline 800m Trader’ or ‘Company’) must possess long and 200m wide. a “Permit to Undertake Aerial Work” Mapping the sea cliffs shown in the issued by the Civil Aviation Authority picture would have been a difficult, (CAA). In order for such a permit laborious and potentially hazardous to be issued, the operator must have process without the resultant point- an Operations Manual, detailing all cloud 3D model obtained by the the equipment being used and the UAS. In a similar manner, surveying capabilities of the staff operating it. and undertaking geomorphological To that end, all pilots must be able to mapping of the saturated clays failing demonstrate a recognisable level of along the coastline shown in the knowledge of aviation law and aircraft picture would also have been difficult handling competence. In most cases using traditional terrestrial-based this will involve the pilot, who has surveying and mapping techniques. passed the BNUC (Basic National The safety element, coupled with UAS Certificate) ground course and the acquisition-time benefit, is practical flight examination, actually immediately apparent. using the equipment they wish to fly. The drone itself also needs to be Application independently assessed (usually, at Our surveyor recently joked that he the same time as the flight test) and now pushes his mouse harder than be issued with a LUASSTM (Light his legs since we started obtaining, Above: An example of flight planning for one of the UAS Scheme) Registration Number. processing and analysing point-cloud four flights over the coastal erosion site featured in

The drone shown in the picture, for surveys. I am sure he exaggerates earlier pictures Middle: Point-cloud model of the coastal erosion example, has the registration number - but I can appreciate his sentiment! survey shown in earlier pictures GUAV-0180. Where a traditional survey would Below: A fixed survey station on the edge of a quarry Finally, the operator needs to have have entailed several days in the ~ an acceptable level of Third Party field (and maybe a day processing), Liability Insurance cover. Once all we frequently find that up to a day of these conditions have been met, is spent planning a survey, less than the Operator can legally undertake a day actually doing it – followed by MAPPING THE aerial work. Following the issue of a several days processing the data on a SEA CLIFFS SHOWN permit, UAS Pilots are also required high powered PC running 256GB of IN THE FIRST PICTURE to log their flights and keep a log of RAM. the battery discharge and recharge However, the resultant 3D models WOULD HAVE (in effect, the equivalent of an engine are invaluable. The picture shows BEEN DIFFICULT, maintenance log). These records a point-cloud model of the coastal LABORIOUS AND are submitted annually to EuroUSC, erosion survey shown in earlier the body which administers the photos. It comprises 730,445,364 HAZARDOUS examination and documentation on points each with an XYZ RGB value. PROCESS WITHOUT behalf of the CAA. From this model, geomorphological THE RESULTANT In terms of the practicalities of mapping can be undertaken, and POINT-CLOUD 3D flying, most UAS Operators fly under cross-sections obtained, upon which Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) criteria to base slope-stability analyses. By MODEL OBTAINED BY - being a ‘cylinder’ of airspace with comparing successive surveys, rates of THE UAS a radius of 500m and a height above retreat along any part of the slope can take-off of 400 feet (~120m) while be determined - either toe erosion by ~ retaining a clear line of sight to the the sea or crest break-back as the toe drone. This can make planning flights erodes and the slope fails. a challenging process, especially in Other examples of geo-hazards areas of great vertical relief. being mapped in this way are crown ▼

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▼ holes, sink holes and old lead rakes, all is not occurring but has picked up and calculated. being mapped using the UAS derived isolated small rock-fall events. The final pair of pictures show: a photogrammetric techniques. The use of the LiDAR has enabled series of joint planes being digitised Mass movement (such as the rock-fall predictions (see diagram) and the joint orientations determined coastal erosion described above) can to be carried out on a particularly on an “inclination” processed LiDAR be monitored using UAS-derived well-known film set in a dormant point-cloud, and extrapolation of this photogrammetry; but where smaller UK quarry (pictured). While Mance failure plane and of two joint planes movements are expected, terrestrial Rayder and his army of Wildlings forming a wedge failure at another LiDAR mounted on fixed survey and Giants add to the hazards of quarry location. The real advantage stations enables finer monitoring to be manning ‘Castle Black’, rock-fall was in this type of discontinuity-analysis undertaken. one hazard that was decidedly not is plain to see: not only is the dip and In the pictures you can see a fixed acceptable. The risk was ameliorated dip-direction recorded, but so is its survey station on the edge of a quarry, by designing a rock-trap into the rear geographic location within the point- and monitoring of a failure using of the Castle, against the rock face. cloud survey. LiDAR from a similar fixed station. Subsequent annual LiDAR rock-fall Point-cloud surveys provide a This failure occurred several years monitoring has been undertaken to safely-acquired 3D model, upon ago during a particularly wet winter. ensure the efficacy of the rock-trap which subsequent geological Swelling of the mudstones caused design and to calculate the volumes of and geotechnical mapping can the retaining veneer of limestone to rock-fall occurring (picture). (For the be undertaken. While no remote fail. Since then, the failure has been uninitiated, who have been mystified mapping can wholly substitute the monitored quarterly and the rates of by my references, the fim-set is for ‘Mk.1 eyeball’, they do provide movement calculated. HBO’s hugely popular Game of Thrones valuable data in a form that can be In recent months, the rates have series.) re-interrogated again later, and can been shown to be declining (fewer Keeping with the theme of provide data in areas difficult or colour changes in the lower image than engineering geology, discontinuity hazardous to access. u the upper image). The scanner is able data (dip, and dip direction) and to obtain survey points 34mm apart at a extrapolation of those discontinuities range of 1700m and at the range of the as planes, can all be undertaken on *Adrian Wilkinson is Geotechnical Director at monitoring example (approximately a point-cloud survey. Numerous Land and Minerals Consulting Limited based in 350m) changes as low as 21mm can be software packages enable Dip/Dip Clevedon, North Somerset, UK. All information determined and has proved that further Direction data to be automatically correct at time of writing, but under constant deformation of the limestone veneer determined or individually digitised legislative review

Monitoring a failure using LiDAR from a similar fixed Rock fall predictions for the quarry shown above station. Changes as low as 21mm can be determined. These have proved that further deformation of the limestone veneer is not taking place. Isolated small rock-fall events have been detected GEOSCIENTIST FEATURE

A well-known (to devotees of Game of Thrones) film set in a dormant UK quarry

Middle Left: Annual LiDAR rock-fall monitoring has been undertaken to ensure the efficacy of the rock-trap design and to calculate the volumes of rock-fall occurring

Middle Right: A series of joint planes being digitised and joint orientations determined on an “inclination” processed LiDAR point-cloud A TALE OF TWO MAGMAS Photo: Bernhard Staehli/Shutterstock.com Katy J Chamberlain* is investigating zoned pyroclastic airfall deposits on Ascension Island with help from a Society Fieldwork Grant

cean island volcanoes, unrelated this work two unusual zoned fall deposits to clear tectonic boundaries were identified, showing variation such as rifts or subduction between scoria and pumice during the zones, are intriguing examples course of a single eruption. These two O of ‘intraplate volcanism’. While fall deposits vary in the way that they magmatic sources and plumbing systems change from pumice to scoria, potentially on ‘classic’ ocean island volcanoes like representing different modes of formation. Hawaii, Iceland and Tenerife are relatively We have chosen to investigate these well understood, they also highlight the deposits in detail because there is a chance surprising range of mantle sources - and that the preservation of the scoria-pumice magmatic evolution processes – that can be transition has captured a magmatic process detected in these isolated locations. that has not yet reached completion Understanding ocean-island volcanic (unlike in the other, unzoned pumice- processes is important, not only to help fall deposits). We therefore applied for forecast and potentially mitigate hazards a Geological Society Fieldwork Grant to from future eruptions, but as a test-bed return to Ascension to carry out detailed for viable mechanisms whereby felsic observations of these two deposits, and to continental crust can be generated on thin, sample them fully in order to understand mafic ocean crust. the geochemical processes responsible for Ascension Island is a small (12km felsic magma genesis at Ascension Island. diameter) ocean island volcano in the tropical South Atlantic, 90km west of the 2015 field season Mid Atlantic Ridge, with a population We undertook ten days of intensive of c.800. The island is a unique place, fieldwork in mid-2015, to place these accessible only by taking one of the 10 zoned fall units in stratigraphic context civilian seats on a twice-weekly Air with all the other eruptive units on the Tanker flight from RAF Brize Norton to island. We also took detailed, centimetre- the Falkland Islands. This flight stops scale stratigraphic logs through the units, at Ascension to change flight-crew and to capture compositional and textural deposit supplies for the RAF base. variations, variations in maximum juvenile and lithic clast sizes (with both Unique stratigraphic height and lateral variations), Volcanologically, the island is unique, unit thickness, and the nature of bounding with almost every type of volcanic deposit stratigraphic units. This allowed the present in its 96 square kilometres. While variation within subunit thickness, and most Ascension residents live on the lower maximum pumice and lithic sizes, to be mafic lava fields dotted with scoria cones measured and compared across a wide in the western areas of the island, higher area. ground in the central and eastern areas Fieldwork on Ascension Island comes boast felsic lava flows, domes, scoria fall, with its own unique challenges, not least pumice fall, pyroclastic flow and debris being its isolation. St Helena is the nearest avalanche deposits - with a complete landmass to Ascension Island, and that range in magma compositions from mafic is still nearly 1300km away! The island Above: Katy Chamberlain (l) and Holly Connolly (field olivine-basalts through to felsic trachytes has only 40km of roads, so most of our assistant, r) on the lava fields of Ascension and rhyolites. Previous work on the island fieldwork involved wandering across Above middle: Location of Ascension Island (GoogleEarth) Lower middle: Land crabs at NE Bay has focused on geochemistry, resulting in the trackless terrain on foot. Luckily Below: The compositionally zoned fall deposit at North reasonably detailed geological maps which no animals more dangerous than the East Bay outcropping underneath a thick trachytic lava display units based on their composition ever-present land crabs are hiding in the flow rather than stratigraphic relationships. undergrowth. We spent many hours Left: The ubiquitous Ascension land crab, Johngarthia We undertook a field trip to Ascension discussing the possibility of teaching these lagostoma Island during July 2014 with the aim of land crabs to use their claws for good - and quantifying the range of eruption styles pre-crush some pumice for us. Sadly,

and sampling their deposits. But during neither of us dared get close enough to ▼

WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2017 | 17 Fissure vent for the compositionally-zoned fall deposit, overlain by a younger trachyte lava flow at the head of the fissure

mixing event between a felsic and a mafic magma. Future work These contrasting, well preserved zoned fall deposits on Ascension highlight the contrasting magmatic processes responsible for generating felsic magmas, and their interaction with mafic lavas also common on the The mingled fall deposit, showing the bimodal clast type present in the deposit; island. The apparently closed-system red arrows indicate sampling horizons evolution of the compositionally-zoned fall raises the question of whether more felsic fall deposits on Ascension are

▼ assess whether the full force of their (up stratigraphic height, but with no evidence compositionally-zoned, but do not cross to 40-year old) pincers might be sufficient in their crystal chemistry for multiple the pumice-scoria textural boundary. for the task. magma compositions. Therefore, this Further work is required to understand fall deposit is thought to be the result how the magmatic processes, identified Fractionation? of the evacuation of a chemically-zoned in the zoned deposits, relate to texturally The compositionally-zoned fall is found magma chamber, which became more unzoned deposits on the island. only in the north eastern, younger, areas felsic in composition by closed-system The role of the closed-system crystal of the island, and is the best preserved fractionation. fractionation is unusual for an ocean eruption in all of Ascension Island’s island, where commonly, multiple history. Previous studies have dated Magma mixing magma types are known to interact. Yet, the overlying trachyte lava to be 163,000 In contrast to this compositionally-zoned Ascension Island is known to have a years old1, so we expect this eruption to fall, the much older mingled fall (picture) relatively low magmatic flux2 compared be of about the same age, but a little older. is not found to crop out in many locations, with other classic ocean islands, and it While it is the best-preserved eruption and is restricted to the island’s central area. is possible that this has an effect on the deposit on the island, the geographic The mingled fall changes rapidly from types and timescales of the magmatic area of outcrop meant that no meaningful pumice to scoria over a sharp boundary, processes responsible for felsic magma isopachs could be drawn, and therefore, no with no transitional clasts identified. generation, and therefore potentially eruptive volumes estimated. Although this deposit is not found in many significant implications for the genesis of Luckily, while exploring the coastal places on the island (and thus we could continental crust. u areas, we were able to identify the vent not draw isopach maps to locate the vent site for the compositionally-zoned fall site, or calculate the volume of magma *Dr. Katy J. Chamberlain, Postdoctoral Research by noting the presence of a fissure with erupted), we did derive insights into the Associate, Department of Earth Sciences, University bomb-sized clasts of the deposit in its origins of the mingled fall. of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK walls (picture). The logs through the We discovered multiple lines of E: [email protected]. If you would compositionally-zoned fall deposit show a evidence for mixing between the felsic, like to apply for fieldwork support money from the systematic gradation - from more-evolved, pumice-producing magma, and much Society, please go to W: www.geolsoc.org.uk/grants creamy pumice at the base through to less-evolved mafic, scoria-producing slightly less-evolved, light brown pumice magma: including mixed clasts, bimodal in the middle of the unit, to the least- crystal and melt inclusion compositions, evolved brown scoria at the top. and chemical zoning on the felsic- ➤ References may be viewed in the Chemical analyses of samples collected sourced crystals. We therefore interpret Online version of this article. have revealed that the whole-rock this deposit as the result of a late-stage, Editor compositions change systematically with potentially eruption-triggering, magma

18 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST GEOSCIENTIST SOAPBOX

Chartered or Professional?

Martin Shepley CGeol PGeo compares and contrasts the two postnominals. Is it time for the UK to ‘go legal’?

n the last few years there has been a have been exhausted, not some personal fair bit of debate in Geoscientist on the publicity stunt)? Maybe not. The CPEG role of chartership and professional book explains it all, with some real SOAPBOX accreditation (see July 2014; June, August examples. Fortunately, despite much of its I & December, 2015). In 2010, I moved material being a bit dry, this book is simply CALLING! across to Canada, a country where geoscience is an excellent read, in fact the only textbook I a regulated profession (i.e. with parliamentary have ever read cover to cover. acts and regulations). After six years of practice So what does it mean in practice? Soapbox is open to contributions as a hydrogeologist in Canada I may have Are there any differences between how from all Fellows. You can always something to contribute. geoscientists do their work in Canada write a letter to the Editor, of compared to the UK? In Canada there course: but perhaps you feel you Registered is, in my opinion, a greater awareness of need more space? To call yourself a geoscientist in almost all conflicts of interest and a more guarded Canadian provinces and territories, you have by and measured approach to providing If you can write it entertainingly in law to be registered with one of the provincial professional opinion and advice. PGeo’s 500 words, t the Editor would like and/or territorial regulatory associations: i.e. be are encouraged not to stray from their to hear from you. Email your piece, a ‘Professional Geoscientist’ (PGeo). specific expertise. As the Canadian and a self-portrait, to The origin of the regulatory associations provincial and territorial professional [email protected]. is described in the Canadian Professional geoscience acts are mostly still relatively Copy can only be accepted Engineering and Geoscience (CPEG) book by young of course there are individuals electronically. No diagrams, tables Andrews (2009 – see Further reading). In this (they are by law not geoscientists) who still or other illustrations please. book some of the most prominent events related practise without being registered. Many to Canadian geoscientific practice that led to are caught when advertising their skills on Pictures should be of print this professional regulation are described. LinkedIn. quality – please take photographs Possibly the most infamous example is the Nevertheless, organisations that contract on the largest setting on your 1997 Bre-X scandal, when gold reserves were an unregistered ‘geoscientist’ do so at their camera, with a plain background. fraudulently overestimated by more than 100 peril, because their reports, without being

million ounces, with an estimated investor-loss stamped (i.e. at the minimum reviewed Precedence will always be given of six billion Canadian Dollars - the subject of and approved) by a PGeo, may be of little to more topical contributions. Any

the 2016 film ‘Gold’. The move to geoscience value if challenged, particularly if the one contributor may not appear more often than once per volume regulation in Canada has followed a familiar judiciary is involved. ~ and well-worn path where something going In the present ‘Post Truth’ age the (once every 12 months). wrong has needed to be fixed. public is now exposed to unprecedented quantities of dubious information through Differences the Internet. As geoscientists we need to be THE MOVE The differences between becoming a CGeol and perhaps a bit more circumspect about how a PGeo are not that great in terms of experience geoscience information reaches the public. TO GEOSCIENCE required and qualifications. However, where Canada’s move to a regulated geoscience REGULATION IN CGeol has the ‘professional interview’, PGeo profession provides some salient lessons CANADA HAS has the Professional Practice Exam (PPE). The that are worthy of consideration. PPE is not a doddle. To pass you need to know FOLLOWED A WELL- your ethics - the law and regulations affecting WORN PATH WHERE geoscience practice. Much of this is contained ➤ Further reading SOMETHING GOING within the CPEG book. Andrews, G C 2009: Canadian Do you know the differences between Professional Engineering and Geoscience, WRONG HAS NEEDED the four main theories on ethics (Mill’s Practice and Ethics. 4th Edition, Nelson TO BE FIXED utilitarianism, Locke’s rights-based ethics, Education, Toronto, 429 pp. (NB: The 5th Kant’s duty-based ethics, Aristotle’s virtue- Edition was published in 2013; author based ethics) or the ethics of whistle-blowing passed his PPE in 2010.) MARTIN SHEPLEY~ (truly a last resort when all other avenues

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The Man who Ate Girling skilfully marshals this An impressive array of topics is material into a coherent timeline that covered by the 29 articles, ranging the Zoo manages to recount not only Frank’s from regional studies to detailed life but the story of his discovery of it, case studies with an excellent The Rev. William while encompassing the anecdotes in a overview paper by Huston et al. on Buckland, father of the way that doesn’t fall into the other trap all zinc deposit types. The papers subject of this highly - for Frank’s misadventurous life does contain both original research on entertaining book indeed read like something out of the the formation of zinc deposits, such by environmental Beano, or Richmal Crompton. as the paper by Piercey et al on VMS journalist Richard In passing, Girling even manages deposits discussing controls on the Girling (who recently to throw light on the father. Did you formation of zinc-rich deposits, to gave us The Hunt know, for example, that Buckland père’s laboratory studies such as one by for the Golden Mole), occiput and cervical vertebrae were Boyce et al. on zinc geochemistry would also fit the description in its title donated to, and still survive under and the formation of sphalerite to (though perhaps he is less ‘forgotten’ glass at, the Royal College of Surgeons? excellent review papers such as the today). Son Frank was more than a chip Neither did I. one by Wilkinson and Hitzman off the old bonkers Buckland block – a reviewing the key processes childlike man who revered his great Reviewed by: Ted Nield responsible for formation of the Irish father and sought all his life to emulate orefields. him – including his zoophagous habits. Probably my favourite paper Although solemn scientists THE MAN WHO ATE THE ZOO – FRANK in the volume is an overview by BUCKLAND FORGOTTEN HERO OF NATURAL regarded him as a gadfly, he became, HISTORY Borg on non-sulfide zinc deposits if anything, more famous than dad: a by RICHARD GIRLING 2016 Published by: Chatto & focusing on the supergene sort of Victorian cross between David Windus ISBN: 9781784740405; 392pp, hbk. geochemistry that can give rise to List Price: £17.00 Bellamy and Brian Blessed who, as such potentially economic deposits. well as entertaining audiences and A nice feature of the article is the readers with his boundless enthusiasm use of hand specimen photographs for natural history, rose from being and photographs of ore exposure a military medic to Inspector of Her Current Perspectives in open pits, particularly from Majesty’s Fisheries (in which post he Angouran in Iran and explanation of was succeeded by none other than on Zinc Deposits 2015 the exploration method of ‘zinczap’ Thomas Huxley). solution, appropriately illustrated Frank was a barrel of a boy who got The Irish with suitable photographs. larger as he aged but never really grew Association Overall the volume adds up. Even as a man, he was likely to for Economic significantly to this important but produce slow-worms from his pockets Geology is an often overlooked commodity. The or wade into icy waters to see what it active association volume seems relatively free of really felt like to be a salmon, or defend in organizing errors and the editors and authors his views with the incontrovertible conferences. Each have done an excellent job of but specious logic of a 10 year-old. (He decade or so it completing the publication. If there approved of poor children not wearing also contributes is one small criticism it is that for shoes, explaining that shoe leather gets publications focused on an issue of many of the articles, presumably thinner as you wear it. Human leather importance to the Irish or European submitted in 2010, the references are gets thicker. QED.) mining sector. This new publication less than current and only a few of So why ‘forgotten’ today? Frank is a departure from this in that there the keynote papers appear to have made two career ‘mistakes’. First, he is much more of a global approach been revised to include relevant maintained the creationist views of taken focused on a single commodity, more recent papers post 2010. But his father, long after 1859. As a result, in this case Zinc. this is a small gripe and in no way his popular books dated quickly and The papers in this volume arise out diminishes the relevance of the condemned him a stuckist. Second, of a conference in 2010 (ZINC2010) volume not just to those working he committed the unforgiveable sin of held in Cork, Ireland, and is a in the zinc industry but economic having fun, and being popular. Today compilation of papers presented geology in general and particularly he poses the biographer a difficult there by selected authors. Zinc is a useful as a reference source for and unusual problem, namely the pertinent commodity for Ireland that students and researchers. sheer volume of his writings, much has a large number of world-class of which were either wholly or semi- zinc deposits, some of which are Reviewed by: Rob Bowell autobiographical. covered by papers in this volume. He also hoarded personal papers, The volume contains papers by the CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON ZINC many of which are preserved. Add to keynote speakers as full papers (7) DEPOSITS this the fact that innumerable anecdotes or extended abstracts (5) as well 2015 by S M ARCHIBALD AND S J PIERCEY (Eds) Published by: Irish Association for Economic from his short, packed and highly as 17 other extended abstracts by Geology 251pp, sbk. ISBN: 0950989452, colourful career have been retailed by other authors. In addition a further 9780950989457. many other authors, and we have un previously published paper is List Price: €50.00 + p&p. véritable embarras de richesse. included in the appendix.

20 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST Would you like to receive a free book and write a review? Available titles are listed online, of which a small selection is shown below. Contact the editor for further information [email protected]

Strata and Time: To my mind, the book is an essential of 500 – 700 ma duration. The proposed remedial stratigraphic read for any spatial patterns (or kinematic styles) of Probing the Gaps in geologist, capturing the state of the art and supercontinental tectonic cyclicity range best practice in the same volume. It may from the hemispheric (‘introversion’) Our Understanding make for slightly uncomfortable reading to antipodal (‘extroversion’), with other in places for fans of uniformitarianism cycles incorporating characteristics I often think of the or who subscribe to the idea of near- transitional (‘orthoversion’) between these sedimentary record as continuous sedimentation in deep water end-member conditions. a quasi-reliable record environments. Two hundred and one years Written in the established GSL of past events, although after the publication of his seminal map, Special Publications series format, the as someone who what would William Smith have thought volume is introduced with a contextual works ancient glacial about it? overview paper and contains 11 research successions I am always contributions on the four identified mindful of how much Reviewed by: Daniel LeHeron (or hypothesised) palaeogeographic time is really preserved – kinematic supercontinent cycles. in the rocks, and how much is missing. STRATA & TIME: PROBING THE GAPS IN OUR Presented chronologically within the Can this missing amount be quantified? UNDERSTANDING framework of the three-fold geodynamic Edited by D G SMITH, R J BAILEY, P M BURGESS AND Emerging from the 2012 William A J FRASER. Geological Society Special Publication models, the cycles are - cycle 1: Kenorland Smith flagship meeting, this book is #404 2015. ISBN 978-1-86239-655-5. 325pp. to Nuna, cycle 2: Nuna to Rodinia, cycle an excellent resumé of the problems List Price: £120.00. Fellows Price: £60.00. 3: Rodinia to Pannotia / Gondwana and associated with incompleteness in the W: https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SP404 cycle 4: Gondwana / Pangea to Amasia. sedimentary record, how much time is (Kenorland is the title given to the missing (e.g. in shale: paper by Tabucho- postulated supercontinent at the Archean Alexandre, and in karst landscapes: – Palaeoproterozoic transition). Plotnick et al.). The publication year - Supercontinent Cycles Current and continuing research 2015- was an auspicious one, falling 200 through Earth History from the related disciplines of mantle years exactly after the publication of convection cell and plume dynamics, ‘Strata Smith’s’ map. palaeomagnetism, geochronology, The tome is sensibly organised into Geoscientist readers geochemistry, metallogenesis and sets of papers dealing with (i) continuity, who viewed the tectonostratigraphy have all combined to completeness and the Geological Time recently repeated provide valuable new insights. Scel, (ii) gaps, fractals and scaling, BBC4 broadcast of Iain All contributions are well written (iii) stratal hierarchies and cycles and Stewart’s series ‘The and edited, concisely laid-out with clear (iv) strata and time in the field and Rise of the Continents’, and appropriate figures, photographs subsurface. The volume thus generally were provided with an and data-tables. Many are presented in evolves from the theoretical and eminently watchable, colour and enhance the understanding modelling based realm to real world informative and of the textual details. The volume is examples. Rocks themselves only appear accessible introduction to the evolutionary a comprehensive contribution to this in 15 photos in the first 240 pages, with cycling of Earth’s continents and interdisciplinary field, and the editors are the latter part of the book becoming supercontinents. to be congratulated. A recommended read much more enriched with photographic This GSL Special Publication presents and authoritative reference work. material. That’s not to say that the the geoscientific research underpinning earlier part of the book does not contain the subject, reporting current Reviewed by: Mark Griffin excellent visuals: it does, with graphs and developments in numerical and theoretical maps more common. modelling, source data acquisition used in SUPERCONTINENT CYCLES THROUGH EARTH Many of the chapters are highly continental reconstructions and the spatial HISTORY provocative either in title or in / temporal correlations between global by LI, Z X, EVANS D A D AND MURPHY J B (eds) Geological Society of London Special Publication content: the first major paper by geodynamic events, plate kinematics #424. 2016. ISBN 978-1-86239-733-0. (hbk). Miall, for example, asks whether and palaeoenvironmental histories. 297pp. ISSN 0305-8719. uniformitarianism requires updating or Investigating how supercontinent List Price: £110.00, W: www.geolsoc.org.uk/sp424 whether it is, instead, a series of “frozen cycles interact with the deep mantle is accidents”. The book also contains one of fundamental to understanding how the the most entertaining yet potent abstracts Earth’s tectonic ‘engine’ operates. I have ever seen, reproduced herein in The supercontinent-cycle model full: “Ths wht th fn-grnd mrine sdmtry assigns episodic global-scale tectonic The Aqueous rcrd rlly lks like”. events to an essentially self-regulating Chemistry of Oxides The book also has chapters which help system of mantle convection, controlled the non-specialist to understand how by the relative buoyancy of continental the science of stratigraphy is really done. lithosphere that ‘opposes’ subduction The Earth is composed principally Take the Alan Smith et al. paper, which during the closure of existing of oxides, and so the study and reads as a grand introduction to how ocean basins, with the consequent understanding of these materials is global boundary stratotype section and reorganisation of mantle convection cells relevant to almost every branch of point (GSSPs) are established, with lots of leading to the opening of new ocean the Earth sciences. This book aims to useful guiding principles in the process. basins. Cycle timescales are each typically provide a comprehensive overview of ▼

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the principle aspects weathering. resources themselves, the authors have of the interaction of Overall this is a book with much to chosen to disaggregate those covered aqueous solutions recommend it, but with a list price of into ‘groups’: such as energy, technology and oxides, and to £97 is likely to be a carefully considered elements, agricultural, and construction act as a reference purchase for most readers. and industrial minerals, which all helps for those interested draw out the relevance of each in the in this subject. Reviewed by: John Heneghan context of economic, environmental The book is and social challenges. It also provides principally focused a contextual framework in which to on oxides in the environment but THE AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY OF OXIDES consider minerals in society, aside from this is a broad-ranging text, and is BRUCE C BUNKER & WILLIAM H CASEY, 2016. their more esoteric natures as Earth Published by: Oxford University Press 604pp (hbk) ISBN: not purely concerned with Earth 9780199384259 List Price: £97.00. materials. system processes. Included content W: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the- As is often the case, broad topical also includes such subjects as glass aqueous-chemistry-of-oxides-9780199384259?q= coverage takes place at the expense of 9780199384259&lang=en&cc=gb dissolution and metal corrosion. significant depth; however this large and The book is primarily a technical comprehensive text is useful as a basic, text, covering numerous aspects of core textbook for college, undergraduate inorganic aqueous chemistry, and and masters level students, and a as such a reasonable comprehension Mineral Resources worthwhile advanced reference to of physical chemistry is required to have to hand. It covers a lot of basic elicit maximum value from its pages. Economics and the background information that may be However, it is worth noting that as Environment of benefit to a non-specialist audience, although a technical text, it is written but which the more experienced reader in a very readable and relatively may feel free to ‘take as read’. This informal manner and provides an While it superficially is a collection of interesting material, engaging overview of its subject it has the look and well illustrated with images and matter. heft of a standard examples and presented in logically and The book is illustrated with student text, this book consistently. Colour plates are limited, numerous black and white figures provides rather more but are very helpful in supporting and throughout, with key illustrations engaging content and enriching the text, as are the extensive included within a 27 colour plate topical diversity than appendices and glossaries. insert in the text. The selection of might be expected. figures to be included as colour It covers topics Reviewed by: Carla Leanne Washbourne plates does not always appear to be across the full range of its title, taking logical, with many useful figures the reader on a journey from mineral MINERAL RESOURCES, ECONOMICS AND THE that would benefit from colour only resource formation and geochemistry, ENVIRONMENT given in black and white, and a exploration and production to the by HAAKON FOSSEN, 2016. Published by Cambridge University Press. number of colour plates produced economic and legal settings in which 524pp (hbk) ISBN-13: 978-1107057647 of photographs that add little of the minerals industry operates. As an List Price: £50. W: http://folk.uib.no/nglhe/ scientific value. However, this updated and revised edition, it includes is a relatively minor quibble and additional contemporary context to illustrations are generally well used. issues discussed, and provides some BOOKS FOR REVIEW The book is arranged into seven timely overviews of relatively recent sections, with several chapters developments in mineral demand, Please contact [email protected] if you would within each section, covering distinct extraction and applications. like to supply a review. You will be invited to keep the review copy. See a full up-to-date list at One area in which this text excels thematic areas of the subject - as well www.geolsoc.org.uk/reviews as a general introduction to oxides is in providing a lot more practical and oxide chemistry. The layout and applied content (and context, ensures that navigation on the basis for that matter) than many standard ◆ NEW! Integrated Environmental modelling to of subject area is straightforward, textbooks. Frequent asides in text- Solve Real World Problems. Geol Soc Spec pub further aided by comprehensive boxes provide particularly useful #408, 2017 by Riddick et al (eds) substance and subject indexes. expansions and insights into the ◆ NEW! Petroleum Geoscience of the West Africa Much of the content could be more contemporary social, economic Margin. Geol Soc Spec. pub. #438, 2017 by regarded as general reference and political challenges surrounding Sabato Ceraldi et al (eds) ◆ NEW! Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms: material for most Earth scientists, to mineral resources - particularly in the modern, Quaternary and Ancient Geological context of sustainability and sometimes be dipped in an out of as required. Society Memoir #46 by Dowdeswell et al Other sections however, such playfully, as in ‘The Global Footprint of a ◆ NEW! Waves, Particles and Storms in Geospace as those on ‘fundamental oxide Smartphone’. by Balasis et al. 2016 Oxford University Press reactions in aqueous solutions’ and From geochemical reservoirs and 448pp hbk ‘the environmental geochemistry reserve estimates to the assessment and ◆ NEW! Lake Pavin - history, geology, of oxides’ should be considered for treatment of pollution; from processing biogeochemistry and sedimentology of a deep reading in their entirety as they to mineral law and land-access rights, meromictic maar lake, by Sime-Ngando et al., contain much useful information, the introductory materials cover a truly (Eds) 2016 Springer. 421pp, hbk particularly on the subject of oxide massive swathe of concerns. For mineral

22 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST Upgrade your Fellowship to include THE FULL BOOK COLLECTION

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Find out more about upgrading your Fellowship status to include this useful collection by logging into your MyGSL account at www.geolsoc.org.uk/fellowsaccess, by contacting the Membership team: [email protected], or contact the Publishing House: +44 (0)1255 445 046, [email protected]

CAROUSEL IN MEMORIAM WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/OBITUARIES

All Fellows of the Society are THE SOCIETY NOTES WITH SADNESS THE PASSING OF: entitled to entries in this column. Please email Absalom, Sydney Stuart * Palmer, Stephen J * [email protected], Armitage, John * Piffaretti, Joseph* quoting your Fellowsip number. Ayers-Morgan, Christopher * Pipes, Kenneth P * Boyd, David Murray * Rawcliffe, Eric * Davis, Robert Vincent * Roberts, John Cole ◆ Drysdall, Alan Roy * Saunders, John Baverstock Richard Hughes Geddes, James D*§ Smith, Robert L * has been appointed Jenner-Clarke, Hugh Clifford David * Stokes, David R * Executive Secretary Morgan, Daniel * Wright, Ernest * of the Society. Dr Hughes is currently Director In the interests of recording its Fellows’ work for posterity, the Society publishes obituaries of Business Development online, and in Geoscientist. The most recent additions to the list are in shown in bold. Fellows at the Coal Authority, prior for whom no obituarist has yet been commissioned are marked with an asterisk (*). The symbol to which he was Director of § indicates that biographical material has been lodged with the Society. Information at BGS. He will take If you would like to contribute an obituary, please email [email protected] to be up the position in early May. Dr commissioned. You can read the guidance for authors at www.geolsoc.org.uk/obituaries. Hughes is a Fellow, has served To save yourself unnecessary work, please do not write anything until you have received a on Council and has been a commissioning letter. Chartered Geologist since Deceased Fellows for whom no obituary is forthcoming have their names and dates recorded 2001. An interview will appear in a Roll of Honour at www.geolsoc.org.uk/obituaries. in the May issue.

NEW YEAR’S HONOURS

◆ Jane Francis, ◆ Edmund Nickless ◆ Willy Aspinall Director of the British has received an MBE was awarded a CMG for Antarctic Survey, has (Member of the Order services to the Government received a DCMG for of the British Empire) and community in Montserrat. her services to UK polar for services to geology. Currently Cabot Professor science and diplomacy Mr Nickless was the in Natural Hazards and from the Foreign and Commonwealth Geological Society’s Executive Risk Science at the University of Bristol, Office. As well as her research, Secretary for 18 years, retiring Professor Aspinall travelled to Montserrat Professor Francis has been closely in 2015, and currently serves on in 1995 as scientific advisor following a involved with the Antarctic Treaty, the Executive Committee of the major eruption, and spent the next 20 and in 2014 received the Geological International Union of Geological years advising the Montserrat and British Society’s Coke Medal in recognition Sciences (IUGS). In 2016 he was governments on protecting communities of her extensive work in both science awarded the Geological Society’s from eruptions. He received the Geological and policy. Distinguished Service Award. Society’s William Smith Medal in 2012.

◆ Paul Lyle’s book The Abyss of Time (see Geoscientist 26.10, November 2016) has won the book award at the annual conference of the Association for Science Education. The award is designed to celebrate science writing that educates and inspires science learners of all ages. A panel of independent reviewers from different sectors of science education considered 15 books, out of which three were shortlisted. Paul’s book was overall winner.

24 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST GEOSCIENTIST PEOPLE NEWS

Geoscientists in the news and on the move in the UK, Europe and worldwide

Memoir 46 published

L-R: Dr Brian Todd (Canadian Geological Survey, editor), Evelyn Dowdeswell (Scott Polar Research Institute, The volume, sponsored by BP, ENI, Cambridge, editor), Prof. Julian Dowdeswell (Scott Polar Research Institute, editor-in-chief), and His Kongsberg and Det norske, contains over Excellency Snr. Rolando Drago Rodriguez (Chilean Ambassador to the UK) 180 contributions

Mr Malcolm Brown, GSL President, welcomed the Chilean Ambassador to the UK, editors, authors and sponsors of ‘Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms’ on 23 January 2017. Three years in the making, this magnificent £140 volume is available to Fellows at 50% discount. Go to www.geolsoc.org.uk/M0046 to secure your copy! At time of writing, a copy was also available for review.

www.stonechatproductions.co.uk

WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2017 | 25 PEOPLE NEWS

DISTANT THUNDER Fossils and fish

Geologist and science writer Nina Morgan* discovers the lesser known talents of Benjamin Peach

Best known for his work on the complex stratigraphy and tectonics of the Southern Uplands and the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, Benjamin Peach [1842 – 1926] owed his entry into geology to his father’s talent for finding fossils. Although born in Cornwall, Benjamin grew up from the age of 7 in Scotland where his father, Charles, a coastguard officer and amateur naturalist and geologist, was posted. Charles’s discovery of important fossils at Durness, caught the attention of Sir Roderick Murchison [1792 – 1871]. Ben Peach (right) with John Horne at Inchnadamph Murchison, noticing the ability of the younger Peach, arranged for Benjamin to study in London at the Royal School of Song of praise For the ricket of his reel brought the fish Mines. Benjamin joined the Geological from their bed But along with his talent for field mapping, Survey in 1862, where his first task was to And the swish of his line high over his head Peach was also known among his assist in the determination of fossils in the They hurried up in shoals to be all struck colleagues for his great skill in fishing, a London office, before moving to the Scottish dead talent recorded in song in the notebook branch to map glacial deposits, and where By a wave of his wand in the morning he discovered his great love and talent for of another young Survey geologist, Henry Cadell [1860 – 1934]. field work. When Peach died on 29 January In 1867, Peach was entrusted with the 1926, he was the subject a number of D’ye ken Ben Peach with his shoulders training of a new recruit, John Horne [1848 glowing obituaries in the geological press broad – 1928], and the rest, as they say, is history. highlighting his amiable personality and His dimpled cheeks and smiling nod? The pair worked together for nearly 60 years mapping and artistic skills. But surprisingly, D’ye ken Ben Peach with his reel and rod and became known for their legendary there seems to have been no mention of his As he starts for the loch in the morning work on unravelling the complex Scottish death in Fishing News, aka ‘the voice of the geology and the geological formation of the industry since 1913’. Highlands. Yes I ken Ben Peach and Jock Scott too The mallard wind and black Tulu [sic] You should see him at sport in Kylesku ➤ Acknowledgement With a whale on his line in the morning The verses about Peach are quoted in: The Highlands Controversy: He lived at Durness for many a day Constructing Geological Knowledge through Field Work in Nineteenth With old Robert Sutherland at Sango Bay Century Britain, And was once nearly killed in a furious fray by David Oldroyd, With a Frenchman at one in the morning Chicago University Press, 1990. Other sources for this vignette include the entry for Benjamin He tried camp life near Achamore Peach by David Oldroyd in the But the rain came down in a steady pour Dictionary of National Biography, So all he could do was to lie and snore and the obituary of Benjamin Till seventeen o’clock in the morning Neeve Peach by E B Bailey, which appeared in the Geological Then here’s to Ben Peach and his sunny Magazine, 1926, pp. 187 – 190. smile As he comes home at night from a day on * Nina Morgan is a geologist and science the kyle writer based near Oxford. Her latest book, May the fish aye rise in a splendid style The Geology of Oxford Gravestones, is To Peach-flavoured flies in the morning available via www.gravestonegeology.uk

26 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST GEOSCIENTIST CALENDAR Can’t find your meeting? Visit www.geolsoc.org.uk/listings [Full, Accurate, Up-To-Date]

ENDORSED TRAINING/CPD

COURSE DATE VENUE AND DETAILS

Introduction to Micromine (Subsidised) 7-8 March Micromine, 36 Whitefriars Street, London EC4Y 8BQ. Fees: £110. E: [email protected]

Resource Estimation in Micromine 9-10 March Micromine, 36 Whitefriars Street, London EC4Y 8BQ. Fees: £500. E: [email protected]

Lapworth’s Logs n/a ‘Lapworth’s Logs’ is a series of e-courses involving practical exercises of increasing complexity. Contact: [email protected]. Lapworth’s Logs is produced by Michael de Freitas and Andrew Thompson.

PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE ARE MANY MORE MEETINGS FOR WHICH WE DO DIARY OF MEETINGS 2017 NOT HAVE SPACE. ALWAYS CHECK WITH WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/LISTINGS

COURSE DATE VENUE AND DETAILS

School Geology Challenge 2017 1 March Venue: Coleg Sir Gâr, Llanelli. Time: 1700. Free to schools. South Wales Regional Contact: Paul Maliphant E: [email protected]

Schools Geoscience Workshop and 1 March Venue: Fitzroy Building, Plymouth University Drake Circus, Competition 2017 Plymouth, Devon. PL4 8AA. Time: 1500. South West Regional Contact: Gordon Neighbour E: [email protected]

Lyell Meeting 2017: Sticking Together 7 March Venue: Burlington House. Fees and discounts apply. For details - microbes and their role in forming and registration, see website. sediments Contact: Naomi Newbold E: [email protected]

Geological Society, Micropalaeontological 7 March Venue: LT 1.40 Cardiff University, Main Buliding, CF10 3AT. Society, Palaeontographical Society, Time: 1730 for 1800 finish at 1900. Free. Palaeontological Association Contact Simon Hughes E: [email protected]

Tip management in South Wales 8 March Venue: Burlington House. Speakers from Fugro. Time: 1730 for Southern Wales Regional 1800. Contact: E: [email protected]

Glacial Ground Models from Offshore 21 March Venue: See website. Speaker: Jens Holtvoeth - Bristol University. Ground Investigations Time: Evening meeting. See website. Engineering Group Contact E: [email protected]

Subsurface Sand Remobilization and 22-23 March Venue: Burlington House. For details, fees and registration see Injection website. Contact Sarah Woodcock Petroleum Group E: [email protected]

Pioneering Female Geologists 23 March Venue: Chester university. Speaker: Cynthia Burek. Time: See North West Regional website. Contact E: [email protected]

A joint lecture with the NI Geotechnical 27 March Venue: See website. Speaker: Dr Tony Waltham. Time 1830. Group Contact E: [email protected] Northern Ireland Regional

Earth’s Climate Evolution - a New 28 March Venue: Royal Overseas League, Edinburgh. Time: 1800 for 1830. (Geological) Perspective Speaker: Colin Summerhayes. Fees apply for non-members. Central Scotland Regional Book at W: https://earth-climate-evolution.eventbrite.co.uk Royal Scottish Geog. Soc.

Contaminated Land: 29 March Venue: Burlington House. Time: 13.30. Perspectives on Land Contamination Register with Sarah Hey at E: [email protected] Year of Risk Contact E: [email protected] Contaminated Land Group

WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2017 | 27 GEOSCIENTIST OBITUARY

OBITUARY Alfred Brian Hawkins 1934-2016

Engineering geologist and former Chair of the rian Hawkins came Engineering Group hugely respected as researcher, conference on slope stability into engineering teacher and consultant held at Bristol in 1972, the papers geology via from which were published the geography and a following year in QJEGH. He B keen interest in edited QJEGH (1990-3), having the Quaternary. He studied published in the journal on at Bristol University between several occasions previously. 1952 and 1956 before taking He was at one stage on the a teaching qualification and Géotechnique advisory panel. joining the staff at Bristol’s Subsequently, he served as first comprehensive school. Vice President for Europe for Although he always loved the International Association for teaching, he continued his own Engineering Geology and the research, eventually returning Environment (IAEG) (1995-8) and to the University where he was assisted by his partner Marian, awarded a PhD in 1970. He was was Editor-in-Chief of the an active academic, supervising Bulletin of Engineering Geology over 30 PhDs, publishing more and the Environment for 15 than 120 papers, for which he years (1998-2012). He narrowly was awarded a Readership in missed being elected President 1979 and DSc in 1989. of IAEG in 1998, but was the first recipient of the Marcel Research Unit Arnould Medal, presented at Under his leadership, a the 2014 IAEG Congress in

strong engineering geological Torino “in recognition of people

research unit was created that of significant repute within concentrated on such topics the IAEG and who have made as slope stability in soils and ~ a major contribution to the weak rocks, engineering Association” (picture). geochemistry of sulphates Brian died suddenly in in the ground, and the firm, which was not allowed January 2016 aged 81. That day remediation of historic mines BRIAN HAD A to grow to the detriment of he and Marian had visited a site, and tunnels. He was hugely VERY ACTIVE RESEARCH his involvement, and which instructed the drillers, spent active in applied research, but employed a number of his the evening at a local hotel. His it was his unique and engaging CAREER FOCUSING former research students. last day was spent doing exactly teaching skills that set him ON THE TECTONIC what he loved doing and with apart from others. AND GEOCHEMICAL Active roles Marian by his side…. Way to go. While on the staff at Bristol Brian Hawkins was also University, he discovered that EVOLUTION OF GNEISS extremely active in the Alfred Brian Hawkins PhD, his skills were in demand in COMPLEXES profession at large. At first, DSc, FICE, FIMMM, FCIHT, the outside world. So, despite he operated in the arena CEng, CGeol, EurIng. 10 October being appointed Reader in of the Geological Society, 1934 to 22 January 2016 Engineering Geology in 1979, and geology undergraduates~ taking a series of active roles Brian found time to work as a and his PhD students gained in the Engineering Group consultant to the construction huge benefit from his experience where he was at one time ➤ By Eddie Bromhead and Brian McConnell sector. This unique on projects around the world. Secretary (1972-4) and later A longer version of this obituary combination of high level Right to the end he Chairman (1982-4), having may be read on the website. consultancy and academic work maintained a personal interest earlier contributed greatly Editor meant that his civil engineering in all aspects of the work of his to the success of the regional

HELP YOUR OBITUARIST The Society operates a scheme for Fellows to deposit biographical material. The object is to assist obituarists by providing contacts, dates and other information, and thus ensure that Fellows’ lives are accorded appropriate and accurate commemoration. Please send your CV and a photograph to Ted Nield at the Society.

28 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST GEOSCIENTIST CROSSWORD

CROSSWORD NO.211 SET BY PLATYPUS WIN A SPECIAL PUBLICATION!

The winner of the November Crossword puzzle prize draw was David Williamson of Dungannon.

All correct solutions will be placed in the draw, and the winner’s name printed in the May 2017 issue. The Editor’s decision is final and no correspondence will be entered into. Closing date - March 13.

The competition is open to all Fellows, Candidate Fellows and Friends of the Geological Society who are not current Society employees, officers or trustees. This exclusion does not apply to officers of joint associations, specialist or regional groups.

Please return your completed crossword to Burlington House, marking your envelope “Crossword”. Do not enclose any other matter with your solution. Overseas Fellows are encouraged to scan the signed form and email it as a PDF to [email protected]

ACROSS DOWN Name ...... 7 The irregular recurrence of the same 1 Agglutinised masses of primary ejecta, Membership number ...... expression within a verse or successive bigger than lapilli (7) verses of scripture (7) 2 Got hold of, or alternatively, Address for correspondence ...... 8 Great Ape (7) prevailed (8) ...... 10 Fractional shape-change or internal 3 Like 26a, hard, having properties of rearrangement due to tectonic activity (6) cryptocrystalline quartz (6) ...... 11 Slightly salty (8) 4 Orange stuck with cloves (8) ...... 12 Mineralised body formed by infilling of a 5 living fossil tree (Permian - present) (6) ...... rock fracture (4) 6 Non-agreement or opposition to a 13 Limit above which, under stress, elastic prevailing idea (7) ...... behaviour ceases (5,5) 9 Scientific philosophy eliminating Postcode ...... 14 Risk-taking or excitement-seeking biases, assumptions, emotions etc. (11) personality (11) 15 Albert of the Special and General (8) 19 Stellar explosions that briefly outshine 16 Sidnie M grouped under this name an entire galaxy (10) the Onychophora, Hexapoda and SOLUTIONS DECEMBER/JANUARY 22 ‘Slight amount’, though actually 10, and Myriapoda (8) the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet (4) 17 Uncontrolled releases of crude oil Across: 7 Deposit 8 Echidna 10 Escort 23 Variable resistor (8) under natural pressure (7) 11 Polarity 12 Fiji 13 Meandering 24 Berber ethnic confederation of nomad 18 Dutch city where a famous Union 14 Thousandths 19 Chlorophyl(l) (Platypus pastoralists, principally inhabiting the treaty was signed in 1579 (7) apologises for laying this egg) 22 Rune 23 Foramina 24 Teflon Sahara desert (6) 20 Undergo incremental change through 25 Halibut 26 Diploid 25 French work? More a form of onerous time (6) heavy labour (7) 21 Effect due to changes in perceived Down: 26 Chipped nodule, formerly imagined to gravitational force resulting from 1 Seismic 2 Lopolith 3 Diatom 4 Occluded 5 Mirror 6 Instant 9 Appalachian have been primitive tools (7) eastbound or westbound velocity (6) 15 Uxorious 16 Hornfels 17 Chloral 18 Anionic 20 Oxalic 21 Lithic

WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | MARCH 2017 | 29 Ground Related Risk poster 2017 v3 ARTWORK 12-16_Lyell leaflet 12/12/2016 13:42 Page 1

Ground Related Risk to Transportation Infrastructure

26-27 October 2017 The Geological Society, Burlington House, London

We are pleased to announce a conference for the Society’s chosen scientific theme in 2017 (Year of Risk). The meeting will focus on best practice for managing geotechnical infrastructure and is supported by the UK Geotechnical Asset Owners Forum. The conference will provide an opportunity to showcase innovative, industry leading approaches to holistic and tactical risk management across geotechnical infrastructure. Themes include: l Strategic management of risk for portfolios of geotechnical assets, including policy development, application and use within regulated industries, l Identification, assessment and management of ground-related hazards to transportation infrastructure, l Identification, assessment and management of hazards relating to natural slopes and hazards from third party land in proximity to transportation infrastructure, l Assessment and management of changing risk during asset deterioration, including monitoring procedures and methods, l Operational responses to geotechnical asset failures impacting on transportation infrastructure, l Assessment of Whole Life Cost and Value, including modelling, development of input data and validation of outputs, l Current state of thinking in assessing climate change and dynamic weather events that impact on geotechnical infrastructure. Convenors Simon Abbott (Network Rail) Clare Brint (Network Rail) Chris Power (Mott MacDonald) Tom Berry (Arup) Fiona Todd (The Coal Authority) Jonathan Chambers (BGS) Ken Gavin (Technical Uni Delft) Verity Smith (Atkins)

Further information For further information please contact: Call for Papers Georgina Worrall, Conference Office, We particularly welcome abstracts for oral and poster presentations The Geological Society, Burlington House, from geoscientists specialising in geohazards, engineering geology, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG geotechnics, hydrogeology as well as science communicators, risk assessors and risk managers. An important aspect of the meeting will be T: 0207 434 9944 to explore case studies and to consider what insights and understanding E: [email protected] can be shared across sectors and applications. Abstracts should be no Web: www.geolosc.org.uk/infrastructure17 more than 500 words and should be emailed to Follow this event on Twitter: [email protected], as a Word document. #GeoRiskTransport17 Deadline: Friday 26 May 2017

30 | MARCH 2017 | WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST Lyell poster 2017 v4 3-2-17_Lyell leaflet 03/02/2017 17:03 Page 1 William Smith poster 2017 v5 3-2-17_Lyell leaflet 03/02/2017 15:23 Page 1