OPAF Glossary & Abbreviations, Version 2.1
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Master's Degree Thesis Report Implementation of IEC 61499
Master’s Degree Thesis Report Karthik Gopinath Sharma [email protected] September 19, 2019 Implementation of IEC 61499 Applications for Centralized Power System Protection Platform SUPERVISORS Prof. Oriol Gomis Bellmunt(UPC) Tin Rabuzin (KTH) Escola Tecnica` Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona 1 Page No. 1 Acknowledgements To InnoEnergy Master’s School for giving me two years of free and superior edu- cation in the field of Smart Grids and Renewable Energy I could ever ask for. To UPC, Barcelona and KTH, Stockholm two of the finest universities along with the best professors and friends enabling me to enjoy the journey throughout my double master’s degree. To my supervisors, Oriol Gomis Bellmunt and Tin Rabuzin, for allowing me to pursue this project as part of my master thesis and being there with me throughout the dura- tion of the Master Thesis guiding me with their knowledge and experience. To Alois Zoitl, for taking his precious time out in helping me to understand a criti- cal issue during the project. To my family, for being my support always. Page No. 2 Abstract With the onset of distributed energy resources in the electricity generation, the sce- narios for protection and automation are becoming challenging. Even with guidelines like IEC61850 which focuses on digital substations there is a big issue in terms of inte- grating systems from different vendors. On the other hand IEC 61499 is moving ahead with enabling distributed automation and control in Industrial environment. This report aims to answer if it is possible to design an IED based on IEC61850 us- ing IEC61499. -
Programmable Fieldbus Controllers 61
Programmable Fieldbus Cont rollers ŻŻ Section 2 Ż Section 3.1 Prog rammable Fieldbus Cont rollers Section 3.3 Ź PERSPECTO ® Control Panels PFC200 • Decentralized intelligence based on Prog rammable Fieldbus Cont rolle r XT R fieldbus couplers • Merging control and visualization • Maximum performance in a minimum • Programmable to IEC 61131-3 For demanding applications where the • 8.9 cm ... 38.1 cm (3.5” … 15”) space • WAGO-I/O-SYSTEM 750, modular following are critical: • High processing speed • Extreme temperature stability • Additional operating controls • Immunity to interference and (e.g., start/stop switch) impulse-voltage withstand • Based on Linux® also in • Vibration and shock resistance high-level language Cont rolle rs 3 Programmable Fieldbus Controllers 61 Page General Product Information 62 Ve rsions 63 Inte rf aces and Configurations 63 Installation Inst ructions 64 Item Numbe r Keys 65 Standa rds and Rated Conditions 65 ETHERNET TCP S S Net/IP r OFIBU R BACnet/IP IP KNX P CANopen Ethe CPU MODBU Othe rs Description Item No. IEC 60870-5 750-880 66 32-bit x x IEC 61850 ETHERNET Controller IEC 61400-25 750-881 68 750-885 70 x x Media redundancy ETHERNET Controller 32-bit 750-882 72 MODBUS RTU IEC 60870-5 32-bit x x IEC 61850 Telecontrol Controller 750-872 74 IEC 61400-25 3.2 ETHERNET TCP/IP Controller, x x MODBUS RTU 76 32-bit RS-232 750-873 PFC 32-bit x x ETHERNET Controller 750-852 78 32-bit x x KNX IP Controller 750-889 80 x x BACnet/IP Controller 750-831 82 32 Bit x x BACnet/IP Controller 750-830 84 32 Bit x BACnet MS/TP -
A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid
electronics Review A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid Jesús Lázaro 1,* , Armando Astarloa 1, Mikel Rodríguez 2, Unai Bidarte 1 and Jaime Jiménez 1 1 UPV/EHU, 48015 Bilbao, Spain; [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (U.B.); [email protected] (J.J.) 2 System-on-Chip Engineering, 48950 Erandio, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infras- tructure within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the IEC 61850 approach, which realizes interoperability among vendors. Furthermore, the latest networking solutions merge operational technologies (OTs) and informational technology (IT) traffics in the same media, such as time-sensitive networking (TSN)—standard, interoperable, deterministic, and Ethernet-based. It merges OT and IT worlds by defining three basic traffic types: scheduled, best-effort, and reserved traffic. However, TSN demands security against potential new cyberattacks, primarily, to protect real-time critical messages. Consequently, security in the smart grid has turned into a hot topic under regulation, standardization, and business. This survey collects vulnerabilities of the communication in the smart grid and reveals security mechanisms introduced by international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 62351-6 and how to apply them to time-sensitive networking. Citation: Lázaro, J.; Astarloa, A.; Keywords: IEC 62351-6; smart grid; time-sensitive networking; IEC 61950 Rodríguez, M.; Bidarte U.; Jiménez, J. A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid. 1. Introduction Electronics 2021, 10, 1881. -
IEC 62351-7 ® Edition 1.0 2017-07
This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 62351-7 ® Edition 1.0 2017-07 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD colour inside Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data and communications security – Part 7: Network and System Management (NSM) data object models INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-4442-5 Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – IEC 62351-7:2017 © IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 8 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 10 2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 10 3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 12 4 Abbreviated terms and acronyms ................................................................................... 13 5 Overview of Network and System Management (NSM) .................................................. 14 5.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 14 5.2 NSM concepts...................................................................................................... -
Smart Reconfiguration of Distribution Grids Using Agent-Based Technology
FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Smart Reconfiguration of Distribution Grids using Agent-based Technology Matheus Macedo Lopes Dissertation conducted under the Master’s in Electrical and Computers Engineering Program - Major Energy Supervisor: Prof. Vladimiro Miranda , Ph.D. Co-Supervisor: Prof. Diego Issicaba , Ph.D. July 28, 2016 © Matheus Macedo Lopes, 2016 Resumo As manobras de isolamento para reconfiguração em redes de distribuição de média tensão são tradicionalmente manuais ou dependem de decisões tomadas pelos operadores de rede. A abor- dagem proposta assume uma arquitetura onde os agentes interagem em um ambiente de rede de distribuição simulado a partir do estabelecimento de metas projetadas seguindo o paradigma de orientação mulit-agente. A aplicação é implementada de tal forma que agentes AgentSpeak in- teragem entre eles através de uma comunicação baseada em ato de fala/comunicação, bem como com um ambiente desenvolvido em linguagem JAVA. Neste contexto, esta tese propõe a modelagem e verificação de soluções baseadas em agentes para apoiar as operações de reconfiguração em redes de distribuição em nível de média tensão. A metodologia foi utilizada para apoiar as actividades dos operadores de redes de distribuição por meio de planos de restabelecimento de energia para ajudar em casos de falhas permanentes. As abordagens empregadas para arquitetura de agentes para a reconfiguração foram baseadas em modelo hierárquico e uma abordagem totalmente descentralizada. A capabilidade dos agentes foram desenvolvidas prevendo as possiveis aplicações do sistema de distribuição com foco em procedimentos de gestão des interrupções de service. As abordagens foram testadas em um ali- mentador teste trifásico do IEEE de 123 nós. -
Response Time for IEC 61499 Over Ethernet
Response Time for IEC 61499 over Ethernet Per Lindgren, Johan Eriksson, Marcus Lindner and Andreas Lindner David Pereira and Luís Miguel Pinho Luleå University of Technology CISTER / INESC TEC, ISEP Email:{per.lindgren, johan.eriksson, marcus.lindner, andreas.lindner}@ltu.se Email: {dmrpe, lmp}@isep.ipp.pt Abstract—The IEC 61499 standard provides means to specify general purpose usage. Our results are safe to the worst case, distributed control systems in terms of function blocks. The while further improvements can be obtained if the Maximum execution model is event driven (asynchronous), where triggering Transmission Unit (MTU) of general purpose (best effort events may be associated with data (and seen as a message). traffic) is controlled. In this paper we propose a low complexity implementation technique allowing to assess end-to-end response time of event We can conclude that the presented approach reduces chains spanning over a set of networked devices. In this paper we complexity of distribution (in comparison to the traditional develop a method to provide safe end-to-end response time taking SCADA approach), reduces device and network complexity both intra- and inter-device delivery delays into account. As a (does neither require complex time triggered architectures use case we study the implementation onto (single-core) ARM- like scan based PLCs, nor any dedicated network compo- cortex based devices communicating over a switched Ethernet network. For the analysis we define a generic switch model and nents/protocols), and is highly flexible (allowing network shar- an experimental setup allowing us to study the impact of network ing between real-time and best-effort devices). -
IO-Link (Single-Drop Digital Communication System) for Sensors and Actuators
5 IO-Link (Single-Drop Digital Communication System) for Sensors and Actuators 5.1. Motivation.and.Objectives.for.a.New.Technology....................... 5-1 5.2. IO-Link.Technology.......................................................................... 5-2 Purpose.of.Technology. •. Positioning.within.the.Automation. Hierarchy. •. Wiring,.Connectors,.and.Power. •. Communication. Features.of.IO-Link. •. Role.of.a.Master. •. IO-Link. Configuration. •. Mapping.to.Fieldbuses.and.System. Integration. •. Implementation.and.Engineering.Support. •. Test.and. Wolfgang Stripf Certification. •. Profiles. •. Functional.Safety. •. Standardization PROFIBUS and PROFINET Abbreviations.................................................................................................5-8 International References.......................................................................................................5-9 5.1 Motivation and objectives for a new technology Th .increased.use.of.microcontrollers.embedded.in.low-cost.sensors.and.actuators.has.provided.oppor- tunities.for.adding.diagnosis.and.configuration.data.to.support.increasing.application.requirements. Th .driving.force.for.a.new.technology.called.IO-LinkTM*.has.been.the.need.of.these.low-cost.sensors. and.actuators.to.exchange.the.diagnosis.and.configuration.data.with.a.controller.(PC.or.PLC).using.a. low-cost.digital.communication.technology.while.maintaining.backward.compatibility.with.the.cur- rent.digital.input.and.digital.output.(DI/DO).signals. Another.driving.force.is.cost.reduction.and.substitution.of.error-prone.analog.transmission.such.as. 0–10.V..Using.IO-Link.avoids.digital/analog.conversion.on.the.sensor.side.and.analog/digital.conver- sion.on.the.controller.side. In.fieldbus.concepts,.the.IO-Link.defines.a.generic.interface.for.connecting.sensors.and.actuators.to. a.Master†.unit,.which.may.be.combined.with.gateway.capabilities.to.become.a.fieldbus.remote.I/O.node. Any.IO-Link-compliant.Device‡.can.be.attached.to.any.available.interface.port.of.the.Master..Devices. -
Simulation Tool Based Structural Text Generation for Programmable Logic Controllers
Kaarle Patomäki Simulation Tool Based Structural Text Generation for Programmable Logic Controllers Thesis submitted for examination for the degree of Master of Science in Technology Turku 23.7.2020 Supervisor: Professori Kari Tammi Advisor: Juuso Kelkka Aalto University, P.O. BOX 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Abstract of master's thesis Author Kaarle Patomäki Title of thesis Simulation Tool Based Structural Text Generation for Programmable Logic Controllers Master programme Mechanical Engineering Code ENG25 Thesis supervisor Associate Professor Kari Tammi Thesis advisor(s) Juuso Kelkka, M. Sc. (Tech.) Date 23.7.2020 Number of pages 50+8 Language English Abstract Model-based design is a relatively new technique of developing software for embedded systems. It aims to reduce the cost of the software development process by generating the code from a simulation model. The code is generated automatically using a tool that is developed for this purpose. This way the errors in the system can be found and eliminated early in the development process compared to traditional software development project for embedded systems. As mentioned, the tools are at the time of this study still relatively new, and especially when considering code that has to comply with functional safety standards, the code has to fulfill certain requirements and it has to be clear enough so that it can be traced back to each function of the model. This study aims to determine how well these methods can be used with software development for embedded systems in mind. More precisely, this thesis focuses on MathWorks’ Simulink as the modelling software, and CODESYS as the coding language of the programmable logic controller and ultimately the compatibility of these with each other. -
Author Information Only
Cyber Security Practical considerations for implementing IEC 62351 Frank Hohlbaum, Markus Braendle, Fernando Alvarez ABB [email protected] Switzerland 1. Introduction Two trends are currently changing substation automation systems: IEC 61850 and the need for increased cyber security. IEC 61850 has gained global acceptance by both vendors as well as customers. Cyber security on the other hand has quickly become one of the most dominant topics for control systems in general and electrical utilities in particular. The combination of the two, securing IEC 61850 based communications, has been one of the goals of the recently published technical specification IEC 62351. In the authors‟ view IEC 62351 is overall a good starting point and will be the future standard to help secure IEC 61850 communication. However, there are some shortcomings of the current standard and some challenges that need to be addressed before IEC 62351 can be implemented and gain wide acceptance. This paper will highlight the challenge of addressing secure communication in the substation real-time environment, complying with the IEC 61850 real-time specifications. The major difficulties are to reach the performance defined in IEC 61850 for GOOSE and SV data with today‟s proposed technical specification defined for IEC 62351 part 6. In chapter 2, we will give a short overview about the structure of IEC 61850 as well as the detailed performance requirements for the various data types. Chapter 3 will present an introduction of the IEC 62351 standard including the used methods to secure the IEC 61850 communication. Chapter 4 will then show the major implementation issues of IEC 62351 part 6. -
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (Hereafter Referred to As “IEC Publication(S)”)
This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC/TS 62351-5 ® Edition 2.0 2013-04 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Power systems management and associated information exchange – Data and communications security – Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION PRICE CODE XE ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-83220-732-1 Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – TS 62351-5 © IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 6 1 Scope and object .............................................................................................................. 8 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 9 3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................... 10 4 Abbreviated terms .......................................................................................................... 11 5 Problem description (informative) ................................................................................... 11 5.1 Overview of clause ................................................................................................ 11 5.2 Specific threats addressed ................................................................................... -
Low-Cost Industrial Controller Based on the Raspberry Pi Platform
Low-cost Industrial Controller based on the Raspberry Pi platform Gustavo Mendonça de Morais Rabelo Vieira Dissertation presented to the School of Technology and Management of Bragança to obtain the Master Degree in Industrial Engineering. Work oriented by: Professor PhD Paulo Leitão Professor PhD José Barbosa Professor MsC Ulisses da Graça Bragança 2018-2019 ii Low-cost Industrial Controller based on the Raspberry Pi platform Gustavo Mendonça de Morais Rabelo Vieira Dissertation presented to the School of Technology and Management of Bragança to obtain the Master Degree in Industrial Engineering. Work oriented by: Professor PhD Paulo Leitão Professor PhD José Barbosa Professor MsC Ulisses da Graça Bragança 2018-2019 iv Dedication Este trabalho é dedicado a mulher mais trabalhadora que conheço, a quem admiro muito e me inspira imensamente desde criança, minha querida e amada avó Terezinha Mendonça de Morais, singularmente importante em minha vida. À minha mãe Janaína, à minha tia Gildete, melhores amigas que sempre me ofereceram apoio a perseverar em minhas conquistas. Aos meus queridos irmãos mais novos, Lucas e Vitor que me orgulham pelas pessoas que estão se tornando e por toda a companhia que tive o prazer de desfrutar durante o nosso crescimento. v vi Acknowledgements Agradeço a todo o apoio e suporte que tive da minha família por me proporcionar a oportunidade de chegar até aqui. Aos meus professores orientadores José Barbosa e Paulo Leitão pela rica e experiente orientação. A todos os amigos, colegas e professores que foram sumariamente importantes para o sucesso da realização deste trabalho. vii viii Abstract The low-cost automation field exhibits the need of innovation both in terms of hardware and software. -
IEC 62351 Security Standards for the Power System Information Infrastructure
IEC TC57 WG15: IEC 62351 Security Standards for the Power System Information Infrastructure Frances Cleveland, WG15 Convenor Xanthus Consulting International Contents 1. OVERVIEW: IEC TC57 WG15 SECURITY FOR POWER SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS ................... 1 2. DUAL INFRASTRUCTURES: THE POWER SYSTEM AND THE INFORMATION SYSTEM .................. 2 3. WHY CYBERSECURITY? ............................................................................................................ 3 3.1 Legacy Approach: Security by Obscurity .......................................................................... 3 3.2 Smart Grid as Cyber-Physical Systems .............................................................................. 4 4. SECURITY CONCEPTS ............................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Security Threats ............................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Security Purposes ............................................................................................................ 5 4.3 Security Processes ........................................................................................................... 6 4.4 Security Planning ............................................................................................................. 7 4.5 Security Requirements .................................................................................................... 8 4.6 Security Attacks ..............................................................................................................