European Studies Research Institute Centre for Contemporary History
Treating and Preventing Trauma: British Military Psychiatry during the Second World War Nafsika Thalassis EuropeanStudies Research Institute Centre for ContemporaryHistory and Politics University of Salford, Salford, UK Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, October 2004 Table of Contents Acknowledgments iv Declaration Vi List of Abbreviations Vii Abstract Viii Introduction I Chapter 1: Trauma, Psychiatry and the Military c. 1860-1939 15 Introduction 15 Five disorders of the I 9th century 17 Psychiatry, Psychology and Social Medicine 1900-1918 34 Shell-shock 1914-1918 38 Intelligence Testing 53 The inter-war years 1918-1939 54 General Psychiatry 1918-1939 57 Conclusion 66 Chapter 2: The Administration of psychiatric services 67 Introduction 67 Preventionand Specialisation in the Army MedicalServices 70 Morale 72 The Army MedicalDepartment 74 The Directoratefor the Selectionof Personnel 82 Psychiatristsand the TavistockClinic 83 Psychiatryand Preventive Medicine 85 Oppositionand Patronage 90 Conclusion 99 Chapter 3: Selection of Personnel 102 Introduction 102 Currenthistoriography 104 Section1: Men in the Ranks 107 The introductionof new selectionprocedures 107 The purposeof personnelselection III The Reportof the British War Office Committeeof Enquiryinto Shell Shock 115 Factorsthat facilitatedthe adoptionof intelligencetests 119 Section2: The Officers 124 Selection 124 Validation 129 Meritocracy? 131 PsychologicalDefeat? 136 Conclusion 138 Chapter 4: Sutton Emergency Hospital 1940-1942 140 Introduction 140 Sutton1940-1942 142 ii Conclusion 152 Chapter 5: Psychiatry in the Theatres of War 153 Introduction 153 The Middle EastForce and the Historyof the MedicalServices 160 HaroldPalmer in Tripoli, 1943 170 AmericanPsychiatrists in Algiers, 1943 177 Italy, 1944 180 Conclusion 187 Chapter 6: Northfield Military Hospital 1942-1945 191 Introduction 191 The Setting 192 The First Northfield experiment 198 The SecondNorthfield Experiment 205 S.H.
Tavistock Institute - Wikipedia Coordinates: 51.5232°N 0.0861°W
12/23/2018 Tavistock Institute - Wikipedia Coordinates: 51.5232°N 0.0861°W Tavistock Institute This article is about the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. For the organisation which contains the Tavistock Institute of Human Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships, see Tavistock Relations Institute of Medical Psychology, and for the current National Health arm see Tavistock Clinic The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations or TIHR is a British not-for-profit organisation which applies social science to contemporary issues and problems. It was initiated in 1946, when it developed from the Tavistock Clinic, and was formally established as a separate entity in Abbreviation TIHR September 1947. The journal Human Relations is published on behalf of Formation 20 September 1947 the Tavistock Institute by Sage Publications.[1] The Institute is located in Founders Elliott Jaques, Henry Tabernacle Street in Islington, London.[2] Dicks, Leonard Browne, Ronald Hargreaves, John Rawlings Rees, Contents Mary Luff, Wilfred Bion, and Tommy Wilson History of the Tavistock Research units Legal status Charity Key figures Location Tabernacle Street, Current activities London Focus of conspiracy theorists Coordinates 51.5232°N 0.0861°W Notes Region United Kingdom Further reading Services action research, organisational History of the Tavistock development and change consultancy, The early history of the Tavistock Institute overlaps with that of the executive coaching and Tavistock Clinic because many of the staff from the Clinic worked on new, professional large-scale projects during World War II, and it was as a result of this work development that the Institute was created. Fields Social Science During the war, staff from the Tavistock Clinic played key roles in British Website www.tavinstitute.org (ht [3] Army psychiatry.
The Ingrebourne Centre (1954-2005) Vicissitudes in the Life of a Therapeutic Community
The Ingrebourne Centre (1954-2005) Vicissitudes in the Life of a Therapeutic Community by Dr Thomas Michael Harrison A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). History of Medicine Institute of Applied Healthcare Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham September 2018 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Acknowledgements This thesis is the culmination of many years of interest in therapeutic communities. During that time I have met with, and learned from, many hundreds of individuals. It is with regret that only a few of those can be mentioned here. My first thanks have to go to Craig Fees, archivist at the Planned Environment Therapy Trust, who has been a friend, supporter, advisor and mentor through both this piece of work and my previous study of the Northfield Experiments. It was he who stimulated this research when he informed me of the Richard Crocket Archive that had recently been collected by the Trust. My two supervisors Professor Jonathan Reinarz and Dr Leonard Smith have stoutly read through numerous drafts of chapters as they were worked and reworked.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Making Knowledge for International Policy Citation for published version: Sturdy, S, Freeman, R & Smith-Merry, J 2013, 'Making Knowledge for International Policy: WHO Europe and Mental Health Policy, 1970-2008', Social History of Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 532-554. https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkt009 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1093/shm/hkt009 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Early version, also known as pre-print Published In: Social History of Medicine Publisher Rights Statement: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Social History of Medicine following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Sturdy, S., Freeman, R., & Smith- Merry, J. (2013). Making Knowledge for International Policy: WHO Europe and Mental Health Policy, 1970-2008. Social History of Medicine, is available online at: http://dx/doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkt009 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Page 1 of 48 Manuscripts submitted to (i)Social History of Medicine(/i) 1 2 3 Making knowledge for international policy: 4 5 WHO Europe and mental health policy, 1970-2008 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Abstract: It is widely agreed that the effectiveness of the World Health Organization 13 14 (WHO) in international policy derives from its reputation as a source of authoritative 15 16 knowledge.
Anxiety at the front line * Sebastian Kraemer § If you don’t talk about it, you don’t know it’s bad Intensive care nurse It is an axiom of attachment theory that you give what you have received. To be attentive one has to be attended to. In any kind of danger, support close by is needed. Being resilient in one’s work – as opposed to compulsively self reliant1 – depends on a lively sense that help is at hand, perhaps at the end of a telephone or at the end of the shift, but there nonetheless. This is not well understood in public services. The nurse cited above conveys the dilemma precisely. It may be better not to know, and just keep working. The prevailing culture of front line – education, health, social services and emergency – services is based implicitly on a military notion that once trained, you can do the job, if necessary by following instructions from a protocol. These are orders which are given in the absence of one who has authority. When there are new skills to learn, new instructions can be issued. Authority then exists only in the management, not in the worker. The nature of urgent work is that it is exciting, which is not to say entertaining. Adrenaline suppresses tiredness, pain, fear, even thought. Slowing down enough to reflect on what has happened may be quite disturbing. Attempts to get junior doctors, social workers, teachers, family centre workers and others to stop what they are doing and attend a work discussion group are routinely resisted.
Crusade of the Administrators Mountain States Group is the Contractor for the privatized Health & Welfare District offices in Idaho. Imagine my surprise when I discovered that one of their program offices, The Agency for New Americans (ANA), a 501‐ C3 is affiliated with the Episcopal Migration Ministeries. The function that they perform is “provide support for interim financial assistance, english language training, employment services, case management and social adjustment services. 556 so‐called refugees from 16 countries were resettled in Idaho in 2011 (source Form 990). The countries these people are coming from include Bhutan, Burma, Iraq, the Congo, Afghanistan, Eritrea and Somalia. Their FAQ sheet also lists Columbia but that country is not listed on the 990 form. When I spoke with a man at the state Health & Welfare office (can’t remember his name), he told me that the district Health & Welfare offices are run by the Idaho Association of Counties (IAC) commonly called I‐acky. I’ll get back to them in a minute – but for now, I want to follow the thread of the Episcopal Migration Ministeries. Who are the Episcopal Migration Ministries? They are a program of the Anglican Communion which is a gathering of Anglican and Episcopal churches from around the world. “At the head of the Anglican Communion is the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Anglican Church is the Church of England. After the revolutionary war, colonists refused to swear allegiance to the British monarch as required by the Church of England. The Episcopal Church was formed as a result – same church – different name.