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非正常隔离听觉指南：孤独尽头等着你的18张ambient Music

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非正常隔离听觉指南：孤独尽头等着你的18张ambient Music 深度 被疫情改变的生活 非正常隔离听觉指南：孤独尽头等着你的18张 Ambient Music 疫症日子人与人愈加疏离，是什么弥漫在空气中，也像一道光的色调⋯⋯ 特约撰稿人 袁智聪 发自香港 2020-08-01 2020年4月10日，香港，一架货车停泊在停车场，内有音乐教师在货车内弹钢琴。摄：Billy H.C. Kwok/Getty Images 若让我选择一门音乐流派作为2020年的soundtrack，我会选择，ambient music。世纪疫症 肆虐多月，时至今日依然严峻，疫情中世界几乎停摆，人们保持社交疏离，许多活动戛然而 止，城市喧闹不再，生活规律出现了新规序，说好了多时的慢活人生，也在不经不觉间实现。 与此同时，香港又面对国安恶法的白色恐怖，人们每天活在愤怒与抑压当中；而整个世界也是 一片混乱……身处乱世，ambient music 或许会让我们寻找到片刻平静与逃避，当疏离中多了 宁静，生活也多了沉思的空间。 Ambient music 是一门简约留白的音乐哲学，绝大部分作品都没有特定信息，带出的只是一 个场景、一度氛围，给听者营造出缓慢而深邃的 soundscape／聆听空间。Ambient Music 在 过去，从来都谈不上有多大社会性的功用，而后来，ambient 薰陶的音乐被包装与润饰成商业 化的 new age music 派别之一，引申出在人们面对社会不景气、政治乱局之不安的情绪下， 缔造通往内心世界、寻求解脱与避世的所谓 mind music 意义，这也许能够诠释 ambient 音 乐抽离时代现状的功能。 相对于comfort food的定义，每个人也有自己钟情的 comfort music，那么 ambient music 就一定是我其中一门所矢志不渝地钟情的 comfort music。毕竟我从青少年时代开始，已是有 避世倾向的人。 不明确的时光里，soundscape Music for Quiet Moments，正好道出了 ambient music 的真谛。 今年3 月，英国 ambient 音乐教父 Brian Eno 与胞弟 Roger Eno 联袂合作的《Mixing Colours》专辑，在古典音乐名厂 Deutsche Grammophon 旗下面世，这是 Eno 兄弟在多年 来首次以二人联袂名义出版唱片，自然叫人引颈以待。更重要的，是这张憩静幽美、多愁善感 的 ambient 键琴音乐专辑，在年初疫情正盛时听来，简直有一种心灵治疗的作用，宛如尝到 一口甘露，再配合音乐人兼软件设计师 Peter Chilvers 主理的一系列犹如在火车上看到的缓缓 流动风景音乐录象，也看得心境平静。毋庸置疑，这是一张叫我听得动容万分的2020年 ambient 专辑，同时也勾起我对 ambient music 的深厚情意结。 Roger & Brian Eno – Celeste Roger & Brian Eno – Blonde 差不多在《Mixing Colours》面世的时候，英国也开始进入全国封城状态，履行居家抗疫措 施。曾跟 Brian Eno 在早年以 Fripp & Eno 名义合作过《(No Pussyfooting)》和《Evening Star》等经典 ambient 专辑的英国前卫摇滚先锋乐团 King Crimson 灵魂人物/结他手 Robert Fripp，他与妻子 Toyah 留在大屋实施自我隔离之余，也启动了一个ambient 音乐计划——自 5月初开始，每逢周五，他于线上发布其《Music for Quiet Moments》系列的 ambient 器乐 soundscape 作品，每周发表一首乐曲，为期50个星期。所释出的都是 Robert Fripp 多年来 于其音乐生涯上之宁静时刻所私密地灌录出来的遗珠 ambient 曲目，以在这段不明确的时光 以宁静的 soundscape 为大家带来一些滋养，以共度时艰。 Robert Fripp - Music For Quiet Moments 1 - Pastorale (Mendoza 3rd Jun 2007) Robert Fripp - Music for Quiet Moments 2 - GentleScape (Barcelona 24 Jul 20… ambient music 是实验一条无限的河 Music for Quiet Moments，正好道出了 ambient music 的真谛。 什么是 ambient music？华文媒体都唤作“环境音乐”或“氛围音乐”，简而⾔之，是一种静谧、 缓慢、默然、疏离、深邃而得以将听者包围著的音乐。其旋律简约而单调，听似无定形的，就 像弥漫在空气当中；也像一道光的色调，听来并不著意、也不打扰地，为听者建立出一处默想 空间。那是源自法国作曲家 Erik Satie 的“家私音乐”（furniture music）、美国 avant- garde 音乐先驱 John Cage 的静默理念。 而 ambient music 的衍生，也跟当代电子音乐革命息息相关：早年的 tape loop / tape delay 与 electro-acoustic 实验，从 analogue 到 digital 的电子合成器（synthesizer）应用， sound treatment 处理，sound art 抽象声响。Ambient music 的 soundscape 氛围美学都 是经过电子器材制造而成。 Ambient music 运动在1970年代正式兴起，那源自一场意外。1975年1月，Brian Eno 发生 了车祸，离开录音室时在马路上遭的士撞倒受伤骨折，住院留医治疗后，便回家卧床休养。一 天，前来探访的友人 Judy Nylon 带来一张18世纪竖琴音乐唱片给他解闷，在她离开后，Eno 就把唱片放在唱盘上播放然后继续躺卧，但他却发觉立体声音响只有一边扬声器发声，而且扩 音机音量被调得很低。可是 Eno 由于不便下床去作调校，加上当时正在下雨，窗外的雨声比 音乐还要听得清楚，他唯有这样随意听下去，从而令到 Eno 发掘到一种崭新的静态音乐聆听 方式，聆听氛围化音乐的体验，从而创作出在同年12月面世的《Discreet Music》——Eno 首 张以个人名义发表的 ambient 专辑。继而他又展开“Ambient系列”专辑，在1978年出版了首 辑作品《Ambient 1: Music for Airports》，ambient music 这个音乐流派之名，也从此不胫 而走。 来自艺术学院的 Brian Eno，玩音乐却强调自己为“非音乐家”（non-musician）；Ambient music 不是由他一手始创，却由这位英国前卫音乐家发扬光大。Brian Eno 亦说过，那时已有 其他音乐家一直在创作类似的音乐，而他只是给这门音乐起了一个名字，通过命名来创造出一 种别树一帜的东西，让它真实起来。Eno 表示他创作 ambient music 的实验性初衷，是要创 造出无穷尽的音乐，没有时间的规限，就像坐在河流旁边般，聆听著的是同一河流，却又产生 不断的变化。 近月不独只有西方音乐家带来他们的 ambient 音乐计划，日本音乐家坂本龙一也在5月开始， 在 YouTube 释出他的《incomplete》系列作品。《incomplete》系列，是坂本教授在这段 “非正常”的自我隔离时期，把他体会到的感觉纪录下来，并邀请了一众来自五湖四海的音乐家 朋友跟他连系，分别来个联袂合作。除了有合作多时的 Alva Noto（德国）、Christian Fennesz（奥地利）等实验电音制作人，还有日本尺八演奏家工藤炼山（Lenzan Kudo）、日 本 实 验 音 乐 家 大 友 良 英 （ Otomo Yoshihide ） 、 纽 约 市 敲 击 手 Ross Karre 、 波 特 兰 multidisciplinary 音乐家 Marcus Fischer、扎根英国的阿拉伯音乐家 Khyam Allami、中国 现代古琴演奏家巫娜（Wu Na）、台湾的林强、香港的龚志成等，都是以“duo 形式”跟坂本教 授合作这个音乐计划，duo 形式即二人合作形式，坂本 + guest。压轴好戏，则是殿堂级的美 国音乐家 Laurie Anderson 和 Arto Lindsay 跟坂本之合作；其所带来的深邃、禅味、孤寂、 疏离的音乐氛围，配以全盘由日本导演 Zakkubalan 拍摄的暗黑冷洌影像。 要创造出无穷尽的音乐，没有时间的规限，就像坐在河流旁边般，聆听著的 是同一河流，却又产生不断的变化。 incomplete - Jiko (時光) 来听 谈过这三位大师级名字在2020年发表的 ambient 作品，写得欲罢不能，所以我再分享15张我 心目中的经典 ambient 专辑，作为给大家静谧时刻的音乐推介。 01 Fripp & Eno《(No Pussyfooting)》（1973） 脱离 Roxy Music 后 Brian Eno 伙拍 King Crimson 主脑 Robert Fripp 的合作。两首不著边 际的长篇曲目，Fripp 的缓缓翱翔结他独演通过 Eno 的 tape delay 系统交叠出层层氛围，抑 或 VCS 3 合成器的连绵循环电声，实验出其 ambient music 之雏形。 The Heavenly Music Corporation I 02 Brian Eno 《Discreet Music》（1975） 一次意外而令到 Eno 发掘出一种崭新的静态音乐聆听方式，从而启迪他创造出这张奠定性的 个人 ambient 专辑。主题曲通过合成器的 digital recall system 再加上 tape delay 系统，把 简约如飘浮空气中的旋律，延伸成淡然憩静、川流不息、无休止反反复复的30分钟 ambient 乐章（30分钟是当时黑胶唱片长度的极限），没有开始也没有结束。 Discreet Music (Remastered 2004) 03 Cluster 《Sowiesoso》 (1976) 德国 krautrock 电音二人乐团 Cluster 在 Brian Eno 的感染下，从他们以往带有棱角的噪音肌 理，投向温婉、豁然、明媚而富有田园气息的 krautrock 派 ambient 电音姿态。翌年再发表 跟 Brian Eno 合作的同名专辑《Cluster & Eno》。 Cluster - Sowiesoso 04 Jon Hassell 《Vernal Equinox》 (1977) 美国前卫小号演奏家 Jon Hassell 的首张专辑，师承印度、非洲、南美等民族音乐的薰陶，在 其迷魂小号主奏下开创出梦幻、神秘、冥想而具有民族音乐底蕴的 ambient 新音乐风格。 Brian Eno 对这专辑为之惊为天人，然后促成他与 Jon Hassell 合作的《Fourth World Vol. 1: Possible Musics》专辑(1980年)，正式树立“结合世界民族风格与前进电子科技术的一元化原 始/未来声音”的《第四世界音乐》系列作品。 Toucan Ocean 05 Brian Eno 《Ambient 1: Music for Airports》 (1978) Brian Eno的“ambient系列”之序幕专辑。一如专辑的名题，这是Eno为机场客运大楼所设计 的声音装置环境音乐（跟那时机场所播放的典型罐头音乐为背道而驰）。单看到〈1/1〉、 〈2/1〉、〈1/2〉、〈2/2〉等数字曲目已见耐人寻味。钢琴、人声、合成器、tape loop，营 造出幽美、默然而带著离愁别绪的ambient音乐，有很多留白的空间。 1/1 (Remastered 2004) 06 Laraaji 《Ambient 3: Day of Radiance》 (1980) 四款“ambient系列”专辑当中，只有一张不是 Brian Eno 的作品，而退居幕后担纲监制，那是 美国音乐家 Laraaji 的 Ambient 3，他在纽约市华盛顿广场公园 busking 时给Eno发掘。其击 弦德西玛琴与齐特琴音乐，来得别具迷魂与蝉意的东方色彩。 Meditation No. 1 07 吉村弘《Music For Nine Post Cards》(1982) 日本ambient music/环境音乐先锋吉村弘(Hiroshi Yoshimura)，这张他在家以analogue合 成器与Fender Rhodes电钢琴灌录而成的首张个人专辑，为九幅明信片所创作的乐曲，取材自 白云浮动、夏季树荫、下雨声音、城市积雪等风景，每首曲目都是如斯情感细腻。 Water Copy 08 Brian Eno with Daniel Lanois & Roger Eno 《 Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks》 (1983) Brian Eno伙拍加拿大制作人Daniel Lanois及其胞弟Roger Eno是为美国记者/导演Al Reinert 执导的美国太空总署NASA“阿波罗计划”纪录片所创作配乐，勾勒出置身无际太空的憩静而美 丽氛围与无重状态，同时又泛著土地的气息。 09 Harold Budd《Abandoned Cities》 (1984) 曾跟Brian Eno合作过《Ambient 2: The Plateaux of Mirror》和《Pearl》两张专辑的美国 加州 ambient 钢琴家 Harold Budd，在“被遗弃的城市”的主题下，带来两首犹如孤寂苍凉都 市风景的深邃低迥暗黑长篇 ambient 曲目。 Abandoned Cities 10 Steve Roach 《Structures from Silence》 (1984) 加州电子合成器演奏家Steve Roach，是另一派美国ambient音乐的佼佼者(后来引申成new age music 那种)。从这张《Structures from Silence》专辑，到跟著的《Quiet Music》系列 作品，都彰显了他的宁静氛围电音美学。 11 Roger Eno 《Voices》(1985) 有正统音乐训练/修读乐理背境的Roger Eno之首张个人专辑，由Daniel Lanois监制、其兄 Brian Eno负责营造氛围意象的sound treatment，带著Claude Debussy和Erik Satie的钢琴 音乐薰陶，尽然是唯美憩静、诗情画意的ambient钢琴音乐，叫人听得怦然心动的ambient专 辑。 Through The Blue 12 Aphex Twin 《Selected Ambient Works Volume II》(1994) 英伦电音狂人 Richard D. James 的头号化身，Aphex Twin 在90年代的 techno 纪元重新把 ambient电音发扬光大。这套长达150分钟的双专辑，24首无题作品差不多全是无节拍的 ambient曲目，营造出“清醒梦”的恍恍忽忽、介乎实现与虚无的状态。 #1 13 Global Communication 《76:14》(1994) 1990年代ambient电音的另一经典专辑，纪录了Global Communication最纯粹的ambient作 品。专辑名字是唱片的总长度，而每次曲目名字则是乐曲的长度，所以这也可算是无题专辑 来。 9:25 14 Boards of Canada 《Music Has the Right to Children》 (1998) 来自苏格兰爱丁堡的 Boards of Canada 并不是那些年的另一队 IDM / downtempo 电音组 合，在缓缓的节拍下他们有著深厚的ambient根源、大量应用古老电子合成器及音效器，扑朔 迷离的静谧氛围美学，就像一道光的色调渗透而来。 An Eagle In Your Mind 15 Alva Noto + 坂本龙一 《Vrioon》 (2002) 德国电音制作人Alva Noto跟坂本龙一在多年来的紧密合作关系早已叫乐迷津津乐道。叫人最 深刻的，是二人首度联袂合作的《Vrioon》，为他们的“Virus”系列五部曲之首章。抽象的 glitch 电 声 、 简 约 的 钢 琴 、 疏 离 冷 洌 的 氛 围 ， 来 得 诗 意 浓 郁 的 2000 年 代 minimalism / ambient电音。 Moon 瘟疫 瘟疫改变了什么 实验音乐 音乐 本刊载内容版权为端传媒或相关单位所有，未经端传媒编辑部授权，请勿转载或复制，否则即为侵权。 热门头条 1. 他们为被删的文章存档，却可能因此面临刑罚 2. 领馆新战火，班农与美国对华“超限战”的开端 3. 加速主义：作为一种严肃的政治（抗争）立场 4. 晚报：吉林省公安副厅长出版《平安经》引发舆论质疑，省委宣布展开调查 5. 同脱暴动罪，这对香港夫妻的一年候审生活 6. 洪水下慌张的大坝，和寸土必争的分洪区 7. 追踪721真相的亲历者们：我不仅仅想知道谁打我 8. 拒绝加班的《派遣女王2》：你一努力，你的同事就倒霉！ 9. 签证政策惊险转折，这些美国大学何以依赖中国学生？ 10. 李蔚：李登辉，“中华民国在台湾”监造人 编辑推荐 1. 多面李登辉：他不是他的他，“台湾”亦不是台湾的台湾 2. 杨路：什么是中国经济“内循环”？能循环起来吗？ 3. 中国大城市新贫困阶级：“小镇做题家”的选择题 4. 李蔚：李登辉，“中华民国在台湾”监造人 5. 学生动源四名前成员被上门拘捕 涉违国安法 警方深夜记者会实录 6. 疫苗快跑：大国技术、政治与资本的激烈角逐 7. 从国务卿到FBI局长，四篇演讲如何定义美国未来对华政策？ 8. 梁俊彦：香港政治新常态？选举与国安法，北京与反对派的两场角力 9. 中间路线的逆袭：“希望联盟”能带给香港希望吗？ 10. 重磅影片：超过16000枚催泪弹，给香港留下了什么？ 延伸阅读 音乐总能绝处逢生：4间爵士乐酒吧 近年香港曾经主打爵士的酒吧相继结业，不过音乐永远总能绝处逢生，我们特别挑选四家拥有不同风格的爵士酒 吧，为大家提供享受音符和夜色的好去处。 大瘟疫与音乐产业：如何在串流世界及虚拟音乐会里停止忧虑 上一波网路撞击音乐产业，是Spotify推倒了粉丝与音乐之间的那道高墙；而此波疫情之后的网路撞击，更可能推倒 哪一道音乐世界里的高墙？ 歌单：黑人音乐中从来不缺席的社运呼号，就如同他们从未远离的痛苦 近期非裔美国人的平权呼声蔓延到文艺界，其实谴责与诉求从未在他们的音乐之中缺席。.
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