District Disaster Management Plan

VOLUME II PREPAREDNESS, PREVENTION, MITIGATION, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN OF NELLORE DISTRICT PREPARED BY: DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION, NELLORE

SUPPORTED BY: UNDP, INDIA

District Disaster Management Plan of Nellore

Volume II Preparedness, Prevention, Mitigation, Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Action Plan of Nellore District

Prepared by: District Administration, Nellore

Supported by: United Nations Development Programme, India

1 Table of Contents 1. Preparedness Plan...... 4 1.1. General Preparedness Measures based on SWOT Analysis of Line Departments ...... 4 1.2. Coordination mechanism of DDMA in Pre Disaster Situation ...... 5 1.3. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Immediate pre disaster Situation (immediately after Early warning received) ...... 6 1.3.1. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA during Disaster (Relief Distribution Mechanism) ...... 7 1.3.2. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Post Disaster Situation ...... 7 1.4. Standard checklist for Revenue Department: DC/ District Revenue Officer/ JDC ...... 8 1.4.1. Hazard: Flood ...... 11 1.4.2. Hazard: Cyclonic Storm ...... 23 1.4.3. Hazard: Heatwaves ...... 34 1.4.4. Hazard: Drought ...... 40 2. Disaster Risk Reduction Plan ...... 48 2.1. DRR Actions in conformity with SFDRR ...... 48 2.2. DRR Actions: ...... 51 2.3. Capacity Building ...... 54 2.4. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: National Flagship Schemes ...... 61 2.5. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: State level Flagship Schemes ...... 64 2. Climate Change Actions: ...... 74 2.1. Sector Specific Activities for climate Change: ...... 75 2.2. Suggestive Initiatives to Mitigate Climate Change ...... 81

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District Preparedness Plan

3 1. Preparedness Plan Preparedness Plan includes checklist for all concerned stakeholders of the district to prepare themselves for effective and efficient disaster response. It helps in preparing district administration, departments and other stakeholders for better coordinated response with available resources. Identification of vulnerable areas, emergency shelter sites, evacuation routes, emergency resources, chains of commands, etc, becomes an important part of preparedness. All of these measures will go a long way to improving the quality, timing and effectiveness of the response to a disaster.

1.1. General Preparedness Measures based on SWOT Analysis of Line Departments 1. Establishment of the Control Rooms: The district administration should ensure the operation of control rooms. The control rooms which are presently run by major line departments at revenue, police, Hospital, etc. at block and district level should be functional. 2. Plan Updation: Disaster Management Plan needs updation at every interval. It includes the skilled manpower, their addresses and contact numbers, necessary equipments, medicinal stock, daily necessities, list of drought prone areas etc. All these things have to be updated after a certain interval of time. 3. Communication System: Training is given for search and rescue teams, first aid teams, disaster management teams at village, block and district level. These teams will provide timely help during any type of disaster. Provision of wireless sets at all Department Heads and Tehsildars for effective communication of cyclone/heavy rainfall/ heat waves. Fire Brigades at all the Municipal Offices. Widespread community awareness programmes in drought so that villages are sensitized about the consequences and measures to address drought. 4. Training for Disaster Management Team Members: Each of the DMTs comprise groups of women and men volunteers and are assigned with a specials task The Search and Rescue Teams, First Aid Teams formed at the three levels should be provided training from time to time so that their timely help can be used during disaster. 5. Organization of Mock Drills: Mock drill is an integral part of the Community based disaster management plan, as it is a preparedness drill to keep the community alert. Mock drills are organized in all the villages of the district to activate the DMTs and modification of the DM plan. Mock drill is organized once in six months as per the seasonality calendar of natural disaster events that is likely to occur. 6. Community Awareness on Various Disasters: The widespread community awareness program in most hazard prone villages is required so that villages are

4 sensitized about the hazard and there are no problems when there is need for evacuation. - Construction of Earthquake Resistant Structures - Retrofitting the weak structures - House insurance - Construction of watershed structures - Rehabilitation of people in safe places - Development of plans for shifting people from vulnerable area to safer area - Awareness on Calamity Relief Fund (CRF)

The contingency plan for Disaster Management is based on past experiences as well as according to the instructions given by the District Collectors of the district. The mitigation strategy has been developed keeping in view the pre, during and post disaster situation.

1.2. Coordination mechanism of DDMA in Pre Disaster Situation Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Convening District Level To suggest the least of relief District Emergency Operation Committee on natural work to be undertaken, Center calamity in the month of July advise on the precautionary measures to be taken, directions for stocking of food grains in strategic or key points. Identification of vulnerable Repairing of breaches, DRO, Executive engineers points according to the stocking of the sand bags, expected disaster alerting people near highly vulnerable pockets. Identification & Indent of Stocking of food grains and Tehsildars essential commodities for the other essential things in GP inaccessible/scarcity pockets headquarters Selection of Shelters Arrangements for shelter Joint collectors, Tehsildars during emergency through PRIs and local people Requirement of medicines, Stocking of medicines and Civil surgeon formation of mobile teams, deputation of personals. identifying epidemic areas Arrangement of food and Stocking of the same fodder for the cattle Organizing Mock drills Awareness generation and District level officers practice

5 1.3. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Immediate pre disaster Situation (immediately after Early warning received) Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Receipt of information From IMD/SRC control DEOC room/DEOC Dissemination of information From DEOC to all Tehsildars DEOC, Head of line depts. and MPDO ,DRO, Tehsildars Immediate setting and To evacuate vulnerable Civil defence unit, police operational of control room people to identified shelters personals, armed forces, fire round the clock Rescue and and logistic arrangements officers, red-cross team evacuation ready with rescue kits which are to be made available to them through the DEOC Arrangement of free kitchen To provide immediate Tehsildars/DPOs/NGOs feeding to the evacuated people Sanitation and medicines To prevent epidemics and Executive engineer of infections PHED/Civil Surgeon Ensuring transportation of To ensure that the relief DSO/Joint relief materials to affected materials reach in time to the collectors/BSOs/DTO pockets affected people Ensuring safety of life and To prevent anti-social SP/DSP/Inspector and SI of belongings activities the affected block/NGOs Ensuring availability of safe To check the onset of CS/Executive engineers of drinking water, provision of epidemics PHED health facilities and minimum sanitation Meeting of field level officers Better co-ordination DC,JDC at district level and in every 24 hours to review SDC at sub-divisional level the situation Collection of information by Triangular linkage between Core group of EOC/Officers of the core group of the EOC field, district and state line departments and daily reporting to control room concerned officers Estimation of number of To ensure smooth DTO vehicles – transportation for relief Light/Medium/Heavy works Arrangement of road To clean the roads, cut the DTO, Executive Engineer, cleaners/power sow and fallen trees, clear the debris Executive Officer – Nagar other essential equipments etc. Panchayat Arrangement of trucks loaded To move to the field DTO with generators immediately after the disaster is over

6 1.3.1. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA during Disaster (Relief Distribution Mechanism) Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Alertness & Readiness to To rescue the trapped and All the stakeholders gear up in action, injured persons immediately after the disaster Control room functional To mitigate the effects of District control room, all round the clock the disaster line depts., Tehsildars Monitoring To review the rescue and DM, SDM relief work Distribution of relief as per To provide food and other SDM, Tehsildars, NGOs provisions essential commodities for survival

1.3.2. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Post Disaster Situation Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by Distribution of relief as per To provide food and other SDC, Tehsildars, NGOs provisions essential commodities for survival Assessment of Damage To ascertain the exact loss All line depts., Tehsildars, for reporting to the govt. Executive engineers, Sub Collectors Monitoring the relief To maintain uniformity of DM,SDM operations organized by relief administration external agencies/UN agencies/Red Cross / NGOs /Other States etc. by the dist. Authorities Restoration of For timely and Prompt Executive engineers of communication – Roads & delivery/transportation of concerned depts., Military Railways relief articles/deployment and paramilitary forces, of rescue teams police Restoration of electronic To ensure proper BSNL Technocrats of police communication system coordination linkage signals Immediate arrangement of To avoid starvation Sub collectors/Line free kitchen for the effected depts./PSUs people Documentation of the entire For reporting purposes and SDM event-Written, Audio, Video institutional memory Monitoring To review the relief works DC/JDC/DRO and remove the bottlenecks

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1.4. Standard checklist for Revenue Department: DC/ District Revenue Officer/ JDC Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Convene the meetings of District Disaster Management Authority.

2. Update the District Disaster Management Plan Quarterly. 3. Maintain and activate the District and Sub-divisional Control Rooms. 4. Establish communications with all stakeholders for purpose of receiving and sending warning and information exchange through district control room. 5. Establish warning systems between the local to district level and with media. 6. Ensure laying down construction norms for all types of buildings and infrastructure. 7. Ensure identification of safe places for establishment of relief camps and confirming their suitability. 8. Appoint In-charge Officers of Response base. 9. Ensure damage and need assessment through teams formed through concerned departments. 10. Check upon inventory of resources. 11. Ensure capacity building of the community and all departmental staff. 12. Ensure to establish and manage relief camps through life line departments. 13. Call for emergency meeting to take stock of the situation. Develop a strategy and objectives. 14. Check the supplied of food grains through the Public Distribution System. 15. Prepare a list of relief items to be distributed. 16. Seek tenders / quotations for all the relief items and fix the rates and suppliers. 17. Ensure formalising rate contracts- All departments that require hire of manpower and purchase of material during emergencies. 18. Ensuring to create and pre-dominate teams, transport, material and equipment for responding to the disaster incident. 19. Prepare a transportation plan for supply of relief items. 20. Convene meetings of NGOs, Youth Clubs, Self Help Groups, etc. in the district, and assign them specific responsibilities for relief, recovery and rehabilitation. 21. Constitute / activate Village – Level Preparedness Teams with the help

8 of PRIs, local NGOs, and revenue officials. 22. Prepare an evacuation plan for the villages which are marooned / devastated. 23. Prepare a list of transit / temporary shelters, and check upon their suitability for accommodating people. 24. Ensure disposal of dead bodies and carcasses through Police, Medical, NGOs, Public Health and Forest Department. 25. Ensure general cleaning of the entire city area through water and sanitation, Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department, etc. 26. Ensure collation of expense accounts for sanctions and audits. 27. Activation of help lines through police and health departments and district public relations office. 28. Ensure media briefing through DPRO Appoint. 29. Ensure preparation of rehabilitation plan for displaced population through Town and Country Planning, ULBs/PRIs, etc. 30. Ensure disbursal of Compensation. 31. If pre-quake vibrations are felt and if the central agencies advise, prepare for evacuation plan for population from dangerous buildings. 32. Coordinate with Army, Indian Air Force, and Navy for support towards recue, evacuation and relief. 33. Commence functioning of IRS and ESF systems. 34. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments. 35. Ensure that panic does not occur. 36. Activate all emergency communications. 37. Revenue staff to reconnoiter on ground and send intelligence regarding situation in their areas. 38. Ensure Provision of Nutritional aspects of food for disaster victims.

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Floods

10 1.4.1. Hazard: Flood Floods by nature depend on several factors; one being incessant rains, cyclonic rains in a short period of time crippling natural drainage. However, other factors such as nature of the collecting basin, nature of the streams, type of soil, natural and man-made vegetation, amount of rainfall etc. determine type and extent of floods. The inundation patterns and potential areas that would be inundated due to river outflow and heavy rain is fairly certain; and the concerned departments usually have the information. However, inundation due to storm surges and cyclonic landfall is unpredictable and depends on the wind direction. Floods in the district caused widespread loss to human lives, livestock, damaged homes and caused crop destruction over the decades. Infrastructure damage due floods is well recorded. As well as damages to roads, irrigation tanks breached.

(The above image shows population distribution in cyclone zones for Nellore district.)

11 Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Floods Department Actions

To follow-up with Water Resources Department about the repair and maintenance of the embankments & act accordingly To follow-up with Water Resources Department about the status of prevention, mitigation and preparedness related programmes and activities & act accordingly To follow-up with DMs/DDMAs about the shelters and the facilities available there & act accordingly To follow-up with Food & Civil Supplies Department for the positioning of supply of grains and fast food stuff etc. in the area & act accordingly To follow-up with Department of Transport and Department of Cabinet Coordination (Civil Aviation wing) about the availability of transportation facilities & act accordingly.

Section

- To arrange for the storage and packaging of the relief materials.

D To follow-up with Department of Science & Technology and Indian Meteorology Department about the functioning of the gadgets and equipments at the ground and EOCs level and do the needful. To follow-up with NDRF & APSDRF about their preparedness & organize periodic meetings with them. To form the Incident Management Team consisting of officers from the Lead and Support Departments. To form Damage Assessment Team. Check the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. are functional and ready. Seed and fertilizers stored at safe places? Awareness on the fertilizer management, promoting the bio-fertilizer programme by the soil conservation department. Training in adopting new agriculture practices, farmer's exposure visit to centers of excellence, institutes, training in cropping practices and use of modern technology. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of seeds and other agriculture resources in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. Check and ensure there is sufficient stock of equipments and tools for the repairing of non-functional machines and equipments. Identify the crops which are vulnerable to flood developing the alternate cropping system to mitigate the risk of crop destruction. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

Agriculture Department Agriculture Identify potential emergencies. Refer to contingency specific action plans for the same. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of seeds and other agriculture resources in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. Functioning of Rainfall measurement centers to be checked and ensuring there is sufficient stock of equipments and tools for the repairing of nonfunctional machines and equipments.

12 Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Check vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held

regularly. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Check supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them. Arrangement of vehicle for transport of injured animals Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community

Animal Husbandry Animal and field staff of the department. Fodder storage at safe places. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. The Assistant Director of Fisheries, Nellore shall keep the Coracles (Teppas) ready in vulnerable places to evacuate the people and identify to serve flood victims under the control of Assistant Director of Fisheries, Nellore. The Fisheries Development officers will identify the active fishermen young experienced swimmers in the coastal mandals / Villages and listed them, to participate in the flood relief activity .These lists will be with concerned MRO for attending emergency flood relief operations if any. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at vulnerable locations for the immediate repairs. Setting up of model farms in the districts and the exposure visit of the Panchayats so that they gain knowledge Poultry farms and cattle farms should be clean and availability of water and fodder should be throughout the year Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and

Fisheries Department Fisheries measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. Nominate a nodal officer for disaster management. Have you identified safe areas for installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit during disaster?

Standby arrangements for temporary electric supply or generators Have you established Mass Massaging services to update the society on

Limited weather forecast and early warning? Sending alert messages during emergencies. Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Nigam Bharat Sanchar problems in time.

13 Is the department monitoring the line department's telecom infrastructure regularly? Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals. Keep the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Training of departmental staff in DRR knowledge. Identification of safe areas before installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit. Ensuring that the power back up is there for the continuation of the work. Computerization of rural and remote extension offices. Insertion of DRR features in telecom training which is provided by the BSNL. Taking initiative in starting SMS services to update the society on weather forecast. Sending alert messages during emergencies. Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical problems in time. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergencies. Refer to contingency specific action plans for the same. Ensure the safety of own building and property. Regular monitoring of the line department's telecom infrastructure. An officer to be appointed as nodal officer for Disaster management Arrangement of extra vehicles/ heavy equipments, such as front-end loaders, towing vehicles, earth moving equipments, cranes etc.

Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Inspection and emergency repair for roads, road bridges, underwater inspection /piers/concrete and steel work. Identifying the buildings that are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building. Identification of the safe building (govt.) in the panchayat and block. The safe places must be identified as per the disasters (flood, earthquake).

Public Works Dept. (PWD) Dept. Works Public Route strategy for evacuation and relief marked Clearance of blocked roads. Community assistance mobilized for road clearing. All staff informed about the disasters, likely damages and effects. Selection of site for the construction of school building shall be done with

the level of flooding water in mind.

on on Open space for emergency construction of sheds etc. shall be left to the

ment

Depart Educati extent possible.

14 Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Identification and assessment of power generating units at the panchayat level block level and district level. To promote the schemes on non- conventional energy sources. Location of such units away from the water logging areas. Installation of biogas units or windmill at safe places in the villages. The department must identify the power units, which are located in disaster prone areas, arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic, and provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage. Based on latest or previous emergency or crisis experience the department should frame an outline of future action plan including disaster risk reduction preventive measurements. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential

reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same.

Electricity Department Electricity Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. Availability of vehicle to transport the electric equipments. The executive engineer must ensure the temporary construction work has taken place before the disaster forecast (flood, storm etc). Ensuring the availability of equipments like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations. Identifying the power units which are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. Road Construction Department should specifically tell Fire Department about

the road diversions and maintenance of the roads before head

Ambulance Siren should be different from Fire Bridged Siren. Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially hazardous industries and take measures like timely repairs etc. Maintenance of firefighting equipments etc and installation of fire alarm and

Department water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc. Scope the budget for the maintenance of fire fightingequipments and Fire Fire structural measures etc under different categories. Protect the life and property from fire break and other disasters like flood.

15 Promotion of fire safety standards Organising awareness and training Ensure to install fire safety measures like fire alarm, hydraulic pump, sprinkler etc. Ensure that the fire fighters are equipped with effective and modernized weapons, safety measures like fire proof gloves and suits etc. Identify the vulnerable areas, buildings etc and make an action plan to reduce its risk. Assess the risk vulnerability of the areas and promote fire safety measures according to the need. Conduct regular mock drill, training and awareness camp on fire safety measures and DRR to the fire fighters and among the masses. Define standards to measure departments' performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure to keep the force alert and sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response Identify potential emergencies. Refer to contingency specific action plans for the same. Identify the most vulnerable areas to floods, create awareness, and training among the people on fire safety measures, prepare the force for emergency search and rescue operation. Implementation of fire safety measures in the private, government and own buildings and establishments. Provide regular training in primary health care and in evacuation, search and rescue to the fire brigades to make them alert. Periodically inspect the vulnerable areas like hazardous chemical and other industries. Stockpile and preposition sufficient number of fire fighting equipments and vehicles to combat any emergency. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. To involve in disaster management activity, identify the voluntary workers from NGOs, Educational institutions and provide them training.

They must collect the daily report on the activities taken up during cyclone/flood from the Primary Health Center, consolidate and sent to the Epidemic Cell/ O/o DM&HO established at District Medical and Health officer for this purpose. The information should be passed to the contact Number 08532-259459. Emergency cell will function 24 Hours in O/O DM&HO. They must indent time to time and the supplies should be taken from the Central Drug stores situated at RIMS, Nellore Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk Health Department Health reduction activities and emergency response capacities.

16 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Irrigation Improve in the field of more tube well facilities to the people so that people Department total dependence on the monsoon should reduce. Floods in this district are really need to be taken care of at the same time we also need to look upon the poverty and illiteracy which is prevailing in this District. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Establish mechanisms for the delivery of safe drinking water, halogen tablets, and bleaching powder in the relief camps/shelters in disaster probable areas. Establish a contingency fund in the department. The Department must try to construct hazard specific sanitation so that the available services can be utilized in a proper manner. Identification of suitable land for solid waste management and awareness in the community on this subject. Most of the diseases during the emergency are water born vector diseases, keeping community health and hygiene could only be possible through safe drinking water supply and eco-friendly sanitation facility. The department must also stress for the provision for management of issues like disposal of solid/liquid waste.

Department Raise prior awareness amongst the community about how to treat water sources, using chlorine tablets, store safe water etc. Construction of toilets and installing hand pumps or other water resource structure Sanitation facility. Design and implementation of solid waste disposal program. Identification of safe solid waste management sites. Take measures to reduce erosion risks. Assess disaster risks due to any new construction or maintenance activity.

Public Health Engineering Engineering Health Public Protection of embankments of the ponds and rivers. The hand pumps should be installed on raised platforms. The toilet should be constructed on elevated grounds or raised platform. While construction of sanitary facility or hand pumps the PHED should also keep genders and disabled community in their technical operation. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency

17 specific action plans for the same. Identify disaster affected areas in the district and install/repair sufficient number of hand pumps to ensure regular supply of pure drinking water among the community. Review the stock of hand pump repair tool kits and bleaching powder at every quarter and ensure pre positioning of sufficient stock in the department. Promote usage of low cost sanitary toilets in the disaster affected areas in the district. Preposition sufficient stock of hand pump and low cost sanitary toilet models to be distributed and used in the relief camps and shelters. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this, placement of the items at safe places. Building Look for the areas which get water inundated, flood affected most of the Construction time. There is a need to make those area infrastructurly stronger. Department (PWD) Women Structure should be made stronger for the anganwadi centres development Try to make reach easy specially during disasters, like Flood. and child welfare department District Rural Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and Development dissemination. Agency The DoRD should prioritize area of development with the area of interest. (DRDA) Under the MNAREGA work, embankment must be reinforced, sustainable and resistive plantation and periodically siltation dug out and settlement. The use of flood resistant techniques/ structures in the construction of roads, community centre, rural building etc. Guidance and helping the DM committees in developing the disaster management plan. Capacity building of community in the rural areas regarding DRR. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material is available in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. Temporary construction work or retrofitting to the vulnerable buildings.

18 Plantation, repairing of drainage system, small canals, embankments etc. Protection of the ponds and water bodies. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. Rather taking staff on daily wages, staff should be taken as a permanent staff. The Commissioner of Civil Supplies, AP, Hyderabad issued instructions to take immediate action for advance possession of ECs in cyclone prone areas during heavy rains / floods for using the same for immediate relief to the cyclone victims as there will be damages to the roads and tanks disrupting the transport system . The Tahsildars in the coastal areas are requested to place advance indents with the DM, APSCSC Ltd.,Nellore for positioning rice in the FP Shops in the villages/ habitations that are likely to be affected during the above cyclone period. The quantity released may be reduced in three equal installments from the subsequent monthly allotments. The FP Shop Dealers located in the villages and habitations which are likely to be affected during cyclone period are directed to act as food incharges in consultation with the Habitation committee members appointed by the Food Corporation Food Collector. They can also utilize the rice stocks available with the Head Masters in the Mid Day Meal scheme in emergency cases. They have to distribute the rice stocks as per the directions of the Tahsildars. They have to make arrangements for distribution of food packets to the affected persons in the village/ habitation as per the directions of the Tahsildars. Have a proper solid water management

Have a Proper Drainage Sytem

on Provide clean drinking water

Corporati

Municipal Municipal Ensure availability of field test kits(both for chemical & bacteriological Parameters) and refill so that GP could test drinking water quality more frequently in emergence and will arrange for regular water quality testing of

drinking water sources in the affected are during floods. It shall be ensured that all the existing sources in the affected region are seized and tested for bacteriological contamination. If identified as uninfected then the source is unseized and drinking water is supplied only

Department after carrying out the flushing of the source. If the source identified as bacteriological contaminated then identify for alternative sourced of drinking water through transportation and make necessary arrangements for supply to the affected population.

Resource Resource Will ensure supply of clean drinking water to affected areas. Maintain data on repair status of water supply system and potable water for villages and panchayats.

Water Stockpile and preposition sufficient number of sandbags to repair the cracks in the embankments. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for

19 the immediate repairs. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Floods Structural Mitigation Measures for Flood Probable Mitigation Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Departments Scheme/ Program Construction of Rural Development, Departmental 0 to 5 years embankments/ Forest program & protection wall MGNREGS, watershed, Integrated coastal zone management programme Departmental program Rural Development, Departmental Regularly & MGNREGS, R&B department program & watershed, Integrated MGNREGS coastal zone management programme Repair and Irrigation Departmental or 0-1 years maintenance of Flood department special plan Channels, canals, Concern natural drainage, Municipality storm water lines Construction of Safe R&B , DRDA and NCRMP Regularly Shelters (new District Panchayat construction through Indira Awas, Sardar Awas and Ambedkar Awas) Protection wall and Forest and Rural Department 0-6 months bamboo and development, schemes, vegetative cover Agriculture MGNREGS, IWMP against river level department intrusion and land erosion

20 Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Flood Probable Mitigation Implementing Convergence with Time Frame Measures Departments Scheme/ Program Safety audit of Education IAY, Sardar Awas Regularly existing and department, and other rural proposed housing health housing schemes, stock in risk prone department, SSA areas PWD, Rural development Promotion of DDMA, DRDA, Training and Regularly Traditional, local Panchayat, Sports capacity building and innovative and youth, SHGs plan for disaster practices like and youth groups, management At all bamboo/plastic NGOs Volunteers level bottle rafts etc, clean city green city Capacity building of DDMA Training and Regularly volunteers and capacity building technicians plan for disaster management At all level Awareness Veterinary Departmental Regularly generation on officer, rural Scheme health and safety of development livestock

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Cyclonic Storm

22 1.4.2. Hazard: Cyclonic Storm

(The above image shows cyclone zones for Nellore district and blocks.)

23 Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Cyclonic Strom Department Actions

Agriculture 1. Village and Mandal level teams should visit the affected areas Department and estimate the losses occurred to standing crops. 2. Depending on the intensity of the damage take possible remedial measures immediately. 3. Ensure timely relief to farmers for purchase of agricultural inputs through Govt. /private agencies and ensure immediate reschedule of loans through banks. 4. Seeds, fertilizers and pesticides should be made available and supplied on subsidy. Ensure all possible relief measures 5. Fodder should be supplied in sufficient quantities at subsidized prices. 6. The enumeration team should prepare list of affected farmers who is cultivating the field. Animal Husbandry Sufficient quantity of vaccines as a forecast requirement with the knowledge of previous demand has been procured and kept ready. Sufficient quantities of emergency medicines are stocked at vulnerable places. Teams were constituted consisting of one Veterinary Assistant Surgeon/one Para Staff and one or two Attenders on permanent basis. The teams will rush to the affected villages and take up relief works. First aid kits are made available for each team with medicines to take care of affected livestock and keep urgency life saving medicines. Instructions were given to Animal Husbandry officers to take necessary action with coordination of local Municipality/Gram Panchayat and local voluntary organizations etc., Preventive inoculations against Hemorrhagic Septicemia has been conducted in all vulnerable villages in coastal belt. The Joint Director, Animal Husbandry, Nellore has been instructed to keep sufficient drugs and vaccine to prevent deceases to the livestock during the cyclone period. Fisheries Department To keep the cyclone relief Coracles (Teppas) with OBMs readily available for evacuation of low lying / flooding area fishermen along with active swimmers. Distribution of Pamphlets, conduct of awareness camps and making the active teams for different purposes during natural disasters. To activate the village action teams /resumes teams with cyclone kits and active swimmers as specified below. 1. Alert & .Evacuation Team 2. Relief camps organization Team 3. Village security Team 4. Medical & First Aid Team 5. Boats/ Engines & nets Keeping Team Bharat Sanchar Nominate a nodal officer for disaster management. Nigam Limited Communication establishment with District and Block control rooms and departmental offices.

24 Have you identified safe areas for installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit during disaster? Standby arrangements for temporary electric supply or generators Sending alert messages during emergencies. Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical problems in time. Is the department monitoring the line department's telecom infrastructure regularly? Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals. Keep the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready. Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Training of departmental staff in DRR knowledge. Identification of safe areas before installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit. Ensuring that the power back up is there for the continuation of the work. Computerization of rural and remote extension offices. Insertion of DRR features in telecom training which is provided by the BSNL. Taking initiative in starting SMS services to update the society on weather forecast. Sending alert messages during emergencies. Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical problems in time. The BSNL Company must ensure there is inclusion of DRR features in telecom instruments and services. Functioning of BSNL office from safe building in order to provide the unhindered telecom services to the people. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. Ensure the safety of own building and property. Regular monitoring of the line department's telecom infrastructure. The BSNL Company must ensure that the temporary construction work or retrofitting has been done to the vulnerable buildings. Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

25 Public Works Dept. The SE, R&B, Nellore has been deputed the officers to look after the (PWD) damages interruptions to clear the obstructions on roads to make read free from interruptions, duly attended the repairs during the floods. The Executive Engineers, R&B, N.H., authorities, Nellore and Executive Engineers, Panchayat Raj, Nellore, are instructed to inspect all the culverts, weak bridges, roads and side-drains in coastal areas and see that they are maintained in good condition at vulnerable points. They should ensure free flow of traffic by strengthening the diversion roads etc. They should take adequate measures to store the required material like Sand bags, Cement etc. well in advance at the places likely to breach so that immediate repairs and restoration works can be taken up after the cyclone if breaches occur. They are also instructed to remove all the dead or dying trees on the road sides. The Superintendent Engineer, R&B, Nellore is instructed to furnish the requirement of Power Saws. And also requested to submit the details of alternative ways (roads), if the existing roads breaches in the cyclones. It is also directed to contact the owners of the proclainers well in advance to provide them to clear off the obstacles on road at the time of post cyclone measures Education Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and Department dissemination. Ensure disaster management be part of curriculum in all schools, colleges. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Ensure that all furniture of the schools, colleges are strong enough and can be used as hiding places in case of earthquake. Place sign boards, marks indicating nearest exit routes, safe places, first aid, and other necessary services. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. Electricity Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and Department dissemination. Identification and assessment of power generating units at the panchayat level block level and district level. To promote the schemes on non- conventional energy sources. Location of such units away from the water logging areas. Installation of bio gas units or wind mill at safe places in the villages. Taking measures to check the soil erosion and water logging when laying canal for the purpose of electricity generation. The department must identify the power units which are located in disaster prone areas and arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic and also provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage. Based on latest or previous emergency or crisis experience the department should frame an outline of future action plan including disaster risk reduction preventive measurements.

26 Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. Availability of vehicle to transport the electric equipment. Ensuring the availability of equipment like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Fire Department Fire department should have their own workshop for the repair of the vehicles Road Construction Department should specifically tell Fire Department about the road diversions and maintenance of the roads before head Ambulance Siren should be different from Fire Bridged Siren. Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially hazardous industries and take measures like timely repairs etc. Maintenance of firefighting equipment etc. and installation of fire alarm and water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc. Scope the budget for the maintenance of firefighting equipment and structural measures etc. under different categories. Promotion of fire safety standards Organising awareness and training Ensure to install fire safety measures like fire alarm, hydraulic pump, sprinkler etc. Ensure that the fire fighters are equipped with effective and modernized weapons, safety measures like fire proof gloves and suits etc. Identify the vulnerable areas, buildings etc. and make an action plan to reduce its risk. Assess the risk vulnerability of the areas and promote fire safety measures according to the need. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk.

27 Identify the most vulnerable areas to fire and other disasters, create awareness, and training among the people on fire safety measures, prepare the force for emergency search and rescue operation. Implementation of fire safety measures in the private, government and own buildings and establishments. Provide regular training in primary health care and in evacuation, search and rescue to the fire brigades to make them alert. Periodically inspect the vulnerable areas like hazardous chemical and other industries. Health Department The District is divided in 14 Health Cluseters. The Stock of Drugs was kept at cluster Head Quarters. After receiving Cyclone warning the SPHOs of the concerned are should not wait for further instructions, if they are in the tour they must return to their HeadQuarters and to look after the preentive measures to be taken. They must collect the daily report on the activities taken up during cyclone/flood from the Primary Health Center, consolidate and sent to the Epidemic Cell/ O/o DM&HO established at District Medical and Health officer for this purpose. The information should be passed to the contact Number 08532-259459. Emergency cell will function 24 Hours in O/O DM&HO. They must indent time to time and the supplies should be taken from the Central Drug stores situated at RIMS, Nellore. All the Medical Officers in the Cyclone affected area should ready with the staff and epidemic drug and disinfectants to meet any eventuality during Cyclone natural calamities. The Medical Officer should procedure the required drugs and disinfectants and transport them to the vulnerable areas and keep them in the sub Centers/Panchayat officer to meet any eventuality. They have to keep watch on activities surveillance for identification of Diarrhoea and other waterborne disease and vector borne diseases and disinfection of unhygienic area to be taken. The precaution should be propagated through the mike the pamphlets can be prepared and distributed to create awareness in the public in every village the static team and mobile team is also arranged. view of cyclone threat during the months of June, July, October and November, the teams of doctors with Para Medical Staff are deputed as reserve teams. The Medical Officers and Para Medical Staff are deputed to have reported for duty soon after hearing the first warning of cyclone through Radio or Office and to report at the District Cyclone cell in the District Medical & Health Officer’s office, Nellore immediately and they should be kept as reserve team at District Cyclone cell for utilization of services when ever and where ever necessary. If any Para Medical Staff are vacant or already on leave neighbouring an nearest Para Medical Staff should be deputed by the Medical Officer, PH Centre, concerned. Irrigation In the jurisdiction of Irrigation Circle, Nellore, 1841 Nos. of Minor

28 Department Irrigation sources with registered ayacut of 111225 Acres, and 4 Nos. of Medium, Irrigation with registered ayacut of 59955 acres are maintained. The F.O’s are constituted for Medium Irrigation sources only. To tackle the situation arising out due to Natural disasters during the ensuing flood season / cyclone, issued suitable instructions and take precautionary measures to the field officers concerned as noted below. All the vulnerable locations in the sources are to be identified along with the Water Users Associations / Distributory Committees / Project Committees While conducting field survey, the following aspects are considered. 1. The sluice gates of the tanks got serviced and kept ready for operation. 2. Keep the man power and material ready for operation and communicate the each one to the concerned. 3. Wherever vulnerable reaches identified, to make necessary arrangements, for intensive patrolling of tank bund, surplus course bund and supply channel bunds etc., Public Health Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and Engineering dissemination. Department Establish mechanisms for the delivery of safe drinking water, halogen tablets, and bleaching powder in the relief camps/shelters in disaster probable areas. Establish a contingency fund in the department. The Department must try to construct hazard specific sanitation so that the available services can be utilized in a proper manner. Identification of suitable land for solid waste management and awareness in the community on this subject. The department must also stress for the provision for management of issues like disposal of solid/liquid waste. Construction of toilets and installing hand pumps or other water resource structure Sanitation facility. Design and implementation of solid waste disposal program. Identification of safe solid waste management sites. Take measures to reduce erosion risks. Assess disaster risks due to any new construction or maintenance activity. Protection of embankments of the ponds and rivers. The hand pumps should be installed on raised platforms. While construction of sanitary facility or hand pumps the PHED should also keep genders and disabled community in their technical operation. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster

29 risks and measures to reduce the risk. Women development Structure should be made stronger for the anganwadi centres and child welfare Try to make reach easy especially during disasters, like cyclone. department District Rural The DoRD should prioritize area of development with the area of Development Agency interest. Under the MNAREGA work, embankment must be (DRDA) reinforced, sustainable and resistive plantation and periodically siltation dug out and settlement. Guidance and helping the DM committees in developing the disaster management plan. Capacity building of community in the rural areas regarding DRR. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Temporary construction work or retrofitting to the vulnerable buildings. Plantation, repairing of drainage system, small canals, embankments etc. Protection of the ponds and water bodies. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Rather taking staff on daily wages, staff should be taken as a permanent staff. Food Corporation The Commissioner of Civil Supplies, AP, Hyderabad issued instructions to take immediate action for advance possession of ECs in cyclone prone areas during heavy rains / floods for using the same for immediate relief to the cyclone victims as there will be damages to the roads and tanks disrupting the transport system . The Tahsildars in the coastal areas are requested to place advance indents with the DM, APSCSC Ltd.,Nellore for positioning rice in the FP Shops in the villages/ habitations that are likely to be affected during the above cyclone period. The quantity released may be reduced in three equal installments from the subsequent monthly allotments.

30 The FP Shop Dealers located in the villages and habitations which are likely to be affected during cyclone period are directed to act as food incharges in consultation with the Habitation committee members appointed by the Collector. They can also utilize the rice stocks available with the Head Masters in the Mid Day Meal scheme in emergency cases. They have to distribute the rice stocks as per the directions of the Tahsildars. They have to make arrangements for distribution of food packets to the affected persons in the village/ habitation as per the directions of the Tahsildars. Municipal Have a proper solid water management Corporation Have a Proper Drainage System Water Ways Identification of Cyclones effected habitations in advance. Department Designate a Section Officer for emergency response and will act as the contact person for that Department / Agency. Review and update Precautionary measures and procedures and especially ascertain that adequate stock of safe drinking water and other inpurs are available in areas prone to Natural Calamities. Provision of safe water to all Habitations as and when required. Clearance of Drains and sewerage Systems, particularly in the Cyclone affected areas. Prior arrangement of water tankers and other means of distribution and arrange water storage tanks to fill as & when required Prior arrangement of stand - by generators. Stock-Pipe of sand bags and other necessary items for breach closure at the Panchayat level near by tanks. Taking up at least 2 Mobile Vans of a responsible civilians of each village in advance for communities at the time of Cyclone. Carrying out emergency repairs of damaged water supply schemes. Annual assessment of danger levels & wide publicity of those levels. Identify flood prone areas and activate flood monitoring mechanisams. Provide water level gauge at critical points along the Rivers, Dams and Tanks. Identify and maintain of materials / tool kits required for emergency response.

31 Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Cyclonic Storm Structural Mitigation Measures for Cyclone Probable Identified Implementing Convergence Time Frame Mitigation Location s and Departments with Scheme/ Measures Villages Program Plantations (Refer Hazard Agriculture, Departmental Every year (bamboos/ mapping in DRDA, schemes, vetiver grass) HVCA report Panchayat MGNREGA and Shelter Belt and list of old on the river cyclone shelter) belt Identification R & B, PWD, Departmental Every year and repair/ Education, Scheme, SSA retrofitting of Health, DRDA houses and (District buildings unsafe Panchayat) for cyclone

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Cyclone Probable Mitigation Identifie Implementin Convergence with Time Measures d g Scheme/ Program Frame Location Departments s and Villages Strengthening of Early (Refer DDMA, NIC District Regularl warning mechanisms Hazard administration Line y mapping department Training and awareness in HVCA DDMA DDMA, DDMP, Regularl generation for use of report SDMP,APSDMA,RDM y safety and list D jackets/rings/buoys/rop of old e etc. for fisher folks cyclone Awareness regarding shelter) DDMA DDMA, DDMP, Regularl hazard SDMP,APSDMA,RDM y D Regulate and issue R & B DDMA, Municipality, Regularl orders for poor quality Department, CDP y hoardings/buildings or Municipality any other objects

32

Heatwave

33 1.4.3. Hazard: Heatwaves

Heat wave: Heat-wave is a condition of atmospheric temperature that leads to physiological stress, which sometimes can claim human life. Heat-wave is defined as the condition where maximum temperature at a grid point is 3˚C or more than the normal temperature, consecutively for 3 days or more. World Meteorological Organization defines a heat wave as five or more consecutive days during which the daily maximum temperature exceeds the average maximum temperature by five degrees Celsius. If the maximum temperature of any place continues to be more than 45° C consecutively for two days, it is called a heat wave condition. There will be no harm to the human body if the environmental temperature remains at 37° C. Whenever the environmental temperature increases above 37° C, the human body starts gaining heat from the atmosphere. If humidity is high, a person can suffer from heat stress disorders even with the temperature at 37°C or 38°C. To calculate the effect of humidity we can use Heat Index Values. The Heat Index is a measure of how hot it really feels when relative humidity is factored in with the actual air temperature. As an example, if the air temperature is 34°C and the relative humidity is 75%, the heat index--how hot it feels--is 49°C. The same effect is reached at just 31°C when the relative humidity is 100 %.

(The above image shows population distribution in heat wave zones for Nellore district.)

34 Heat wave is a period of abnormally high temperatures, more than the normal maximum temperature that occurs during the pre-monsoon (April to June) summer season. Heat -waves typically occur between March to June, and in some rare cases even extend till July. Heat waves are more frequent over the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. On an average, 5-6 heat wave events occur every year over the northern parts of the country. The most notable amongst the recent ones are Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) 46 °C. The extreme temperatures combined with high humidity and resultant atmospheric conditions adversely affect people living in these regions leading to physiological stress, sometimes even death. This unusual and uncomfortable hot weather can impact human and animal health and also cause major disruption in community infrastructure such as power supply, public transport and other essential services. Heat wave is also called a “silent disaster” as it develops slowly and kills and injures humans and animals nationwide. Higher daily peak temperatures of longer duration and more intense heat waves are becoming increasingly frequent globally due to climate change. India too is feeling the impact of climate change in terms of increased instances of heat wave with each passing year.

Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Heatwaves Department Actions Agriculture Working out Crop Contingency Plan Department Providing Agriculture Input subsidy Strategizing the storage and supply of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides Working out ecological betterment of the areas Organizing the irrigation facilities Working out alternative cropping programme and activities Animal Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Husbandry Check vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Arrangement of vehicle for transport of injured animals Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Fisheries Training and exposure to fish farmers in scientific aquaculture, Renovation of Department water bodies through Panchayats, Awareness on marketing for the fish farmers Setting up of model farms in the districts and the exposure visit of the Panchayats so that they gain knowledge Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same.

35 Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community and field staff of the department. Fodder storage at safe places. Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds. Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Bharat Nominate a nodal officer for disaster management. Sanchar Standby arrangements for temporary electric supply or generators Nigam Sending alert messages during emergencies. Limited Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. Electricity To promote the schemes on non- conventional energy sources. Department Location of such units away from the water logging areas. Installation of bio gas units or wind mill at safe places in the villages. Based on latest or previous emergency or crisis experience the department should frame an outline of future action plan including disaster risk reduction preventive measurements. Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. Fire Promotion of fire safety standards Department Organising awareness and training Ensure to install fire safety measures like fire alarm, hydraulic pump, sprinkler etc. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places. To involve in disaster management activity, identify the voluntary workers from NGOs, Educational institutions and provide them training. Health Prepare and Implement inter-sectoral District Health Plan including drinking Department water, sanitation & hygiene and nutrition. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Home Guard District based training centre for the training of the solders Department Proper toilets should be provided Government Quarters should be provided to the staff Garage for the Vehicles of Home Guard Departments There should be arrangement of proper mess for the preparation of food Irrigation Improve in the field of more tube well facilities to the people so that people Department total dependence on the monsoon should reduce. Public Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.

36 Health Establish mechanisms for the delivery of safe drinking water, halogen tablets, Engineering and bleaching powder in the relief camps/shelters in disaster probable areas. Department Establish a contingency fund in the department. The Department must try to construct hazard specific sanitation so that the available services can be utilized in a proper manner. Protection of embankments of the ponds and rivers. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this, placement of the items at safe places. Food Coordinate with Supply Department to ensure that all safety measures are in Corporation place for proper storage, transportation and distribution of supplies. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Prepare action plan for adequate safety (and relocation if required) of food materials stored in the god owns in case of flood or other disasters. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Municipal Provide clean drinking water in vulnerable areas Corporation Water Ways Scope the budget for the maintenance of embankments, sluice gates, lock Department gates etc under different categories. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

37 Mitigation Measures for Heatwaves Mitigation Measures for Heatwaves 1 Administration should develop a ward-level plan to check on vulnerable populations during heat waves, especially the elderly and poor. 2 Additionally, city administration should arrange for portable water tanks in the event of heat waves. 3 Create awareness among communities towards “Green buildings” 4 While revising building codes for residential buildings, it is also important to consider the heat wave risk in the city. The design specifications should take into account guidelines on the design of green buildings 5 Building owners should be encouraged to use heat-reflecting material on roof-tops of existing buildings 6 Green building designs should be adopted for government and public buildings 7 Green cover should be further improved in the city in a phased manner 8 Increase awareness in people to take pre-emptive measures during heat waves, for example, drinking enough water, avoiding alcohol consumption, etc. and in understanding warning symptoms of heat exhaustion and how best to keep cool. 9 Training masons for constructing buildings following building codes and design specifications that cover features of green buildings

38

Drought

39 1.4.4. Hazard: Drought Revenue (Relief) Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh defines drought as a condition arising out of scarce rainfall. Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate. It occurs in virtually all climatic zones, but its characteristics vary significantly from one region to another. Drought is a temporary aberration; it differs from aridity, which is restricted to low rainfall regions and is a permanent feature of climate.

(The above image shows blocks with Drought Index within Nellore district. The majority of blocks in district fall in Severe Drought Zones and a few blocks in Moderate Drought Zones.)

40 Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Drought Department Actions D- Section Drought being a slow on-setting hazard, response to it may be coupled with mitigation measures to hold it from further intensification Drought has to be viewed from flood point of view, on the one hand, and from rain harvesting point view, on the other Encourage Water Resources Department, Department of Minor Irrigation, Department of Agriculture & PHED and other specialized agencies to take up drought prevention and mitigation measures. To coordinate with Urban Development Department/Panchayati Raj Department/PHED/Rural Development Department/ Building Construction Department/ Education Department/ Health Department etc. for promotion of rain water harvesting measures as a drought prevention measure and encourage them to incorporate rain harvesting measures in all building construction works undertaken by the District Administration. In association with Department of Agriculture, Rural Development Department and Department of Environment and Forest & through other specialized agencies work out drought prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures from crop State of Bihar State Disaster Management Plan 189 management and social forestry point of view and get the same implemented Agriculture Identification of drought prone areas through GIS mapping, rainfall estimation etc. Department Survey and study of identified drought prone areas Formulation of prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures along with budget allocations Formulation of policy and strategizing the implementation of rain harvesting programme & activities Working out Crop Contingency Plan Providing Agriculture Input subsidy Strategizing the storage and supply of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides Working out ecological betterment of the areas Organizing the irrigation facilities Working out alternative cropping programme and activities Animal Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Husbandry Check supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them. Arrangement of vehicle for transport of injured animals Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community and field staff of the department. Fodder storage at safe places. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Fisheries Renovation of the fish ponds and ox-bow lakes. Department Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at vulnerable locations for the immediate repairs.

41 Open the fisheries departmental office on block level to understand the ground realities Improve the better functioning among the people. Animal Breeding Programme and Vaccination must be done after doing the awareness programmes in the Panchayats since most of the people remain unaware of the schemes, Schemes such as control of FMD, control of liver fluke disease should be done after giving information to the GP's Training and exposure to fish farmers in scientific aquaculture, Renovation of water bodies through Panchayats, Awareness on marketing for the fish farmers Setting up of model farms in the districts and the exposure visit of the Panchayats so that they gain knowledge Poultry farms and cattle farms should be clean and availability of water and fodder should be throughout the year Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. Vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly. Supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them. Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community and field staff of the department. Fodder storage at safe places. Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds. Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Bharat Nominate a nodal officer for disaster management. Sanchar Have you identified safe areas for installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit Nigam during disaster? Limited Standby arrangements for temporary electric supply or generators Sending alert messages during emergencies. Is the department monitoring the line department's telecom infrastructure regularly? Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals. Keep the equipment, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities.

42 Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. Ensure the safety of own building and property. Regular monitoring of the line department's telecom infrastructure. The BSNL Company must ensure that the temporary construction work or retrofitting has been done to the vulnerable buildings. Public An officer to be appointed as nodal officer for Disaster management Works Arrangement of extra vehicles/ heavy equipment, such as front-end loaders, Dept. towing vehicles, earth moving equipment, cranes etc. (PWD) Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs. Education Ensure disaster management be part of curriculum in all schools, colleges. Department Ensure that school buildings are constructed with appropriate standards and guidelines and provide safety during school time and safe exit in case of emergencies Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Electricity Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination. Department Identification and assessment of power generating units at the panchayat level block level and district level. To promote the schemes on non- conventional energy sources. Location of such units away from the water logging areas. Installation of bio gas units or wind mill at safe places in the villages. The department must identify the power units which are located in disaster prone areas and arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic and also provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage. Based on latest or previous emergency or crisis experience the department should frame an outline of future action plan including disaster risk reduction preventive measurements. Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same.

43 Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures. Ensuring the availability of equipment like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations. Identifying the power units which are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready. Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places. Fire Fire department should have their own workshop for the repair of the vehicles Department Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially hazardous industries and take measures like timely repairs etc. Maintenance of firefighting equipment etc. and installation of fire alarm and water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc. Scope the budget for the maintenance of firefighting equipment and structural measures etc. under different categories. Health Medical camps in affected areas. Department Checklist of medicines and medicals facilities to have in the camps. Arrangements for the running of the camps on long term basis. Making arrangements for community centered medical services rather than camp centered services. Irrigation Identification of drought prone areas, availability of water resource in the area, Department level of ground water in the area. Formulation of prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures. Strategizing the cropping pattern in association with Department of Agriculture and Creation of Irrigation facilities accordingly. Monitoring and supervision of the watershed and rain water harvesting facilities in the drought prone areas. Public Installation of extra hand pumps to sustain the supply of drinking water Health Formulating rain harvesting practices and promoting the same in vulnerable areas. Engineering Department Food In consultation with Department of Disaster Management, setup centers for supply Corporation of food grains on subsidized rates or free, as decided. Water Ways Maintenance of sluice gates etc. and construction of channels for distributing river Department waters to ponds. Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities. Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk. Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response. Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same. Periodically inspect the embankments for cracks, holes and other potential wear and tear. Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this

44 placement of the items at safe places.

Structural Mitigation Measures for Drought Probable Identified Implementing Convergence Time Frame Mitigation Location s and Departments with Scheme/ Measures Villages Program Development of (Refer Hazard DDMA, DRDA Departmental 0-3 years Pasture land in mapping in Rural Scheme, common property, HVCA report) Development, MGNREGA seed farms and Panchayat trust land Rain Water DDMA, DRDA, MGNREGA, 0-3 years Harvesting storage APRLM NRLM tanks at household level and public buildings Structures for PWD, DDC, MGNREGA 0-3 years water harvesting Rural ,Watershed and recharging like development, program, wells, ponds, irrigation departmental check dams, farm department, schemes ponds, etc water resource Development of DDMA, DDMP, Regularly fodder plots/banks Agriculture Development department , plan animal husbandry department Repair and Irrigation, MGNREGA, 0-3 years maintenance, de- Rural Watershed silting of water Development, sources, check water dams, hand pumps resources etc.

45 Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Drought Probable Identified Implementing Convergence Time Frame Mitigation Location s and Departments with Scheme/ Measures Villages Program Listing/developing (Refer Hazard Rural MGNREGS Regularly shelf of work for mapping in Development, drought HVCA report) DDMA proofing/scarcity works including Identification of potential sites of water bodies Farmer education Agriculture & Departmental Regularly to practice horticulture schemes drought resistant department crops and efficient water use Set up control Panchayats Regularly mechanism for regulated water use (ponds, small dams, check dams) on the early unset.

46

Disaster Risk Reduction Plan

47 2. Disaster Risk Reduction Plan Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development. Disaster risk reduction strategies and policies define goals and objectives across different timescales and with concrete targets, indicators and time frames. In line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, these should be aimed at preventing the creation of disaster risk, the reduction of existing risk and the strengthening of economic, social, health and environmental resilience.

2.1. DRR Actions in conformity with SFDRR A global, agreed policy of disaster risk reduction is set out in the United Nations endorsed Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, adopted in March 2015, whose expected outcome over the next 15 years is: “The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries”. Based on this policy framework, Government of India has also prepared the National Disaster Management Plan, 2016 in line with SFDRR. This section of the DDMP will elaborate and build upon the ethos of the Policy with potential local implication in the district as follows: SFDRR Planned Action Responsible Timeframe Priority Department Area Collection, regular updation, analysis of DDMA with Regularly disaster and climate related L&D data of the support of all district concerned departments. Creating Disaster related database (Loss and NIC with Regularly damage, hazard and vulnerability maps, support of resource inventory,) in the District Website DDMA Print and use of Hazard maps in all forms of All 0-6 months Understan decision making at district level departments ding disaster To document existing traditional, indigenous DDMA with 0-1 year risk and local knowledge and practices related to support of flood, cyclone, drought and other risk PR&RD and management from communities Revenue department Conduct Workshop with major industries in DDMA 2-3 days the district to encourage CSR investments in workshop innovation and technology development in long-term, multi hazard and solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies and social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks; Conduct regular consultation with CSOs and DDMA Regularly CBOs to act as agents for dissemination early warning and disaster risk reduction education at grass-root level

48 Organize consultations with all stakeholders DDMA with 2-3 on status of implementation of the Disaster support of consultations management Act with focus on APSDMA and within 2017 accomplishments and areas of improvement NIDM and devising district level action plan for (Southern implementing the Act in true spirit Branch)

Strengthe ning Encourage local bodies who strictly monitor DDMA with 0-2 years disaster and prevent/prohibit construction support of risk (public/private) in hazard prone and APSDMA governanc vulnerable locations e to Organize workshops for PRI and ULB members DDMA with 0-1 year manage on their role in Disaster Risk Reduction support of disaster APSDMA risk Facilitate and appreciate PRIs and ULBs for DDMA with 0-1 year taking strong action on flood/drought/heat support of wave/road accident risk reduction APSDMA Establish GO-NGO platform at district level DDMA 0-6 months for DRR and CCA with protocols and role sharing Formulate Municipal policy, where applicable, VMC 1-2 years aimed at addressing the issues of prevention or relocation, where possible, of human settlements in disaster risk-prone zones, subject to national law and legal systems. Investing Identify and allocate the necessary resources, DDMA with 0-6 months in including finance and logistics, as support of disaster appropriate, at all levels of administration for APSDMA risk the development and the implementation of reduction the DDMP for Promote up-take of existing insurance (Crop, DDMA, NRLM, 1-5 Years resilience livelihood, health and life insurance) by the NULM, LICI vulnerable population and to encourage and other companies to evolve tailor made products for prominent PS East Godavari district specially targeting Insurance livelihood Companies Pilot structural and non-structural retrofitting DDMA with 2-3 years in 5 of the old hospitals through mobilizing Industry local investment from CSR and other sources Sector Assess structural and non-structural safety of DDMA with 3-5 years Kanak Durga temple and other sites of Tourism historical, cultural heritage and religious Department interest; with focus on earthquake, fire, food poisoning and stampede as prominent hazards Undertake multi-hazard mitigation actions on DDMA with 1-3 years the Collector’s R&B and APSDMA

49 Mainstream disaster and climate risk Municipal 1-3 years assessment in city and rural development Corporations planning and development planning with support (Identification of safer areas for expansion/ of DDMA and relocation) APSDMA Identify ways and means for implementation DDMA 0-6 months of DDMP and preparing bi-annual progress report with updation of the existing plan

Create and promote district level social media NIC and DDMA 0-6 months platform for mass dissemination of weather and disaster warnings and also for collection Enhancing ground report disaster prepared Assess and prepare assessment report pre- Concerned Regularly ness for cyclone on safety status of critical department effective infrastructure including water, transportation response and telecommunications infrastructure, and to educational facilities, hospitals and other “Build health facilities and implement strengthening Back measures Better” in recovery, Promote existing Panchayat Offices/AWCs or PR&RD with 2-5 Years rehabilita other prominent government institutions (as support of tion and applicable) in cyclone prone areas as DDMA and reconstru community centres for the promotion of APSDMA ction public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary materials to implement rescue and relief activities Conduct regular disaster preparedness, All ESFs Regularly response and recovery exercises, including evacuation drills, training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs; Develop guidelines for preparedness for DDMA 0-1 year disaster reconstruction, such as on land-use planning and structural standards improvements at district level

Take measures to strengthen emergency DDMA Regularly evacuation systems with all stakeholders

50 Establish a mechanism of case registry and a DDMA, Medical 1-2 years database of mortality caused by disaster in and Health; order to improve the prevention of morbidity and NIC and mortality

To strengthen capacity of BPHCs, city Medical and -2-3 years hospitals and hospitals in coastal areas to Health provide psychosocial support and mental health services for all people in need post disaster

2.2. DRR Actions:

Name of Vulnerable Causes in Mitigation Measure Hazard Location/Area/village details Short term Long term (Reasons) CYCLONE All Costal Mandals Surrounding Evacuation of the Construction of villags to the cyclone shelters villages river due to heavy rains it will be effected

Name of Hazard Vulnerable Causes in details Mitigation Measure Location/Area/village (Reasons) Short term Long term Cyclone Weavers NIL Government Construction of concentrated areas Relief for Worksheds are shown above damages looms, accessories, yarn and cloth Floods / Heavy Weavers NIL Government Construction of Rains concentrated areas Relief for Worksheds are shown above damages looms, accessories, yarn and cloth

51

Name of Hazard Vulnerable Causes in Mitigation Measure Location/Area/village details Short term Long term (Reasons) CYCLONES COASTAL MANDALS HEAVY RAINS – REVENUE STRONG WINDS AUTHORITIES AND COLD ADJUST PEOPLE IN WAVES FLOOD/CYCLONE AFFECTNG SHELTERS WIH VULNERABLE PROVISION OF PEOPLE FOOD AND RATION. HEALTH NEEDS ARE MET MY DEPUTED STAFF AS WELL AS LOCAL HELTH STAFF

Name of Hazard Vulnerable Mitigation Measure Location/Area/village Short term Long term Floods Partly in 41 Division Formation of Major Formation of Major Partly in 42 Division Drains duly Drains duly removing removing encroachments Floods Partly in31 Division Constructed CC Constructed CC Partly in 32 Division drain duly removing drain duly removing encroachments encroachments Floods Magunta Under Bridge Pumping through Constructed CC Ramalingapuram Under drain duly removing Electrical Bride encroachments motors/Oil Engines

Name of Vulnerable Causes in Mitigation Measure Hazard Location/Area/village details Short term Long (Reasons) term CYCLONE COASTAL MANDALS FLOODS SHELTER & FOOD , BLANKETS, - PLASTIC BUCKETS,TARPALINE,KIROSENE STOVES,KITCHEN SETS,DOTHIES,TOWELS,SARIES,MOSQUITO NETS ,LADIES BLOWSES,CANDLES, GARMET CLOTHES,

52

Name of Vulnerable Causes in Mitigation Measure Hazard Location/Area/village details Short term Long term (Reasons) Heavy 16 Aquaculture Huge 1) Communication 1) Provided Life Floods/ mandals damages warnings & alerted saving Rains occurred the Aquaculture Appliances for mandals to safe guard Aquaculture the ponds personnel. Vardah 10 Coastal mandals Losses 1) Communication 1) Providing Cyclone covering 117 Marine occurred in warnings and Shore based villages Sullurpet & alerted the Marine facilities, Tada Fishermen. Fishing mandals harbours & Jetties to keep craft & tackle in safer places.

53 2.3. Capacity Building Capability Building is skill development. Skill development is either in relation to self or other than the self. For example, swimming is a skill in relation to the self, whereas, the skill to operate a fire extinguisher is a skill in relation to the fire extinguisher.

Capability Building: At the Community Level: Capability building at the community level has to be largely self-orientated like swimming, firmly thatching of roofs, taking out an injured lying under debris and carrying safely for medical aid, rescuing a person while drowning etc.

Capability Building: At the Ground Level Institutions: Capability building at the ground level institutions one has to build around self as well as simple technologies based equipments: For example, plying of motorized boats, debris removal, fire extinguishers, first aid, snake/dog bite treatment, driving two wheelers, four wheelers setting up of tents, operating communication equipments, repair and maintenance of the same. The institutions that have to deal directly with the first respondent, that is communities, are.  Thana level Citizen Committees  Village and Mandal  PACs  Local CBO, & NGOs  Urban Local Bodies For this category of institutions, the capacity development programme and activities have to deal with:  Comprehensive understanding of hazard wise disaster caused  Hazard wise impact of disaster on people, livestock, property structures, agriculture, infrastructure etc.  Segment of impact wise operation to provide help and support with rescue, relief and shelter.  Keeping people alert and prepared on a periodic basis for the eventualities, that is, organizing drills and rehearsals. The programme and activities have to be in training and skill development mode coupled with practical and demonstrative exercises supported by IEC materials.

As these institutions are also slated to play important roles in disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness exercises, their capacity has also to be built in: i. Disaster wise mitigation measures and their repair and maintenance ii. Disaster wise preparedness measures and their applications within the institutions as well as at the community level.

54

Institutional Capacity Building The District Administration, having support from DDMA, shall work out its own district level Disaster Management Plan, its mitigation and preparedness need, the plan implementation strategy and its upward linkages to the State and downward linkages to the communities. From the district side, the officers shall be engaged in: I. The organization and assisting of District Disaster Management Authority, its functioning, its roles and responsibilities, the making of District Disaster Management Plan, the involvement of local bodies in the plan preparation and implementation in coordination with states and villages. II. The formation and running of Emergency Operation Centres at the district and panchayat levels, the modalities of its functioning, its roles and responsibilities at Lo, L1, L2 period in coordination with states and villages. III. The upkeep of equipment and materials and management of stores and manpower. All these orientations through well-structured programmes are specifically required because of the whole exercise of disaster management still being relief centre with states and villages. Capacity development is a resultant output of a set of inputs provided to increase understanding of issues and in the light of the increased understanding and appreciation, to act in a desired manner in a given situation. The response is not wooden but enlivened by the use of intelligence if the situation happens to be at variance. It is a modulation which will be required, in the context of disaster management, by the district level institutions, and government departments, the district level agencies, stakeholders other than the state and its agencies, and the people in the unit of a community. Capacity Building: Other Stakeholders Stakeholders in disaster management other than the state, from ground level upward, are the communities, PRIs, the local bodies, CBO, s & NGOs, the block level functionaries, the District administration, the corporate bodies. Of these the PRIs are the constitutional bodies and have well defined roles to play in disaster management.

Communities are the victims as well as first respondents of any disaster. As such, disaster preparedness of a state is required to be measured in terms of community preparedness. But, before preparing people, the state itself, its machinery, its concerned institution, it functionaries at all level shall have to be prepared. That is, before the disaster preparedness is initiated at the community level, the Gram Panchayat bhawans shall be in place and functional, the District Disaster Management Authority, the District level Emergency Operation Centre, the District Disaster Management Plan shall be ready; the State Disaster Management Authority, the State

55 Disaster Response Force and State level Emergency Operation Centre all shall be ready to get engaged to support community empowerment.

Based on the SWOT analysis and general understanding following are capacity building steps needs to be conducated;

Hazards Preparatory measures Imparting knowledge and understanding about hazard wise typical effects of disaster Typical effect wise how they should prepare themselves to reduce risk and cope up with the same. General How they have to prepare themselves to see through the emergencies. How they have to prepare themselves for SELF Awareness about the typical effects of earthquake as a hazard knowledge about proneness of the area and residence one is living in Sharing of the knowledge with family members and preparedness measures: how and where to take refuse under table or in a nook or corner of the house, move away from glass windows, bookcase and unsecured heavy object. Know the location of main switch in the house Earthquake Not to rush out of house if an open space is not there Get furnishings and household appliances properly fitted Keep a torch light , mobile phone and a first aid kit within reach Organize a team of young volunteers in rescue, debris removal, passage clearing operation as well as relief operations Remaining alert for the early warning Packaging of dry food stuff for the family + a can of drinking water Ready to shift to higher places like embankment etc. Flood Keeping women and children mentally prepared for shifting Remaining in contact with the local volunteers for help Developing a culture of water harvesting and storage in

56 the drought prone areas Promoting social forestry in the area Protecting and channelizing the source of water like Drought steams, river in the locality. Economizing water consumption. Selection of crops suitable for drip irrigation. Arrangements for alternative source of drinking water. To keep the roof of their hutments firmly tied. To remain alert for warning. To orient their family members about high speed wind and what they are expected to do. High Velocity Wind Avoid keeping anything heavy or sharp on roofs of hutments. Identify an alternative and safe place to take refuge in case of emergencies.

57 Training in Disaster Management

S. State Level / Name of the Course Participants No. District Level 1. District & Orientation course for first Home Guards, Civil Defence State responders to disasters volunteers, Forest Protection Force, Police

2. State Joint staff course in District Magistrate, Additional Disaster Response for District Magistrates, Sub-Divisional middle-level officers Magistrates, Superintendents of Police, Additional Superintendents of Police, Deputy Superintendents of Police 3. State Basic training for Para- Medical officers and para-medics medics and medical nominated by various state personnel of NDRF governments battalions and states 4. State Search & Rescue and Safe Civil Defence volunteers, SDRF, Evacuation Forest Protection Force, Fire & Emergency Services, Home Guards, NSS, NYKS, NCC 5. State Training of Trainers on 4 key and resourceful officers Incident Response System (IRS) 6. State Training on Incident Selected personnel of Response Response System Staff and General Staff of IRS to train people identified for various roles in pre-disaster period 7. State Training of Trainers (TOT) Masons on Earthquake Resistant Technology for Masons 8. District Hospital Preparedness & Doctors and Hospital Mass Casualty Management Administrators including Hospital Management Plan 9. District Mass casualty management Paramedics / Response Force (Police, Fire & Emergency Services, Civil Defence)

58 10. District Role of PRIs / ULBs in PRIs and ULBs Disaster Management 11. District Training of teachers on Teachers School safety including School DM Plans and conduct of mock drills 12. District Training for Village Village volunteers Defence Party’s 13. State TOT - Earthquake Engineers, Trainers from technical Resistant Technology for institutes, colleges, etc. Engineers 14. State TOT - Rapid Visual Junior Engineers Screening for Masonry Buildings 15. State TOT - Role of PRIs / ULBs PRIs and ULBs in Disaster Management 16. State State Disaster Resource SDO (Civil), Revenue Circle Officers Network (SDRN) 17. State Application of GIS Mapping ADC, DPOs, Line Departments of Utilities 18. State Damage and Needs ADC or DPO, District Disaster Assessment Management Authority; CMO, Health Department; District Food & Civil Supply Officer, Project Director, DRDA; Exec. Engineer or Assistant Exec. Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Exec. Engineer, Public Works – Building & Roads, Town Committee and S.P. or A.S.P. or D.S.P. 19. District Shelter and Camp District Food & Civil Supplies Management Officer; ADC or DPO, District Disaster Management Authority 20. District Collapsed Structure Search Civil Defence volunteers, Forest and Rescue and Medical Protection Force, Fire & First Response Emergency Services, Home Guards, SDRF 21. District Public Health in Public Health Engineering Emergencies (Safe drinking water and sanitation,

59 Alternative water resources identification during emergency conditions, Supply management).

60 2.4. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: National Flagship Schemes Sr. Name of the Actions DRR Activities for DRR No. schemes 1. Member of Each MP has the - Mitigation and - Construction of Parliament choice to suggest prevention flood control Local Area to the District through embankments Development Collector for, creation of - Construction of Scheme works to the durable common shelters (MPLADS) tune of Rs.5 community for cyclones, Floods Crores per assets based on and handicapped Utilise 10% to annum to be the locally felt - Purchase of motor 25% for DDR taken up in needs boats for flood and measures 1 his/her - As per Para 2.8 cyclone prone areas constituency. of the - Fire tenders for The Rajya Sabha guidelines on Government Member of MPLADS, organization Parliament can Hon’ble MPs - Retrofitting of recommend can recommend essential lifeline works in one or up to a buildings, viz Govt. more districts in maximum of Rs. hospitals, Govt. the State from 1 crore for Schools and public where he/she rehabilitation buildings to be used has been e- work for the as shelters in an lected. affected areas emergency. anywhere in the - Early Warning country in the Systems for event of effective disaster calamity of mitigation. severe nature. - Construction of roads, approach roads, link roads, Pathways. - Drinking water facility 2. Indira Awas Provides - Providing - Construction of Yojana (IAY) financial disaster disaster-resilient assistance to resilient houses Utilise 10% to rural poor for housing in areas

1 Office Memorandum F. No 55 (5)/PF – 11/2011, dated on September 6, 2016, Ministry of finance, department of expenditures plan Finance-II Division

61 25% for DDR constructing prone to measures their houses natural themselves calamities - To reducing risk of vulnerable population in Pre-disaster situation 3. Mahatma Legal guarantee - To minimise - Construction of Gandhi for one hundred economic river embankments National Rural days of vulnerability of - Construction of Employment employment in the people Pre- roads in remote Guarantee every financial disaster areas Scheme year to adult situation - Construction of (MGNREGS) members of any - Useful for multi-hazard Utilise 10% to rural household livelihood shelters 25% for DDR willing to do generation in measures public work- Post-disaster related unskilled situation manual work 4. Swarnjayanti Bring the - To minimise - Creation of SHGs Gram assisted poor economic Swarojgar families above vulnerability of Yojna (SGSY) the poverty line the people Pre- by organising disaster Utilise 10% to them into Self situation 25% for DDR Help Groups - Useful for measures (SHGs) through livelihood the process of generation in social Post-disaster mobilisation, situation their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government

62 subsidy. 5. Pradhan Good all-weather - Useful in pre as - Construction of Mantri Gram road connectivity well as post roads in remote Sadak Yojana to unconnected disaster areas (PMGSY) villages situation for Utilise 10% to road 25% for DDR connectivity measures 6. National To provide - One of the most - Rapid Action Force Health Mission accessible, important for Emergency (NHM) (NRHM affordable and component in Medical Response and NUHM) quality health Pre as well as - Emergency care to the urban post disaster ambulances Utilise 10% to and rural situation to - Preparedness for 25% for DDR population, provide mobile Field measures especially the universal access Hospitals vulnerable to health care groups. facilities 7. Scheme for Schemes under - To control - Vaccination drives Animal Health Department of Animal Care in the Animal epidemics State Husbandry Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 8. JnNURM To improve the - To develop and - Development of Utilise 10% to quality of life strengthen river embankments 25% for DDR and urban - Construction of measures infrastructure in infrastructure roads the cities to minimise - Storm water urban risk drainage 9. Rashtriya To provide - Insurance and - Insurance (Disaster Swasthya Bima health insurance Risk Transfer Insurance) Yojana coverage for Below Poverty Utilise 10% to Line (BPL) 25% for DDR families. measures 10. Pradhan To enable better - Minimising risk - Construction of Mantri Awas living and drive by constructing disaster resistant

63 Yojana (PMAY) economic growth Disaster houses stressing on the Resistant Utilise 10% to need for people housing in 25% for DDR centric urban Urban areas measures planning and development. 11. Pradhan An accidental - Insurance and - Insurance Mantri Death and Risk Transfer Suraksha Bima Disability Yojana insurance (PMSBY) scheme

Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 12. The Pradhan A term life - Insurance and - Insurance Mantri Jeevan insurance policy Risk Transfer Jyoti Bima and it will Yojana provide life (PMJJBY) insurance coverage on the Utilise 10% to death of the 25% for DDR policyholder. measures

2.5. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: State level Flagship Schemes S. Scheme Actions Eligibility Department No . 1. PavalaVaddi Interest subsidy The scheme is Department of scheme was started during applicable to all Rural Utilise 10% the year 2004-05 with an loans extended by Development to 25% for objective of providing banks on or after DDR interest subsidy on the 1st July 2004, measures loans taken by the Self under SHG Bank Help Groups. Linkage Programme

64 2. AndarikiAarogy Under this scheme under People will be Department of am which health insurance will able to get a Health be provided to all families health insurance Utilise 10% that are currently not to 25% for covered under the Central by spending just DDR Government’s scheme. Rs 100 as premium measures per head in the family.

3. SwastaVidyaV Under this scheme healthy Schools Students Department of ahini food will be offered to Health Schools in the State, Utilise 10% nutritious food will be to 25% for distributed to the students DDR studying in various schools measures at over 222 locations across the state. Apart from providing healthy foods, the scheme aims at inculcating healthy habits in children. 4. ArogyaRaksha This scheme would cover People ‘above the Department of Health people Above Poverty Line poverty line’ Health Insurance to provide them an (APL) Scheme insurance coverage of up to Rs. 2 Lakh per annum. Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 5. Energy This scheme is for the Every person is Department of Efficient distribution of energy eligible to buy the Energy Tubelights at efficient tube lights at tubelight at the Rs. 250 in subsidized rates. The cost of Rs 250. Andhra government would launch Pradesh the new scheme to Scheme (To distribute energy efficient be launched tube lights at kiosks across soon) the state. Utilise 10% to 25% for

65 DDR measures 6. Health for The scheme will be aimed People who are Department of All- Insurance at covering those outside not covered under Health Scheme of the any healthcare Utilise 10% ChandrannaBimaYojana. policy are eligible. to 25% for DDR measures

7. Free This scheme will enable Students Department of Smartphone the youth in the state to belonging to the Social Welfare Scheme for transect and connect BPL (Below Students digitally. Poverty Line) Utilise 10% category. to 25% for DDR measures 8. Badiki Vastha Under this Scheme the Girl students Department of – Free Bicycle state government would studying in class Social Welfare Scheme for provide free bicycles to 9. (Women & Girl Students every girl child studying in Child Utilise 10% class 9th in the state. Development) to 25% for DDR measures 9. ChandrannaBi This Scheme will benefit People working in Department of maYojana- labours in unorganized unorganised Social Welfare For labourers sectors such as sector. Utilise 10% agricultural labourers, to 25% for artisans, small self- DDR employed people, petty measures traders, vendors, hamals and shop employees and people working in similar sectors. 10 AP FiberNet This scheme aims to Everybody (from Department of . Project for provide affordable high AP State) Telecommunica 15-100 MBPS speed broadband tion Broadband at connectivity to the

66 Low Cost households and workplaces Utilise 10% across the state. to 25% for DDR measures 11 Rashtriya Comprehensively, taking Department of . Krishi Vikas agro-climatic conditions, Agriculture Yojana natural resource issues Utilise 10% and technology into to 25% for account, and integrating DDR livestock, poultry and measures fisheries more fully. 12 National Food Increasing production of Department of . Security rice, wheat, pulses and Agriculture Mission coarse cereals through Utilise 10% area expansion and to 25% for productivity enhancement DDR in a sustainable manner in measures the identified districts of the State. 12 National Quality planting materials, Department of . Mission on Oil irrigation and proper Agriculture Seeds And management and mainly Oilpalm on Oilseeds and Oil Palm Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 13 National Restructure & strengthen Department of . Mission on agricultural extension to Agriculture Agricultural enable delivery of Extension & appropriate technology Technology and improved agronomic Utilise 10% practices to the farmers to 25% for DDR measures 14 Unified Promotion of appropriate Department of . Package measures for risk transfer Agriculture & Insurance and micro insurance Finance

67 Scheme Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 15 Chandranna This scheme is to promote Department of . Rythu best agronomic and farm Agriculture Kshetralu management practices for Utilise 10% achieving increase in to 25% for productivity and reducing DDR the cost of cultivation. measures 16 Polambadi To reduce the cost of Department of . cultivation and Agriculture & Utilise 10% increase the Finance to 25% for productivity duly DDR empowering the measures farmers to take economical decisions by adopting practices of integrated crop management.

17 Supply of Supply of quality seed to Department of . Seeds on the farmers on subsidy Agriculture Subsidy Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 18 Agriculture Under this scheme Department of . Debt Farmers’ welfare and Agriculture & Redemption development activities Finance Scheme and Crop Loans and Agriculture gold loans Utilise 10% will be made available to 25% for to the farmers. DDR measures

68 19 SarvaSikshaA Capacity building and Department of . bhiyan training programmes Education for education Utilise 10% functionaries to 25% for DDR measures 20 Model School Constructing Department of . schools resilient to Education Utilise 10% disaster and climate to 25% for change risk DDR measures 21 Strengthening Setting up District Department of . of Teacher’s Institutes of Education Education Training and Training Institutes Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 22 Inclusive Student-oriented Department of . Education for components, such as Education Disabled at medical and Secondary educational Stage assessment, books and stationery, uniforms, Utilise 10% transport allowance, to 25% for reader allowance, DDR stipend for girls, measures support services, assistive devices, boarding the lodging facility, therapeutic services, teaching learning materials, etc 23 RastriyaMadh Providing necessary Department of . yamikShiksha physical facilities, Education Abhiyan teaching and non – Utilise 10% teaching staff for

69 to 25% for every secondary DDR school measures 24 State Council Preparation of Department of . of Education curricula, syllabus, Education Research and instruction material for Training primary, upper (SCERT) Primary, secondary and Utilise 10% alternative system of to 25% for education. DDR measures 25 National The scheme recognizes Department of . Afforestation that climate change Forestry Programme phenomena will seriously affect and Utilise 10% alter the distribution, to 25% for type and quality of DDR natural resources of measures the country and the associated livelihoods of the people 26 Integrated Integrated Department of . Development development of wild Forestry of Wild Life life habitats for Habitats Seshachalam Biosphere, Rollapadu Utilise 10% Wildlife Sanctuary to 25% for (Great Indian Bustard DDR Conservation) and Sri measures Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary (Jerdons Courser Conservation) 27 Seed To improve the genetic Department of . Development quality of the Forestry reproductive Utilise 10% propagules and to to 25% for supply high quality DDR seed to cater to the

70 measures needs of Territorial and Special Divisions in the Forest Department 28 Environmenta Developmental Department of . l Planting in activities in the Forestry Degraded wildlife development Forests of National Parks and around Urban Sanctuaries and other Areas issues related to Utilise 10% wildlife to 25% for DDR measures 29 Mixed Increase the forest Department of . Plantation cover outside the Forestry Scheme reserve forest and to realize cherished goal Utilise 10% of “Haritha Andhra to 25% for Pradesh” under social DDR Forestry Programme. measures Avenue Plantation raising of tall plants and small bag seedlings anddistributing seedlings to people 30 Integrated Creating awareness in Department of . Forest forestry community for Forestry protection protection of forests Scheme and saving forests from (IFPS) getting degraded

Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 31 Wildlife Conduct of research on Department of . Crime Control the endangering spices Forestry Bureau and encountering the threats Utilise 10%

71 to 25% for DDR measures 32 Integrated Support to Protected Department of . Development Areas (National Parks, Forestry of Wildlife Wildlife Sanctuaries, Habitats Conservation Reserves & Community Reserves) Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR measures 33 NeeruChettu Building capacity for Department of . integrated forest Forestry Utilise 10% management to 25% for DDR measures

72

Climate Change Actions

73 2. Climate Change Actions:

Although an increase in natural disasters like cyclones is considered to be a strong indicator of climate change, there is less evidence that this is happening in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. The incidence of cyclones may have remained largely the same as ever, what may have increased is their intensity and their area of distribution. The last two cyclones to have hit the Andhra Pradesh coast – Cyclone Laila and Cyclone Nilam – have left significant damages in their wake, affecting agriculture and fisheries very badly. Another critical change with respect to the cyclones has been that they too have ceased to be seasonal: until mid-1990s, specific months – May & November – were considered as the ‘cyclone months’ and the administration could be prepared to deal with them in those months. However, over the last 18 years, the seasonal nature of the cyclonic activity has proved to be no longer valid and cyclones have become more erratic. The other natural disaster that can be linked to climate change, and that by 1980s had been considered to have been largely controlled in Andhra Pradesh, is the incidence of flash floods. The sudden and intensive downpours in the upland areas lead to sudden and excessive flooding that the existing flood banks and other preventive infrastructure are unable to cope with. The obstructive constructions built over former water drainage channels in the plains contribute to aggravate the impacts of the floods. Unlike in the case of cyclones, there are no advance warning systems to warn people of the imminent flooding of their areas, which contribute to further increasing the extent of damages. Change detection techniques using temporal remote sensing data provide detailed information for detecting and assessing land use land cover dynamics. The land use / land cover system is highly dynamic which undergoes significant changes according to the changing socio-economic and natural environment. The change in any form of land use is largely related to bio-physical or socioeconomic. The reduction in the area of agricultural land is attributed to the growth of settlements and industries. The detailed analysis have revealed that the area under agriculture is decreased and built up land increased from 3.19 to 4.13%, whereas the wastelands are slightly decreased from 2.90 to 2.66%. Expansion of industrial area has been found to be estimated from 116 to 209 hectares during the period from 2000 to 2010. The forest land which is sparse should be increased. This will help in maintaining ecological balance and improving environment of the region. The generated information for the land use pattern will aid in understanding the spatial distribution and extent which will help in further planning and taking in time appropriate decisions for sustainable development. Also the local people should be made aware of the importance of the land use / land cover pattern and land use change.

74 2.1. Sector Specific Activities for climate Change:

Sector Invention type Activities Disaster Coordination and Setting up of Climate Change Sub-cell in Managemen networking the district t Monitoring of various Establish automatic weather stations at climate parameters critical locations to monitor the changes in various climate parameters. Research Training & Community based risk assessment, Capacity Building Preparation of disaster management plan, Training of community members on search and rescue. Training of: - Departmental officials in vulnerability assessment. - Departmental officials in the use of GIS and RS tools for effective resource management. - Engineers in retrofitting of existing structures and safer construction practices. - Mason in safer construction practices. - Formal first responders in search & rescue & first aid. - District level government officers in post-disaster needs assessment. - Media personnel in reporting disaster related issues. - Government officials in preparation of disaster management plans - Government officials in post disaster response and utilisation of IRS principles. Mock drills and table top exercises involving nodal officers of various government departments Awareness Knowledge sharing on Disaster management through various media (performing, print and electronic) - Training of schoolteachers in

75 vulnerability assessment and school disaster management plans preparation. - Vulnerability assessments: Structural and Non-structural, - Training, Mock Drills, painting etc. competitions in educational institutions, - Training of doctors in mass casualty management and hospital disaster management plan preparation. - Vulnerability assessments: Structural and Non-structural Vulnerability and risk - Vulnerability assessment of lifeline management structure and demonstrative retrofitting - Relocation of critical infrastructure - Relocation of a few threatened habitations - Assessment of urban vulnerability particularly in case of extreme precipitation events - Vulnerability assessment of all industrial units in the state Agriculture Planning Development of agro-climatic zone wise adaptation plans Forecasting and early - Establish weather service and early warning systems warning system through enhanced agro-met technology deployment and information dissemination - Facilitating access to information and institutional support by expanding Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) networks to the Panchayat level and linking them to existing insurance mechanisms including Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) and National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS), scaling the returns at that level;

76 Improved varieties and - Development and deployment of practices improved crop varieties (drought and flood tolerant) Irrigation - Promotion of Micro-irrigation systems augmentation - Solar and wind power systems for irrigation Soil and water - Implementing measures to minimize conservation soil and water losses through resource conservation technologies such as agro forestry, integrated watershed management, and water harvesting through check dams, renovation of existing ponds, etc. and building new ones Integrated nutrient and Study on integrated nutrient and pest pest management management based on sector climate vulnerability assessment; development of management options Forests and Interventions in forest and Forest/biodiversity protection, Bio non forest areas conservation, and green cover Diversity augmentation Fire Management Measures for fire management in all forest types Research Studies on indigenous trees species to assess their vulnerability to climate change Biodiversity conservation Survey, identify, catalogue, document, protect, and improve/enhance the status of biodiversity Water Water - Inventory of and revival/ repair of resource infrastructure/resource Ahar-Pynes and traditional systems of augmentation/conservatio water initiated n/management - Conservation and preservation of wetlands and maintenance of optimal wetland hydrology - Groundwater resources regulation and recharge/replenishment - Actions for water use efficiency

77 across sub-sectors - Actions for improving water quality - Actions for adaptive retrofitting of infrastructure assets and O&M improvements Urban Energy demand reduction - Energy efficiency and conservation developmen and efficiency measures t - Promotion of and codes for green/energy efficient buildings, including in urban housing projects under various programmes Adoption of renewable Promotion of renewable energy sources and technologies Management of water, Comprehensive approach in management municipal solid waste and of water, municipal waste and waste waste water water with a realize their full potential for energy generation, recycling and reuse, composting, rainwater harvesting, Retrofitting of urban infrastructure climate resilience based on vulnerability and risk assessment Urban transportation Evolving integrated land use and transportation plans, achieving a modal shift from private to public mode of transportation, encouraging the use of non-motorised transport, improving fuel efficiency, and encouraging use of alternate fuels

Adaptation in terms of realignment and relocation, design standards and planning for roads, rail and other infrastructure to cope with risks from climate change Promote and foster alternative fuels such as CNG, bio-fuels Transport Transport Infrastructure, - Improve access to bus services and planning, and management service quality (Enhanced and resilient - Enable and promote public transport transportation - Improve route and traffic planning, infrastructure and - Rigorously implement measures for

78 systems in place) vehicular pollution control - Promote the use and ensure availability of cleaner fuels such as CNG and bio-fuels Energy Energy conservation and - Promoting the use of energy efficient efficiency improvements pumps and motors - Promotion of CFLs under the Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) - Awareness generation about energy efficient equipment and energy conservation measures Industries Promoting Green House - Build awareness for adoption of GHG and mining Gases Mitigation options mitigation options

Human Building programme - Design and deploy to manage Health Based resilience increased vector borne and water borne disease burden - Design and deploy improved approaches to deal with heat and wave conditions - Design and deploy measures to address drought induced malnutrition, and food security issues Capacity building - Build people’s awareness of health hazards from climatic change through IEC - Developing and strengthening of disaster management teams in district hospital specifically to respond to the effect of extreme climate change Research Study on poverty and equity dimensions of health, disease burden and morbidity as a result of climate change; design of appropriate measures to incorporate findings into health policy and programming Health Reviews of the health infrastructure and Infrastructure potential climate change related resilience vulnerabilities and risks (and where such

79 infrastructure is found to be at high risk, retrofit to make these more climate resilient)

80 2.2. Suggestive Initiatives to Mitigate Climate Change Initiatives to mitigate disasters (intensified by Initiatives to mitigate climate change climate change) Continuous on-going efforts at tracking and disaster Introducing new, more efficient and cleaner risk indicators and developing improved early warning technologies in thermal power generation. systems; Developing and putting in place strategies and action Promoting renewable energy generation and programmes for disaster vulnerability reduction; increasing the share of alternative fuels in overall fuel mix. Extensive information, education and communication Reducing emissions from transportation sector campaigns for the public in general, and specific communications in high risk zones; Improving inter-departmental coordination and Promoting energy efficiency in the economy, notably communications for improved risk management and in industry, transportation, buildings and appliances. disaster response; Seamless integration of state disaster management Reducing emissions from waste. machinery with other key stakeholders such as other developmental agencies and civil society for extended capability in all aspects of risk management and disaster response; Provision of all necessary equipment and Developing climate resilient infrastructure infrastructure for speedy and efficient responses to disasters including search and rescue, relief measures, and rehabilitation/reconstruction; Upgradation and retrofitting of key infrastructure Full implementation of Green India Mission and other assets in risk-prone zones/areas; programmes of a forestation. Systematic implementation of the State Disaster Planning and implementation of actions to enhance Management Plan in all its aspects. climate resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change. Proper waste management practices, particularly biomedical waste management to improve health and laying scenario

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