Web Tv Manual

United Societies of Balkans Created by:

2 3 United Societies of Balkans

WEB TV MANUAL

Written by:

Ricardo Lima Aurora Real Celià Alejandro Robles de la Vega Michela Sartini

Thessaloniki 2015

4 5 CONTENTS

1. A brief history of the television 11 2. How to shoot a video 15 · What hardware do you need for broadcasting a WebTV? · Basic notions of video

3. How to edit a video 23 · Adobe Premiere · Final Cut Pro · How to create subtitles

4. How to create a TV show 41 · Where your shows can be uploaded - YouTube - Vimeo · Your TV show live

5. How the shows are promoted 57 6. Who we are 61

6 7 PICTURE

8 9 1. A brief history of the television

The birth of the images box demonstration of televised silhouet- te images in motion. Despite it was During the last decades of XIX cen- more closeness to the photography tury, within the development of the system, the first televisual device was photography, the television began born. Baird in 1927 broadcasted the to move its first step. The first essay first transatlantic television signal, be- to record moving images was ex- tween London and New York, and perimented for the first time by Paul the first shore-to-ship transmission. Nipkow. In 1884 Nipkow invented a In 1936 the BBC began transmitting scanning disk that combined a circu- the world’s first public television ser- lar disk, like the gramophone ones, vice from the Victorian Alexandra Pa- holes positioned in a single-turn spi- lace in London. Despite his great te- ral. When the disk rotates, the holes chnological improvement status, the trace circular ring patterns, and each electromechanical television didn’t hole in the spiral takes a “slice” throu- become so popular and in the end of gh the image which is picked up as a the 30’s it was replaced by the elec- pattern of light and dark by a sensor. tronic one invented in 1927 by Phi- A second Nipkow disk rotating syn- lo Farnsworth in San Francisco. The chronously at the same speed and in Farnsworth television introduced the the same direction, creates the image modern cathode- tube ray system that will be reproduced line-by-line. that has an electric device both for The size of the reproduced image is images shooting and the projection. again determined by the size of the disc; a larger disc produces a larger The spread of the fifth power image. The Nipkow disk device was used by John Baird in 1925. Inside Before the beginning of the II World the Selfridges commercial center in War just few countries started the London Baird gave the first public broadcasting television. In some

10 11 countries this appliance was consi- day people’s life. In 1969 when for important for the big television com- ding system: in the digital television dered too expensive in other the po- the moon landing, peoples of diffe- panies. any type of signal is translated into litical regime avoided its diffusion by rent countries for the first time found the so-called binary system, which preferring cinema and radio as main themselves to follow the event at the includes two simple values (0 and 1). channel of information. In the second same time. The first popular models For this reasons the nowadays televi- half of the 40’s television started to were the cable televisions that used sions are provided of inner or exter- spread in most part of the world and the analog transmission and showed nal decoders in order to interpret the in the following decade television be- images in black and white. Around signal and translate / reassembling it came the must-to-have appliance. the 1970’s black and white televi- in a clear message that, in the case Overcome the initial distrust for this sions started to be replaced by the television, will consist of sounds and magic box, during the XX century color ones and the satellite television images in the timeline. television gained more and more in- started to spread. Using broadcast fluence and it revolutionized -every signals relayed from communication By the way the main change concer- satellites, the satellite ned the way of making and produ- television introduced cing television. The XXI century has new channels and the known the birth of the Web-television. “pay-television” sys- It means that what concerns broad- tem. In the meanwhile casting of news, dramas and films in most countries, be- is no more related to the traditional side the public broad- ‘box’, every computer can become a casting television con- potential television with the possibili- trolled by the State, The internet revolution ty to access to thousands of news. commercial televisions On the other hand everyone can start began their transmis- The new millennium has begun with his own program by recording videos sions. With the crea- the internet revolution that pushed and uploading them on web platform tion of new television one step further the means of com- like YouTube or Vimeo. With the help channels the programs munication. During the 2000’s in de- of the right hardware and software offer has increased ex- veloped countries the transition from there is no need to attend big and ponentially and and the analog to the digital television professional studios to become a te- gaining audience has has started. The main difference be- levision producer. Let see the steps become increasingly tween them has concerned the co- for start running our own web-tv.

12 13 2. How to shoot a video

We should attend two technicals casting a WebTV?“ Later, some aspects for our web-tv that we are useful aspects about video shooting going to watch in this section. At will be explained in “Basic notions first, we are going to describe the of video” in order to you consider hardwares that we miss in “What them at the moment that you start hardware do you need for broad- to prepare your web-tv.

14 15 What hardware do you need for broadcasting a WebTV? 2. Of course, don’t forget Usually, people ask “How can we the camera and the broadcast live with webTV?” very microphone if your afraid because they are imagining laptop doesn’t that it’s necessary a lot of equipments have them. and cables. However, the truth is that if you have Internet you only need a little bag with:

1. A laptop, with at least 2GB RAM is right.

3. And a TV card, if you broadcast on live.

Actually, the hardware get use to be integrated in a modern laptop. In any case, the equipment isn’t useful without a good Internet speed. And the program, which means Server. You can find easily a free Server by Google but only for few viewers, or you can rent other one paying monthly for a year to have your private channel without commercial ads, because every free Ser- vers can play advertisings around your window or screen. 16 17 Basic notions of video

The video is the result of seve- Euclides and the chinese philoso- ral photos running very fast, but pher Mo Di, and with the conclu- it’s impossible to perceive with sion of the first taxed support with our eyes. To make a video, first Joseph Niépce around 1820. we need to know how to make a photography with some important First, the most important are this points. three concepts: diaphragm, shutter and depth of field. SHUTTER rest and farthest objects in a sce- A photography is the way to cap- ne that appear acceptably sharp in ture images by recording light or DIAPHRAGM ( f/ number) The shutter is the “window” of our an image. other electromagnetic radiation camera, who lets the light pass in a paper or in a media support. The diaphragm determines the through for a certain time. So the As we can see in the images of The invention of a photography apperture of the shutter and how shutter, is the velocity number the fly, depending of the f number is the result of a the combination much light we permite enter in the (v.) Is totally related with the dia- (diaphragm) we choose, we have of several technnical discoveries sensor or film. For example, if we phragm apperture. So we must more focus or less, because we starting with investigations in the V have too much light and it’s a very find the best velocity and the best have more depth of field. Century bC with Aristotelous and sunny day, it’s better to close the apperture for our take. If we need diaphragm, for example to a num- more sensibility, we can adjust the There are other points to keep in ber f/16. In the photo, we can see ISO number. mind: some examples of appertures. So, depends of our wish of the re- FILM SPEED OR ISO sults, we should think about the velocity and the apperture. The ISO (ASA anciently) is the sensibility to light of the sensor DEPTH OF FIELD (DOF) or film. It’s measured on several numerical scales, and determines Is the distance between the nea- the amount of light we need in our

18 19 So we should keep in mind these - To have the shot ready, with the points for the pre-production scene and the ilumination. - To have checked the audio before. · Which kind of spectator we will have. · We have to create the right atmos- We have to reserve more or less one phere, be original and play with the hour to prepare the scene, the ma- “magic of the cinema”. terial and to think about the shots, if · Find a nice place to shoot, with a we don’t have an storyboard before, good light and, if it’s possible where but is better to have a plan before. camera to take a picture or make a For example, as we can see in the we feel comfortable. video. upper photo, the horizon is sitting at · Make a list with all of the material Every shot has a difference meaning. the horizontal line dividing the lower that we need and revise all the stuff If we want to create more sensibili- RULE OF THE THIRDS third of the photo from the upper the day before. ty to the spectators, the shot has to two-thirds. So, like this, the sky has be as closed as possible, to reflect Keep in mind “The rule of the thirds” more presence and it’s more aes- To start the shooting we have: emotions better. There are different to make a capture. This rule, help us thetically pleasant, and like this, the - To make the color balance (with a kinds of shots, the most importants to have a better quality in our pho- sky has priority. But we can choose white paper). are: tography. Proposes that an image the priority as we want, it depends of should be imagined as divided into what we want to transmit. This rule, nine equal parts by two equally spa- can be used in landscapes, portraits ced horizontal lines and two equally and “bodegons”. spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should Things to be had into account to be placed along these lines or their create a video: intersections. Proponents of the te- chnique claim that “aligning a subject First, the most important thing is the with these points creates more ten- organization, the pre-production, sion, energy and interest in the com- such as decoration, characters, tech- position than simply centering the nical needs (lights, cameras, tripods, subject”. microphones...), etc.

20 21 3. How to edit a video

Adobe Premiere

1. Create a project.

Attribute a name and choose where do you want to save your project (Brow- se…). Create a new folder for the project and organize the files. Is important to have everything in the same folder in order to don’t have problems later. Choose the same format you took before starting to shoot. If you have problems with this, don’t worry, Premiere will help you automatically.

22 23 2. Workspace. If you drag and drop the from the - Timeline. Here is where you will edit tool in blue, you’ll just move the vi- your video. The timeline is divided in Note: if you don’t find all the following deo without sound. The pink tool video and audio. Move your shoots di- fields, it is necessary to open them on it’s useful if you want to use only rectly from Project area or from Sour- “Window”, in the top bar. the sound of your clip. ce area (mouse click + drag and drop).

- Project. Here you will have your material for edition. With right click of the mouse you can import your videos (.../ Import...) and create folders in order to organize them (.../ New Bin).

- Source. Here you will choose wich part of the videos do you want to use. You can use only a few part of your shoots. Drag and drop here from “Project” one clip. The timeline has video tracks and audio tracks. You can overlap clips and add more tracks (Right click on the mouse.../Add tracks…).

- Tools. Some tools to help you during the edition. Examples: With the tool in red, you can choose my clip (between the second 2 and to use your clip not from the begin- second 4 more or less). After that, ning but from whenever you want; you have to put it in your timeline. the tool in yellow, to delimitate the If you click in the video above this end of your clip. In this example, I panel and drag and drop to the ti- just want to use 1.21 seconds of meline you’ll move video + sound.

24 25 - Effects. Divided in 5 folders, you can How to use an effect: click on the put effects in your videos, on image effect, drag and drop it in the clip of and on audio. “Constant Power” (Au- the timeline that you want to apply. dio Transition/ Crossfade/ Constant In the tab “Effects Controls” manage Razor Tool: Useful to split videos. Power) is one of the most useful audio the intensity of the effect. The result On timeline just click where do you transitions, you can smooth the tran- will be shown in “Preview” panel. want to split. sition from a piece of audio to another. Drag and drop between 2 pieces of audio and the transition will be soft- ned. In “Audio Effects” fix problems that your audio can have. E.g. if the sound is working only in one side of your headphones, fix it with “Fill Left” or “Fill Right”. Is possible to smooth vi- Zoom Tool: Click on timeline with deo transitions as well. Choose “Cross this tool in order to put your timeline Dissolve” (Video Transitions/Dissolve/ with more details and change exactly Cross dissolve) and use it between 2 in the second you want. parts of video. There are many possibilities of transitions and effects, try them and choose the best option.

- Audio. Check always your audio le- vels. If the level reach red (peak) it will distort the sound. Try to keep it yellow (between -6 and -12 dB).

26 27 For transition effects you have to apply them between 2 clips and the inten- - Rendering. Do you see the green sity you choose increasing or decreasing the size of the transition. Check the and red line above the video tracks? example below. It’s the render line. To explain what rendering means we want to quo- te the professional explanation from Adobe Help.

«For clips based on simple source media that match the sequence settings and have only simple effects applied, Premiere Pro can render the frames that make up the sequence in real time. In this case, each frame is rendered for display just before the CTI (current time indicator) reaches it. Premiere Pro caches these re- sults so that it doesn’t unnecessarily redo work when you revisit a frame.»

The “Cross Dissolve” effects is between 2 clips. You can make it bigger or http://blogs.adobe.com/premierepro/2011/02/red-yellow-and-green-render-bars.html smaller and check the differences in “Preview” panel.

- Preview. This In other words, if the line it’s green, the is how your final computer knows what has to read, video will look so it’ll be faster. If the line is red, the like. computer needs more time to read and play the clip. The line can also be yellow and probably the computer knows what is the clip, but might do not know.

How to render? Taskbar.../Sequen- ce.../Render entire work area.

28 29 3. Exporting.

Did you finish the edition? Let’s- ex port the final video. If you rendered all To export High quality Good quality Low quality clips in your timeline, it gonna be fas- with ter. Go to File…/Export…/Media… and check this panel. Format H.264 H.264 FLV HDTV 1080p 24/25 HDTV 720p 24/25 Preset High Quality High Quality -

Choose 24p or 25p regarding the format of your shooting.

Recent versions of Premiere permit to export directly in a format for web- platforms as YouTube and Vimeo. In “format” you can choose them with reasonable quality (YouTube/Vimeo SD) or good quality (YouTube/Vimeo HD).

Click in the name to choose the name and the location where you want to export it. After all, click “export”.

30 31 Final Cut Pro terial that we have imported to Final effects… At first of all, let’s create a Cut Pro. new project. When we open the software, we find something like this: - The screen: where we can watch the materials: clips imported, the projects, the effects…

- Inspector: it’s the window that we will use to edit some audiovisual characteristics.

The bottom window is the place where we fix the material for our When we click in the button “Create project: bringing the clips, chan- New Project”, it appear something si- ging the order of them, adding some milar to this:

We can custom the settings to chan- appears in the second left top win- ge the video, audio and render pro- dows (the clips) with this icon: We have five windows divided in two The four windows in the top are: perties, although the name is the groups for an horizontal bar, which only thing that you shouldn’t forget. has different tools. There are four - The library: we can see the projects When you have it, click at “ok”. Then, windows above and another one be- that we have started with the software. you will discover that three of the five low. The bottom window is bigger windows have changed because our than the others because it’s the place - The clips: all the audiovisual ma- project is taken shape. Our project where we will work more closely.

32 33 We import the files following: File/ Once we have finished importing files, If you click on a clip, you will can chan- then Trim/Blade (Trim is the third op- Import/Media… Then, one window they will appear in the second left top ge the characteristics of video, audio tion in the menu after ‘File’ and ‘Edit’). appears to explore the files in our PC. windows (the clips) under the icon of and info with the options in the right However, if you just want to cut the When we chose the files, other new our project. However, if we want to fix top window (inspector). If you want to beginning or the end of a video, you window will ask us some characteris- them in our project, we should drag modify the color adjustment, the satu- can fix it modifying a side of the clip in tics before importing, like, for exam- them to the bottom window. When ration and the exposure, you have to the below window. ple, in which event we will use the files you decide the order of the files, you click in the button “show correction”, or if we prefer to create a new one. will have something like this: which is inside the inspector window.

The third window in the top from the left has other function besides showing the videos. You can find in its left bottom corner a button in which, Other useful edit function is cut the fi- in you click, you can transform, crop les. Most of the times, we want to edit We have already learnt the function of and distort the clips. a video just to cut it. In Final Cut Pro the five windows, so now it’s the mo- is possible to do it in different ways. ment to discover the horizontal bar One example is to select the part of which is between the four top win- the video that we want to cut, and dows and the bottom window:

34 35 that you would like to add to a clip, Once you have ready your project, you only have to drag from the effects you would want to export to a file. window until the clip which you want This is possible with the last shortcut The first part of the bar is formed by From the pull-down menu that appears to apply the effect. You can do it just button in the horizontal bar. Also, a group of buttons which are short to the right side of this first group of bu- as with video effects so with audio if you click on “File” and later on ways to different options. For exam- ttons is possible to find tools like blade, effects. “Share”, you will find all the available ple, previously we have talked about zoom, hand and, really helpful, trim. options: DVD, Facebook, YouTube, dragging the files to the bottom win- After photo and sounds browser, you Vimeo... And, of course, “Export dow to fix them in the project, but in In the middle of the bar we can see a can find the transitions browser. If file”. this bar you can see a shortcut to timer like this: you click on the icon, a new window append a selected clip to the primary will appear in the right side. storyline or a selected storyline.

Other example is the first button with Pay attention to the percentage which an arrow which points to below. This is near to the timer, because it’s the in- shortcut is useful to import media dication that we have when something from a device, camera or archive. is loading.

Finally, in the last group of buttons well as hold one frame, reverse a At the moment to export the file, a of the bar, we have some interesting clip or change the speed jump, for new window appears to show some options. The first icon is an enhance- example. information related to the video ments menu about video and audio. that you can change, like the title, Again, there are some short ways, in The next icon is the effects browser the author, the tags... In the same this case to the color board or audio and when we click on the icon, a new window, you can look at the other enhancements. menu appears to the right with the tab to change the settings (they are effects. If you place the mouse over the format or the video codec). For The second button is used to chan- an effect, you will see how works on Explore the differents options and example, you can choose to export ge the speed: slower and faster, as the video. When you find an effect effect to discover how works the just the audio, the images or both of tools that the software offers us. them. 36 37 How to create subtitles

There are many Open the video you want to subtitle At the same time you see the preview on softwares to subtitle (Video... /Open Video…) and the video’s the left. If this subtitle is done, click your video. We’ll use Aegisub. audio (Audio.../Open Audio File…). and a new line will be created.

Now is just to repeat the previous lines) or 35 characters per line. step. Delimitate the audio band with the red and blue line and write down When all your video is subtitled and you the speech. You can customize, even have a list of lines complete, let’s export though the personalization can not be it (File.../Export subtitles.../Export). recognized by webplayers. Save it in the same folder and the same name as the video. The type of the file Note: There’s a limite of characters must be SubRip (.srt). Open your video per subtitle. We recommend up to 70 with any player as KMPlayer or VLC You’ll guide yourself by the audio Between the red and the characters per subtitle (formed by two and you’ll see your video subtitled. band. You’ll listen it and delimitate with blue line is the speech you red and blue lines the beginning and want to put into text. the end of each part of the subtitles. This can be a toilsome work in the The next step is write it beginning while you’re not used to it, down in the white field. but it gets easier after some minutes. Don’t give up.

38 39 4. How to create a TV show Where your shows can be uploaded Finally all is ready, you have shot Dailymotion: this platform is ad- and edited the video and now you dressed mainly to professional want to upload it on internet. What users and for commercials becau- could be the most suitable platform se of his filtering out low quality and how to do it? amateur videos. On the other side “their back-end can be difficult to Searching on the web the top 5 of navigate at times, but once you fi- the internet platforms upon which gure it out you should be genera- you can upload your videos are: ting regular leads to your website”.

YouTube: the most popular channel Facebook: this popular social ne- through which videos made by pro- twork offers to his users the possi- fessionals and amateurs are shared. bility to upload easily their videos. Despite it, the audience will de- Vimeo: a choice between the ama- pend on the wideness of perso- teur and professional status, “ideal nal social circles. There are also for users who are serious about straight limits to the uploading: no their content and want to gain an more than 1,024 megabytes and audience”. no more than 20 minutes in length.

Veoh: this one gives to the vi- After this general overview, let’s deo-maker more freedom about have a focus on the programs size and length restrictions. It is the among these ones where the sha- ideal destination for users that want ring can be easier and suitable to to upload longer videos, including the amateur video-maker: YouTu- presentations, speeches and con- be and Vimeo ferences. .

40 41 - The recommended sound parame- 2) Now you are inside YouTube with 3) Click on Upload. Now you see it on ters are: MP3 or AAC format, 44.1kHz your account, you can see: on the the screen: sampling rate and the higher bitrate left a column where you can find ‘My possible, but no less than 192 kbps. channel’ in which you can see the General indications: Between his poli- videos that you will upload, on the cy guidelines the most important one How to do it: top -right part of the page, next your for the amateur video-maker is rela- photo profile, you can find ‘upload’. ted to the copyright: you can upload 1) Before uploading a video you have just videos made by you or the ones to be registered on YouTube. If you you are authorised to upload, you are already registered just log in, if Image 1 can’t upload video or music contents you are not you have to create an ac- in which the copyright belongs to count: Now you have to decide if you want others or without their permission. to impost right now the video: public (once uploaded everyone can see Technicalities: it), unlisted (just the people that you want can see the video), private (just you can see the video uploaded). For - YouTube accepts resolutions up selecting click on the arrow next to to 4K and file sizes of 2 GB, almost all popular formats can be easily uploaded to it. Let’s recall them: WMV, AVI, MOV, 3GP, MPEG, MP4, FLV, SWF, WebM, and MKV (h.264).

- YouTube states that the best format to use is MP4. It’s not as heavy as AVI and provides better quality than YouTube uses the same Google ac- FLV. WMV HD format seems to lose count, so if you have already a Goo- its quality, while 3GP and SWF reso- gle account you can be accredited by lutions are too small. using your user name and password.

Image 2

42 43 ‘Public’ in order to open the other op- to add further informations as the li- and on the banner under the video tions: cense: here you can choose between you have to click on YouTube standard or Creative Com- mons.

When the uploading is completed and you have put all the informations If you have not selected yet the lan- you can click on ‘Publish’. Once pu- guage of the video, it will appear a blished you can check ‘My channel’ window like this one: Click on ‘Select files to upload’ to if the video has been uploaded and upload the video (check ‘Image 1’). click on the title in order to open it. 6) Now the video is ready. If you want to change something you 4) You can see the video uploading 5) If you want you can put the sub- can click on the left column on process (check ‘Image 2’ in the pre- titles you have to open the video ‘video manager’ and then on ‘vi- vious page). deos’ and the videos will appear in your channel. Under it you can see the ‘basic info’: title (Vasilopi- ta Party), descrip- Click on select the language and tion of the video select one (English for example) and and tags. then click on ‘Set language’. Now it will appear to you the video and on If you click on ‘Ad- the right this: vanced settings’, a window like the ‘Image 3’ will appear. Now, click on it and select the lan- Then on the video that you are inte- guage (ex. English). On the right the rested in modifying click edit and it This window is 3 possibilities that you can use to will appear all the voices. useful if you want put the subtitles will appear: Image 3

44 45 7) If you want to upload a video second), you should encode your video that has more than 15 minutes at half that frame rate. For example, if length you have to go back to the you shot at 60 FPS, you should encode step 2. Click on ‘Upload’ and , ins- your final video at 30 FPS. If you’re un- tead of going further by clicking certain what frame rate you shot at, set ‘select files to upload’, take a look General indications: Vimeo has two ver- your frame rate to either “Current” or 30 to the bottom side of the page un- sions: free (basic) and paid members- FPS. If there is an option for keyframes, der ‘Help and suggestions’. You hip (pro). On this manual we will analyse choose the same value you used for will find this: the free version. As said for YouTube frame rate. Important: Always choose when you decide to upload your video “constant” frame rate instead of “varia- remind yourself to check the copyrights ble” frame rate”. of images or songs that you think to use - Bite rate/Data rate (the visual quality of If you want to change something re- Then click on ‘increase the limit’. inside the video if they belong to others. the video and its file size): 2,000 kbit/s lated to the licence or the visibility you for standard definition (SD) video; 5,000 have to select the video on the box on YouTube will say you that it is ne- Technicalities: kbit/s for 720p HD video; or 10,000 kbi- cessary to verify your account. the left and then click on ‘Actions’. t/s for 1080p HD video. Follow the steps to verify your ac- - Codec (the format through which count with a phone. You can choo- your video will be encoded): Vimeo ac- se between receiving the verifica- cepts most of the video codecs. It is re- - Resolution: Common resolutions for tion code through a text message commended to use H.264, indeed for SD video include 640 x 480 px (4:3 or an automated voice call on your uploading high definition video the user aspect ratio) and 640 x 360 px (16:9 aspect ratio). HD video is usually forma- mobile phone. should choose the High profile H.264 setting instead of Main Profile. The co- tted at 720p (1280 x 720 px) or 1080p (1920 x 1080 px). Once your identity has been chec- dec that are not accepted by Vimeo ked you can upload your video, are: G2M2, G2M3, CanopusHQ. you can upload files greater than - Audio: Vimeo recommends using 20GB. The maximum file size you’ll - Frame rate: Vimeo recommends to AAC-LC (low complexity) for the au- be able to upload to YouTube is upload videos with frame rates of 24( or dio codec. Data rate at 320 bits/s and Sample rate at 48 kHz. If your working 128GB and the maximum duration 23.976), 25 and 30 (or 29.97). “If your setting is already less than or equal to is 11 hours footage exceeds 30 FPS (frames per . 48 kHz, leave it as it is.

46 47 How to do it: Click on ‘Choose a video to 4) Now on the top of the page upload’. you can see the percentage of 1) Before uploading a video you have uploading. to be registered on Vimeo. If you are already registered just log in, if you are not you have to create an ac- you have uploaded (my videos) or count. Go on the vimeo website (vi- Once you have selected your video search for videos made by others meo.com), fill the form and the push you can see it enlisted for being (Discovery). uploaded and click on ‘Upload selec- join. In the same page you can also in- ted videos’. sert the informations related to the For uploading the video click on video like: basic info (the title, a Upload a video description and the language) and select the Privacy conditions.

3) Now you are almost ready to upload your video. At the top of the page Vimeo reminds you about the uploading guidelines, near this window you can find another window that shows you the MB of storage free per month: Vimeo will send you an email to your mail address asking you to give con- firmation to your inscription.

2) Now you are inside Vimeo with your account. Under the welcoming written you can find the menu through which you can see the video that

48 49 Clicking on ‘Collections’ you can 6) If you click on ‘Advanced’ you will add the video to your channel or find the option for adding captions to the groups of Vimeo that you fo- and subtitles. As you see in ‘ima- llows. On ‘Advanced’ you can link ge 4’ (look in the next page), you Image 4 your video to other web pages like have three options: a) choose file Instagram or Flickr and select what (for uploading a file with the subtit- kind of Creative Commons (Copyri- les already prepared), b) use launch ght) Licence you want. When the vi- editor to make new ones, c) create Image 5 deo uploading is finished click on: subtitles with the program Amara, an option that you can choose only If you click on settings under the For a general overview of your pro- if you have the upgrade version. You link ‘Video file’ you have the possi- file you can click on the banner at will upload subtitles through: choo- bility to substitute the video with a the top of the page on the voice se file. different version or to delete it. ‘Me’. Here you can see all the vi- 5) Now the video has been uploaded and you can find on the lower side all deos that you have uploaded and Click on ‘choose file’ and select the the informations about the settings, all your activities on Vimeo file with the subtitles (srt. file). Once it . the collections where you have put would have been uploaded you will the video, the statistics about the see like ‘image 5’ (look next page). views of your video and the possibi- lity to download it. Then you can put the subtitles on or off, choose the language and spe- cify if they are captions or subtitles. Don’t forget to save changes on the page’s bottom.

50 51 Your TV show live

Now that you have the necessary hardware to broadcast live, the first step is to have a website where your followers can see you. A blog, website, anything that supports html/ css and you can embed the window where you’ll appear. You must have a good Internet connection. We will use the website Ustream.tv, the most simple and effective free way to have your show live.

Image 6

Create your account (Sign up) and Arriving to this step, you can start im- choose Try it free, both at the up ri- mediatly broadcasting (“Start broad- ght corner. casting”) or add more informations, completing the data of your channel (1, 2) or watch a tutorial of how to use Ustream (3) (check ‘Image 6’).

Choosing Start Broadcasting you must give a title to your channel, a category and a description. After that you’re ready to be live. Fill up your personal data. Image 7

52 53 You just have to paste this code in a HTML section of your website/blog and your readers will be able to see you everytime you are Change the definitions of your TV How to embed live on Ustream.tv through your with ‘Image 7’. Manage the qua- website. lity, the volume, the camera and Go to your Dashboard and at microphone you want to use (in the section Channel, choo- You have quite lot freedom with case you have more than one se “Embed”. Choose what this website. You can upload pre- connected), resolution and ratio. it’s more convenient for your viously your videos and broad- You’re able to record the program website, you’re free to choo- cast them live on Ustream, analy- offline and put it live afterwards. se embed only the Player, only the Social or both. The “Com- se your audience, just explore bined” is a paid option. But your Dashboard Share the link in your social ne- . we can use Player and So- tworks and you’ll start to see cial separated. Click “Create your viewers counter growing. It embed”. Change the size, the is possible to have the window/ options you want your viewers screen in your own website/blog. might have and copy the code. Let’s generate an embed code:

54 55 5. How the shows are promoted 12 strategies to promote your You- example, provide a detailed and ac- Tube Video (from the book Ultimate curate title and description to each Guide to YouTube for Business), that of your videos, and associate tags are also useful for other platforms. (keywords) that are directly relevant.

2. Use a call to action within your videos to encourage people to like, rate, comment on and share your videos.

3. Begin by promoting your videos to the people you know, including your real-life friends, relatives, customers and clients. Ask these peo- 1. Start by using the tools availa- ple to watch your video(s) and share ble directly through YouTube. For them with their online friends.

56 57 4. Take advantage of the power reporters and producers in order 11. Consider paying for keyword 12. If you have the budget, hire and capabilities of the online so- to generate free media coverage advertising on Google, Yahoo!, a YouTube video marketing com- cial networking sites to promote for your videos in mainstream me- Bing and Facebook. Google Ad- pany to help you plan and imple- your videos. As a spokesperson dia, as well as in blogs that cater Words for Video is also a very ment an online promotional cam- for your company, for example, to your target audience. cost-effective and powerful tool for paign for your videos. become active on Facebook, promoting YouTube videos. Google+ and Twitter, as well as 8. Get your videos (and your You- other relevant services. Be sure Tube Channel page) listed with to create an online presence for the major search engines, inclu- your business on Facebook and/ ding Google, Yahoo! and Bing, or Google+, and then use that and then focus on SEO strategies presence to promote your videos. to get the best possible listing placements.

9. Try to collaborate on videos with other companies that are already utilizing YouTube effectively and that are targeting the same audience, but that are not in di- 5. Incorporate your videos into rect competition with you. This will your own company’s website and allow you to capture the attention blog. of your collaborator’s viewers and subscribers. 6. Share links to your videos with your existing customers or clients 10. Start promoting your YouTu- via opt-in email. be channel within your company’s printed catalogs, brochures, and 7. Use public relations techni- sales materials, as well as within ques, such as using press relea- its existing traditional advertising. ses to contact bloggers, editors,

58 59 6. Who we are The Web-TV manual has been They have developed tasks rela- created by a team from United So- ted with the project Balkan Hots- cieties of Balkans NGO. pot, which includes the e-magazine Balkan Beats, the e-radio USB Ra- The team is a foursome of Euro- dio - Onair and the web-tv of Uni- pean Volunteer who arrived on ted Societies of Balkans. In order to September-October of 2014 and give a good service in the web-tv, they stayed in the organization they received several training about for a period between nine and ten medias, and they have shared the months. knowledge through this manual.

60 61 Born in the island of Mallorca, Born in Málaga (Spain), Alejandro Aurora studied several degrees re- is graduated with honors in So- lated with cinema, tv and photogra- cial Education, post-graduated in phy. She loves filmmaking, but she labor integration and he studied discovered her love also for the TV masters in art therapy and art edu- when she made her internship in the cation for social inclusion. He wor- private TV of Balearic Islands. She ked in a prison and in a Hospital made a documentary and collabo- for people with Eating Disorders. rated in another one. She worked This mix defines to him like a so- in videoclips and short films as first cial agent who acts from pedago- assistant director and in an Spanish gy and psychotherapy with art as short film with some national prizes a tool to promote social welfare. as a script supervisor. Aurora is also What is his relation with the field of a singer and has been in 5 bands Born in Italy, Michela graduated in Born in Portugal, stu- this manual? He coordinates and before she went to live in Greece. Ricardo International Cooperation and Deve- died Communication Sciences: designs the e-magazine Sublimar- In USB, she made some videos and lopment. Passionate of music, she Journalism, Public Relations and te and he developed his EVS in helped and teached to other volun- attended a brief experience in a radio United Societies of Balkans. teers to shoot and edit video. Multimedia in Porto. He was in- station in Bologna. Then, with the aim tern in the public radio of Portu- to get new competences about radio gal and he is freelance journalist and media, she decides to leave the nowadays. There’s one thing he city of pasta bolognese and tortelli- always takes in his pocket: voice ni for moving to Greece, next stop: recorder. He was correspondent Thessaloniki. After having shooted for radios abroad during Greek two videos for USB with the other vo- elections. He directed a short lunteers she falls totally in love about documentary and made several video-making. Writing this WEB TV video reports. In USB he con- manual has given her the opportu- tributed with his knowledge in nity to improve her knowledge and to video-making, wrote for Balkan gain new capabilities. This manual is Beats magazine and worked so- supposted to help the beginners of metimes in design field. video-making, like her.

62 63 United Societies of Balkans

If this web-TV manual has been useful for you and you would like to continue learning with us, you should know...

WEB RADIO MANUAL

Available in: http://usbngo.gr/en/e-book/web-radio-manual

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