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Hills Road Suburbs and Approaches

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Hills Road Suburbs and Approaches Cambridge Suburbs and Approaches: Hills Road (including Babraham Road) Cambridge Suburbs and Approaches: Hills Road (including Babraham Road) Prepared by Beacon Planning Ltd For Cambridge City Council March 2012 Contents 1. Character Summary .......................................................................................1 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................3 2.1 Background................................................................................................3 2.2 Methodology ..............................................................................................3 2.3 Limitations..................................................................................................3 3. Historical Development .................................................................................4 3.1 Brief overview of the development of Cambridge ......................................4 3.2. The development of Hills Road..................................................................5 4. Character Assessment ................................................................................10 4.1. The Assessment Area .............................................................................10 4.2. Overall Character and Appearance .........................................................11 4.3. Character Area 1 .....................................................................................13 4.4. Character Area 2 .....................................................................................15 4.5. Character Area 3 .....................................................................................18 4.6. Character Area 4 .....................................................................................23 4.7 Character Area 5 .....................................................................................27 5. Significance Assessment ............................................................................31 5.1 Listed Buildings........................................................................................31 5.2 Buildings of Local Interest........................................................................35 6. Maps ..............................................................................................................43 i 1. Character Summary Hills / Babraham Road is part of the realigned route of one of the four Roman roads which radiated out from the camp on Castle Hill. Only two were maintained – what became Huntingdon Road (Huntingdinesweye) and the sequence of roads between Bridge Street and Hills Road (Wlvestrata or Wool Street – the road to Colchester). The Roman route ran straighter than today’s roads and slightly to the southwest of the present Hills Road. Ogilby’s road maps of 1675 show that Cambridge was a hub of local roads. The importance of Hills Road has, therefore, been long established and today, it is one of the two main routes into Cambridge from the south – the other being Trumpington Road. It is an ‘A’-road (A1307) which still links Cambridge to Colchester (via Haverhill) and the A11 which ultimately links to the M11 and London. Approached from the south, the road (Babraham Road at this point) crosses through ‘Shelford Bottom’ before the Park & Ride site and the City boundary is reached. The Cambridge City sign and Park & Ride clearly indicate the proximity of the city, as does the Addenbrooke’s Hospital chimney. However, the initial approach is through Green Belt and arable fields, a remnant of Cambridge’s former agricultural hinterland, and is the rural edge of the City. Once the outer limits of Cambridge’s built up area is reached, the character becomes more suburban with largely post-War residential development largely screened by strong hedgelines and substantial tree belts. This is interrupted by the vast Addenbrooke’s Hospital site which is a dramatic shift in scale, form and grain and has a rather stark appearance with little greenery to soften the rather daunting buildings. The suburban and vegetative character Cambridge Suburbs and Approaches: Hills Road 1 returns north of the hospital, although residential development here is slightly earlier than that south of Addenbrooke’s. The intersection of Hills Road with Long Road and Queen Edith’s Way marks a shift in the development pattern with earlier suburban development from the early years of the 20th century and even the turn of the century around Homerton College. The substantial redevelopment of the cattle market site and land surrounding the junction with Cherry Hinton Road is a dramatic change in scale and character, with modern apartment blocks and the Cambridge Leisure Park indicating the significant changes that this area of the city is undergoing. Much of this is on what was one of the city’s few industrial areas and some 19th century buildings survive between Brooklands Avenue and the War Memorial at the junction with Station Road. The commercial nature of the northernmost stretch of Hills Road is apparent by the numerous office blocks near the railway station and the number of food and drink establishments. This is also a local shopping centre for the residential areas behind the Hills Road frontage with convenience stores serving their requirements. Although distinctly urban, a number of mature trees, particularly near the junctions with Station Road and Lensfield Road, serve as a reminder of the 19th century villas, the vast majority of which have been replaced by modern buildings. The Central Conservation Area designation extends along much of the length of Hills Road up to the Brooklands Avenue junction, and segments of the west side were recently included via the New Town and Glisson Road Area Conservation Area Appraisal. Cambridge City Council 2 2. Introduction 2.1 Background Beacon Planning Ltd was commissioned by Cambridge City Council to prepare a rapid assessment of Hills Road, from the Cambridge City boundary (at Babraham Road) to the junction with Lensfield Road, Regent Street and Gonville Place, (also known as “Hyde Park Corner”). The aim was to provide an assessment and understanding of this route’s local distinctiveness. The City Council has a programme of ‘Suburbs and Approaches Studies’ and these projects form part of the Council’s pro-active Conservation programme, which also includes Conservation Area Appraisals. The Hills Road study was commissioned concurrently with the New Town and Glisson Road Area Conservation Area Appraisal. 2.2 Methodology The assessment involved fieldwork, desk research and analysis. Research was carried out at the County Record Office and in the building control records of the City Council. It consisted of a review of historic maps and a more general history of Cambridge, its architecture and development. The assessment is based on what could be seen on foot from the public highway. 2.3 Limitations The commission was to assess the architectural and historic character of Hills Road as part of a characterisation assessment, including the heritage significance of the area. The assessment is not in sufficient depth to support potential Conservation Area designation, although this assessment was commissioned alongside a review of the New Town and Glisson Road area of the Central Cambridge Conservation Area. There are a number of additional lines of research which might produce additional historical information on the history and development of Hills Road such as rate books, insurance and building control records. Further research would provide greater detail and depth to an understanding of the development of the area. Cambridge Suburbs and Approaches: Hills Road 3 3. Historical Development 3.1 Brief overview of the development of Cambridge The City of Cambridge lies at the intersection of four Roman roads, of which Hills Road is traditionally thought to be one. The Roman settlement developed on the west side of the River Cam in the present Castle Hill area. In Saxon times there was further settlement south of the river. After the Norman Conquest a castle was built north of the river and several churches and monastic foundations were in existence by the mid 13th century. The major growth of the town dates from the establishment of the University from the 13th century, and at the time of the Reformation there were 15 colleges. With the exception of some minor suburban development, Cambridge did not significantly develop beyond its medieval bounds until the early 1800s, following the Acts of Enclosure. New housing began to appear on the roads leading out of town, including Hills Road. With the arrival of the railway in the 1840s the town expanded as a market town and agricultural centre. Large new areas of housing were built throughout the second half of the 19th century, building off and connecting the historic routes radiating out from the centre. In the first half of the 20th century the town’s population grew from 40,000 to 90,000; outlying villages were connected and absorbed as ribbon development spread out from the centre. Early resistance to this growth and the loss of village character in outlying areas was manifested in the establishment of the Cambridge Preservation Society in 1928, and the protection given to the Gog Magog Hills, Grantchester, Coton and Madingley. After the Second World War Sir William (later Lord) Holford and H. Myles Wright’s Cambridge Survey and Plan of 1950 formed the basis of the 1952 County Development Plan, defining the Green
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