September 9, 2020

Dear Colleagues,

As infectious diseases physicians and researchers, microbiologist and immunologists, epidemiologists and health policy leaders, we stand united in efforts to develop and promote science-based solutions that advance human health and prevent suffering from the coronavirus pandemic. In this pursuit, we share a commitment to a basic principle derived from the Hippocratic Oath: Primum Non Nocere (First, Do No Harm).

To prevent harm to the public’s health, we also have both a moral and an ethical responsibility to call attention to the falsehoods and misrepresentations of science recently fostered by Dr. Scott Atlas, a former Stanford Medical School colleague and current senior fellow at the Hoover Institute at Stanford University. Many of his opinions and statements run counter to established science and, by doing so, undermine public-health authorities and the credible science that guides effective public health policy. The preponderance of data, accrued from around the world, currently supports each of the following statements:

● The use of face masks, social distancing, handwashing and hygiene have been shown to substantially reduce the spread of Covid-19. Crowded indoor spaces are settings that significantly increase the risk of community spread of SARS-CoV-2.

● Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 frequently occurs from asymptomatic people, including children and young adults, to family members and others. Therefore, testing asymptomatic individuals, especially those with probable Covid-19 exposure is important to break the chain of ongoing transmission.

● Children of all ages can be infected with SARS-CoV-2. While infection is less common in children than in adults, serious short-term and long-term consequences of Covid-19 are increasingly described in children and young people.

● The pandemic will be controlled when a large proportion of a population has developed immunity (referred to as herd immunity) and that the safest path to herd immunity is through deployment of rigorously evaluated, effective vaccines that have been approved by regulatory agencies.

● In contrast, encouraging herd immunity through unchecked community transmission is not a safe public health strategy. In fact, this approach would do the opposite, causing a significant increase in preventable cases, suffering and deaths, especially among vulnerable populations, such as older individuals and essential workers.

Commitment to science-based decision-making is a fundamental obligation of public health policy. The rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the US, with consequent morbidity and mortality, are among the highest in the world. The policy response to this pandemic must reinforce the science, including that evidence-based prevention and the safe development, testing and delivery of efficacious therapies and preventive measures, including vaccines, represent the safest path forward. Failure to follow the science -- or deliberately misrepresenting the science – will lead to immense avoidable harm.

We believe that social and economic activity can reopen safely, if we follow policies that are consistent with science. In fact, the countries that have reopened businesses and schools safely are those that have implemented the science-based strategies outlined above.

As Stanford faculty with expertise in infectious diseases, epidemiology and health policy, our signatures support this statement with the hope that our voices affirm scientific, medical and public health approaches that promote the safety of our communities and nation.

Philip A. Pizzo, MD Upi Singh, MD Bonnie Maldonado, MD Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Medicine Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) and of (Infectious Disease and (Infectious Diseases) and of Microbiology and Immunology Geographic Medicine) and of Epidemiology and Population and Former Dean, Stanford Microbiology and Immunology Health Chief, Division of School of Medicine and and Chief, Division of Infectious Pediatric Infectious Diseases Founding Director, Stanford Diseases and Senior Associate Dean for Distinguished Careers Institute Faculty Development and Diversity

Lucy Shapiro, PhD Melissa Bondy, PhD Michele Barry, MD Professor of Developmental Professor and Chair of Professor of Medicine and Biology and Director, Beckman Epidemiology and Population Senior Associate Dean for Center for Molecular and Health and Co-Director of the Global Health and Director, Genetic Medicine Stanford Center for Population Center for Innovation in Global Health Sciences Health and Senior Fellow, Woods Institute and the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Charles Prober, MD Julie Parsonnet, MD Steve Goodman, MD, Professor of Pediatrics and of Professor of Medicine MHS, PhD Microbiology and Immunology (Infectious Diseases and Professor of Epidemiology and and Senior Associate Vice Geographic Medicine) and of Population Health and Provost for Health Education Epidemiology and Population Associate Dean of Clinical and Health Translational Research David Relman, MD Lee M. Sanders, MD, MPH Steve Luby, MD Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and of and of Health Research and (Infectious Diseases) Microbiology and Immunology Policy (Epidemiology) and and of Epidemiology and Senior Fellow, Freeman Chief, Division of General and Population Health Spogli Institute for International Pediatrics and Senior Fellow, Studies Freeman Spogli Institute Harry Greenberg, MD Ann Arvin, MD Edward S Mocarski, Professor of Medicine and of Professor of Pediatrics Jr, PhD Microbiology and Immunology (Infectious Diseases) and of Professor of and Associate Dean for Microbiology and Immunology Microbiology and Research and Former Vice Provost and Immunology, Emeritus Dean of Research John Boothroyd, PhD John Carette, PhD Dylan Dodd, MD, PhD Professor of Microbiology and Associate Professor of Assistant Professor of Immunology Microbiology and Immunology Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology Jason Andrews, MD, SM, David Studdert, LLB, MPH, Michelle Mello, JD, DTM&H ScD PhD Associate Professor of Professor of Law and Medicine, Professor of Medicine (Health Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Stanford Health Policy, Stanford Policy) and Professor of Law and of Epidemiology and Law School Health Policy Joshua Salomon, PhD Manuel Ricardo Amieva, MD, Lorene Nelson, PhD, MA Professor of Medicine (Primary PhD Associate Professor of Care and Outcomes Research) Professor of Pediatrics Epidemiology and Public and Senior Fellow, Freeman (Infectious Diseases) and of Health and Faculty Director Spogli Institute for International Microbiology and Immunology of the Stanford Center for Studies Population Health Sciences Abraham Verghese MD, Aruna Subramanian, MD Dean L. Winslow, MD, FACP, MACP, FRCP(Edin) Clinical Professor of Medicine, FIDSA, FPIDS Linda R. Meier and Joan F. Chief, Immunocompromised Professor of Medicine – Lane Provostial Professor, Host Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Vice Chair for the Theory and Division of Infectious Diseases Practice of Medicine and Geographic Medicine

Stephen J Galli, MD Helen M Blau, PhD Jason Wang, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology and of Professor of Microbiology and Associate Professor of Pediatrics Microbiology and Immunology Immunology and Director, and Medicine and of Health and Former Chair, Department Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Policy and of Pathology Biology Director, Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention Ann Hsing, PhD, MPH Steve Asch, MD, MPH Esther John, PhD, MSPH Professor of Medicine (Stanford Professor of Medicine, Primary Professor, Department of Prevention Research Care and Population Health Epidemiology and Population Center/Cancer Institute) and Health and Co-leader, Epidemiology and Population Population Sciences Program, Health Stanford Cancer Institute Thomas C Merigan, MD David A. Stevens, M.D., Gary K. Schoolnik, MD Professor of Medicine, Emeritus F.A.C.P., F.A.A.M., F.I.D.S.A. Professor of Medicine - Former Division Chief Director, Professor of Medicine - Infectious Diseases, Emeritus Center for Aids Research, Infectious Diseases, Emeritus Emeritus and President, California Institute for Medical Research, Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Calif. Inst. for Med. Res. Jack Remington, MD Cornelia L. Dekker, MD Denise Monack, PhD Professor of Medicine Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Microbiology and (Infectious Diseases) and Chief, (Infectious Diseases), Emerita Immunology Palo Alto Medical Research Foundation Stan Deresinski, MD, FIDSA Shirit Einav, MD Robert Shafer, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine Associate Professor Medicine - Professor of Medicine Division Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases and of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Geographic Medicine and of Geographic Medicine Microbiology and Immunology Holden Terry Maecker, PhD Wah Chiu, PhD Doug K Owens, MD, MS Professor of Microbiology and Professor of Bioengineering and Professor of Medicine and Immunology of Microbiology and Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Immunology Institute for International Studies Cybele A. Renault, MD, Jake Scott, MD Justin Sonnenburg, PhD DTM&H Clinical Assistant Professor of Associate Professor of Clinical Associate Professor Medicine Infectious Diseases Microbiology and Immunology (Infectious Diseases) Program and Geographic Medicine and Co-Director, Center for Lead for Global Health Human Microbiome Studies (Stanford Internal Medicine Residency Program)

Hector Bonilla, MD Dora Ho, MD, PhD Marisa Holubar, MD MS Clinical Associate Professor of Clinical Associate Professor of Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Infectious Diseases Medicine Infectious Diseases Medicine Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Geographic Medicine and Geographic Medicine and Associate Director, Stanford Antimicrobial Safety and Sustainability Program

Sharon Chen, MD, MS Roshni Matthew, MD Elizabeth S. Egan, MD, PhD Clinical Associate Professor of Clinical Assistant Professor of Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) (Infectious Diseases) and the and Associate Medical Director, Tashia and John Morgridge Infection Prevention & Control Endowed Faculty Scholar Jenny R. Aronson, MD Catherine Blish, MD, PhD Paul L. Bollyky, MD, D.Phil Clinical Assistant Associate Professor of Medicine Associate Professor Division of Professor Division of Infectious Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases Department Diseases and Geographic Geographic Medicine and of Medicine Medicine Immunology

Talal Seddick, MD Clea Sarnquist, MD Sruti Nadimpalli, MD Clinical Assistant of Professor Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Clinical Professor of of Pediatrics (Infectious (Infectious Diseases) Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) Disease) Tim Stearns, PhD Kerwyn Casey Huang, PhD Michael Fischbach, PhD Professor of Biology and of Professor of Bioengineering and Associate Professor of Genetics and Senior Associate of Microbiology and Bioengineering and of Vice Provost for Research Immunology Microbiology and Immunology Maya Adam, MD Samantha Johnson, MD, MPH Philip M. Grant, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Clinical Associate Professor of Assistant Professor of Medicine Pediatrics and Director of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) Infectious Diseases and Health Media Innovation Geographic Medicine

Joanna Nelson, MD A.C. Matin, PhD Taia T. Wang, MD, PhD, Clinical Assistant Professor Professor of Microbiology and MSCI Department of Medicine – Immunology Assistant Professor of Medicine Infectious Diseases and of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Sarnow, PhD Hayley Gans Michael Baiocchi, PhD Professor of Microbiology and Clinical Professor, Pediatrics - Assistant Professor, Department Immunology Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Population Health Glenn M. Chertow, MD, Paul Graham Fisher, MD Lisa Goldman-Rosas, PhD, MPH MPH Professor, Neurology and Norman S. Coplon Satellite Pediatrics, and by courtesy, Assistant Professor, Department Healthcare Professor of Neurosurgery, Epidemiology and of Epidemiology and Population Medicine, and by courtesy Population Health, and Human Health, Director, Office of Department of Epidemiology Biology, The Beirne Family Community Engagement and Population Health Professor of Pediatric Neuro- Oncology, The Dunlevie Family University Fellow in Undergraduate Education, Chief, Division of Child Neurology, Vice Chair, Faculty Affairs, Department of Neurology

Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, PhD, Victor Henderson, MD Tina Hernandez-Boussard, FSAHM PhD, MPH, MS Professor, Department of Professor of Pediatrics, Taube Epidemiology and Population Associate Professor of Endowed Research Faculty Health Medicine, Biomedical Data Scholar Professor, and Science, and Surgery, and by courtesy Department by courtesy Department of Epidemiology and of Epidemiology and Population Population Health, Director of Health Fellows’ Scholarship, Department of Pediatrics, Director of Research, Division of Adolescent Medicine

Abby King, PhD Allison W. Kurian, M.D., Lianne Kurina, PhD M.Sc. Professor, Epidemiology and Associate Professor, Primary Population Health, and Associate Professor of Medicine Care and Population Health, Medicine (Stanford Prevention (Oncology) and of Epidemiology Bing Director of the Program in Research Center) and Population Health Human Biology Director, Healthy Aging Associate Chief for Academic Research & Technology Affairs, Division of Oncology Solutions (HARTS) Laboratory Director, Women’s Clinical Faculty Director, Our Voice Cancer Genetics Program, Co- Global Citizen Science leader, Population Sciences Initiative Program, Stanford Cancer Past President, Society of Institute Behavioral Medicine

Mitchell R. Lunn, MD, MAS, Kari Nadeau, MD, PhD Lorene Nelson, PhD, MS FACP, FASN Naddisy Foundation Professor of Associate Professor, Department Assistant Professor of Pediatric Food Allergy, of Epidemiology and Population Medicine, and by courtesy, Immunology and Asthma, Health Faculty Director of Department of Epidemiology Professor of Pediatrics and Research, Stanford Center for and Population Health Professor by Courtesy of Population Health Sciences Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery at LPCH and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health

Mindie H. Nguyen, MD, MAS, Michelle C. Odden, PhD Juno Obedin-Maliver, MD, AGAF, FAASLD MPH, MAS Associate Professor, Department Professor, Department of of Epidemiology and Population Assistant Professor, Department Medicine, and by courtesy Health of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Epidemiology and, by courtesy, Department of and Population Health Epidemiology and Population Health

Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, Lesley S. Park, PhD, MPH Rita A. Popat, PhD FAHA, FACC, FACP Instructor, Department of Clinical Associate Professor, Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Department of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Health, Associate Director, and Population Health (Primary Care and Population Stanford Center for Population Health) and, by courtesy, Health Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Population Health

David H Rehkopf, ScD, MPH Thomas N. Robinson, MD, Kristin Sainani, PhD MPH Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department Departments of Epidemiology Professor of Pediatrics and of of Epidemiology and Population and Population Health, Medicine and, by courtesy, Health Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and (Primary Care and Population Population Health Health), Co-director, Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences

Gary M. Shaw, DrPH Julia F Simard, ScD Marcia L. Stefanick, PhD

NICU Nurses Endowed Associate Professor, Department Professor of Medicine (Stanford Professor of Pediatrics, of Epidemiology & Population Prevention Research Center), Associate Chair Dept of Health Professor of Obstetrics & Pediatrics, Department of Gynecology, and by courtesy Pediatrics and, by courtesy, Professor of Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology Population Health, Director, and Population Health Stanford Women’s Health and Sex Differences in Medicine (WHSDM) Center

Holly Tabor, PhD Alice S. Whittemore, Ph.D.

Associate Professor, Professor (Emerita) of Department of Medicine and by Epidemiology and Biostatistics courtesy, Department of Departments of Epidemiology Epidemiology and Population and Population Health Health) and Associate Director, and of Biomedical Data Science Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics