DOCSLIB.ORG

Aluminum Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: Fouling Reduction and Improvements in Filtered Water Quality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 163 Aluminum Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: Fouling Reduction and Improvements in Filtered Water Quality U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado September 2014 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) September 2014 Final October 2010 – September 2014 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Aluminum Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation Pretreatment for 5b. GRANT NUMBER Microfiltration: Fouling Reduction and Improvements in Filtered Water Quality 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Shankar Chellam, Principal Investigator Neranga 5e. TASK NUMBER P. Gamage, Graduate Research Assistant Charan Tej Tanneru, Graduate Research Assistant 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER Mutiara Ayu Sari, Graduate Research Assistant 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER University of Houston Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 4800 Calhoun Road Houston,, TX 77204-4003 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) Bureau of Reclamation 6th Avenue and Kipling Street Reclamation Building 67, Room 152 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) Denver, CO 80225 Tel: (303) 445-2248 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Report can be downloaded from Reclamation Web site: https://www.usbr.gov/research/dwpr/DWPR_Reports.html 14. ABSTRACT Aluminum electrocoagulation and electroflotation pretreatment of surface water from Lake Houston significantly alleviated microfiltration (MF) membrane fouling in bench-scale experiments. Electrochemical aluminum production quantitatively obeyed Faraday’s law with a 3-electron transfer at nearly 100% efficiency resulting in precipitation of predominantly amorphous Al(OH)3. Enmeshment of colloids in amorphous precipitates (sweep flocculation) was the predominant colloid destabilization mechanism with secondary contributions from adsorption and charge neutralization. Fouling of a commercially available polymeric microfilter following electrocoagulation pretreatment was found to (i) be lower at pH 6.4 compared with 7.5, (ii) decrease only up to an intermediate aluminum dosage, and (iii) exacerbate with increasing transmembrane pressure. Cathodic evolution of hydrogen bubbles over relatively long durations was empirically observed to induce floc flotation. Electroflotation was also employed for MF pretreatment by skimming off the surficial floc layer and drawing water from near the bottom of the electroflotation cell. This approach significantly increased MF permeate flux reducing both the cake mass and the cumulative hydraulic resistance. Nanofilter flux decline was best controlled by combined pretreatment using electroflotation – MF. Also, viruses were effectively removed by electrochemical treatment with insignificant inactivation. Sweep flocculation was the primary virus destabilization mechanism. Highly encouraging laboratory-scale results point to the need for larger-scale evaluations of a hybrid electrofiltration/electrocoagulation-MF process for drinking water treatment. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Electrocoagulation, Electroflotation, Pretreatment, Microfiltration, Fouling, Virus removal, Surface water treatment 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES Saied Delagah a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT a. THIS PAGE 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) U U U SAR 303-445-2248 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 163 Aluminum Electrocoagulation and Electroflotation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: Fouling Reduction and Improvements in Filtered Water Quality Prepared for the Bureau of Reclamation Under Agreement No. R10AP81218 by Shankar Chellam, Principal Investigator Neranga P. Gamage, Graduate Research Assistant Charan Tej Tanneru, Graduate Research Assistant Mutiara Ayu Sari, Graduate Research Assistant Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Houston Houston, TX 77204-4003 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado September 2014 MISSION STATEMENTS The U.S. Department of the Interior protects America’s natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Disclaimer The views, analysis, recommendations, and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not represent official or unofficial policies or opinions of the United States Government, and the United States takes no position with regard to any findings, conclusions, or recommendations made. As such, mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. Acknowledgments The research reported herein was made possible by grants from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program (Cooperative Agreement No. R10AP81218), the National Science Foundation (CBET-0966939), and the Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the sponsors nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors wish to express their appreciation for the advice and assistance of Mr. Saied Delagah, Dr. Katharine Dahm, Mr. Frank Leitz, and Ms. Yuliana Porras-Mendoza from the Bureau of Reclamation. We are grateful to Dr. Ying Wei and her staff at the City of Houston’s East Water Purification Plant for facilitating sampling and water quality analyses. Will Payne assisted with the conduct of nanofiltration experiments. Peter Eriksson of GE Power & Water generously donated nanofiltration membrane samples. CONTENTS Page Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 1 Background and Introduction ................................................................................. 2 Conclusions and Implications ................................................................................. 7 Objectives and Approach ...................................................................................... 13 Experiments .......................................................................................................... 16 Source Water ................................................................................................... 16 Electrocoagulation .......................................................................................... 18 Microfiltration ................................................................................................. 19 Backwashing ................................................................................................... 20 Nanofiltration .................................................................................................. 21 Floc Physical Characteristics .......................................................................... 21 Microscopy ..................................................................................................... 23 Surface Charge ................................................................................................ 23 Powder X-Ray Diffractometry ........................................................................ 24 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ................................................................ 24 ATR-FTIR....................................................................................................... 24 Aluminum Measurement ................................................................................ 25 Iron measurement............................................................................................ 25 Nanofilter Contact Angle ................................................................................ 25 Staining for Acidic Polysaccharides ............................................................... 26 Virus Growth and Enumeration ...................................................................... 26 Results and Discussion ........................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: an Innovative Combination to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems

    Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: an Innovative Combination to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems

    Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Report No. 139 Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: An Innovative Combination to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems University of Houston U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado September 2007 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 2. REPORT TYPE 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) Final September 2007 October 2005 – September 2007 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Electrocoagulation Pretreatment for Microfiltration: An Innovative Combination Agreement No. 05-FC-81-1172 to Enhance Water Quality and Reduce Fouling in Integrated Membrane Systems 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Shankar Chellam, Principal Investigator Dennis A.
  • Microfiltration of Cutting-Oil Emulsions Enhanced by Electrocoagulation

    Microfiltration of Cutting-Oil Emulsions Enhanced by Electrocoagulation

    This article was downloaded by: [Faculty of Chemical Eng & Tech], [Krešimir Košutić] On: 30 April 2015, At: 03:13 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Desalination and Water Treatment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tdwt20 Microfiltration of cutting-oil emulsions enhanced by electrocoagulation b a a b Janja Križan Milić , Emil Dražević , Krešimir Košutić & Marjana Simonič a Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Tel. +385 1 459 7240 b Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Water Treatment, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia Published online: 30 Apr 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: Janja Križan Milić, Emil Dražević, Krešimir Košutić & Marjana Simonič (2015): Microfiltration of cutting-oil emulsions enhanced by electrocoagulation, Desalination and Water Treatment, DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1042067 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1042067 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis.
  • Fractionation of Proteins with Two-Sided Electro-Ultrafiltration

    Fractionation of Proteins with Two-Sided Electro-Ultrafiltration

    Journal of Biotechnology 128 (2007) 895–907 Fractionation of proteins with two-sided electro-ultrafiltration Tobias Kappler¨ ∗, Clemens Posten University of Karlsruhe, Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Division Bioprocess Engineering, Kaiserstr. 12, Geb. 30.70, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Received 7 June 2006; received in revised form 22 December 2006; accepted 2 January 2007 Abstract Downstream processing is a major challenge in bioprocess industry due to the high complexity of bio-suspensions itself, the low concentration of the product and the stress sensitivity of the valuable target molecules. A multitude of unit operations have to be joined together to achieve an acceptable purity and concentration of the product. Since each of the unit operations leads to a certain product loss, one important aim in downstream-research is the combination of different separation principles into one unit operation. In the current work a dead-end membrane process is combined with an electrophoresis operation. In the past this concept has proven successfully for the concentration of biopolymers. The present work shows that using different ultrafiltration membranes in a two-sided electro-filter apparatus with flushed electrodes brought significant enhancement of the protein fractionation process. Due to electrophoretic effects, the filtration velocity could be kept on a very high level for a long time, furthermore, the selectivity of a binary separation process carried out exemplarily for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LZ) could be greatly increased; in the current case up to a value of more than 800. Thus the new two-sided electro-ultrafiltration technique achieves both high product purity and short separation times.
  • Monitoring Microfiltration Processes for Water Treatment Quantifying Nanoparticle Concentration and Size to Optimize Filtration Processes

    Monitoring Microfiltration Processes for Water Treatment Quantifying Nanoparticle Concentration and Size to Optimize Filtration Processes

    APPLICATION NOTE Monitoring Microfiltration Processes for Water Treatment Quantifying Nanoparticle Concentration and Size to Optimize Filtration Processes PARTICLE Introduction CONCENTRATION With the increasing demands on water supplies and tighter regulations, much PARTICLE SIZE research is being done in to water treatment processes. Subjects of study include improving processes to allow treated water to be used in secondary applications, optimizing filtration processes to remove biological contaminants and reduce membrane fouling, monitoring filter breakthrough to minimize maintenance requirements or contamination, and verifying ability to remove the increasing load of nano-particulates in the waste water stream. Due to the massive quantities processed, even small improvements in process performance and efficiency have a large impact on resulting water quality and energy consumption. Numerous technologies exist for monitoring particle size and concentration in the micron size range, but Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is a unique technology that provides greater insight into the sub-micron size range that is so important to many of these advanced water treatment processes. Detecting and Counting Particles Both Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and NTA measure the Brownian motion of nanoparticles whose speed of motion, or diffusion coefficient (Dt), is related to particle size through the Stokes-Einstein equation. In NTA, laser light scatters from particles in suspension and a video camera captures the images of those particles moving under Brownian motion. By tracking and quantifying the particles’ diffusion, the particle diameter can be determined through the Stokes-Einstein equation. The direct view of the Malvern Instruments Worldwide Sales and service centres in over 65 countries www.malvern.com/contact ©2016 Malvern Instruments Limited APPLICATION NOTE sample also allows visual inspection of the sample for an additional qualitative confirmation.
  • Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Microfiltration

    Mitigation of Membrane Fouling in Microfiltration

    MITIGATION OF MEMBRANE FOULING IN MICROFILTRATION & ULTRAFILTRATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE EFFLUENT FOR WATER REUSE A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Sy Thuy Nguyen Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical), RMIT University, Melbourne School of Civil, Environmental & Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia December 2012 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that: the work presented in this thesis is my own work except where due acknowledgement has been made; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program Signed by Sy T. Nguyen ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank Prof. Felicity Roddick, my senior supervisor, for giving me the opportunity to do a PhD in water science and technology and her scientific input in every stage of this work. I am also grateful to Dr John Harris and Dr Linhua Fan, my co-supervisors, for their ponderable advice and positive criticisms. The Australian Research Council (ARC) and RMIT University are acknowledged for providing the funding and research facilities to make this project and thesis possible. I also wish to thank the staff of the School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, the Department of Applied Physics and the Department of Applied Chemistry, RMIT University, for the valuable academic, administrative and technical assistance. Lastly, my parents are thanked for the encouragement and support I most needed during the time this research was carried out.
  • Modeling of Filtration Processes—Microfiltration and Depth Filtration for Harvest of a Therapeutic Protein Expressed in Pichia Pastoris at Constant Pressure

    Modeling of Filtration Processes—Microfiltration and Depth Filtration for Harvest of a Therapeutic Protein Expressed in Pichia Pastoris at Constant Pressure

    Bioengineering 2014, 1, 260-277; doi:10.3390/bioengineering1040260 OPEN ACCESS bioengineering ISSN 2306-5354 www.mdpi.com/journal/bioengineering Article Modeling of Filtration Processes—Microfiltration and Depth Filtration for Harvest of a Therapeutic Protein Expressed in Pichia pastoris at Constant Pressure Muthukumar Sampath, Anupam Shukla and Anurag S. Rathore * Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-96-5077-0650. External Editor: Christoph Herwig Received: 20 October 2014; in revised form: 28 November 2014 / Accepted: 3 December 2014 / Published: 8 December 2014 Abstract: Filtration steps are ubiquitous in biotech processes due to the simplicity of operation, ease of scalability and the myriad of operations that they can be used for. Microfiltration, depth filtration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration are some of the most commonly used biotech unit operations. For clean feed streams, when fouling is minimal, scaling of these unit operations is performed linearly based on the filter area per unit volume of feed stream. However, for cases when considerable fouling occurs, such as the case of harvesting a therapeutic product expressed in Pichia pastoris, linear scaling may not be possible and current industrial practices involve use of 20–30% excess filter area over and above the calculated filter area to account for the uncertainty in scaling. In view of the fact that filters used for harvest are likely to have a very limited lifetime, this oversizing of the filters can add considerable cost of goods for the manufacturer. Modeling offers a way out of this conundrum.
  • Microfiltration Membranes for the Laboratory

    Microfiltration Membranes for the Laboratory

    Millipore offers a complete selection of filter holders to match any application. • Glass, stainless steel or plastic formats • Compatible with most chemicals ProductData Sheet Selection Guide • Diameters from 13 mm to 293 mm to suit a wide range of volumes Microfiltration Membranes for the • Visit www.millipore.com for more information on filter Laboratory holders and accessories www.millipore.com/offices Millipore, Durapore, Multiscreen, Ultrafree, Millex, Steriflip, Stericup are registered trademarks of Millipore Corporation The M mark, Advancing Life Sciences Together, Fluoropore, Mitex, Omnip- FSC Logo Here ore, Isopore, Express, Solvinert are trademarks of Millipore Corporation Lit. No. DS2194EN00 Rev. - 05/09 BS-GEN-09-01826 Printed in U.S.A. © 2009 Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821 U.S.A. All rights reserved. Millipore’s expert team of scientists understands the complexity of collection, separation and purification processes and supports your most difficult challenges in life science, environmental and industrial research. Choosing the proper membrane device Membrane Selection for Mobile Phase Preparation: Chemical Compatibility for your laboratory process is an SoLventS Diluent Buffers important first step in any successful MoBiLe PhaSe Sample Modifiers analysis. To help you identify the filtra- 10 mM 50 mM Membrane 2% Fomic 0.1% Phosphate 50 mM ammonium tion device best suited to your specific Material Meoh Water aCn iPa DMSo DMF acid tea Buffer ammonia 0.1% tFa acetate application we created a this handy PtFe Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q membrane selection guide that will help PvDF Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q you choose the Millipore® membrane PeS that will provide you with the highest Q Q Q Q Q N N Q Q Q Q N quality, consistent results from down- nYLon N Q Q N Q Q Q Q Q N Q Q stream analyses.
  • Removal of Waterborne Particles by Electrofiltration: Pilot-Scale Testing

    Removal of Waterborne Particles by Electrofiltration: Pilot-Scale Testing

    ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE Volume 26, Number 12, 2009 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089=ees.2009.0238 Removal of Waterborne Particles by Electrofiltration: Pilot-Scale Testing Ying Li,1 Ray Ehrhard,1 Pratim Biswas,1,* Pramod Kulkarni,2 Keith Carns,3 Craig Patterson,4 Radha Krishnan,5 and Rajib Sinha5 1Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri. 2Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. 3Global Energy Partners, LLC, Oakhurst, California. 4Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 5Shaw Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. Received: July 6, 2009 Accepted in revised form: October 20, 2009 Abstract Theoretical analysis using a trajectory approach indicated that in the presence of an external electric field, charged waterborne particles are subject to an additional migration velocity that increases their deposition on the surface of collectors (e.g., sand filter). Although researchers conducted bench-scale experiments to verify the effectiveness of electrofiltration, few studies have reported on the applications of electrofiltration in larger scale facilities. In this study, a prototype pilot-scale electrofiltration unit, consisting of an acrylic tank (0.3Â0.3Â1.2 m) with vertically placed stainless steel mesh electrodes embedded in a sand filter was tested at a local drinking water plant. Presedimentation basin water was used as the influent with a turbidity ranging from 12 to 37 NTU. At an approach velocity of 0.84 mm=s, an electrode voltage at 8 and 12 V increased the particle removal coefficient pC* [defined as Àlog(Cout=Cin)] to 1.79 and 1.86, respectively, compared to 1.48 when there was no electric field.
  • Overview of the Technology 2 2 2. Electrocoagulation

    Overview of the Technology 2 2 2. Electrocoagulation

    1. ELECTROCOAGULATION – OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNOLOGY 2 1.1 Coagulation 2 1.2 Electrocoagulation - the process 2 2. ELECTROCOAGULATION (EC) – ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM 3 2.1 Applications 4 2.2 Benefits of the technology 5 3. EXAMPLES OF PERCENTAGE REMOVAL RATES ACHIEVED IN VARIOUS ELECTROCOAGULATION TRIALS 5 3.1Treatment of abattoir processing line wastewater and stick water (wastewater from a low temperature rendering plant) 5 3.2 Copper products manufacturer 6 3.3 Nickel smelter 6 3.4 Concentrated wastewater from tannery 7 3.5 Concentrations of ions in a wastewater before and after electrocoagulation 7 4 OPERATING PROCEDURES AND COST 7 5 CONCLUSIONS 8 6 CONTACTS 8 1 Electrocoagulation – overview of the technology 1.1Coagulation Coagulation is one of the important methods used in water treatment. It is a process used to cause the destabilization and subsequent aggregation of smaller particles into larger complexes. Water contaminants such as ions (heavy metals) and colloids (organic and inorganic) are primarily held in solution by electrical charges. In 1882 Schulze showed that colloidal systems could be destabilised by the addition of ions of the charge opposite to that of the colloid (Benefield et al, 1982), The destabilized colloids can then aggregate and subsequently be separated from the wastewater. Coagulation can be achieved by both the chemical or electrical means. Chemical coagulation has been used for decades to destabilize suspensions and to effect precipitation of soluble species and other pollutants from aqueous streams. Alum, lime and polymers are some of the chemical coagulants used. These processes, however, tend to generate large volumes of sludge with high bound water content which can be difficult to separate and dewater.
  • Electrocoagulation Followed by Ion Exchange Or Membrane Separation Techniques for Recycle of Textile Wastewater

    Electrocoagulation Followed by Ion Exchange Or Membrane Separation Techniques for Recycle of Textile Wastewater

    Open Access Advance Research in Textile Engineering Review Article Electrocoagulation Followed by Ion Exchange or Membrane Separation Techniques for Recycle of Textile Wastewater Arega Y and Chavan RB* Ethiopian Institute of Textile Garment and Fashion Abstract Technology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia Traditionally, physical, biological, chemical coagulation, adsorption and *Corresponding author: Chavan RB, Ethiopian advanced oxidation processes are used for the treatment of textile wastewater Institute of Textile Garment and Fashion Technology, and dye removal. Many of these processes are not cost effective and are Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia responsible for secondary pollution. Electrocoagulation (EC) has recently attracted the attention as a potential technique for treating textile and other Received: January 22, 2018; Accepted: February 28, industrial effluents due to its versatility, cost effectiveness and environmental 2018; Published: March 08, 2018 compatibility. In this paper an attempt has been made to discuss history, basic principle, mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages, effect of various parameters on the process efficiency and applications of electrocoagulation. The aim of this paper is not to review the electrocoagulation process as several comprehensive reviews have been published covering different aspects of EC applications. Most of the information available in the literature is based on the use of batch flow reactor using Electrocoagulation (EC) process alone to treat the textile wastewater to a level that meets the discharge standards. The focus of the present paper is to throw light on the combined electrocoagulation–ion exchange and combined electrocoagulation-membrane separation processes for the recycling of textile wastewater. Though the combined processes discussed in the present paper are at the conceptual stage, they have the potentials for scaling up to a commercial level.
  • Electrocoagulation Treatment for Removal of Color and Chemical Oxygen Demand in Landfill Leachate Using Aluminum Electrode

    Electrocoagulation Treatment for Removal of Color and Chemical Oxygen Demand in Landfill Leachate Using Aluminum Electrode

    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019 Electrocoagulation Treatment for Removal of Color and Chemical Oxygen Demand in Landfill Leachate using Aluminum Electrode Bharath M, Krishna B M, Shiva Kumar B P Abstract: The present research work mainly deals with the classification and characterization of landfill leachate removal percentage of Color and Chemical Oxygen Demand based on age are depicted in Table 1. Based on the literature (COD) on landfill leachate by using electrocoagulation (EC) survey, some of the treatment methods such as process. An EC process was carried out with an aluminium electrode and it act as both anode and cathode. The study mainly coagulation-flocculation [1], membrane processes [2-3] targets the factors affecting on electrode material, electrolysis activated carbon adsorption [4]. combined time, initial pH, applied voltage, inter-electrode distance. The physicochemical-nanofiltration [5]. biological treatment [6]. experimental result reveals that there was raise in BOD/COD have been reported in the literature. Electrocoagulation (EC) ratio from 0.11 to 0.66 and the maximum percentage removal process treating various types of wastewater, for example achieved were COD and Color 78.4% and 77.0% respectively. electroplating wastewater [7], Distillery wastewater [8] [9], The optimum inter-electrode distance 1cm with electrode surface area 35 cm2 and optimum electrolysis time of 90 min at optimum Dairy wastewater [10]. The main importance of research applied voltage 10V, stirring speed 250 rpm and pH is 9.3. These work is to optimize the parameters like initial pH, results showed that the EC process is appropriate and electrolysis time, current density, inter-electrode distance on well-organized approach for the landfill leachate treatment.
  • REFERENCE GUIDE to Treatment Technologies for Mining-Influenced Water

    REFERENCE GUIDE to Treatment Technologies for Mining-Influenced Water

    REFERENCE GUIDE to Treatment Technologies for Mining-Influenced Water March 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation EPA 542-R-14-001 Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 5 Notice and Disclaimer..................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 9 Passive Technologies Technology: Anoxic Limestone Drains ........................................................................................ 11 Technology: Successive Alkalinity Producing Systems (SAPS).................................................. 16 Technology: Aluminator© ............................................................................................................ 19 Technology: Constructed Wetlands .............................................................................................. 23 Technology: Biochemical Reactors .............................................................................................