Earth and Space Sciences Annual Report 2010 the Cover

Earth and Space Sciences Annual Report 2010 The Cover

“The picture depicts the Icelandic Eyjafjallajökull volcano producing a sustained lava fountain and abundant ash emission. Besides being one of the most spectacular natural events of 2010, it caused unprecedented disruption in Europe during several weeks, remind ing us of the power of nature and the delicate balance of our technological society. As well, the photo captures an aurora borealis crossing the starry Nordic sky and the reflection of the scene on a peaceful stream. An incredible combination of the five mythological elements (even the ethereal plasma!), and a portrait of many of the aspects that we study in our department (volcanoes, atmosphere, ice, geodynamics, plasma, space) with a common denominator: the many facets of light captured remotely.” Santiago Arellano, PhD student in the Optical Remote Sensing group

The photo was taken by the Icelandic photographer Bírkír Jónsson on April 23, 2010. He named it “Light Play”, and describes it with these words:

“When the night is calm and the aurora borealis is out playing, the volcano sits there doing its thing, spewing up ash and molten lava. Standing there feels unreal. Just 7 km away, the terror is going strong, tons of ash and lava are spewing into the air. Then it reminds you of its terror with a great explosion that beats your body and you are reminded of your place in the universe.”

In May 2010, Bo Galle and a group from the Icelandic Met Office installed two optical remote sensing instruments developed by the Optical Remote Sensing group, on the flanks of this volcano. The sulfur emission of Eyjafjallajökull is now continuously being monitored by Chalmers. Contents Press Clippings...... 4 Public Outreach...... 5 First Degree & Master’s Studies...... 6 Bachelor´s Thesis Reports...... 7 Master´s Programme...... 8 Master’s Thesis Reports...... 9 Doctoral Programme...... 10 Doctoral Dissertations & Licentiates...... 10 Advanced Receiver Development...... 11 Global Environmental Measurements and Modelling...... 12 Nonlinear Electrodynamics...... 13 Optical Remote Sensing...... 14 Radar Remote Sensing...... 15 Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics...... 16 Space Geodesy and Geodynamics...... 18 Transport Theory...... 19 Onsala Space Observatory...... 20 Publications...... 22 Production: Dept. of Earth & Space Sciences, Chalmers Facts and Figures...... 29 Printed by Intellecta, 2011. Copies: 1,500 Organisation...... 30 2 Dear Reader,

Welcome to our new Department of Earth and Space Sciences! Or rather, we are still the same department, but on July 1, 2010, we changed our name from Radio and Space Science to Earth and Space Sciences. You may wonder why one decides to abandon a well-established name? In our case, the reason was to highlight the fact that a large fraction of our research is focused on observing and modelling our planet. Furthermore, studies of the Earth and its neighbouring space Gunnar Elgered, Head of Department are important pieces in the university’s overall vision: Chalmers – for a sustainable future! We may even want to extend the time frame of the future beyond the epoch when our Sun has developed into a red giant and life on Earth no longer exists! When that happens, we need to be sustainable somewhere else. So, to sum it up: the new name is not a sign of a new agenda, but rather an indication that the department’s activities have broadened over the last 20–30 years. The radio techniques will continue to be important tools for us, and sometimes the major motivation of a certain research project is to develop the tool itself. We think that this is a natural profile for us, as a department at a technical university. As well, the name Earth and Space Sciences is an established concept within the international research community. It defines a very broad area, but as this report will show you, through examples, a special knowledge exists within our department. With a staff of more than one hundred highly motivated, hard-working persons, there are of course many events and results that could be mentioned in an annual report. As always, we have had to select just a few, and it is my sincere hope that there will be something of interest for all of our readers, even though you may come from many different backgrounds. In last year’s report you could, for example, read about the launch of the Herschel satellite – the largest infrared space observatory launched to date. During 2010, further activities in this project have included a workshop, as well as activities related to our visiting jubilee professor Alexander Tielens. Especially, I would like to mention the connected boost in the number of published refereed papers – one of the so called quality indicators used when assessing universities globally (a topic that I discussed in last year’s report). Due to this increase, the report is four pages longer than in previous years! It is interesting to note that sometimes our research can rather unexpectedly work itself into everyday life. An event that most people in the Northern hemisphere noticed in 2010 was the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland. The resulting ash cloud had a noticeable impact on the air traffic all over Europe and showed us that in spite of the fact that our high technology sometimes gives us the feeling of being in control, our Earth has many surprises to reveal. In order to handle these, the knowledge that we can acquire through observations and modelling is, and will continue to be, highly important. Some of the department’s other highlights for 2010 were:

• we became the host department for Chalmers e-Science Centre; • the first Band 5 receiver was delivered to ALMA in Chile; • professor John Conway became the first ever deputy director for the National Facility for Radio Astronomy.

You will be able to read more about these topics in the report, as well as about selected results from each one of our eight research groups. As in previous years, you will also see the wide variety of topics studied in the bachelor, master, licentiate, and doctoral theses that have been produced by students connected to the Department of Earth and Space Sciences. So please, continue reading...

3 Press Clippings

The radio telescope LOFAR gets a station in Onsala The Swedish part of the European radio telescope LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) is being built at the Onsala Space Observatory. NyTeknik – December The observatory takes pride in its new gravimeter Sweden’s first superconducting gravimeter measures rising sea levels with great precision. Sveriges Radio/Vetenskapsradion – January It’s time to measure petrochemical emissions How can we clean up Houston’s polluted air if we don’t know how much pollution is being emitted? How can we reduce the health risks when remote-sensing instruments show offical emission estimates are far too low? Houston Chronicle – May

A stormy debate about the climate On the basis of only one study, with all the uncertainties it contains, it would be extraordinary to reject decades of research. NyTeknik – October Top grades for the Onsala Space Observatory An international group of experts has evaluated the observatory. They conclude that the observatory contributes to keeping Sweden in the forefront of modern research. Chalmers Nyheter – May, Swedish Research Council/vr.se – May

Motorist are wrongfully fined Speed cameras may incorrectly measure speeds. Thousands of motorists risk getting unnecessary fines. Dagens Nyheter and Göteborgs-Posten - August

Emissions often underestimated, EPA standards old Oil and chemical plants in the US are spewing a lot more pollution than they report to the Environmental Protection Agency – and the EPA knows it and has yet to adopt more accurate, higher-tech measuring methods. The Washington Post – April NASA next stop for Eva Wirström She is looking for life in space using data from satellites and telescopes on Earth. After her dissertation in January, she will continue her research at NASA in Greenbelt, just outside Washington D.C. Forskning & Framsteg – May/June

The quake in Chile shortens the day Shorter days and a shifting of the axis of the Earth – that is how the earthquake in Chile may have effected us. Göteborgs-Posten, Två Dagar – February

4 Public Outreach As always, the department has had a lot of on outreach in Bologna, different activities aimed at informing the general Italy. public about science. There have been visits • The observatory joined to and from schools, interviews in the media, Facebook with its own participation in many events, public seminars and group page and an account guided tours. Below follows a selection of some on Flickr was established to give media easy Experimentverkstaden 2010. specific activities that took place during the year: access to photographs. • More than 2,000 visited and toured the • We participated in “Experimentverkstaden” observatory – an average of just under two with experiments, a competition where the first guided tours per week. The visitors included prize was a telescope (see photo below), and schoolchildren, pensioners, holidaymakers and with posters about astronomy in collaboration groups from workplaces. with the space habitat. Approximately 6,000 • In May, for Mother’s Day, there was the yearly children visited the event during two weeks in open house at the Onsala Space Observatory. May. An event that is organised in cooperation with • In collaboration with Universeum, a pilot the tourist office in Kungsbacka. At hand project was carried out. Two educators were researchers, within both astronomy and from Universeum together with one of our geophysics, to guide the many visitors. researchers visited a school class (grade 9) in • Staff members participated in the yearly “Save- the region to talk about astronomy and research the-Egg”-activity for 5th grade children at in general, and to let the pupils perform some Chalmers. experiments.

• A 40 cm optical Meade telescope has been • Schools work with the radio telescope SALSA prepared for use during public stargazing (Such A Lovely Small Antenna) continued. nights. Students from Sweden as well as other countries in Europe have been able to further • An updated version of the Onsala Space their studies by using it. In September, a new Observatory brochure was released. web site about the small radio telescopes was • During the yearly Science Festival in May, launched. It contains pedagogical material and one of our scientists held a well-visited lecture it also enables students to book a time-slot and entitled “Birth, life and death of galaxies in observe remotely. the Universe”. Another two scientists from • In November, researchers from the Global the Global Environment Measurements and Environment Measurements and Modelling Modelling group held six lectures on climate group arranged a day of popular science issues. seminars on the theme “Chalmers’ paths Visitors at the observatory entering • In November, the new Communications Officer towards a sustainable world”. the radome for a guided tour. in Onsala went to the first Radionet workshop

Class 4D at the Kullavik school. Their classmate Felix Blomqvist (back row to the right) won the telescope for his class.

5 First Degree and Master’s Studies

The department is active at several levels of nomical techniques, modelling of biosphere- Magnus Thomasson, teaching: we give courses for students at atmosphere exchange, and geosciences. We also Vice Head of Department Chalmers’ three-year engineering programmes examined 17 master’s thesis projects, more than and responsible for the in Electrical Engineering and Computer half of which were supervised internally. undergraduate teaching Engineering and five-year master of engineering The department runs a two-year master’s programmes in Electrical Engineering, Auto programme called Radio and Space Science mation and Mechatronics Engineering, and – Astrophysics, Earth observations, Technology. Engineering Physics. We also run a master’s The last group of students started in the autumn programme, and participate in the Foundation of 2010. Although the number of qualified Year at Chalmers. Many of our courses at applicants reached a record in 2010, we were master’s level are also open for students at the forced to decrease the number of accepted University of Gothenburg. students this year (due to a limitation of the In 2010, the department was responsible total number of students at Chalmers). A re for almost 30 courses at Chalmers, plus thesis organization of Chalmers master’s programmes projects. Our teachers also participated in started in 2010. Our Radio and Space Science courses given by other departments. The programme will be cancelled, and instead subjects range from basic electrical engineering the department will collaborate with other to courses closely related to our research in, departments on two new masters’ programmes. e.g. astrophysics, remote sensing, receiver The first programme, Physics and Astronomy, development, and plasma physics. An important is a collaboration with the Department of subject is measurement techniques. We have Fundamental Physics. The second, Wireless, our own laboratory, which is used exclusively Photonics and Space Engineering, is a collabo for teaching and where students get hands-on rations with the Department of Microtehnology experience with measurement instruments. and Nanoscience. Much of our efforts in 2010 In addition to giving regular courses, our were focused on developing these two new teachers supervise thesis projects. During the programmes. Both of them will start in the year our department supervised four bachelor’s autumn of 2011, and we hope that they will be thesis project groups, with a total of 15 students, attractive for both Swedish and international in subjects chosen from astrophysics and astro students.

Students from Chalmers visiting the Onsala Space Observatory.

Students presenting their bachelor’s thesis project on developing a CCD camera for an optical telescope.

6 Chalmers courses given during 2010

Students presenting their bachelor’s thesis project on detecting tsunamies with satellite positioning systems. Bachelor’s Thesis Reports

Emma Andersson, Axel Johansson, Kristin Andréas Olsson, Hannes Sörensson, Tobias Renström, Atefeh Ardakani Johansson Modelling of biosphere-atmosphere gas exchange Where do comets come from? – Simulation of the (Supervisor: David Simpson) origin and behaviour of comets (Supervisor: Magnus Thomasson) Katarina Beillon, Alvean Ekman, Fredrik Johansson Niklas Falstad, Joakim Jansson, Mikael Detection of tsunamis with satellite navigation Mårtensson, Patrik Nordquist, Kim Viggedal systems – Modelling of post-seismic atmospheric CCD camera for an optical telescope perturbations due to earthquakes in the Sunda (Supervisor: Magnus Thomasson) Trench September 12 2007 (Supervisor: Rüdiger Haas)

7 Master’s Programme

Since 2007, the department has offered a two- and production development, management and year master’s programme in Radio and Space administration, and financial analysis. The student Science with specialisations in Astrophysics, Earth will also be well prepared to enter a doctoral Observations, and Radio and Space Technology. programme at Chalmers, or for that matter, at any Arto Heikkilä, The last group of students started in the autumn other university in Sweden or abroad. Master’s Programme Coordinator of 2010. In the autumn of 2011, the programme Wireless, Photonics and Space Engineering will be replaced by two new master’s programmes, is intended for physics and electrical engineering that will be given in cooperation with other students interested in the technology and departments. science of this fascinating field. The programme Physics and Astronomy is a programme provides a master’s education for a future career intended for students with a keen interest in either in engineering branches that rely heavily on the theoretical or experimental aspects of frontline electromagnetic waves, e.g. telecommunication, physics and astronomy. The skills in problem automotive electronics, space engineering, medical solving and advanced experimental techniques, applications of microwaves and photonics, remote as well as collaboration and presentation skills, sensing, solid state lighting, environmental acquired in this programme are highly valued monitoring, navigation, and radio astronomy. both in the academic world and on the job There are career opportunities in the private market. Previous students have found positions industry, at universities, or at research institutes. in, e.g. industrial research, consulting, product

An Erasmus-student from the Technical University in Vienna, Austria, uses a leveling instrument to determine the height difference between the old and the new platform for absolute gravity observations at the Onsala Space Observatory.

During the course Applied Remote Sensing, students make a land cover classification from satellite images. At the end of the course they get a chance to validate their classification during a field trip to the area that they have worked with.

8 Master’s Thesis Reports

Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh Gabriel Garcia Interstellar tracers of hadronic processes A rapid acquisition GPS receiver based on ultra associated with TeV gamma rays from supernova tightly coupled IMU and GPS remnants (Examiner: Jan Johansson, Supervisors: Erik (Examiner/Supervisor: John Black) Steinmetz, Ragne Emardson & Per Jarlemark, SP Technical Research Institute) Ding Tao Experimental study of the influences of Rayyan Ali Qureshi background atmospheric electron density on FFTS based RFI monitoring for Onsala Space radar backscatter from meteor trails Observatory (Examiner: Leif Eriksson, Supervisor: Werner (Examiner: Rüdiger Haas, Supervisors: Miroslav Singer, Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Pantaleev & Simon Casey)

Veronica Bäckström & Anton Skårbratt Furqan Ahmed Maritime ISAR imaging with airborne radar Evaluation of GNSS as a tool for monitoring (Examiner: Lars Ulander, Supervisor: Björn tropospheric water vapour Hallberg, Saab EDS) (Examiner: Jan Johansson, Supervisor: Per Jarlemark, SP Technical Research Institute) Mattias Tjus Supernovae as the drivers of galactic dynamos Oana Robescu (Examiner: Magnus Thomasson, Supervisor: Assessment of low-cost INS for positioning Ulf Torkelsson) through sensor fusion with GPS (Examiner: Jan Johansson, Supervisors: Erik Carlos Chover López Steinmetz, Ragne Emardson & Per Jarlemark, Simulations of structure formation in the universe: SP Technical Research Institute) hot vs cold dark matter (Examiner/Supervisor: Alessandro Romeo Roberto Montes Cañizares Testing of remotely controlled soil moisture Umair Naeem Nabeel Ahmed Durrani sensors and analysis of soil moisture data Digital receiver for SALSA (Examiner/Supervisor: Leif Eriksson) (Examiner: Vincent Desmaris, Supervisor: Miroslav Pantaleev) Haukur Sigurdarson Gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters Manuel Emmelhainz Mendizabal (Examiner/Supervisor: Cathy Horellou) Analysis software package for water vapor radiometers Joachim Wiegert (Examiner/Supervisor: Gunnar Elgered) Gravitational instability of galactic discs (Supervisor/examiner: Alessandro Romeo) Modris Matisans Development of new spectroscopic instrument Alex Koloczek, Robert Singh for environmental measurements of gases from APEX Sunyaev-Zeldovich observations of the industries and volcanoes merging galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (Examiner/Supervisor: Johan Mellqvist) (Supervisor/examiner: Cathy Horellou)

Syed Ameer Ahmed Gillani RF interference monitoring for the Onsala Space Observatory (Examiner: Rüdiger Haas, Supervisor: Miroslav Pantaleev)

9 Doctoral Programme The doctoral programme is organised as three possible specialisations within the subject area of Radio and Space Science. These specialisations are Astronomy, Environmental Science, and Electrical Engi- neering, reflecting the diversity of the research carried out at the department. The school strives to give the students a thorough understanding of the research area they have chosen and in depth studies in a particular subject with the aim of achieving Chalmers’ goals for post-graduate education. Donal Murtagh, Deputy There are currently about 33 research students in the programme – most of whom are employed by Head of Department and responsible for the the department, although a handful have positions in the industry or at other institutes. doctoral programme. During the past year three PhD degrees and four licentiate degrees have been awarded, while seven new post-graduate students were recruited.

Doctoral Dissertations

Bengt Rydberg Eva Wirström Satellite microwave Astrochemistry at millimetre and measurements of cloud ice submillimetre wavelengths properties January February Supervisor: John Black Supervisor: Patrick Eriksson

Dimitar M. Dochev Thin films and component technologies for low-noise terahertz electronics December Supervisor: Victor Belitsky Licentiates

Tong Ning Francesco Costagliola Global navigation satellite systems: applications of time Observations of molecules in scales from seconds to decades luminous infrared galaxies March April Supervisor: Gunnar Elgered Supervisor: Susanne Aalto

Per Bjerkeli Joel Rasch Observations and analysis of water in molecular outflows and Microwave breakdown in shocks inhomogeneous fields April June Supervisor: René Liseau Supervisor: Mietek Lisak

10 Advanced Receiver Development

The Group for Advanced Receiver Development (GARD) is a research and engineering group working on scientific instrumentation. GARD research focuses on Research group leader superconducting electronics, material science and thin-film processing. The results Victor Belitsky and experience from these fields facilitate the development and building of state-of- the-art instruments that are used in radio astronomy and environmental science.

ALMA Band 5 Project in a rocket during the summer 2011. GARD is The Band 5 cold cartridge assembly passed the responsible for designing the receivers’ calibration Staff critical design review with excellent performance systems as well as the design and manufacturing Victor Belitsky recognized by the review board. Our Band 5 of the optics. The project is a collaboration with Bhushan Billade (-Nov) receiver has a noise temperature of about 5 times the Global Environmental Measurements and Vincent Desmaris the quantum noise limit hf/k. In September, the Modelling group and the Gothenburg based Sven-Erik Ferm first cartridge produced by us was accepted for company Omnisys AB. Mathias Fredrixon delivery to the ALMA European Integration Other highlights Gert Johnsen Center at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Igor Lapkin Dimitar Dochev successfully defended his the U.K. Hawal Marouf Rashid PhD thesis, which focused on the material The ALMA Band 5 covers the frequency Denis Meledin properties and deposition techniques of high- range 163–211 GHz. The para-H2O(313-220) Olle Nyström (-May) line at 183 GHz lies in the middle of Band 5. It gap superconductor thin films (Nb3Al, NbN), Alexey Pavolotsky various microfabrication technologies, and novel is one of a few H2O lines that can be observed Magnus Strandberg (50%) from Earth. The atmospheric transmission can terahertz receiver components. Erik Sundin approach 50% at the line peak at the excellent An important update to our facilities was the ALMA site. H2O is a key molecule as an actor acquisition of a Leica precision microscope with (coolant, reaction species, etc.) in, and as a probe a long-focus objective, built-in high-resolution Doctoral students of important processes during the formation and camera and software-based measurement Bhushan Billade (Dec-) evolution of stars and their associated planetary and characterization system. This was a very Dimitar Dochev systems. Furthermore, it has an astrobiological important update, that substantially improved Olle Nyström (Jun-) importance as the key liquid associated with life the working environment. It removes a lot of the Magnus Strandberg (50%) (as we know it). eye-strain connected to micromanipulation and other technological operations with mixers and The APEX Project amplifiers. GARD performed the installation of the new The group’s academic staff took an active part APEX Band 3 mixer (385–500 GHz). The in teaching of the courses “Radio and Microwave installation took place in March 2010 in the Engineering”, “Millimetre and Sub-mm/THz shadow of a dramatic event – the strongest, ever Receiver Technology for Instrumentation” registered earthquake in Chile. Consequently, (master level), and “Högfrekvensteknik” difficult travel and work conditions complicated (bachelor level). the completion, but in the end the it was success ful. With this receiver channel, the group has completed the Swedish Heterodyne Facility Instrument.

Project PHOCUS PHOCUS (Particles, Hydrogen and Oxygen Chemistry in the Upper Summer mesosphere) is an atmospheric science project and involves designing and building two heterodyne receivers for the water lines at 183 and 577 GHz. The receivers are going to be integrated into the payload and launched

Band 5 Production Cartridge #1 before sending to AIC. GARD staff from left to right: D. Dochev, B. Billade, A. Pavolotsky, M. Hansen-Torvaldsson, D. Meledin, H. Rashid, I. Lapkin, O. Nyström, E. Sundin, S.-E. Ferm, M. Fredrixon, V. Belitsky. Not present: V. Desmaris, G. Johnsen and M. Strandberg.

11 Global Environmental Measurements and Modelling Research group leader Donal Murtagh The Global Environmental Measurements and Modelling group focuses on the production and interpretation of global data-sets. To a large extent these originate from the Swedish led Odin satellite project, where we are the main data processing centre for the Sub-mm radiometer instrument providing the atmospheric community with quality assessed data. On the scientific side we have continued with studies of the chemical and dynamical processes affecting the atmosphere. Staff Samuel Brohede Patrick Eriksson Ozone loss – do we fully understand it? Stratospheric wind measurements from space Peter Forkman A simplified picture of the reactions involved In another study, together with colleagues at the Johan Lodin in polar stratospheric ozone loss is depicted in National Institute for Communication Technology Stefan Lossow (-May) figure 1. This is known as the ClO dimer cycle. (NICT) in Japan, we used data from the SMILES Donal Murtagh Recently, new laboratory measurements instrument on the International Space Station Joakim Möller (-May) have lead us to question our understanding of to determine the stratospheric wind field from Bengt Rydberg (Feb-) this cycle. Our knowledge of the kinetics data 30–80 km altitude. This fills a previous gap in David Simpson such measurements. (adj. prof.) for the reactions involved, mostly originate from Joachim Urban laboratory studies. These have been carried out SMILES is a superconducting microwave at temperatures and pressures that differ from spectrometer operating near 625 GHz. It was actual stratospheric conditions. However, com designed to measure the profiles of gases Doctoral students parisons of model simulations to observations involved in ozone destruction, by scanning the Ole Martin Christensen allow us to test the ability of the model to repro atmosphere at the edge of the earth. We have (Aug-) duce the sunlight dependent ClO variations. This used the fact that at each altitude, the ozone Marston Johnston is a critical test of the mechanisms that lead to molecules that absorb and emit radiation, are Maryam Khosravi ozone destruction in the polar stratosphere. affected by the local wind field and exhibit a Bengt Rydberg (-Feb) Doppler shift of the frequency. Using advanced Kazutoshi Sagi (May-) Particularly interesting is the photochemistry during the time of rapidly changing solar mathematical techniques, we can detect this exposure at sunrise and sunset, since it leads Doppler shift and derive the wind vector along to rapid changes in the concentrations of the the instrument observation direction. Figure 2 species that we study. Therefore, comparison shows a comparison of the derived wind field for of diurnal variations of a single day compared with a model calculation. the modelled ClO and The new observations are expected to be of the greatest importance in the equatorial region and Cl2O2 and observations across the day-night and for altitudes above 50 km, where today’s models night-day transitions for cannot accurately represent all of the dynamic different photo-dissociation processes that occur in the natural atmosphere. rates helps to establish the Figure 2. Line of sight wind vectors derived from plausibility of these kinetics SMILES measurements (black) compared to the data. We have used aircraft GEOS5 model winds (red) for 2009-11-13. measurements of ClO under such conditions to test both the model and the kinetics data. As a result, improved knowledge of reaction rates Figure 1. The ClO-Cl2O2 catalytic cycle at the polar stratosphere. has been obtained.

12 Nonlinear Electrodynamics The research activity of the Nonlinear Electrodynamics group is directed towards three research areas: the physics of burning fusion plasmas, microwave discharge phenomena and nonlinear optics. There is a common denominator and a strong Research group leader correlation between these three areas – all involve electromagnetic field theory, Mietek Lisak plasma and plasma-like phenomena, and similar nonlinear wave phenomena.

Burning fusion plasmas being space borne RF equipment. An important Fusion research is aimed at developing the energy part of the design and development of RF source of stars on earth as a safe way of producing components is to establish the critical RF power Staff large-scale energy, which could cover mankind´s at which the breakdown process is initiated. A Dan Andersson energy need for millions of years. One of the main strong effort has been made during the last years Matthew Lilley objectives of tokamak devices, such as the existing in the form of a collaboration between Chalmers, Mietek Lisak JET project and the planned international fusion CNES in Toulouse (France), Ruag Space AB in experiment ITER, is the study of alpha particle Mölndal (Sweden) and Institute of Applied Physics production, confinement and alpha particle heat in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia). During 2010, the Doctoral students ing of D-T plasmas. In tokamak reactors, the work has been carried out within three different Grzegorz Galant (Feb-) energetic alpha particle population is expected to projects financed by CNES, the Swedish National Tobias Hansson give rise to fundamentally new physics phenomena, Space Research Program and the European Space Robert Nyqvist which may have a substantial impact on achieving Agency (ESA). An important part of this work Joel Rasch and maintaining high plasma temperatures and has been directed at studying breakdown in open long energy confinement times. antenna structures. Our research activity is strongly integrated Nonlinear optics in the European fusion programme. The work is We also carry out research in nonlinear optics. devoted to the physics of burning fusion plasmas One of the most important areas of application is in tokamaks, with particular interest given to optical communication, where nonlinear effects fast particle collective effects. During 2010, the have found a number of fascinating applications, specific aims have been investigation of nonlinear but also can constitute an important factor limiting dynamics of fast ion driven modes near the insta the system performance. During 2010, particular bility threshold and interaction between Alfvén attention has been given to investigation of the eigenmodes and fast ions in JET. We collaborate effect of partial coherence on the interaction with JET-EFDA (Culham Science Centre, UK), between nonlinear structures, and to applications the Institute of Advanced Fusion Studies at the of the theory to technically important situations University of Texas (Austin, USA) and the Polish like suppression of nonlinearly induced noise in Fusion Association (IPPML). high-speed optical fibre communication systems. Microwave breakdown in space borne RF We have a continuous collaboration with Optical equipment Science Center in Canberra (Australia) and IAP Microwave breakdown in RF components consti in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia). tutes a severe problem in many modern microwave systems involving high powers, a typical example

The microwave breakdown electron density distribution Modelling of the nonlinear evolution of fast particle between two conducting metal cylinders, chosen to driven instabilities in tokmak plasmas showing hooked represent the key features of breakdown in a helical frequency spectrum with drag and diffusive collisions satellite antenna (simulation by Joel Rasch). (simulation by Matthew Lilley).

13 Optical Remote Sensing

The Optical Remote Sensing group is working with development and application of ground-based optical remote sensing methods for atmospheric measurements. Specifically we are focusing on tailoring instruments and Research group leader measurement strategies to address particular measurement problems Bo Galle. related to environmental research and monitoring needs. The work is very international and field oriented, and spans a large variety of disciplines.

Volcanic gas measurements Industrial hydrocarbon emissions Since 2001, we are strongly involved in developing Emissions of hydrocarbons from oil related Staff methods to quantify gas emission from active industrial activities constitute an important Johan Ekholm volcanoes. The EU-project NOVAC (Network environmental problem. We have developed Bo Galle for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric a method for quantification of hydrocarbon Johan Mellqvist Change), coordinated by Chalmers, was initiated emissions based on IR Solar Occultation and during the autumn 2005. This project has been another one for formaldehyde measurement based aimed at establishing a network of instruments on UV/visible measurements. During 2009 and Doctoral students for gas measurements on 20 of the most active 2010, we participated in a US project based on a Jon Angelbratt volcanoes in the world. In addition to measuring major field campaign in Houston. The aim with Santiago Arellano Jörg Beecken volcanic gas emissions for geophysical research this campaign was to quantify formaldehyde and Niklas Berg and risk assessment, the instruments will also reactive hydrocarbon emissions from refineries Vladimir Conde (Apr-) provide information on atmospheric composition. and petrochemical industries in southern Texas to John Johansson This is of relevance for research related to improve the knowledge of atmospheric reactive Patrik Norman stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change. chemical species. The NOVAC project ended in March 2010 and writing the final report has been a major task Emissions from ships during the year. A method for remote airborne measurements of fluegas emissions from ships is presently being In addition, a new proposal coordinated developed. The aim with this system is to be able by Chalmers related to this activity, AVERT to control whether ships obey new environmental (Assessment of Volcanic Eruption Risk in Real- regulation within EU and the international time), was submitted to EU in November. This maritime organization, IMO. The system has project has eight European partners and nine been applied to monitor ships in the inlet of Latin American partners. It will aim to further Gothenburg, to investigate if the new sulfur exploit the NOVAC data for real-time volcano legislation, that came into effect July 1, is being risk assessment in Latin America. A major task complied with. during 2011 will be to secure a financial platform to enable us to continue the NOVAC network Stratospheric ozone depletion and satellite activities. validation Since 1994 we are operating a high resolution FTIR for Solar spectroscopy at Harestua in southern Norway. The instrument is part of NDACC (Network for the detection of Atmospheric Composition Change), and its main purpose is to study the composition of the atmosphere in relation to climate gases and to gases that induce stratospheric ozone loss. Throughout the year regular measurements have been carried out, financed by Swedish environmental protection agency, and several papers have been submitted on the topic of the climate related gases methane, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and ethane.

Doctoral student Jörg Beecken measuring emissions from ships in the Rotterdam harbour. Photographer: Jacob Barcus Balzani Lööv

14 Radar Remote Sensing Research in the Radar Remote Sensing group is based on the understanding of radar system properties, allowing us to analyse and design new systems with improved measurement accuracy. The main applications studied in the group are forestry and oceanography. For forests the goal is to retrieve biomass and changes caused by deforestation, storms etc. Global mapping is required to understand the role of forest in the global carbon cycle, and hence their effects on global climate change. For oceans, sea ice mapping is also of interest Research group leader Lars Ulander. for climate studies since the ice cover is an indicator of climate change, as well as affecting the transfer of energy between the oceans and atmosphere.

Forest monitoring was placed on the ice in the Gulf of Bothnia. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) These data will be used to validate the algorithms is one of the promising techniques for future for sea-ice drift. In a project led by the Swedish Staff monitoring of the Earth’s forests. The group is Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, the Jan Askne (prof. emeritus) involved in developing new parameter retrieval group also developed programs that made it Anders Berg (-Feb) Leif Eriksson algorithms based on polarimetric SAR data, as possible for the Swedish Ice Service to use a wider Anatoliy Kononov (-Mar ) well as combining multiple acquisitions including range of satellite images in their operational map Lars Ulander (adj. prof.) interferometry. Current projects involve the production software. Annelie Wyholt (Nov-) L-band SAR on the Japanese satellite ALOS and BIOMASS, which is a candidate mission Radar technology, signal processing and Doctoral students for ESA’s Earth Explorer 7. The objective of image analysis Anders Berg (Mar-) BIOMASS is to generate global maps of biomass Synthetic-aperture radar uses advanced signal Gisela Carvajal yearly. It will operate at 435 MHz, which is a processing algorithms to generate imagery from Gustaf Sandberg lower frequency than any other spaceborne SAR raw radar data, as well as to analyse the resulting Maciej Soja has used. imagery. In 2010, the group was involved in Jan Torgrimsson (Sep-) Design challenges include an antenna with projects developing and evaluating algorithms for Annelie Wyholt (-Nov) area in excess of 100 m2 and corrections for autofocus of airborne SAR data. ionospheric Faraday rotation and scinitillation. The group has developed a biomass retrieval algorithm applicable to boreal forests and tested it successfully on airborne SAR data Biomass maps from (a) lidar together with aerial photography collected in Sweden during 2007 and 2008. In and field data and (b) multi-polarization SAR (HV and HH September 2010, a new airborne experiment was polarization) acquired at an airborne campaign over the conducted over the same area, to investigate the Remningstorp forest estate. temporal stability of the radar backscatter and the possibility to detect forest changes such as growth, thinning and storm damage. The results will enable fine-tuning of the algorithms. Other groups are working in parallel on developing similar algorithms for tropical rain forests.

Ocean monitoring Spaceborne SAR can be used to monitor several ocean parameters. In 2010, the research of the Radar Remote Sensing group mainly focused on development and improvement of algorithms for retrieval of sea-ice concentration, sea-ice drift and winds over open water. SAR provides high spatial resolution, which is important for applications that require detailed information for a specific geographic area, e.g. maps of sea-ice for ship routing or wind fields near the coast. Within the EU project SECTRONIC, algorithms for operational provision of wind speed and wind direction to ships and offshore platforms, have been implemented and tested. In April, a buoy that transmitted position and temperatures via satellite,

15 Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics Our research covers a wide range of topics from planetary atmospheres, through the early evolution of stars and planets, to late stages of stellar evolution, the physics and Research group leader chemistry of interstellar and intergalactic matter, the structure and evolution of galaxies, John Black. and cosmology. We carry out observations both at radio frequencies and in other parts of the spectrum. We do theoretical research and develop numerical simulations and models of complex systems like galaxies and gas clouds and help to develop future telescopes on the ground and in space. Although our work both drives and benefits from state-of- the-art sensors, our principal motivation is fundamental curiosity about our universe.

Staff Susanne Aalto Members of the group have played important the scientific organization of a major international Arnold van Ardenne roles in the first scientific investigations with conference on “Herschel and the formation of (adj. prof.) Herschel Space Observatory, a 3.5-m telescope stars and planetary systems”, which was hosted by John Black for astronomy at infrared and submillimeter Chalmers, 6–9 September. John Conway wavelengths, which was launched by the Theoretical research has been carried out on Arto Heikkilä European Space Agency in May 2009. Nine of the gravitational stability of inhomogeneous and Åke Hjalmarson us have co-authored 53 distinct articles on first turbulent gaseous disks. This work extends our (prof. emeritus) results from Herschel published in refereed understanding of the evolution of galaxies: tur- Cathy Horellou journals during 2010. The wide variety of research bulence plays an important role in disk instabili- Kay Justtanont topics in this work includes studies of outflows ties, which in turn partly govern the collapse and René Liseau and shock-waves in star-forming regions, detailed fragmentation of star-forming gas clouds. Carina Persson tests of theories of interstellar chemistry, the first Line emission at mm and sub-mm wavelengths Glenn Persson detection of water emission lines in the envelope has been observed from highly excited molecules Alessandro Romeo of an S-type star, measurements of gravitationally in centers of galaxies. Vibrationally excited Anthony Rushton (Mar-) lensed galaxies by massive clusters, and spectro hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanoacetylene Gustaf Rydbeck scopy of X-ray-induced chemistry in an ultra- (HC N) molecules in the galaxy NGC 4418 (prof. emeritus) luminous galaxy. 3 Christian Struve (Oct-) indicate both high abundances and the non- Jubilee Professor Alexander Tielens from Magnus Thomasson equilibrium excitation effects of intense infrared Leiden University was a stimulating addition Anders Winnberg radiation. Interstellar gas and dust in the nearby (prof. emeritus) to our group during his visit in the autumn. galaxies M51 and M33 have been observed with Eva Wirström (Feb-Jun) Together with René Liseau, he also co-chaired ground-based interferometers and with Herschel, respectively. The molecular properties of galaxies with Doctoral students Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) Fabien Batejat continue to be investigated by Per Bjerkeli a variety of techniques. For Francesco Costagliola example, star-formation in the Rossa Hurley (-Mar) central 3,000 light-years of the Daniel Johansson galaxy NGC 1614 may be the Haukur Sigurdarson power source of its nuclear (Sep-) activity rather than a true Eva Wirström (-Jan) accretion-powered AGN. Herschel observations of interstellar absorption have revealed surprisingly high abundances of reactive molecular ions OH+ and + H2O . These ions trace the effect of cosmic rays and show evidence of a previously poorly observed component of the neutral interstellar medium where hydrogen is very slowly converted from atomic to molecular form. Herschel This artist’s impression depicts Herschel against the Rosette molecular cloud. The observations of the Rosette molecular cloud were made with Herschel’s observations have also been Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and the Spectral and used to confirm the theory Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE). © ESA of interstellar chemistry of

16 PACS image of water toward the young solar analog L 1157, lighting Jubilee Professor up the two-sided outflow of gas. Alexander Tielens, © ESA and the PACS consortia, Leiden University E.F. van Dishoeck for the Herschel WISH Key Programme consortium.

A Herschel image of the HII region RCW 120, highlighting the newly detected young stars at the borders of the ionising bubble. The massive protostar, with mass 8-10 times that of the Sun is visible on the lower edge of the bubble, to the right. T © ESA, PACS & SPIRE Consortia, A. Zavagno (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) for the Herschel HOBYS and Evolution of Interstellar Dust Key Programmes

chlorine and fluorine through measurements of Stars in the earliest stages of their develop + widespread HF, HCl, and H2Cl molecules. It was ment are deeply buried inside the clouds of dust demonstrated that HF can be used as a sensitive and gas within which they form. These protostars indirect tracer of interstellar molecular hydrogen, are typically surrounded by short-lived, rotating which is difficult to observe directly. Tests of disks, which may be the birthplaces of planets. models of interstellar nitrogen chemistry have They also drive jets and outflows, which disturb been made with observations of NH, NH2, and the interstellar matter around them. All of these NH3 molecules in diffuse molecular gas. phenomena can be studied to great advantage The Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment with Herschel. Early results from Herschel (APEX) telescope has been used to investigate include spectroscopy of protostars and their galaxy clusters and gravitationally lensed, high- associated outflows. Of particular interest is the redshift galaxies through measurements of the role of water (both ice and vapor) in the chemical Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (SZ). Seventeen sub- evolution of protoplanetary disks. mm galaxies have been discovered by observing With Herschel it has become possible to through the gravitational lens of the Bullet make very sensitive measurements of water in cluster (1E 0657-56) with the LABOCA sub- the envelopes of evolved stars, something that mm-wave camera. Complementary results on is virtually impossible to do with ground-based the same galaxies were obtained with Herschel. telescopes. For the first time, water has been In combination, these Herschel and APEX detected in an S-type star, Chi Cygni, a kind of observations are beginning to characterize the star with nearly equal abundances of oxygen and properties of typical galaxies very early in their carbon. Perhaps more surprisingly water has been evolution. Initial results from the long-term discovered in a carbon star. The water content of APEX-SZ project were published during 2010. the mass-losing star IK Tau has been determined This international project has used a special- and the properties of the acceleration region in its purpose bolometer array camera to measure the inner wind zone have been characterized. SZ effect in a large number of galaxy clusters.

17 Space Geodesy and Geodynamics

Our main interests are geodynamic phenomena and atmospheric processes. We study e.g. the deformation of the Earth’s crust due to mass redistribution, inter- and intra-plate Research group leader tectonics, loading effects, and variations in earth orientation and rotation. Another example Rüdiger Haas is the spatial and temporal variation of atmospheric water vapour. These research topics are addressed using a variety of observational techniques and corresponding theoretical work.

The near-field environment of GNSS-antennas hour dUT1-experiments, in collaboration with We have studied the near-field environment of a colleagues at Tsukuba, Japan. Staff GNSS-station. Figure 1 shows various experimen- Superconducting gravimetry Gunnar Elgered tal setups, with and without protective radome, The superconducting gravimeter at the Onsala Rüdiger Haas with and without microwave absorbing material, Space Observatory performed very well during Jan Johansson and with the latter attached in different geo (adj. prof.) metries with respect to the antenna. It showed 2010. The instrument accurately monitors gravity Matteo Mantovani that the use of absorbing material drastically changes and is very sensitive to earthquakes. Hans-Georg Scherneck reduces the elevation dependence of the result After the Mw (moment magnitude) 8.8 earth Jonas Sundström (-May) derived from analysis of GNSS data. The impact quake in Maule, Chile on February 27, we clearly of the radome causes a much smaller bias for the observed the Coriolis mode splitting in many derived vertical position. of the normal modes e.g. 0S2 (the “Rugby ball Doctoral students mode”, 54 minutes period). Also, the very narrow Susana García Espada single-line of the S (the “soccer ball mode”, 21 (industrial student) 0 0 minutes period) was observed. The latter implies Johan Löfgren an isotropic volume change of the whole earth. Tong Ning Per-Anders Olsson Figure 3 shows the spectrum of free oscilla- (industrial student) tions versus time, for February 28 to April 30. Carsten Rieck Periodograms were generated on a day-to-day (industrial student) basis, time axis as the abscissa, frequency axis as the ordinate, and amplitudes colour-coded. The “soccer ball mode” 0S0 is seen to persist throughout the entire 60-day period while the energy of other modes due to shear deformation dissipates within five days. The black stripe is due to two strong earthquakes that overpowered the spectra Figure 1. Experimental set-ups to study the near-field on April 4 (Mw 7.2, Baja California) and April 7 environment of GNSS antennas. (Mw 7.8, Sumatra). Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry During 2010 we carried out 26 geodetic VLBI experiments and performed the corresponding data analysis. Figure 2 shows horizontal motions for the VLBI stations that are actively contributing to the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS), derived from the global data set covering about 30 years. Figure 2. Horizontal velocities One of this year’s highlights was that the derived from the global geodetic VLBI data set. Onsala VLBI station was recognized by the IVS Network Coordinator for its long observational history and its good data quality – it was the top performing station during the last 2 years among the approximately 35 IVS stations. Figure 3. Free oscillation spectrum as a function of time Another highlight was that we started to from superconducting gravimeter observations after the routinely use IVS-R1-sessions as ultra-rapid 24- earthquake at Maule, Chile. One of the modes can be traced through two months.

18 Transport Theory

Fusion energy research is moving to a new level with the ongoing construction of the experimental reactor ITER, aiming to demonstrate the technical feasibility of fusion as a sustainable energy source. The research activity of the Transport Theory group is striving towards improving the fundamental understanding of the physical processes affecting the performance of fusion energy devices and at establishing a predictive Research group leader capability for fusion relevant plasmas. Jan Weiland

Theory and modelling of transport and Integrated Modelling stability in magnetized plasmas The Integrated Tokamak Modelling Task Force The main areas of our research are turbulent (ITM-TF) effort aims at developing a modular, Staff transport and stability of resistive wall modes versatile and flexible tokamak simulation plat Yueqiang Liu (RWM) in magnetized toroidal plasmas with form. The effort is pan-European, and has been (adj. prof.) application to thermonuclear fusion research. led by Chalmers from 2004 to 2010. Daniel Nilsson Hans Nordman Turbulent transport is one of the most challeng A parallel activity, aimed at extending the Pär Strand ing areas in physics in general and in fusion technologies for Integrated Modelling developed Michal Stransky research in particular, where in principle a kinetic under the Task Force, is EUFORIA (EU Fusion Jan Weiland approach is needed. However, recently we have for ITER Applications), which is also coordinated shown that our advanced closure can be rigor- Hans Wilhelmsson, by Chalmers. This EU project’s objective is to (prof. emeritus) ously derived in simplified cases. Current work is promote the use and development of EU based Dimitriy Yadykin focused on comparisons with large scale gyro e-infrastructure. The group has had the chair of kinetic simulations, as well as enhancing the the ITER Integrated Modelling Expert Group physics description in general. during the last two years and is also participating Doctoral students Particle transport is important because it in a new FP7 project (MAPPER) related to Abhinav Gupta determines the peaking of main and impurity ion simulation software for multiscale applications, (industrial student) (-Jun) profiles, which directly affects the fusion reaction and in a contract with ITER to develop its Andreas Skyman rate. Comparisons between the fluid model and simulation platform. the kinetic code GENE for JET profiles have The experiences gained with the ITM-TF and shown good agreement between models and EUFORIA have brought the hosting of Chalmers experiments. e-Science Centre (CheSC) to the department. Momentum transport is important for Vpol generating transport barriers in tokamaks. Most km/s JET 69454 recently our model has been upgraded to account 40 for the effect of sheared flows on the correlation Figure 1. The poloidal momentum ITG strong spin-up at the Internal Transport length leading to good results for the experiments 20 Barrier in JET discharge 69454 on stiffness with rotation at JET. ITG stable Flux of pol rot as simulated with our model. Both Resistive Wall Mode control is important for location and strength agree with 0 the long pulse operation of several fusion devices. the experiment. A similar poloidal Neoclassic -20 Turbulent Investigations of the RWM control methods are spin-up is associated with the edge transport barrier in our simulations. Flux of tor rot performed via numerical modelling. Feedback Non-local and electromagnetic -40 stabilization (MARS-F code), rotational stabi effects are important. Four channels 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 r/a lization (MARS-K code), the effect of realistic were simulated simultaneously. conducting structures (CarMa code) are investi gated for tokamak and RFP geometries. This work is performed in collaboration with Adjunct professor Yueqiang Liu, CCFE (UK). The research group participates in several international collaborations: JET (Joint European Torus) in UK, MHD and Transport topical groups within the ITPA (International Tokamak Figure 2. Contour plot of Physics Activities) and the EU Transport Topical background ion density Group (TTG). We also have several theory fluctuations in the non-linear related bi-lateral collaborations. saturated state, obtained from GENE turbulence simulations of JET discharge 67730 at mid-radius.

19 Onsala Space Observatory Onsala Space Observatory is the Swedish National Facility for Radio Astronomy. The observatory operates two telescopes in Onsala, a 25 m diameter cm-wave telescope and a 20 m diameter mm-wave telescope, and is one of three partners in the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX), a 12 m diameter submillimetre-wave telescope in Chile. It also provides Director the channel through which Sweden is involved in large international radio Hans Olofsson astronomy projects, such as EVN (European VLBI Network), LOFAR (Low Frequency Array), ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array), and SKA (Square Kilometre Array).

Staff The operation of the observatory is Per Bergman financed by the Swedish Research Per Björklund Council and Chalmers University of Tobia Carozzi (Aug-) Technology. A new contract between Simon Casey the two parties was signed in 2010. Robert Cumming (Aug-) According to this, geoscience, as well Lars Eriksson as radio astronomy, activities are Roger Hammargren an official part of the observatory’s Leif Helldner mission. Previously, the geoscience Christer Hermansson activities were performed on a “best Karl-Åke Johansson effort” basis. Jan Karaskuru Ulf Kylenfall As a result of the positive evalua Mikael Lerner tion of the activities at the observatory Michael Lindqvist made by the Swedish Research Council Onsala Space Observatory, with the field where the LOFAR station is being Lars Lundahl in 2009, the annual operations budget installed (lower right). Closer to the sea: the radome housing the 20 m telescope, and the 25 m telescope. Credit: OSO/Västkustflyg. Håkan Millqvist has increased. This has facilitated an Sebastien Muller increase in personnel to strengthen Michael Olberg the outreach activities, the observatory’s role as a Early in the year, a position as Professor Henrik Olofsson resource centre for Nordic researchers wishing to in observational radio astronomy and Deputy Hans Olofsson use ALMA, and the research with LOFAR and Director of Onsala Space Observatory was Miroslav Pantaleev SKA (a planned very large international radio advertised. Six applicants were evaluated by an Lars Pettersson telescope). international expert committee and the position Fredrik Schöier was offered to John Conway, who started on Lars Wennerbäck The geodesy VLBI observations with the 20 m telescope have been very successful during October 1. Staff shared with a number of years. In 2010, the Onsala VLBI research groups station was recognized by the IVS (International Activities in Onsala John Conway VLBI Service) Network Coordinator for its fine The installation of a LOFAR station has started Rüdiger Haas performance. In particular, for being the top in Onsala, and will be completed during 2011. Cathy Horellou performing IVS station in 2008 and 2009 (of LOFAR is a large radio astronomical interfero Carina Persson 35 stations). meter for frequencies below 250 MHz, consisting Hans-Georg Scherneck of thousands of simple antennas distributed Magnus Thomasson over several European countries. Instead of A majority of the Group mechanically pointing the antennas towards for Advanced Receiver different radio sources in the sky, the signals Development (p. 11) from the antennas are sent to a central processor, is also part of the observatory. where they are digitally combined to mimic a more conventional antenna. The project is led by ASTRON in the Netherlands. The LOFAR station in Onsala will consist of 192 antennas, and will increase LOFAR’s angular resolution considerably. It will observe, e.g. distant galaxies and supernovae. The development of real-time e-VLBI (elec- tronic VLBI) continues through NEXPReS, an th The 25 m telescope at the observatory. EU project within the 7 framework programme,

20 The outreach activities have continued with, among other things, school classes and other groups visiting the observatory, and participation in the Science festival in Gothenburg.

APEX and ALMA The observatory’s Group for Advanced Receiver Development (GARD) has, in cooperation with Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in England, built a receiver for one of the ALMA observa tory’s frequency bands: 163– 211 GHz (“Band 5”). It was Four antennas of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) gaze up at evaluated by an international the star-filled night sky, in anticipation of the work that lies ahead. The Moon lights the scene on the right, while the band of the Milky Way stretches across the upper left. expert panel, which was Credit: ESO/José Francisco Salgado. impressed by the test results. The receiver, together with aiming at creating a production-level e-VLBI five more copies, will be used on six of the large service for the international scientific community. parabolic antennas of ALMA, currently under NEXPReS is the successor of the highly success- construction in the Atacama desert in Chile. ful EXPReS project. The fourth part of the Swedish Heterodyne In June, the ALMA Regional Centre (ARC) Facility Instrument (SHFI) for spectral line node in Onsala arranged a Nordic-Baltic research radiation was delivered to the APEX telescope summer school – “Extragalactic Astronomy in in Chile. The receiver can now also be used at the ALMA Era”. It attracted approximately frequencies in the 385–500 GHz range (“Band twenty students. The programme consisted of 3”). In total, it covers several important frequency lectures, exercises and observational projects bands between 200 and 1,400 GHz. The radiation using the Onsala 20 m telescope and the Nordic to be observed with the receiver comes from Optical Telescope. In August, the ARC node, different kinds of molecules in stellar envelopes together with the Initiative for Danish Far-IR and and cosmic gas clouds. Submillimeter Astronomy, arranged a Nordic More than 40 projects were observed with workshop on ALMA first science opportuni APEX during Swedish time in 2010, using mainly ties in Copenhagen. It had more than fifty the SHFI heterodyne receiver and the LABOCA participants. In December, the ARC node and SABOCA bolometer arrays. Also used were arranged a school in Onsala on ALMA tools. Z-Spec (a broadband spectrometer for studies Fifteen single-dish projects were scheduled of high-redshift objects), ASZCA (for studies of on the 20 m telescope throughout the year. the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect), and CHAMP+ Many of them observed star formation processes, (for spectral line observations). In addition, five for example molecular outflows. There were projects for commissioning of the new SHFI Victor Belitsky, head of also several projects studying maser emission: Band 3 receiver were carried out. The projects GARD, with the ALMA Band 5 receiver. methanol masers related to star formation and covered a wide range of topics – from SiO masers in a nova and in envelopes of stars in Solar system studies to cosmology. late stages of their evolution (AGB stars). Other Some more specific topics were, projects concentrated on the interstellar medium e.g., molecules in a comet, the and astrochemistry. atmosphere of Mars, the planet-disk In addition, the 20 m telescope was used for system around a nearby star, star VLBI observations by both the astronomical and formation processes, AGB stars, geodetical communities, and the 25 m telescope astrochemistry, dust in galaxies, was used for astronomical VLBI observations. gamma-ray sources, active galaxies, An astronomical e-VLBI highlight was Target galaxy clusters, and submillimetre of Opportunity observations of a black hole galaxies. candidate in the Milky Way, which led to the detection of radio emission from the source. The results were published in The Astronomer’s Telegram.

21 Publications The list includes work that was actually published during 2010. The publications are presented for each research group and ordered alphabetically based on the first author´s last name. Peer reviewed journals are listed first followed by other types of publications. A few publications with authors from more than one research group are listed in each group. In order to have a list of a reasonable size, we have excluded posters, abstracts, and short summaries from conferences and workshops. PhD and licentiate theses are presented on page 10. A complete list for 2010, in most cases including also links to the full papers, can be found at: publications.lib.chalmers.se/cpl/lists/publications/departments.

Eriksson, P.; Rydberg, B.; Johnston, M.; Murtagh, D.P.; et al. (2010). Diurnal variations of humidity and ice water content in the tropical uppermost troposphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11519– 11533. Holl, G.; Buehler, S.A.; Rydberg, B.; et al. (2010). Collocating satellite-based radar and radiometer measurements – methodology Advanced Receiver Development and usage examples. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 693–708. Peer reviewed journal publications Orsolini, Y.J.; Urban, J.; Murtagh, D.P.; Lossow, S.; et al. (2010). Descent from the polar mesosphere and anomalously high Dochev, D.; Monje, R.; Vassilev, V.; Belitsky, V. (2010). stratopause observed in 8 years of water vapor and temperature Superconducting IF biasing circuit for low-noise cryogenic satellite observations by the Odin sub-millimeter radiometer. J. applications. J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 234, 042007. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 115. Dochev, D.; Pavolotsky, A.; Lai, Z.; Belitsky, V. (2010). The Mills, G.; Hayes, F.; Simpson, D.; et al. (2010). Evidence of influence of aging and annealing on the properties of Nb/Al-AlOx/ widespread effects of ozone on crops and (semi-)natural vegetation Nb tunnel junctions. J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 234, 042006. in Europe (1990–2006) in relation to AOT40 – and flux-based risk de Graauw, T.; Helmich, F.P.; Phillips, T.G.; … Belitsky, V.; … maps. Glob. Change Biol., 17, 592–613. Liseau, R.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). The Herschel-Heterodyne Vieno, M.; Dore, A.J.; Stevenson, D.S.; … Simpson, D.; et al. Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI). Astron. Astrophys. 518, L6+. (2010). Modelling surface ozone during the 2003 heat-wave in the Book chapters, conference papers, etc UK. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7963–7978. Belitsky, V. (2010). ALMA Band 5 receiver cartridge cold cartridge Book chapters, conference papers, etc assembly. Science with ALMA band 5 (163-211 GHz), Workshop. Brohede, S. (2010). Odin håller ett öga på atmosfären. Populär Belitsky, V.; Billade, B.; Desmaris, V.; Dochev, D.; Fredrixon, Astronomi, 11, 20–22. M.; Ferm, S-E.; Johnsen, G.; Lapkin, I.; Meledin, D.; Nyström, Murtagh, D.P. (2010). Infrared and far infrared radiation in the O.; Pavolotsky, A.; Rashid, H.; Sundin, E.; Strandberg, M. (2010). analysis of atmospheric components. The 35th Intl. Conf. on Infrared, Design and performance of ALMA band 5 receiver cartridge. Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW–THz 2010). The 35th Intl. Conf. on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW–THz 2010). Urban, J.; Gerber, D. (2010). STEAM retrieval study 2007–2009. Gothenburg: Chalmers University of Technology. Final report. Lapkin, I.; Belitsky, V.; Zinchenko, I. (2010). Matrix 4-element sis receiver of the 3mm wavelength range for the RT-22 telescope. The 7th Intl. Kharkov Symp. on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves (MSMW’2010). Nyström, O.; Rashid, H. Billade, B.; Sundin, E.; Fredrixon, M.; Johnsen, G.; Lapkin, I.; Meledin, D.; Strandberg, M.; … Pavolotsky, A.; Desmaris, V.; Belitsky, V.; et al. (2010). Integrated Setup for THz Receiver Characterization. Proc. of the 21st Intl. Symp. on Space Terahertz Technology, Oxford, U.K., P6, 374–378. Rashid, H.; Desmaris, V.; Belitsky, V. (2010). Design and simulations Non-Linear Electromagnetics of a micromachined Golay-cell based THz sensors for room Peer reviewed journal publications temperature imaging applications. The 35th Intl. Conf. on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW–THz 2010), 1–2. Anderson, D.; Desaix, M.; Lisak, M.; Rasch, J. (2010). Galerkin approach to approximate solutions of some nonlinear oscillator equations. Am. J. Phys., 78, 920–924. Buyanova, M.; Semenov, V.E.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Influence of secondary emission yield on the saturation properties of multipactor discharges between two parallel metal plates. Phys. Plasmas, 17, 043504. Cattani, F.; Kim, A.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M. (2010). Co- propagating Bose-Einstein condensates and electromagnetic radiation: formation of mutually localized structures. J. Phys. B-At. Global Environmental Measurements and Mol. Opt., 43, 085301. Modelling Cattani, F.; Geyko, V.; Kim, A.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M. (2010). Peer reviewed journal publications Interacting laser and Bose-Einstein-condensate atomic beams: Buehler, S.A.; John, V.O.; Kottayil, A; ... Eriksson, P. (2010). Mutual guiding structures. Phys. Rev. A., 81, 043623. Efficient radiative transfer simulations for a broadband infrared Kossyi, I.A.; Lukyanchikov, G.S.; Semenov, V.E.; … Anderson, radiometer – combining a weighted mean of representative D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Electrical breakdown in space-borne frequencies approach with frequency selection by simulated microwave equipment. Europhysics News, 41, 10. annealing. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 111, 602–615.

22 Kossyi, I.A.; Lukyanchikov, G.S.; Semenov, V.E.; ... Anderson, D.; City industrial areas during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. J. Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Experimental and numerical investigation Geophys. Res-Atmos., 115, D08301. of multipactor discharges in a coaxial waveguide. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 43, 345206. Book chapters, conference papers, etc

Lilley, M.; Breizman, B.N.; Sharapov, S.E. (2010). Effect of Hidalgo, S.; Bourquin, J.; Palacios, P.; Arellano, S.; Galle, B.; et al. dynamical friction on nonlinear energetic particle modes. Phys. (2010). Identificación de los distintos escenarios eruptivos potenciales Plasmas, 17, 092305. del volcán Tungurahua, usando la sismicidad y los flujos de SO2. I Rasch, J.; Anderson, D.; Johansson, J.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Aplicadas al Conocimiento de los Microwave multipactor breakdown between two cylinders. IEEE T. Riesgos Naturales y Antrópicos (First National Conf. on Sciences of Plasma Sci., 38, 1997–2005. Natural and Anthropogenic Risks). November 24–26, 2010, Santa Elena, Ecuador. Rasch, J.; Semenov, V. E.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). On the microwave breakdown stability of a spherical hot spot in air. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 43, 325204. Semenov, V.; Buyanova, M.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Multipactor in microwave transmission systems using quadrature phase-shift keying. IEEE T. Plasma Sci., 38, 915–922. Semenov, V.E.; Zharova, N. A.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Simulations of multipactor in circular waveguides. Phys. Plasmas, 17, 123503. Radar Remote Sensing Book chapters, conference papers, etc Peer reviewed journal publications Hansson, T.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Quasi-Linear Bonnedal, M.; Christensen, J.; Carlstrom, A.; Berg, A. (2010). evolution and saturation of the modulational instability of partially Metop-GRAS in-orbit instrument performance. GPS Solut., 14, coherent optical waves. The 2nd Intl. Conf. Nonlinear Waves 109–120. – Theory and Applications. June 26–29, 2010 Beijing, China. Eriksson, L.E.B.; Borenäs, K.; Dierking, W.; Berg, A.; et al. (2010). Lilley, M.; Lisak, M.; Breizman, B.N.; et al. (2010). Nonlinear Evaluation of new spaceborne SAR sensors for sea-ice monitoring in evolution of beam driven waves on MAST. IAEA Fusion Energy the Baltic Sea. Can. J. Remote Sens., 36, S56–S73. Conf. October 11–16, 2010, Daejon, South Korea. Santoro, M.; Fransson, J.E.S.; Eriksson, L.E.B.; Ulander, L.M.H. Nyqvist, R.; Sharapov, S.E.; Lisak, M. (2010). Radiative damping of (2010). Clear-cut detection in Swedish boreal forest using multi- low shear toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes. 37th EPS Conf. on Plasma temporal ALOS PALSAR backscatter data. IEEE J. Sel. Top. App., Physics. June 21–25, 2010, Dublin, Ireland, P4.152. 3, 618–631. Rasch, J.; Anderson, D.; Johansson, J.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Santoro, M.; Wegmuller, U.; Askne, J. (2010). Signatures of Multipactor breakdown in open two-wire transmission lines. 32nd ERS-Envisat interferometric SAR coherence and phase of short ESA Antenna Workshop on Antennas for Space Applications, vegetation: An analysis in the case of maize fields. IEEE Trans. Geo. ESTEC. October 5–8, 2010, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Rem. Sens., 48, 1702–1713. Rasch, J.; Anderson, D.; Lisak, M.; et al. (2010). Thermal stability of Vu, V.T.; Sjögren, T.K.; Pettersson, M.I.; … Ulander, L.M.H.; et al. a plasma in a homogeneous microwave field in air. 37th EPS Conf. on (2010). RFI suppression in ultrawideband SAR using adaptive line Plasma Physics. June 21–25, 2010, Dublin, Ireland, P1.316. enhancer. IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 7, 694–698. Vu, V.T.; Sjogren, T.K.; Pettersson, M.I.; ... Ulander, L.M.H. (2010). Detection of moving targets by focusing in UWB SAR-theory and experimental results. IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 48, 3799–3815.

Book chapters, conference papers, etc Berg, A.; Eriksson, L.E.B. (2010). Evaluation of a sea ice algorithm for SAR data from the Bay of Bothnia. Proc. of the third international workshop SeaSAR 2010. January 25–29, 2010, Frascati, Italy. ESA SP-679. Optical Remote Sensing Berg, A.; Eriksson, L.E.B. (2010). Evaluation of sea ice Peer reviewed journal publications concentration algorithm for SAR data from the Bay of Bothnia. Proc. Andersen, J.K.; Boldrin, A.; Samuelsson, J.; et al. (2010). of the ESA living planet symp. June 28–July 2, 2010, Bergen, Norway. Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from windrow composting of garden waste. J. Environ. Qual., 39, 713–724. Carvajal, G.; Eriksson, L.E.B.; Kononov, A.; et al. (2010). Operational retrieval of sea-surface dynamics from SAR data for Galle, B.; Johansson, M.E.B.; Rivera, C.; Zhang, Y.;… ; Arellano, safety and security. Proc. of the third international workshop SeaSAR S.; et al. (2010). Network for Observation of Volcanic and 2010. January 25–29, 2010, Frascati, Italy, ESA SP-679. Atmospheric Change (NOVAC) – A global network for volcanic gas monitoring: Network layout and instrument description. J. Geophys. Eriksson, L.E.B.; Borenäs, K.; Dierking, W.; Berg, A.; et al. (2010). Res-Atmos., 115, D05304. Improved sea ice monitoring for the Baltic Sea – project summary. Proc. of the third international workshop SeaSAR 2010. January de Laat, A.T.J.; Gloudemans, A.M.S.; Schrijver, H.; … ; Mellqvist, 25–29, 2010, Frascati, Italy. ESA SP-679. J.; Strandberg, A.; et al. (2010). Validation of five years (2003–2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground- Eriksson, L.E.B.; Borenäs, K.; Dierking, W.; Berg, A.; et al. (2010). based spectrometer observations. Atmospheric Measurement Evaluation of multi-polarization SAR data at L-, C- and X-band for Techniques, 3, 1457–1471. sea-ice monitoring in the Baltic Sea. Proc. of the ESA living planet symp. June 28-July 2, 2010, Bergen, Norway. ESA SP-686. Mellqvist, J.; Samuelsson, J.; Johansson, J.; Rivera, C.; et al. (2010). Measurements of industrial emissions of alkenes in Texas using the Fransson, J.E.S.; Olsson, H.; Eriksson, L.E.B.; Ulander, L.M.H.; et solar occultation flux method. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos., 115, D00F17. al. (2010). K&C Science Report – Phase 1. Detection of deforestation in Swedish forest. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Earth Rivera, C.; Mellqvist, J.; Samuelsson, J.; et al. (2010). Quantification Observation Research Center (JAXA EORC), Tsukuba-shi, Japan. of NO2 and SO2 emissions from the Houston Ship Channel and Texas

23 Fransson, J.E.S.; Pantze, A.; Eriksson, L.E.B.; Soja, M.J.; et al. Brack, A.; Horneck, G.; Cockell, C.S.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). (2010). Mapping of wind-thrown forests using satellite SAR images. Origin and evolution of life on terrestrial planets. Astrobiology, 10, Proc. of the 2010 IEEE Intl. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. 69–76. (IGARSS 2010). July 25–30, 2010, Honolulu, HI, USA, 1242–1245. Bruderer, S.; Benz, A. O ; van Dishoeck, E. F.; … Bjerkeli, P.; … Kononov, A.; Ulander, L.M.H.; Eriksson, L.E.B. (2010). Design Liseau, R.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Herschel/HIFI detections of of optimum weighting functions for LFM signals. Ed. M. Crisan. hydrides towards AFGL 2591 envelope emission versus tenuous cloud Convergence and Hybrid Information Technologies, 389–412. absorption. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L44. Kononov, A. (2010). Frequency-coded signals with low sidelobes in Bujarrabal, V.; Alcolea, J.; Soria-Ruiz, R.; … Justtanont, K.; central zone of autocorrelation function. Principles of Waveform …Olofsson, H.; … Schöier, F.L.; et al. (2010). Herschel/HIFI Diversity and Design, SECTION C Waveform Design, PART I Novel observations of high-J CO transitions in the protoplanetary nebula Waveforms, 844–853. CRL 618. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L3. Santoro, M.; Wegmüller, U.; Strozzi, T.; Askne, J.; et al. (2010). Caselli, P.; Keto, E.; Pagani, L.; … Bjerkeli, P.; … Liseau, R.; … Examples of thematic mapping with ERS-Envisat tandem cross- Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Water vapor toward starless cores: The interferometry. Proc. of Fringe 2009 Workshop, ESA-ESRIN. Herschel view. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L29. November 30–December 4, 2009, Frascati, Italy, ESA SP-677. Castro-Carrizo, A.; Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Neri, R.; … Schöier, F.L.; Scipal, K.; Arcioni, M.; Chave, J.; … Ulander, L.M.H.; et al. (2010). … Olofsson, H.; Lindqvist, M.; et al. (2010). Mapping the 12CO J = The BIOMASS mission – an ESA Earth Explorer candidate to 1-0 and J = 2-1 emission in AGB and early post-AGB circumstellar measure the biomass of the Earth’s forests. Proc. of the 2010 IEEE envelopes. I. The COSAS program, first sample. Astron. Astrophys., Intl. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS 2010). July 523, A59. 25–30, 2010, Honolulu, HI, USA, 52–55. Ceccarelli, C.; Bacmann, A.; Boogert, A.; … Liseau, R.; Olberg, Soja, M.J.; Sandberg, G.; Ulander, L.M.H. (2010). Topographic M.; et al. (2010). Herschel spectral surveys of star-forming regions. correction for biomass retrieval from P-band SAR data in boreal Overview of the 555-636 GHz range. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L22+. forests. Proc. of the 2010 IEEE Intl. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Cernicharo, J.; Waters, L.B.F.M.; Decin, L.; … Liseau, R.; et al. Symp. (IGARSS 2010). July 25–30, 2010, Honolulu, HI, USA 4776– (2010). A high-resolution line survey of IRC+10216 with Herschel/ 4779. HIFI First results: Detection of warm silicon dicarbide (SiC2). Ulander, L.M.H.; Frölind, P-O.; Gustavsson, A.; et al. (2010). Astron. Astrophys., 521, L8. Fast factorized back-projection for bistatic SAR processing. Proc. Chavarría, L.; Herpin, F.; Jacq, T.; … Bjerkeli, P.; … Liseau, R.; … of European Conf. on Synthetic Aperture Radar. June 7–10, 2010, Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Water in massive star-forming regions: HIFI Aachen, Germany, 1002–1005. observations of W3 IRS5. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L37+. Comito, C.; Schilke, P.; Rolffs, R.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). Herschel observations of deuterated water towards Sgr B2(M). Astron. Astrophys., 521, L38+. Costagliola, F.; Aalto, S. (2010). Vibrationally excited HC3N in NGC 4418. Astron. Astrophys., 515, 71–79. NASA/JPL-Caltech/Harvard-Smithsonian CfA Decin, L.; Justtanont, K.; de Beck, E.; … Schöier, F.L.; … Olofsson, H.; et al. (2010). Water content and wind acceleration in the envelope Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics and the Swedish around the oxygen-rich AGB star IK Tauri as seen by Herschel/HIFI. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L4. National Facility for Radio Astronomy Peer reviewed journal publications Dvorak, R.; Pilat-Lohinger, E.; Bois, E.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). Dynamical habitability of planetary systems. Astrobiology, 10, Aalto, S.; Beswick, R.; Jutte, E. (2010). (CO)-C-13 1-0 imaging of the 33–43. Medusa merger, NGC 4194 Large scale variations in molecular cloud properties. Astron. Astrophys., 522, A59. Eiroa, C.; Fedele, D.; Maldonado, J.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). Cold DUst around NEarby Stars (DUNES). First results A resolved Alibert, Y.; Broeg, C.; Benz, W.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). Origin exo-Kuiper belt around the solar-like star zeta(2) Ret. Astron. and formation of planetary systems. Astrobiology, 1, 19–32. Astrophys., 518, L131. 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Gas Stellar aspects of habitability-characterizing target stars for in the protoplanetary disc of HD 169142: Herschel’s view. Astron. terrestrial planet-finding missions. Astrobiology, 10, 103–112. Astrophys., 518, L124. Kaltenegger, L.; Selsis, F.; Fridlund, M.; … Liseau, R.; et al. Menten, K.M.; Wyrowski, F.; Alcolea, J.; … Justtanont, K.; … (2010). Deciphering spectral fingerprints of habitable exoplanets. Olofsson, H.; … ; Schöier, F.L.; … ; Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Astrobiology, 10, 89–102. Herschel/HIFI deepens the circumstellar NH3 enigma. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L7. van Kempen, T.A.; Kristensen, L.E.; Herczeg, G.J.; … Bjerkeli, P.; … Liseau, R.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Origin of the hot gas in Mookerjea, B.; Giesen, T.; Stutzki, J.; … Persson, C.M.; … Black, J.H.; et al. (2010). Excitation and abundance of C-3 in star forming

25 cores Herschel/HIFI observations of the sight-lines to W31C and Rolffs, R.; Schilke, P.; Comito, C.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). W49N. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L13. Reversal of infall in SgrB2(M) revealed by Herschel/HIFI observations of HCN lines at THz frequencies. Astron. Astrophys., Neufeld, D.A.; Goicoechea, J.R.; Sonnentrucker, P.; Black, John 521, L46. H.; … Persson, Carina M.; et al. (2010). Herschel/HIFI observations of interstellar OH+ and H2O+ towards W49N: a probe of diffuse Romeo, A.; Burkert, A.; Agertz, O. (2010). A Toomre-like stability clouds with a small molecular fraction. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L10. criterion for the clumpy and turbulent interstellar medium. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 407, 1223–1230. Neufeld, D.A.; Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.;Melnick, G.; … Justtanont, K.; … Olofsson, H.; … Schöier, F.L.; et al. (2010). Discovery of water Rushton, A.; Spencer, R.; Fender, R.; Pooley, G. (2010). Steady vapour in the carbon star V Cygni from observations with Herschel/ jets from radiatively efficient hard states in GRS 1915+105. Astron. HIFI. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L5. Astrophys., 524, A29. Neufeld, D.A.; Sonnentrucker, P.; Phillips, T.G.; … Black, J.H.; Sakamoto, K.; Aalto, S; Evans, A.S.; et al. (2010). Vibrationally … Persson, C.M.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). Strong absorption by excited HCN in the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 4418. Astrophys. interstellar hydrogen fluoride: Herschel/HIFI observations of the J. Lett., 725, L228–L233. sight-line to G10.6–0.4 (W31C). Astron. Astrophys., 518, 108. Schinnerer, E.; Weiss, A.; Aalto, S.; et al. (2010). Multi-transition Nilsson, R.; Liseau, R.; Brandeker, A.; Olofsson, G.; … Bergman, study of M51’s molecular gas spiral arms. Astrophys. J., 719, 1588– P.; et al. (2010). Kuiper belts around nearby stars. Astron. Astrophys., 1601. 518, A40. Schneider, J.; Leger, A.; Fridlund, M.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). Nisini, B.; Benedettini, M.; Codella, C.; … Liseau, R.; … The far future of exoplanet direct characterization. Astrobiology, 10, Bjerkeli, P.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Water cooling of shocks 121–126. in protostellar outflows Herschel-PACS map of L1157. Astron. Sibthorpe, B.; Vandenbussche, B.; Greaves, J.S.; … Liseau, R.; Astrophys., 518, L120. et al. (2010). The Vega debris disc: A view from Herschel. Astron. Astrophys., 518, L130. Sonnentrucker, P.; Neufeld, D.A.; Phillips, T.G.; … Black, J.H.; … Persson, C.M.; et al. (2010). Detection of hydrogen fluoride absorption in diffuse molecular clouds with Herschel/HIFI: an ubiquitous tracer of molecular gas. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L12. Struve, C.; Conway, J. (2010). An HI absorbing circumnuclear disk in Cygnus A. Astron. Astrophys., 513, A10. van der Tak, F.F S.; Marseille, M.G.; … Liseau, R.; … Bjerkeli, P.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Water abundance variations around high-mass protostars: HIFI observations of the DR21 region. Astron. Astrophys., 518, L107+. Thi, W.F.; Mathews, G.; Menard, F.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). NRAO/AUI Herschel-PACS observation of the 10 Myr old T Tauri disk TW Hya Constraining the disk gas mass. Astron. Astrophys., 518, L125. Olofsson, H.; Maercker, M.; Eriksson, K.; ... Schöier, F.L. (2010). High-resolution HST/ACS images of detached shells around carbon Vandenbussche, B.; Sibthorpe, B.; Acke, B.; … Liseau, R.; et al. stars. Astron. Astrophys., 515, A270. (2010). The beta Pictoris disk imaged by Herschel PACS and SPIRE. Astron. Astrophys., 518, L133. Olsson, E.; Aalto, S.; Thomasson, M.; et al. (2010). Star-formation in the central kpc of the starburst/LINER galaxy NGC 1614. Astron. Vassilev, V.; Wadefalk, N.; Kozhuharov, R.; … Pantaleev, M.; et al. Astrophys., 513, A11. (2010). MMIC-based components for MM-wave instrumentation. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 20, 578–580. Parra, R.; Conway, J.; Aalto, S.; et al. (2010). Cola. III. Radio detection of active galactic nucleus in compact moderate luminosity Vastel, C.; Ceccarelli, C. Caux, E.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). infrared galaxies. Astrophys. J., 720, 555–568. Ortho-to-para ratio of interstellar heavy water. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L31. Perez-Gonzalez, P.G.; Egami, E.; Rex, M.; … Johansson, D.; … Horellou, C.; et al. (2010). Improving the identification of high-z Wampfler, S.F.; Herczeg, G.J.; Bruderer, S.; … Bjerkeli, P.; … Herschel sources with position priors and optical/NIR and FIR/mm Liseau, R.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Herschel observations of the photometric redshifts. Astron. Astrophys., 518, L15. hydroxyl radical (OH) in young stellar objects. Astron. Astrophys., 521, L36+. Persson, C.M.; Black, J.H.; Cernicharo, J.; et al. (2010). Nitrogen hydrides in interstellar gas Herschel/HIFI observations towards van der Werf, P.P.; Isaak, K.G.; Meijerink, R.; … Aalto, S.; et al. G10.6–0.4 (W31C). Astron. Astrophys., 521, L45. (2010). Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Markarian 231. Astron. Astrophys., 518, Persson, C.M.; Maoli, R.; Encrenaz, P.; … Hjalmarson, Å.; Olberg, L42. M.; Rydbeck, G.; et al. (2010). The first spectral line surveys searching for signals from the dark ages. Astron. Astrophys., 515, Wirström, E.; Bergman, P.; Black, J.H.; Hjalmarson, Å.; … ; A72. Olofsson, A.O.H.; Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Ground-state ammonia and water in absorption towards Sgr B2. Astron. Astrophys., 522, Pinte, C.; Woitke, P.; Menard, F.; … Liseau, R.; et al. (2010). The A19, 1–9. Herschel view of GAS in Protoplanetary Systems (GASPS). First comparisons with a large grid of models. Astron. Astrophys., 518, Wyrowski, F.; van der Tak, F.; Herpin, F.; … Liseau, R.; … Bjerkeli, L126. P.; … Olberg, M.; … Black, J.H.; et al. (2010). Variations in H_2O^+/H_2O ratios toward massive star-forming regions. Astron. Qin, S. L.; Schilke, P.; Comito, C.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Astrophys., 521, L34+. Herschel observations of EXtra-Ordinary Sources (HEXOS): detecting spiral arm clouds by CH absorption lines. Astron. Yildiz, U.A.; van Dishoeck, E.F.; Kristensen, L.E.; … Bjerkeli, P. … Astrophys., 521, L14. Liseau, R.; … Olberg, M.; et al. (2010). Herschel/HIFI observations of high-J CO lines in the NGC 1333 low-mass star-forming region. Rex, M.; Rawle, T.D.; Egami, E.; … Horellou, C.; Johansson, D.; Astron. Astrophys., 521, L40+. et al. (2010). The far-infrared/submillimeter properties of galaxies located behind the bullet cluster. Astron. Astrophys., 518, L13.

26 Book chapters, conference papers, etc Haas, R.; Sekido, M.; Hobiger, T.; et al. (2010). Ultra-rapid DUT1- Beaudoin, C; Kildal, P-S.; Yang, J.; Pantaleev, M.; et al. (2010). On- observations with E-VLBI. Artificial Satellites, 45, 75–79. going work with the cryogenic Eleven antenna at the MIT Haystack Hill, E.M.; Davis, J.L.; Tamisiea, M.E.; Lidberg, M. (2010). Observatory. Intl. workshop on phased array antenna systems for Combination of geodetic observations and models for glacial isostatic radio astronomy, Brigham Young University. May 3–5, 2010, Provo, adjustment fields in Fennoscandia. J. Geophys. Res., 115, 07403+12. UT, USA. Jarlemark, P.O.J.; Emardson, T.R.; Johansson, J.M.; Elgered, G. Beaudoin, C.; Kildal, P-S.; Yang, J.; Pantaleev, M. (2010). (2010). Ground-based GPS for validation of climate models: The Development of a compact Eleven feed cryostat for the Patriot 12m impact of satellite antenna phase center variations. IEEE T. Geosci. antenna. 6th IVS (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and astrometry) Remote., 48, 3847–3854. gen. meeting. February 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia. Lidberg, M.; Johansson, J.M.; Scherneck, H-G.; et al. (2010). Recent Björklund, P.; Kylenfall, U. (2010). General purpose RF synthesizer results based on continuous GPS observations of the GIA process in block and control software. ESR Resonans, (4), 16–21. Fennoscandia from BIFROST. J. Geodyn., 50, 8–18. Glasse, A.C.H.; Bauwens, E.; Bouwman, J.; … Justtanont, K.; Nilsson, T.; Haas, R. (2010). Impact of atmospheric turbulence on et al. (2010). The throughput and sensitivity of the JWST mid- geodetic very long baseline interferometry. J. Geophys. Res., 115, infrared instrument. Proc. of SPIE – The Intl. Society for Optical 1–11. Engineering. August 1–5, 2010, San Diego, CA, USA, 7731. Scherneck, H-G.; Lidberg, M.; Haas, R.; Johansson, J.; et al. (2010). Haas, R.; Elgered, G.; Löfgren, J.; Scherneck, H-G. (2010). Onsala Fennoscandian strain rates from BIFROST GPS: A gravitating, Space Observatory – IVS network station. IVS 2009 Annual Report, thick-plate approach. J. Geodyn., 50, 19–26. 113–116. Haas, R.; Pantaleev, M.; Helldner, L.; Pettersson, L.E.; Scherneck, Book chapters, conference papers, etc H-G.; Elgered, G. (2010). Onsala Space Observatory – IVS Ebenhag, S-C.; Hedekvist, P.O.; Johansson, J.M. (2010). Fiber IVS 2009 Annual Report, 304–307. Technology Development Center. based one-way time transfer with enhanced accuracy. Proc. of the Klein, B.; Kildal, P-S.; Yang, J.; Pantaleev, M.; Helldner, L. et al. 24th European Frequency and Time Forum, (EFTF). April 13–16, (2010). System noise calculations over the decade bandwidth of the 2010, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Intl. workshop on phased array antenna systems for Eleven feed. Garcia Espada, S.; Haas, R.; Colomer Sanmartin, F. (2010). radio astronomy, Brigham Young University. May 3–5, 2010, Provo, Application of ray-tracing through the high resolution numerical UT, USA. weather model HIRLAM for the analysis of European VLBI data. Liseau, R. (2010). Darwin in the context of cosmic vision 2015–2025. Proc. of the 6th IVS general meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy ASP, 430, 219. and astronomy). February 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 232–236. Lundgren, A.; Rabanus, D.; Güsten, R.; … Olofsson, H.; … Bergman, P.; et al. (2010). APEX: Five years of operations. Proc. of Haas, R.; Bergstrand, S. (2010). COLDMAGICS – Continuous Local SPIE – The Intl. Society for Optical Engineering. August 1–5, 2010, Deformation Monitoring of an Arctic Geodetic Fundamental Station. San Diego, CA, USA, 7737. Proc. of the 6th IVS General Meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and astronomy). February 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Persson, C.M.; Hjalmarson, Å. (2010). Molekyler berättar om 118–122. Universum; Onsala rymdobservatorium firar 60-årsjubileum 2009. Kosmos, 31–64. Haas, R.; Elgered, G.; Scherneck, H-G.; Nilsson, T. (2010). Onsala Space Observatory – IVS Analysis Center. IVS 2009 Annual Report, Pantaleev, M.; Yang, J. Kildal, P-S.; … Helldner, L.; … Haas, R. et 267–270. al. (2010). Cryogenic 2–14GHz low noise receiver for radio astronomy using Eleven feed. Gigahertz Symp. 2010. March 9–10, 2010, Lund, Haas, R.; Ning, T.; Elgered, G. (2010). Observation of long term Sweden. trends in the amount of atmospheric water vapor by space geodesy and remote sensing techniques. Proc. of the 2010 IEEE Intl. Pantaleev, M.; Yang, J.; Karandikar, Y.B.; Helldner, L.; … Haas, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS 2010). July 25–30, R.; et al. (2010). Cryogenic integration of 2–14 GHz Eleven feed 2010, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2944–2947. in wideband receiver for VLBI 2010. Proc. of the 6th IVS general meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and astrometry). February Löfgren, J.; Björndahl, Fredrik; Moore, A.; et al. (2010). 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 415–419. Tropospheric correction for InSAR using interpolated ECMWF data and GPS zenith total delay from the Southern California Integrated Tornatore, V.; Haas, R.; Maccaferri, G.; Casey, S.;et al. (2010). GPS Network. Proc. of the 2010 IEEE Intl. Geoscience and Remote Tracking of GLONASS satellites by VLBI radio telescopes. Proc. Sensing Symp. (IGARSS 2010). July 25–30, 2010, Honolulu, HI, of the 5th ESA workshop on tracking, telemetry and command USA, 4503–4506. systems for space application (TTC 2010). September 21–23, 2010, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. Löfgren, J.; Haas, R.; Johansson, J.M. (2010). High-rate local sea level monitoring with a GNSS-based tide gauge. Proc. of the 2010 Yang, J.; Pantaleev, M.; Kildal, P-S.;… Helldner, L.; et al. (2010). IEEE Intl. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS 2010). Design of cryogenic 2-14 GHz Eleven feed for reflector antennas for July 25–30, 2010, Honolulu, HI, USA, 3616–3619. future radio telescopes. Gigahertz Symp. 2010. March 9–10, 2010, Lund, Sweden. Matsuzaka, S.; Kurihara, S.; Sekido, M.; ... Haas, R.; et al. (2010). Ultra-raid dUT1 measurements on Japan-Fenoscandian baselines – Application to 24-hour sessions. Proc. of the 6th IVS general meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and astronomy). February 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 143–147. Pantaleev, M.; Yang, J. Kildal, P-S.; … Helldner, L.; … Haas, R.; et al. (2010). Cryogenic 2-14GHz low noise receiver for radio astronomy using Eleven feed. Gigahertz Symp. 2010. March 9–10, 2010, Lund, Sweden. Space Geodesy and Geodynamics Pantaleev, M.; Yang, J.; Karandikar, Y.B.; Helldner, L.; … Haas, Peer reviewed journal publications R.; et al. (2010). Cryogenic integration of 2–14 GHz Eleven feed Ebenhag, S-C.; Hedekvist, P.O.; Jarlemark, P.O.J.; … Rieck, C.; in wideband receiver for VLBI 2010. Proc. of the 6th IVS General et al. (2010). Measurements and error sources in time transfer using Meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and astronomy). February asynchronous fiber network. IEEE T. Instrum. Meas., 59, 1918–1924. 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 415–419.

27 Rieck, C.; Haas, R.; Jaldehag, R.T.K; Johansson, J.M. (2010). VLBI Book chapters, conference papers, etc and GPS-based time-transfer using Cont08 data. Proc. of the 6th IVS Guillerminet, B.; Plasencia, I.C.; Haefele, M.; … Strand, Pär; et General Meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and astronomy). al. (2010). High performance computing tools for the integrated February 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 365–369. tokamak modelling project. Fusion engineering and design, 85, Rieck, C.; Haas, R.; Jaldehag, R.T.K; Johansson, J.M. (2010). 388–393. VLBI time-transfer using CONT08 data. Proc. of the 24th European Guillerminet, B.; Iannone, F.; Imbeaux, F.; … Strand, P. et Frequency and Time Forum, (EFTF). April 13–16, 2010, Noordwijk, al. (2010). Gateway: New high performance computing facility The Netherlands. for EFDA task force on integrated tokamak modelling. Fusion Tornatore, V.; Haas, R.; Maccaferri, G.; Casey, S.; et al. (2010). engineering and design, 85, 410–414. Tracking of GLONASS satellites by VLBI radio telescopes. Proc. Mantica, P; Angioni, C.; Baiocchi B.; … Weiland, J.; et al. (2010). of the 5th ESA workshop on tracking, telemetry and command A key to improved ion core confinement in the JET tokamak: systems for space application (TTC 2010). September 21–23, 2010, Ion stiffness mitigation due to combined plasma rotation and low Noordwijk, The Netherlands. magnetic shear. 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conf. October 11–16, Tornatore, V.; Haas, R.; Molera, G.; et al. (2010). Planning of Daejon, Republic of Korea, EXC/9–2, 55. an experiment for VLBI tracking of GNSS satellites. Proc. of the Nordman, H.; Skyman, A.; Strand, P.; et al. (2010). Modelling of 6th IVS General Meeting (Intl. VLBI Service for geodesy and impurity transport experiments at the Joint European Torus. Proc. astronomy). February 7–13, 2010, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 70–74. of the 37th EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics. June 21–25, 2010, Dublin, Ireland, P1.1074. Pais, V.F.; Balme, S.; Akpangny, H.S.; ... Strand, P. (2010). Enabling remote access to projects in a large collaborative environment. Fusion engineering and design, 85, 633–636. Peeters, A.G.; Angioni, C.; Bortolon A.; … Weiland, J.; et al. (2010). Toroidal momentum transport. 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy EFDA-JET Conf. October 11–16, Daejon, Republic of Korea, OV/5–4, 22. Skyman, A.; Nordman, H.; Pär Strand; et al. (2010). Impurity Transport Theory transport in ITG and TE mode dominated turbulence. Proc. of Peer reviewed journal publications the 37th EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics. June 21–25, 2010, Dublin, Ireland, 34A. Imbeaux, F.; Lister, J.B.; Huysmans, G.T.A.; … Strand, P; et al. (2010). A generic data structure for integrated modelling of tokamak Strand, P.; Campos Plasencia, I.; Guillerminet, B.; et al. (2010). physics and subsystems. Comput. Phys. Commun., 181, 987–998. A European infrastructure for fusion simulations. Proc. of the Liu, Y.Q.; Chu, M.S.; Guo, W.F.; … Yadykin, D.; et al. (2010). 18th Euromicro conf. on parallel, distributed and network-based Resistive wall mode control code maturity: progress and specific processing (PDP 2010). February 17–19, 2010, Pisa, Italy, 460–467. examples. Plasma Phys. Contr. F., 52, 104001. Strand, P.; Coelho, R.; Coster, D.; et al. (2010). Simulation and high Mahmood, M.A.; Eriksson, A.; Weiland, J. (2010). Electromagnetic performance computing – building a predictive capability for fusion. effects on toroidal momentum transport. Phys. Plasmas, 17, 122310. Fusion engineering and design, 85, 383–387. Mantica, P; Tala, T; Ferreira, J.; … Weiland, J.; et al. (2010). Strand, P.; Skyman, A.; Nordman, H. (2010). Core transport studies Perturbative studies of toroidal momentum transport using in fusion devices. SNIC progress report 08/09. neutral beam injection modulation in the Joint European Torus: Experimental results, analysis methodology, and first principles Tala, T.; Lin Y.; Mantica, P.; … Weiland, J.; et al. (2010). JET modelling. Phys. Plasmas, 17, 092505. rotation experiments towards the capability to predict the toroidal rotation profile. 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conf. October 11–16, Weiland, J. (2010). Nonlinear condensation modes. J. Plasma Phys., Daejon, Republic of Korea, EXC/3–1, 51. 76, 487–492. Weiland, J. (2010). Plasma physics: Turbulence at a pinch. Nat. Phys., Weiland, J.; Tala, T.; Naulin, V.; et al. (2010). Simulations of the 6, 167–168. formation of a transport barrier in four channels including turbulent poloidal momentum spinup. Proc. of the 37th EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics. June 21–25, 2010, Dublin, Ireland, P1.1103.

A cutaway view of a simulated fusion plasma, showing turbulence in the fuel-ion density. Simulations are performed in a tube, following the magnetic field as it twists around the torus; the shown volume is approximated from this data. A cross-section of the so called “flux tube” has been indicated.

28 Facts and Figures

First degree and Other 2% master’s studies 7% Income (SEK 1,000) 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Research grants 80,359 79,908 68,440 62,687 59,578 Research, faculty funding 30,032 30,530 25,415 22,308 22,097 Research, First degree & master’s studies 8,154 7,162 6,596 6,149 6,788 faculty funding Research Other 2,816 1,754 2,274 2,458 2,270 25% grants Chalmers foundation 0 234 1,291 1,604 1,648 66% Total 121,361 119,588 104,016 95,206 92,381

2010

Used grants (SEK 1,000) 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Travel 3% Personnel 61,821 62,432 57,305 51,167 50,346 Investments 3% Internal overhead, IT, etc. 15,640 14,612 11,488 11,166 11,350 Other Fees (APEX, JIVE, etc.) 10,831 7,900 7,486 7,262 7,758 expenses 11% Premises 8,925 8,155 7,637 7,710 7,504 Other 13,462 16,973 11,341 7,473 7,474 Premises 8% Personnel Investments 4,148 3,561 3,008 6,573 5,119 52% Fees (APEX, Travel 4,164 3,937 4,172 3,126 2,698 JIVE, etc) Total 118,991 117,570 102,437 94,477 92,249 9% Internal overhead, 2010 IT, etc 13%

VINNOVA 1% Swedish Energy External funding (SEK 1,000) 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 ESA, ESO, CNES 5% Agency 1% Swedish Research Council 41,801 39,214 35,266 33,259 29,918 Others 7% European Community 16,391 18,798 14,752 9,786 9,936 Swedish National Space Board 10,862 11,518 10,927 10,827 8,357 Swedish National Others 5,497 4,718 3,230 3,212 7,971 Space Board The Swedish 14% Research Intl. Org. – ESA, ESO, CNES 4,168 2,977 2,410 2,911 1,888 Council Swedish Energy Agency 830 – – – – European 52% Community VINNOVA (Swedish Govt. 20% Agency for Innovation Systems) 810 2,683 1,855 2,692 1,508 Total 80,359 79,908 68,440 62,687 59,578 2010

Personnel (Dec 31) 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Professors Professors 12 9 10 10 9 Adjunct professors Doctoral Adjunct professors 5 5 5 4 4 students Associate professors/ university lecturers Associate professors/ University lecturers 10 12 12 13 14 Assistant professors Assistant professors 3 3 3 3 4

Researchers 11 12 8 8 7 Administrative Researchers Post doc 4 5 3 - - staff Research engineers 20 16 16 18 16 Post doc Technical Technical staff 12 10 10 12 16 staff Research Administrative staff 7 5 5 5 5 engineers 2010 Doctoral students 33 36 37 39 39 Total 117 113 109 112 114

29 Organisation

Local Collaboration Steering Head of Departmental Teaching Group Group Department Advisory Team Staff

Deputy Head and Administration Director of and Finance Graduate Studies

Vice Head and Director of Personnel Officer Undergraduate Studies

Onsala Space Observatory Global Radio Astronomy Environmental Optical Nonlinear The Swedish and Astrophysics Measurements Remote Sensing Electrodynamics National Facility for and Modelling Radio Astronomy

Advanced Receiver Space Geodesy Radar Remote Transport Theory Development and Geodynamics Sensing

Departmental Advisory Team The advisory team’s task is to identify and take a stand Internal representatives 2010 point on overall strategic issues that are of relevance to • Gunnar Elgered, Head of Department the long-term development of the department, and to • Camilla Andersson, Secretary support the department’s steering group in other matters • Susanne Aalto, Staff’s representative that may arise. The team met three times during 2010. • Lars Eriksson, Staff’s representative • Patrick Eriksson, Staff’s representative External representatives 2010 • Per Bjerkeli, Doctoral students’ representative • Göran Netzler, Chairman • Johan Borglin, Students’ representative • Erik Kollberg, Chalmers’ President’s representative • David Carlsson, Students’ representative • Hans Andersson, SP, Technical Research Institute of Sweden • Sven Grahn, Swedish Space Corporation • Marie Rådbo, University of Gothenburg

30 Administration and Finance The Steering Group The group supports the eight research groups The steering group handles strategic as well as as well as the Onsala Space Observatory. operational matters for the department as a whole. • Ingrid Eriksson It meets every third week. The group consists of: Head of Administration and Finance the Head of Department, the Deputy Head, the • Katarina Kaudern Vice Head, the Communications Officer, the Head Communications Officer of Administration and Finance, the Personnel Officer, the Director of the Onsala Space • Jessica Peterson Observatory and our eight research group leaders. Communications Officer • Maria Karlsson Financial Officer Teaching Staff • Camilla Andersson The teaching staff has approximately 30 members. Administrator Johan Mellqvist and Arto Heikkilä are Chairman and Vice Chairman respectively. The group has an advisory • Paula Rosell function on research and educational issues and meets Administrator 4–5 times per year. • Monica Hansen-Torvaldsson Administrator

On August 25 the staff went on a day trip to Kristineberg and Fiskebäckskil, 110 km north of Gothenburg. The day was spent at the Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, where its administrative manager told us about the centre and gave us a guided tour. Part of the day was also spent at a nearby conference centre, where we learned more about gender equality. In the evening, Roger Hammargren and Lars Wennerbäck arranged a much appreciated barbecue.

Local Collaboration Group The Local Collaboration Group is a forum for discussing all issues concerning the management of the department: appointment of staff members, matters related to the premises and general working conditions, including the work environment (physical as well as psychosocial) and gender equality. The group consist of the Head of Department, the Head of Administration and Finance, the Personnel Officer, three representatives from our unions, a work environment ombudsman and an equality ombudsman, and meets every sixth week.

31 Department of Earth and Space Sciences Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Telephone: +46 31-772 10 00 Internet: www.chalmers.se/rss