Electro Coagulation - an Efficient Pre-Treatment Process

us EPA RECORDS CENTER REGION 5

494774

WATER RECOVERY Electrocoagulation A Green Path to Cleaner Water Powell EC Systems • Available in 1.5 - 2,500 Gallon Per Minute (CRM) Standard Sizes EC - A Pre Treatment Process

• Contaminated water runs through the EC system after large solids are removed • EC precipitates suspended solids and other contaminants • Contaminants are removed from the processed water by clarification or filtration • EC protects/prolongs life of filtration membranes by virtually eliminating suspended solids before filtration process • Salt, if an issue, is removed by Reverse Osmosis (R/0) system Example - Municipal Wastewater

Constituent Raw T reated % Removal TSS (mg / I) 4,620 7 99% + BOD(mg/l) 1,050 14 99% + Bacteria (cfu) 110,000,000 2,700 99% + Testing performed on oxygenated municipal sewage water. Similar Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) results generated from a wide range of industrial applications. Powell - EC in High Volume

SOOgpm EC units

1 .OOOgpm system designed for silica and hardness removal so cooling tower blow-down can be used for boiler feed Powell - The EC Leader

• Over 1 50 systems sold worldwide RioTintoAlcan • Developing and selling systems for 10+ years inO) • Patented designs • Validated third Chevron s party results PmiuMium Corporatton

Proven Reliable Contaminant Removal Rates * Results are based on 60 second residence time In the EC chamber. Higher removal rates can be achieved with longer residence time. Contaminant Before (Mg/L) After (Mg/L) Removal Rate (%) Aldrin (pesticide) 0.0630 0.0010 98.40

Aluminum 224.0000 0.6900 99.69

Ammonia 49.0000 19.4000 :J|^1" 60.41 Arsenic 0.0760 <0.0022 97.12 A O o Barium 0.0145 b o 93.10i V-iWllPfl Benzene 90.1000 0.3590 99.60

BOD ^ j 1050.0000 14.0000 98.67

Boron 4.8600 1.4100 70.98

Cadmium 0.1252 <0.0040 96.81

Calcium 1,321.0000 21.4000 98.40 Chlorieviphos 5.8700: 0.0300 99.50 (pesticide) Chromium 139.0000 <0.1000 99.92 Contaminant Before (Mg/L) After (Mg/L) Removal Rate (%)

Cobalt 0.1238 0.0214 82.71 Copper 0.7984 <0.0020 99.75

Cyanide (Free) 723.0000 <0.0200 99.99 Cypermethrin 1.3000 0.0700 94.60 (pesticide)

.. itrt DDT (pesticide) 3 0.261() 0.0020i 99.20 Diazinon (pesticide) 34.0000 0.2100 99.40

Ethyl Benzene .'5,' 428.0C)6OU 0.3720i 99.91 Fluoride 1.1000 0.4150 62.27

Cold 5.7200 1.3800t 75.87

Iron 68.3400 0.1939 99.72

Lead 0.590(3* 0.0032| 99.46 •« i . .'J Lindane (pesticide) 0.1430 0.0010 99.30 Magnesiurrfl 13.1500| 0.0444 99.66 Manganese 1.0610 0.0184 98.27 r- Mercury ^ 0.7200 <0.003l| 98.45 Contaminant Before (Mg/L) After (Mg/L) Removal Rate (%)

Molybdenum 0.3500 0.0290 91.71

MP-Xyiene 41.6000 0.0570 99.86

MTBE 21.5800 0.0462 99.79

Nickel 183.0000 0.0700 99.96

Nitrate 11-700(^ 2.6000 77.7^

Nitrite 21.0000 12.0000 42.86

Nitrogen TKN 1,118.8800 59.0800 94.72"

NTU 35.3800 0.3200 99.10

0-Xylene 191.0000 0.4160 99.78

PCB (Arochlor 1248) 0.0007 <0.0001 85.71 Petroleum 72.5000 <0.2000 99.72 Hydrocarbons Phosphate 28.0000 0.2000 99.28

Platinum 4.4000 0.6800 84.55

Potassium 200.0000 110.0000 45.00 Proptamphos 80.8700 0.3600 99.60 (pesticide) Contaminant Before (Mg/L) After (Mg/L) Removal Rate (%)

Selenium 68.0000 38.0000 44.00

Silicon 21.0700 0.1000 99.50

Sulfate 104.0000 "^"^68.0000 34.61

Silver 0.0081 0.0006 92.59

0.2130^ <0.0200l 90.61

Tolulene 28,480.0000 0.2270 99.99

TSS 1,560.0000 8.0000 99.49

Vanadium 0.2621 <0.0020 99.24 Zinc 221.00 0.14 99.90

Americium-241 71.9900 pCi/L 0.5700 pCi/L 99.20

Plutonium-239 29.8500 pCi/U 0.2900 pCi/L 99.00

Radium 1093.0000 pCi/L 0.1000 pCi/L 99.99

Uranium 0.1300 mg/L 0.0002 mg/L 99.83 Gulp CIear Water We malce it f ure !

Gulp Clear Water LLC has developed a patented process combining several different innovative technologies to be used in a single water purification system. Our material, service and manufacturing partners are leaders in their specific industries. OCR Engineering, Evoqua, SETi, Powell, and the G2E Associates

Model: GCW 100 100 GaBon Per Minute Water Purification Unit Property of Gulp Clear Water LLC DCR Engineering Services is a professional engineering firm serving U.S. Industrial and municipal markets for nearly 30 years. We provide full service engineering, design, programming, project management, panel fabrication, construction management and startup support. Our services range from single task oriented endeavors, through full service multi-discipline engineering and design/build projects.

Here is the link to DCR engineering http://www.dcrenQ.com/ evOQUA WATFP TFCHHO! OGrpS

Evoqua Water Technologies, formerly Siemens Water Technologies, is a leader in water and wastewater treatment products, systems and services for industrial and municipal customers. We offer a wide range of proven product brands and advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies, mobile and emergency water supply solutions and service contract options. Here is the link to Evoqua Water Technologies : www.evoqua.com. SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLacY, INC. Sensor Electronic Technology, Inc. (SETi) is the world's leading supplier of deep UV LEDs; LEDs with emission wavelengths shorter than 365nm. Using our proprietary and patented technology, we develop, manufacture and sell standard LED products under the UVTOP® trademark and custom LED products and solutions under the UVCLEAN® trademark into public and private sectors. Certified to 1509001:2008 and AS9100, we are committed to meeting and exceeding the needs of our customers and stakeholders through the highest levels of quality management. Here is the Link to SETi: http://www.s-et.com

High Power UV LED Lamps for Disinfection

UV GwnoiM L£Ot wl« tw Pnw B DMmiMi WMr SutiQK and Air POWEU

m 2 I ^& do aft ^ t. x%\r^ fSi4ir-iirv-»«ftl 4»C4A cosfcts. r^«3 tc;» K>usv ^ r4i»c4%^C4 wof«L«rTtM . ^>-0C*»r«11«• I to Atroarr-tliott cz^f>«AC-^4tV- r«»cJoc::tt:* WATER RECOVERY o«>VT*oo« »*>»• »t c::ooc«t JSk c~c>rr»g:>l«« jc«ty. Electro Coagulation - an efficient Pre-treatment process

Electrocoagulation is the process of passing an electrical current through metal plates into water to destabilize and aggregate suspended, emulsified or dissolved contaminants in the water, thereby enabling them to be subsequently removed by sedimentation and/or filtration. It's an extremely effective alternative to chemical coagulation that's been around more than 100 years, but only recently been perfected for high-volume applications. This Pre-treatment sends water to Gulp with low solids, and ready to be fully purified.

Powell EC enables the removal of a wide range of contaminants ° Heavy metals, suspended particulates, bacteria/viruses, radioactive material, oil emulsions and more ° No other single wastewater component treats this range of contaminant types th ° Operating cost less than 1/10 that of chemical coagulation

° A Green Path to Cleaner Water Here Is the link to Powell: http://www.poweIiwaterrecovery.com/ Model: OCW 100 100 G«lloii Per Minute Weler Piui&ation Unit Property of Gulp Clear Weter LLC

I. Stainless Steel Activated Carbon Box

2,3,4,5,6,7. Stainless Steel Ion Exchange Resin Boxes

8,9,10. Stainless Steel Water Tanks with UVC LED Photo-reactors

II. Stainless Steel Activated Carbon Box

12. Water Pump

13,14,15. Water Vacuum Pumps

16. Water Pump

Additional Equipment and Advantages: a) Fully Integrated and Compatible Electronic Control Panel b) 3" Food Grade Stainless Steel Piping c) Constant Flow Rate Switching System for Photo-reactor Tanks d) Photodlode System for Constant Water Quality Monitoring e) Satellite Feed for Remote Monitoring and Emergency Action f) In Line Flow Rate Meters g) In Line Resin Traps h) All Food Grade Stainless Steel Equipment. k) Perforated Stainless Steel Pliating Inside Resin Boxes for Water Dispersion & Vacuum System

I) Can be Mobile Unit Compatible with a Low Boy Trailer. m) 4-6 Log Reduction of Microorganisms in Water for up to % 99.9999 purity. U 1 r ^ r VV^ make it f*ui c !

1) First bulk container will hold 1,000 to 6,000 lbs of activated carbon. Bottom opening of bulk container will require a variable water flow rate of 240 gal per minute.

2) Water and vacuum pumps will be up to 240 gallons per minute fixed or variable speed. This will give us greater flexibility to handle all water sources based on input quality.

3) Stack of ion exchange resin boxes require the capacity to hold 10 to 3,000 lb of specialty resins in each unit, as well as the weight capacity of a constant water flow rate of 45 to 240 gal per minute through the bottom opening of the container. Water movement through ion exchange and activated carbon boxes will be provided by pump system.

4) Three Mirror Polished Stainless Steel Water Holding Tanks with a Minimum of One Center 275nm UVC LED(s) Enclosed in Center Mounted Quartz sleeve.

5) (Not Pictured) Switching unit to fill first stainless water tank, then switch to second tank while first tank's UVC LED(s) have water exposure time of between 1and 2 minutes before draining. Second tank will fill and remain stationary for between 1 and 2 minutes UVC LED(s) exposure time before draining while third tank is being filled. The process repeats in a constant loop (tank 1- fill: sit for required time: drain, tank 2- fill: sit for required time: drain, tank 3- fill: sit for required time: drain)

6) The final water pump will be a self-priming pump to empty the tanks at a pace faster than the capacity of the three holding tanks and UVC exposure time required.

7) Water will pass through one or more bulk containers as a redundant or required system.

8) (Not pictured) A photo diode unit will be placed at the end of the system for a constant monitoring of the purification process with safety alarm, water quality, and flow rate notifications. 72" 45" n" "1 72' ^56'' |5d" Paaiy Activated Carboa h Resias m ActK-ated Catitoa 72" r i m 71"

26' of equipment ia length excluding water pumps

Modet OCW 245

45"

56" |56'- Paey1 1 Activated Carboa Resias ActH-ated Carbea 45" 72" d 72"

26' of equipment in length excluding water pamps

Model: OCW 45

64,800 Gal Per Day 45 Gal Per \lla 23,652,000 Gal Per Year

Toy V'lee

47" 45" • 1 Faair 5a.75" 58.75" Pnay 56" 156" Pomp 1 Resias 47" 45" i

15' 6" Eqa^aieat Length Exclading pomps

24" 24" Interior Description of Boxes

Perforated Stainless Steel

Ion Exchange Resin

Gravel Bed

Photo Reactor Chamber

Stainkss Steel Food Grade

Mirror Polished Interior witching System

U\'C LED 275nm LED(s) Crystal Sleeve

•• •'V'S t (julp (^lear Water We make it urc Technology Description

Gulp Clear Water equipment is designed to purify any source of water by removing harmful microorganisms and synthetic contaminants through particle, ultraviolet, ion-exchange, and activated carbon filtration.

The individual technologies used within are proven and recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) as valid and effective means of eliminating biological contaminants.

The UVC LED light system in this technology is at the cutting edge and can be arranged in various configurations to address many sterilization needs. Additionally, LED lighting utilizes low power circuitry that can be powered from rechargeable batteries or alternative energy sources.

The system is activated by pre-programmed, manual or automated commands in the designed computer control applications to reduce/remove the possibility of "human" error. The complete system will be monitored remotely by our Central Support System, 24/7.

Benefits: 1) Uses UVC LED technology, and Ion Resin filtration contaminate removal 2) Removes radioactive isotopes (uranium, cesium, etc.) and heavy metals. 3) Does not use harmful chemicals- Very environmentally responsible "Green" 4) Removes Synthetic Contaminants- (pesticides, VOC's, etc.) 5) Adaptable filtration system using Siemens & Dow Ion Resins as selected for full performance 6) Reduces odors 7) Low electrical requirements 8) Adaptable to different product designs based on input water 9) Kills harmful bacteria, virus, algae, fungus, molds, and parasites such as: a) H1N1, b) MRSA, c) Hepatitis A, B, C, d) HIV, e) Staph Bacteria, f) Influenza, g) Malaria, h) Strep, i) Molds, j) Fungus, k) Algae, I) Yeast, m) Parasites 10) Individual processes are EPA, FDA, USDA, and CDC approved for disinfection 11) There are no disinfection byproducts (Verified by service agreements with Siemens) 12) Softens water 13) Cost Effective 14) Efficient 15) Precision of Sterilization 16) Does Not Promote Mutation of Treatment Resistant Microorganisms 17) Designed for Portability

Paep 1nf17 (julp (^iear Water ma Ice I't f ure

Details on the essential water filtration and purification elements

Activated Carbon Our granular activated carbons and filtration systems remove organic and inorganic contaminants from groundwater, surface and process water, wastewater and air/vapor streams. With permanent or removable adsorber equipment options and carbons backed by an industry-leading quality assurance program, Siemens Water Technologies gives customers the right configuration for their application and flow rate, while also assuring optimal carbon utilization. ICarbon Filters (Siemens Water Technologies supplies a complete range of disinfection ]technologies, including carbon filter technologies, to kill or inactivate tisease-causing bacteria in water.

[Granular Activated Carbon (GAG) estates® activated carbon medias. Siemens Water Technologies [inventory a full line of premium virgin activated carbons made from high uality bituminous coal, coconut shell and anthracite coal raw materials or liquid and vapor phase applications.

Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) Siemens Water Technologies Manufactured by direct activation, these imicroporous carbons have been specifically developed for the removal of broad range of organic contaminants from potable, waste and process aters

Pagp 2 of 17 .•A Ion Exchange Ion exchange is an exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex. We offer a wide selection of ion exchange products to suit your needs Resins - Cation. Anion and Specialty Our USF™ ion exchange resins are produced by the leading manufacturers to meet our stringent, performance based specifications. Our high standards assure that USF™ resins are the highest quality product and also, most competitively priced. Resins - Cation, Anion & Speciaity Resin is used in ion exchange systems for water and wastewater treatment. We are the largest distributor of ion exchange resin in North America and a major international distributor.

Ion Exchange Resin Siemens is a leader in developing new technologies and applications for resin. We work closely with the leading resin manufacturers to improve existing product quality and to develop new products to meet changing application needs. Our experience in ion exchange technology spans greater than 80 years and is backed by a rich history of businesses recognized as leaders in the water treatment industry.

For specialty resin applications, we offer customized high-purity processing and blending to meet FDA requirements for the food and beverage, and pharmaceutical markets.

Ion Exchange Resin Services From resin processing and disposal to system performance optimization, Siemens' specialty ion exchange resin sen/ices are designed to help you operate your water treatment system efficiently and cost effectively.

Siemens Water Technologies is a leader in developing new technologies and applications for resin. We also work closely with the leading resin manufacturers to improve existing product quality and to develop new products to meet changing application needs. Our experience in ion exchange technology spans more than 80 years and is backed by a rich history of businesses recognized as leaders in the water treatment industry.

As a complement to our resin product inventory, Siemens offers a complete support program to provide our customers with the services necessary to maintain their ion exchange systems for peak performance and long-term operation. In addition to being the largest distributor of ion exchange resin, we also provide a full range of services including analytical testing, resin removal/reinstallation, cleaning and reconditioning. For specialty applications, we offer customized high-purity resin processing and blending to meet FDA requirements for the food and beverage and pharmaceutical markets. And, when it is time to dispose of your spent resin, we can assist in coordinating options for investment recovery or proper disposal. Siemens offers complete support at every phase throughout the life of your system.

Pasp 3 nf17 Our ion exchange resin services are offered either on an as-needed basis or as part of a comprehensive, preventative maintenance or service contract. All of our services are performed by trained Siemens employees who use company-owned transportation and specialty vehicles to perform the services. Our field service personnel have experience in maintaining and operating our own systems as well as equipment provided by other companies. Our technicians provide prompt, courteous service to help customers manage their water treatment system with minimum downtime and maximum use of direct labor and operating budgets.

Our trained service technicians are ready to serve customers from over 85 offices in North America. Local service branches allow us to schedule service and repairs when you need them, not when the airfare is cheaper. In fact, we are positioned to reach over 85% of the US population in less than a 2 hour drive.

Peace of mind comes from knowing you can reach Siemens 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Our customer service department is available to assist with information on parts, place orders, locate a local Siemens service branch or contact a sales representative. If you have technical questions, we have industry experts ready to assist at our toll-free, technical support hotline.

Features and Benefits of Partnering With Siemens

> Large inventory of stocked resins, including USF™ resins and resins from other leading manufacturers • Same day shipment of stocked resins • Regional resin distribution/stocking centers • Extensive analytical and testing laboratory I Customized packaging and delivery options • Proprietary, computer-based Performance Evaluation Program I Temporary/mobile water treatment systems I 24/7 customer telephone service I Trained, technical support staff I 85-1- sales and service branches throughout North America and Canada

Ion Exchange Resin Services - Custom Processing

Siemens' custom resin processing facility uses microelectronics grade water to meet customer's high purity resin needs.

Custom processing to meet high purity ion exchange resin applications

Siemens Water Technologies offers custom resin processing to meet special requirements associated with high purity water applications. Resins are mixed, blended and/or processed using microlectronics grade water (typically <3 ppb TOC, 18-r-Megohm and <50 ppt Na) to ensure the integrity of the process.

Some of the special custom resin requirements that we offer include;

- Extremely low organic leachable impurities - Conversion to specific ionic forms - Terminal Settling Velocity Modified (for improved separabiilty) - Custom packaging - FDA cycling for food and pharmaceutical applications (taste and odor free)

Pagp 4 of 17 Ion Exchange Resin Removal and Replacement Siemens Water Technologies provides full turnkey services to coordinate the removal and reinstallation of your ion exchange resin. With complete responsibility in Siemens' hands, you can be assured that your project will be completed on-time, within budget and in complete compliance.

Resin replacement and removal services provided by Siemens' field technicians using Siemens specialty vehicles Siemens' team of trained sen/ice technicians can provide complete project coordination for the removal and testing of your spent ion exchange resin and the reinstallation of new resin. Our turnkey service includes pre- disposal Toxicity Characteristic Leachable Procedure (TCLP) testing, pre- and post-disposal documentation, removal of existing spent resin, visual inspection of the service vessel, installation of new resin and pre arranged disposal with a licensed landfill. We can also investigate the possibility of investment recovery through used resin brokers that Siemens maintains relationships with.

A reliable and extensive service network and strategically located resin regeneration facilities allow Siemens to effectively serve our large North American customer base - quickly and efficiently.

Features and Benefits Assistance with TCLP and disposal Minimize direct labor/manpower usage Convenient scheduling Facilitate documentation/record-keeping Ensure complete environmental compliance Access to used resin brokers for investment recovery

Ion Exchange Resin Laboratory Testing Services Siemens Water Technologies owns and operates a state-of-the-art ion exchange resin testing laboratory. Periodic laboratory testing and analysis of your ion exchange resin is recommended to ensure optimum performance from your water or wastewater treatment system.

Ion Exchange Resin Performance and Quality Testing From Siemens

Ion Exchange resin testing helps determines the quality of your resin and can help to diagnose your water and wastewater system's operating problems. Periodic testing of your resin helps to ensure that your system continues to operate optimally and efficiently.

Testing of your resin begins with gathering a sample. Siemens can either provide you with a resin sample kit for gathering the sample using your own site personnel, or if you prefer, we can also arrange for a service technician from one of our local branches to assist in the sampling process.

In addition, Siemens can also provide expert evaluation of new ion exchange products for your conventional and special liquid processing applications.

Paep 5 of 17 standard Laboratory Resin Testing offered:

• Ion Chromatography for both routine anion analysis in water and special analytical needs • Metal analysis by AA (atomic absorption) and ICR (inductively coupled plasma) spectroscopy > Moisture analysis of resin by microwave drying • Resin particle sizing > Spectro photometric equipment • TOG (total organic carbon) > Wet chemicals methods

Ion Exchange Resin Cleaning and Reconditioning Dow & Siemens Water Techologies provides resin cleaning and reconditioning for salvage of your fouled, cross-contaminated and/or exhausted resin.

Siemens provides an extensive line of ion exchange products and support services Siemens offers ion exchange resin cleaning and conditioning services to restore resins which have been fouled, cross-contaminated and/or exhausted. Our field service technicians provide this service on a turnkey basis, including removal of the resins, transportation to our local processing plant, and return to your facility after cleaning/conditioning. We offer this service on an "as needed" basis, or as part of a standard resin service contract.

Features and Benefits Extends resin life Maintain system performance Cost competitive versus new resin purchase Scheduled services available - reduces system downtime due to unexpected issues Company-owned and operated transportation fleet Services available from 85 local branches in North America - we reach 85% of the US population in less than 2 hours Ion Exchange Resins

Siemens Water Technologies is one of the largest distributors of ion exchange resin in the world and carries a wide selection of resins from USF™, Dowex® and Sybron/lonac™ branded resins. We have our own resin regeneration facility and a staff of resin experts that can help you with any questions or product recommendations.

SIEMENS

Pasp 6 nf17 UV-C LEDs Overview

UV-C LEDs are engineered for long life and stable optical output power using a proprietary hiigfi quality bulk Aluminum Nitride (AIN) substrate teclinology. Designed for operation in the UV-C spectrum between 250 - 280 nm, they are packaged in industry standard TO-39 and thermally efficient 3.5mm x 3.5mm ceramic packages. Applications

• Germicidal Disinfection • Protein Analysis, DNA Sequencing, Drug Discovery • Water Purification • Forensic Analysis • Surface Sterilization • Optical Sensing • Air Purification • Ozone Monitoring • Analytical Instrumentation, Emitters

UV-C LEDs with peak emission wavelength from 250nm to 280nm are used in a broad range of applications. UV-C LEDs are optimally designed for the growing global market for germicidal disinfection applications. For over 40 years, UV light between 200 and 280 nm has been used for disinfection of water, and sterilizing air and surfaces. When microorganisms are exposed to wavelengths between 200nm and 280 nm, the UV-C energy destroys the DNA within the bacteria. Germicidal disinfection peaks at between 260nm and 265nm. The LEDs are designed to be most effective at this peak of the disinfection curve.

UVC LED Features

UVC LEDs may be fabricated using proprietary bulk aluminum nitride substrates with a internal epitaxial growth process, unique quantum well design, and p-contact structure. The industry leading lifetime performance is achieved with these LEDs as the direct result of growing low defect active layers of the LED using a single crystalline aluminum nitride substrate. This bulk substrate material with industry leading ultra-low dislocation density enables UV-C LEDs to be fabricated with very high quality epitaxial structures that achieve highly stable optical performance. High quality single crystal material is essential to achieve very high reliability and long lifetime performance at deep UV wavelengths. Compared to mercury lamps, the LEDs instantly reach 100% Intensity when turned on, the lifetime is not dependent on the number of on-off cycles, and they are mercury-free.

1) Long Lifetime 2) Stable Optical Output Power 3) Low Voltage Operation 4) Instant On 5) Mechanically Rugged 6) Flexible Reactor Chamber Design Traditionally, chemical treatment with chlorine has been used to disinfect drinking water. This, however, leads to the formation of by-products. UVC disinfection is a physical process that introduces no compounds, and leaves no residual substances, and has the added benefit of deactivating chlorine- resistant microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia. UVC is, thus, capable of safeguarding our water supplies to an extent that other approaches cannot. The increased use of UV over chemical disinfection is recognized in several legislative directives around the world. Among these is the; European Drinking Water Directive.

The advantages of using UVC, rather than chlorine disinfection, include: • UV cannot be overdosed • No disinfection by-products or toxins • No volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions or toxic air emissions • Does not require storage of hazardous material • Requires minimal space for equipment and contact chamber • Does not affect the smell or taste or the minerals in the water

Paee 8 of 17 UVC refers to ultraviolet light with wavelengths between 200 - 280 nanometers (nm).

Gamma-Ra' /s Radiowa\j(^ Microwaves

X-Rays Infra Red Irradiation Energy oV 10"' lO' 10 10 10 10 10 10* [10' 10° 10 1 •f h H '•{ y 1 j— 1 io° ia> o- icy i(>" lop ^ _io' - ^ 'Scr lO" 10- 10° Wave length nm

UV ight

Wave 200 300 length nm

Figure 1- Electromagnetic Spectrum

UVC In Disinfection

UVC radiation, in the range of 255-275 nm, renders harmful microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses ineffective, by destroying the genetic information in the DNA. The micro-organisms lose their reproductive capability and are destroyed. The germicidal nature of UV is well suited to treat parasites which are extremely resistant to chemical disinfectants, such as Cryptosporidium or Giardia.

Before After UNrav4ol*l

Vaeuum- UVC UV UV-A UV a

i... :] 1 • la 1 1 1 I M 200 2«0 315 \ 400

HfHoi*' pra««ur« Spactral curva at lamp 2S4nm eaO inactivation

Figure 2 - UVC Radiation disrupts DNA

Pasp 9 of 17 6 (juip (3,lear Water We make it ure! Advantages of Gulp Clear Water Equipment Technology

UVC LED Lighting developed based on requirements set by Keith Ervin of Gulp Clear Water for initial specifications to the select UVC LED Lighting Suppliers:

New UVC LED Technology: 1. 100% Greater Optical Output Than Current Devices 2. Extremely Low Power Consumption (99% less) for Sufficient Joule/Log Reduction of Harmful Microorganisms 3. Extremely Low Thermal Exchange-No Scheduled Lens Cleaning Requirements 4. Extremely Low Thermal Requirements for System Operation (can operate in extreme conditions) 5. Optimal Wavelength for Germicidal Disinfection (275nm) 6. No Start Up or Cool Down Times 7. Extremely Long Product Life (15,000 hrs. each diode-exponential life each year)-our first complete system will still last 4 years even before the required upgrade. 8. Contain No Lead or Mercury 9. Completely Recyclable 10.Can be Upgraded to Interface With New Technologies

Old Tech: CFL and Cathode Tube 1. High Power Consumption for Sufficient Joule/Log Reduction of Harmful Microorganisms 2. High Thermal Exchange-Scheduled Lens Cleaning Requirements 3. High Thermal Requirements for System Operation (current systems cannot operate in extreme conditions) 4. Inefficient Wavelength (253nm-256nm) 5. Significant Start Up and Cool Down Times 6. Limited Product Life (8000-10,000 hrs. max) 7. Contain Lead and Mercury 8. Not Recyclable 9. Cannot Be Upgraded to Interface With New Technologies »- A Page 7 of 17 (julp (^lear Water We make it pure!

Ion-Exchange Resins:

Gulp Water has performed extensive research into the best way to service our clients in the realm of complete and reliable management of the essential Ion Exchange Resins. We have come to the conclusion that to provide the best overall service in the management, recycling, and replacement of the Ion Resins, we have entered into an agreement with our Ion Exchange Resin product supplier, and our service provider for all removal and regeneration. Gulp Water will manage the activities in their performance of their contracted duties for each individual Client/Project as a part of our overall remote and on-site monitoring capabilities.

Gulp offers Ion Exchange Resins from most companies, including DOW Chemical. Professional Labs review the water sample analysis and recommend the best resins to use based on the input water samples. They will deliver the appropriate product on site, and will service the resins thru the performance, and when replacement is needed, they will properly replace the resins, and regenerate the resins for re-use upon the return to the re-generation facility.

Servicing the resins consists of vacuum removal and resin replacement when the initial resins need to be regenerated. Resins are cleaned and reactivated with certain solutions based on the particular resin. They are reused until the ion exchange resins are split (damaged) beyond effective usefulness. The amount of service visits required will depend primarily on volume of water and quality of the input water.

Locations: Within a two hour drive anywhere in the United States. An international company offering Gulp Water sales and service support all over the world.

Cjulp Water M'ssiori* To design, develop, implement, and maintain the highest quality water restoration and purification processes and equipment we can, for a global application. We plan to scale multiple systems to accommodate an ever expanding product line to meet the requirements of a wide market area. Small requirements to very large requirements, we will ever strive to provide the very best product and service our capabilities will permit.

Water is essential, and it is essential that we fervently pursue the development of progressively improving water purification solutions for humanity.

We will make as much pure water as we can.

Page 8 of 17