Nitropad X230 Factsheet
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In This Video We Are Going to See How a Personal Computer Hardware Is Organised the PC Was Designed with an Open Architecture
In this video we are going to see how a personal computer hardware is organised The PC was designed with an open architecture. This means that it uses standard modular components. We can add, replace, update or swap them easily and the computer will identify and handle the new devices automatically. The main component of a computer system is the motherboard or main board. It is a printed circuit board (PCB) that holds the main components of the computer and the electronics needed to communicate between them and to expand the system. We could say that it is the central nervous system of the computer. A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. Unlike a backplane, it also contains the central processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices The form factor is the specification of a motherboard – the dimensions, power supply type, location of mounting holes, number of ports on the back panel, etc. In the IBM PC compatible industry, standard form factors ensure that parts are interchangeable across competing vendors and generations of technology, while in enterprise computing, form factors ensure that server modules fit into existing rack mount systems. Traditionally, the most significant specification is for that of the motherboard, which generally dictates the overall size of the case. The most used form factor for IBM PC compatible motherboards is ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) and its derivatives. For small form factor mainboards mini ITX is the de facto standard. A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low- voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. -
Secure Key Storage with Professional Key Management
Secure key storage with professional key management. What was previously only provided by expensive and proprietary hardware security modules (HSM) is now available as open hardware at an unbeatably low price from Germany. Nitrokey HSM reliably protects your cryptographic keys with encrypted backups, two-man rule as access protection and many other security features. With a USB interface, Nitrokey HSM is the ideal solution for certificate infrastructures of any type and size. Applications FEATURES Operating PKI and CA Nitrokey HSM provides secure key generation, Two-Man Rule as Access Protection / storage and management for public key M-of-N Threshold Scheme infrastructures (PKI), certificate authorities In order to gain access to the cryptographic keys, M of N (CA) and other central signing keys. Technical key administrators must approve. A single person alone security features replace expensive organi- cannot obtain access. If an individual key administrator zational protection measures such as sto- is unavailable, key access is still possible, provided at ring keys in safe deposit boxes, and even least M key administrators are available. This means protect keys for large and changing teams. that your keys are always protected, even in large and changing teams. Fulfilling Compliance Key administrators can either authenticate themselves Requirements (e.g. PCI DSS) using their own Nitrokey HSM (required for M-of-N According to PCI DSS, keys that encrypt or access protection) or by means of a password. Remote decrypt credit card data must be securely access is possible, so key administrators do not have to stored at all times. Nitrokey HSM is a funda- be physically present in the same location. -
Security and Trust in Open Source Security Tokens
IACR Transactions ISSN XXXX-XXXX, Vol. 0, No. 0, pp. 1–26. DOI:XXXXXXXX Security and Trust in Open Source Security Tokens Marc Schink, Alexander Wagner, Florian Unterstein and Johann Heyszl Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Germany, [email protected] Abstract. Using passwords for authentication has been proven vulnerable in countless security incidents. Hardware security tokens effectively prevent most password-related security issues and improve security indisputably. However, we would like to highlight that there are new threats from attackers with physical access which need to be discussed. Supply chain adversaries may manipulate devices on a large scale and install backdoors before they even reach end users. In evil maid scenarios, specific devices may even be attacked while already in use. Hence, we thoroughly investigate the security and trustworthiness of seven commercially available open source security tokens, including devices from the two market leaders: SoloKeys and Nitrokey. Unfortunately, we identify and practically verify significant vulnerabilities in all seven examined tokens. Some of them are based on severe, previously undiscovered, vulnerabilities of two major microcontrollers which are used at a large scale in various products. Our findings clearly emphasize the significant threat from supply chain and evil maid scenarios since the attacks are practical and only require moderate attacker efforts. Fortunately, we are able to describe software-based countermeasures as effective improvements to retrofit the examined devices. To improve the security and trustworthiness of future security tokens, we also derive important general design recommendations. Keywords: security token · second factor authentication · FIDO · fault injection attack · side-channel attack · firmware protection 1 Introduction Passwords are the most common authentication mechanism for private as well as profes- sional IT services such as social media, banking or enterprise infrastructure. -
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ Aslinux \ Beatrix
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ ASLinux \ BeatriX \ BlackRhino \ BlankON \ Bluewall \ BOSS \ Canaima \ Clonezilla Live \ Conducit \ Corel \ Xandros \ DeadCD \ Olive \ DeMuDi \ \ 64Studio (64 Studio) \ DoudouLinux \ DRBL \ Elive \ Epidemic \ Estrella Roja \ Euronode \ GALPon MiniNo \ Gibraltar \ GNUGuitarINUX \ gnuLiNex \ \ Lihuen \ grml \ Guadalinex \ Impi \ Inquisitor \ Linux Mint Debian \ LliureX \ K-DEMar \ kademar \ Knoppix \ \ B2D \ \ Bioknoppix \ \ Damn Small Linux \ \ \ Hikarunix \ \ \ DSL-N \ \ \ Damn Vulnerable Linux \ \ Danix \ \ Feather \ \ INSERT \ \ Joatha \ \ Kaella \ \ Kanotix \ \ \ Auditor Security Linux \ \ \ Backtrack \ \ \ Parsix \ \ Kurumin \ \ \ Dizinha \ \ \ \ NeoDizinha \ \ \ \ Patinho Faminto \ \ \ Kalango \ \ \ Poseidon \ \ MAX \ \ Medialinux \ \ Mediainlinux \ \ ArtistX \ \ Morphix \ \ \ Aquamorph \ \ \ Dreamlinux \ \ \ Hiwix \ \ \ Hiweed \ \ \ \ Deepin \ \ \ ZoneCD \ \ Musix \ \ ParallelKnoppix \ \ Quantian \ \ Shabdix \ \ Symphony OS \ \ Whoppix \ \ WHAX \ LEAF \ Libranet \ Librassoc \ Lindows \ Linspire \ \ Freespire \ Liquid Lemur \ Matriux \ MEPIS \ SimplyMEPIS \ \ antiX \ \ \ Swift \ Metamorphose \ miniwoody \ Bonzai \ MoLinux \ \ Tirwal \ NepaLinux \ Nova \ Omoikane (Arma) \ OpenMediaVault \ OS2005 \ Maemo \ Meego Harmattan \ PelicanHPC \ Progeny \ Progress \ Proxmox \ PureOS \ Red Ribbon \ Resulinux \ Rxart \ SalineOS \ Semplice \ sidux \ aptosid \ \ siduction \ Skolelinux \ Snowlinux \ srvRX live \ Storm \ Tails \ ThinClientOS \ Trisquel \ Tuquito \ Ubuntu \ \ A/V \ \ AV \ \ Airinux \ \ Arabian -
HP Z200 Small Form Factor Workstation
HP Z200 Small Form Factor Workstation Maintenance and Service Guide Copyright Information Warranty Trademark Credits © Copyright 2010 Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be Microsoft, Windows, and XP are U.S. Development Company, L.P. liable for technical or editorial errors or registered trademarks of Microsoft omissions contained herein or for incidental Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation in this material. The information in this the U.S. and other countries and are used document is provided “as is” without under license. warranty of any kind, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of ENERGY STAR is a U.S. registered mark of merchantability and fitness for a particular the United States Environmental Protection purpose, and is subject to change without Agency. notice. The warranties for HP products are 597850–002 set forth in the express limited warranty statements accompanying such products. Second Edition, June 2010 Nothing herein should be construed as constituting and additional warranty. This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company. About this guide This guide provides service and maintenance information for the HP Z200 Small Form Factor (SFF) Workstation. It includes these topics: Guide -
Nextcloud User Manual Release Latest
Nextcloud User Manual Release latest The Nextcloud developers Oct 06, 2021 CONTENTS 1 Nextcloud latest user manual introduction1 2 What’s new for users in Nextcloud latest3 3 The Nextcloud Web interface7 3.1 Web browser requirements........................................7 3.2 Navigating the main user interface....................................8 4 Files & synchronization 11 4.1 Accessing your files using the Nextcloud Web interface......................... 11 4.2 Accessing Nextcloud files using WebDAV................................ 17 4.3 Managing deleted files.......................................... 28 4.4 Desktop and mobile synchronization.................................. 29 4.5 Encrypting your Nextcloud files on the server.............................. 30 4.6 File Sharing............................................... 33 4.7 Federated Shares............................................. 37 4.8 Making anonymous uploads....................................... 39 4.9 Large file uploads............................................ 41 4.10 Storage quota............................................... 42 4.11 Version control.............................................. 42 4.12 Projects.................................................. 43 4.13 Transfer Ownership........................................... 47 5 Groupware 49 5.1 Using the Contacts app.......................................... 49 5.2 Using the Calendar app......................................... 52 5.3 Synchronizing with Android....................................... 60 5.4 -
CHAPTER 4 Motherboards and Buses 05 0789729741 Ch04 7/15/03 4:03 PM Page 196
05 0789729741 ch04 7/15/03 4:03 PM Page 195 CHAPTER 4 Motherboards and Buses 05 0789729741 ch04 7/15/03 4:03 PM Page 196 196 Chapter 4 Motherboards and Buses Motherboard Form Factors Without a doubt, the most important component in a PC system is the main board or motherboard. Some companies refer to the motherboard as a system board or planar. The terms motherboard, main board, system board, and planar are interchangeable, although I prefer the motherboard designation. This chapter examines the various types of motherboards available and those components typically contained on the motherboard and motherboard interface connectors. Several common form factors are used for PC motherboards. The form factor refers to the physical dimensions (size and shape) as well as certain connector, screw hole, and other positions that dictate into which type of case the board will fit. Some are true standards (meaning that all boards with that form factor are interchangeable), whereas others are not standardized enough to allow for inter- changeability. Unfortunately, these nonstandard form factors preclude any easy upgrade or inexpen- sive replacement, which generally means they should be avoided. The more commonly known PC motherboard form factors include the following: Obsolete Form Factors Modern Form Factors All Others ■ Baby-AT ■ ATX ■ Fully proprietary designs ■ Full-size AT ■ micro-ATX (certain Compaq, Packard Bell, Hewlett-Packard, ■ ■ LPX (semiproprietary) Flex-ATX notebook/portable sys- ■ WTX (no longer in production) ■ Mini-ITX (flex-ATX tems, and so on) ■ ITX (flex-ATX variation, never variation) produced) ■ NLX Motherboards have evolved over the years from the original Baby-AT form factor boards used in the original IBM PC and XT to the current ATX and NLX boards used in most full-size desktop and tower systems. -
Design of the Next-Generation Securedrop Workstation Freedom of the Press Foundation
1 Design of the Next-Generation SecureDrop Workstation Freedom of the Press Foundation I. INTRODUCTION Whistleblowers expose wrongdoing, illegality, abuse, misconduct, waste, and/or threats to public health or safety. Whistleblowing has been critical for some of the most important stories in the history of investigative journalism, e.g. the Pentagon Papers, the Panama Papers, and the Snowden disclosures. From the Government Accountability Project’s Whistleblower Guide (1): The power of whistleblowers to hold institutions and leaders accountable very often depends on the critical work of journalists, who verify whistleblowers’ disclosures and then bring them to the public. The partnership between whistleblowers and journalists is essential to a functioning democracy. In the United States, shield laws and reporter’s privilege exists to protect the right of a journalist to not reveal the identity of a source. However, under both the Obama and Trump administrations, governments have attempted to identify journalistic sources via court orders to third parties holding journalist’s records. Under the Obama administration, the Associated Press had its telephone records acquired in order to identify a source (2). Under the Trump Administration, New York Times journalist Ali Watkins had her phone and email records acquired by court order (3). If source—journalist communications are mediated by third parties that can be subject to subpoena, source identities can be revealed without a journalist being aware due to a gag that is often associated with such court orders. Sources can face a range of reprisals. These could be personal reprisals such as reputational or relationship damage, or for employees that reveal wrongdoing, loss of employment and career opportunities. -
Stronger NYC Communities Organizational Digital Security Guide
Stronger NYC Communities Organizational Digital Security Guide For Trainers and Participants Build Power - not Paranoia! NYC Stronger Communities | Toolkit 1 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, July 2018 This work supported by Mozilla Foundation, the NYC Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs, NYC Mayor’s Office of the CTO, and Research Action Design. CREDITS Project designed and lead by Sarah Aoun and Bex Hong Hurwitz. Curriculum lead writing by Rory Allen. Workshops, activities, and worksheets were developed by Nasma Ahmed, Rory Allen, Sarah Aoun, Rebecca Chowdhury, Hadassah Damien, Harlo Holmes, Bex Hong Hurwitz, David Huerta, Palika Makam (WITNESS), Kyla Massey, Sonya Reynolds, and Xtian Rodriguez. This Guide was arranged and edited by Hadassah Damien, and designed by Fridah Oyaro, Summer 2018. More at: https://strongercommunities.info NYC Stronger Communities | Toolkit 2 Table of Contents ORGANIZATIONAL DIGITAL SECURITY GUIDE This guide provides tools and ideas to help organizational digital security workshop leaders approach the work including a full facilitator’s guide with agendas and activities; for learners find a participant guide with homework, exercises, and a resource section. 01 03 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 4 PARTICIPANT WORKBOOK ........................................ 110 • Organizational Digital Security Right Now Introduction to the Stronger Communities • Roadmap Workshop series Self-assessment: Digital • Workshop Overview Security Bingo • Series Story • How to coordinate and plan a Stronger Workshop Participant Guides Communities workshop series • Design and facilitation tools 1. Stronger NYC Communities Workshop: • Evaluate and assess Our work is political. • Handout and activity glossary 2. Stronger Communities Workshop: Our work is both individual and collective. 3. Stronger Communities Workshop: Our 02 work is about learning from and taking care of each other. -
Pentest-Report Nitrokey Storage Hardware 08.2015 Cure53, Dr.-Ing
Pentest-Report Nitrokey Storage Hardware 08.2015 Cure53, Dr.-Ing. Dmitry Nedospasov, Dr.-Ing. Mario Heiderich Index Introduction Scope Identified Vulnerabilities NK -02-001 JTAG Header accessible on the Nitrokey PCB ( Critical ) NK -02-002 Weak Security Fuse Configuration ( Critical ) NK -02-003 Security Relevant Signals Routed On Surface Layers ( Critical ) NK -02-004 Microcontroller Contains DFU bootloader ( Low ) NK -02-005 Brown Out Detection Not Enabled ( High ) NK -02-006 Micro SD and Smartcard Slots lack ejection switch ( High ) NK -02-007 Current Design Lacks Tamper Switches ( Medium ) NK -02-008 No Offline Tampering Detection ( Medium ) NK -02-009 Insufficient Design Density ( Low ) Conclusion Introduction “Nitrokey is an USB key to enable highly secure encryption and signing of emails and data, as well as login to the Web, networks and computers. Other than ordinary software solutions, the secret keys are always stored securely inside the Nitrokey. Their extraction is impossible which makes Nitrokey immune to computer viruses and Trojan horses. The user-chosen PIN and the tamper-proof smart card protect in case of loss and theft. Hardware and software are both available as Open Source to allow verifying the security and integration with other applications.” From https :// www . nitrokey . com /introduction This penetration test against the Nitrokey Storage hardware was performed by one engineer over the period of 10 days. The test is one of the components within a larger scheme of security assessments, thus complimenting penetration tests of the software employed in the Nitrokey setup. The main scope of this assessment was to evaluate the security of the Nitrokey’s hardware against various offline hardware-based attacks. -
PDF Or ODT Format, You Will Notice Plenty of ``` in Place of Double Quotes (“”)
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Online Anonymity (Or “How I learned to start worrying and love privacy anonymity”) Version 1.0.4, September 2021 by AnonymousPlanet. This guide is still a work in progress. While I am working constantly to correct issues, improve the content, general structure, and readability, it will probably never be “finished”. Some parts might lack information or contain inaccuracies. Your experience may vary. Remember to check regularly for an updated version of this guide. This guide is a non-profit open-source initiative, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (cc-by-nc-4.0 [Archive.org]). See the license at the end of the document. • For mirrors see Appendix A6: Mirrors • For help in comparing versions see Appendix A7: Comparing versions Feel free to submit issues using GitHub Issues at: https://github.com/AnonymousPlanet/thgtoa/issues Feel free to come to discuss ideas at: • GitHub Discussions: https://github.com/AnonymousPlanet/thgtoa/discussions • Matrix/Element: ```#anonymity:matrix.org``` https://matrix.to/#/#anonymity:matrix.org Follow me on: • Twitter at https://twitter.com/AnonyPla [Nitter] (cannot guarantee this account will stay up for long tho) • Mastodon at https://mastodon.social/@anonypla. To contact me, see the updated information on the website or send an e-mail to [email protected] Please consider donating if you enjoy the project and want to support the hosting fees (for the Tor hosting and the Tor Exit node). There are several ways you could read this guide: • You want to understand the current state of online privacy and anonymity not necessarily get too technical about it: Just read the Introduction, Requirements, Understanding some basics of how some information can lead back to you and how to mitigate those, and A final editorial note sections. -
Securedrop Workstation Security Assessment January 29, 2020
SecureDrop Workstation Security Assessment January 29, 2020 Prepared For: SecureDrop Team | Freedom of the Press Foundation [email protected] Prepared By: Dominik Czarnota | T rail of Bits [email protected] Artem Dinaburg | T rail of Bits [email protected] Changelog: December 18, 2020 Initial report delivered January 19, 2021 Added Findings 25-26 and Appendices G-H January 29, 2021 Final version delivered: extended Executive Summary Executive Summary Project Dashboard Engagement Goals Coverage Recommendations Summary Short term Long term Findings Summary 1. Incorrect TOR_V2_AUTH_COOKIE_REGEX regular expression when validating config 2. Verifying Qubes installation media is confusing and error-prone 3. Only support Intel hardware, as AMD appears to lack sufficient testing 4. The order of operation in the safe_mkdir function allows an attacker to create the directory with broader permissions 5. The downloaded submission may end up in an overly permissioned directory 6. Qubes qrexec tools handle libvchan_recv and libvchan_send return values inconsistently 7. Whonix.NewStatus Qubes RPC should be redesigned 8. The offline mode doesn't require any authentication 9. Downloaded submissions have too broad permissions 10. Passwordless root access in VMs 11. qrexec-daemon in Qubes >= 4.1 could misidentify policy engine replies 12. The sd-app downloads submission to a file path fully trusted from the server, allowing for path traversal 13. The migration script adds non-existent path to sys.path 14. The sd-proxy and sdclientapi allows duplicate JSON keys 15. Backup files remain valid policies 16. The securedrop-export in sd-devices unpacks incoming archives in a way that allows for placing unpacked files in arbitrary paths 17.