Laeta (Hübner, 1790) În Fauna României László Rákosy, Gemma

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Laeta (Hübner, 1790) În Fauna României László Rákosy, Gemma Buletin de Informare Entomologică 30: 5-8, 2019 ISSN 1221-5244 print / ISSN 2668-8042 online / article no.: BIE30201901 Zygaena (Mesembrynus) laeta (Hübner, 1790) în fauna României László Rákosy, Gemma N. Villagomez Garduno & Cosmin O. Manci Rezumat: Zygaena laeta, specie rară în fauna României, este semnalată pentru prima dată din Parcul Național Munții Măcinului și alte două localități din nordul Dobrogei, dar și centrul Transilvaniei de unde nu era încă cunoscută. Se face precizarea că populațiile din vestul țării aparțin subspeciei nominotipice, iar cele din Dobrogea ssp. orientis Burgef, 1926. Pentru subspecia orientis se prezintă imaginea larvei, comparativ cu Z. punctum. Fiind o specie periclitată se propune încadrarea taxon-ului la categoria EN. Summary: Zygaena (Mesembrynus) laeta (Hübner, 1790) in the Fauna of Romania The first record ofZygaena laeta from northern Dobrogea was mentioned from the Măcin Mountains National Park and from central Transylvania from where it was not known. It is the fifth mention in Romania and the first since 1968. The populations occurring in western Romania belong to the nominotypical subspecies, while those from the south-east were assigned to the ssp. orientis Burgef, 1926. For ssp. orientis the image of the larvae is compared to Z. punctum. The species should be classified as endangered (EN) and should therefore be included in the Red List of the Romanian fauna. Zusammenfassung: Zygaena (Mesembrynus) laeta (Hübner, 1790) in der Fauna Rumäniens Für die in Rumänien seltene Art Zygaena laeta, werden neue Fundorte aus dem Norden Dobrogeas (Dobrudschas), nähmlich aus dem Nationalpark Măcin Gebirge nachgewiesen sowie für das erste mal aus der Mitte Siebenbürgens. Die Art wurde in Rumänien seit 1968 nicht mehr nachgewiesen. Die im Westen Rumäniens vorkommenden Populationen gehören zu der nominotypischen Unterart, während die aus dem Südosten der ssp. orientis Burgef, 1926 zugeordnet wurden. Die Art wird als stark gefährdet (EN) eingestuft und für die Rote Liste der Landesfauna vorgeschlagen. Cuvinte cheie: Zygaena (Mesembrynus) laeta, Romania. Introducere distribuții, populațiile din județele Satu Mare, Cluj și cele din Caraș-Severin, aparțin subspeciei Zygaena laeta este una dintre speciile rare din nominotipice (Rákosy, Goia & Kovács 2003). familia Zygaenidae din România. Până în prezent a fost semnalată de la Băile Herculane (Mehadia) Deși după de Freina & Witt (2001) arealul (Rebel 1911), Canaraua Fetii (Dobrogea de sud) subspeciei nominotipice se extinde peste Ucraina (Popescu-Gorj & Drăghia 1966, 1967), Grindul și estul Bulgariei, populațiile din Dobrogea și estul Letea (Delta Dunării) (Popescu-Gorj & Drăghia Bulgariei aparțin ssp. orientis Burgeff, 1926. Tot la 1968, Olaru & Nemes 1968) și Foieni (jud. Satu ssp. orientis aparțin și populațiile din Balcani, Grecia, Mare, pers.com Gyula Szabó). Prima semnalare de vestul Turciei și Insula Rhodos (de Freina & Witt pe teritoriul României actuale o găsim enumerarea 2001; Naumann, Tarmann & Tremewan 1999). speciilor de lepidoptere din Ungaria (Abafi-Aigner, Principalul element de diagnoză al ssp. orientis, Pável & Uhryk 1896, 1918). comparativ cu ssp. laeta, este culoarea roșie a părții dorsale a abdomenului, care se extinde uneori aproape După Popescu-Gorj (1985) populațiile din de baza toracelui. Partea ventrală a abdomenului România aparțin ssp. orientis (Burgeff 1926). rămâne neagră. Din vestul Anatoliei până în estul Turciei și de aici până în Liban este cunoscută ssp. Specia a fost descrisă după material provenit akschehirensis Reiss, 1929. din regiunea panonică a Austriei. Subspecia nominotipică, este răspândită din estul Austriei, sudul Cu ocazia unei excursii de studiu făcută cu Sloveniei, Ungaria, Serbia și bineînțeles partea de studenții Universității din Würzburg în perioada vest a României (de Freina & Witt 2001; Naumann, 31.07-9.08.2017 în nordul Dobrogei și Delta Dunării, Tarmann & Tremewan 1999). Ca urmare a acestei în data de 3.08. în drum spre Vârful Pricopan, la cca. Larvele se dezvoltă pe Eryngium campestre, dar probabil și alte specii ale genului. Este prima semnalare a speciei din nordul Dobrogei și prima semnalare din Parcul Național Munții Măcinului, deși fauna de lepidoptere a fost destul de bine studiată (Rákosy & Wieser 2000). Tot din Dobrogea, localitatea Târgușor (jud. Constanța), lângă Mănăstirea Casian, a fost găsită și fotografiată larva de Z. laeta de către C.O. Manci. Larvele de Z. laeta și Z. punctum fiind asemănătoare și confundabile, le ilustrăm comparativ (fig.4, 5). Perii larvei de Z. laeta sunt mult mai lungi decât cei de la Z. punctum. Fig. 1. Habitatul speciei spre Vârful Pricopan, Munții Măcin, N-Dobrogea, cca. 350 m 240 m altitudine (Fig. 1) am colectat un exemplar de Zygaena laeta orientis (Fig. 2, 3). Exemplarul a fost colectat cu fileul entomologic de pe inflorescența unor plante cu flori de către studenta Gemma Nydia Villagomez Garduno. Fig. 4. Larva de Zygaena laeta, 18.05.2018, Târgușor, Mănăstirea Casian, Dobrogea Fig. 2a. Zygaena laeta orientis mascul, dorsal, 3.08.2017, Vf. Pricopan, Mt. Măcin Fig. 2b. Zygaena laeta orientis mascul, ventral, 3.08.2017, Fig. 5. Larva de Zygaena punctum, 19.05. 2018, Greci, Vf. Pricopan, Mt. Măcin Dobrogea (foto C. Manci) Principala asociație vegetală specifică relieful O altă semnalare, datorată unui grup de stâncos, format în cea mai mare parte din granite, este lepidopterologi din Germania, provine de lângă Stipo ucrainicae - Festucetum valesiacae, în care pe Câmpia Turzii, unde pe data de 1.07.2018 au fost lângă graminee apar și unele plante rare precum Achillea observate și fotografiate 4 exemplare de Z. laeta (fig. ochroleuca, Centaurea napulifera, Alysum minutum, 6, fig. 7). Habitatul, situat în lunca Arieșului, este Silene compacta, Silena cserei, Dianthus nardiformis, reprezentat de pajiști mexozerofile și xerofile, parțial Campanula romanica, ș.a (Petrescu 2007). Din oferta ruderalizate (fig. 8). de nectar nu lipsesc speciile Scabiosa sp. și Centaurea sp., preferate și de speciile din familia Zygaenidae. Abia seara, după sortarea și prezentarea materialului colectat de studenți, am sesizat și realizat interesanta descoperire. 6 se pedepsește cu o amendă de 10000 forinți, adică cca. 1500 lei/exemplar (Fazekas 1998, 2002). Și în Ungaria populațiile de Z. laeta se află în declin. Mulțumiri Muțumim colegilor Jürgen Becker, Julian Bittermann și Martin Bücker din Germania pentru generozitatea cu care ne-au pus la dispoziție informațiile și fotografiile legate de Z. laeta de lângă Câmpia Turzii. Bibliografie Fig. 6. Zygaena laeta, dorsal (foto J. Becker). Abafi-Aigner L., Pável J. & Uhryk N. 1896. Fauna Regni Hungariae. Animalium Hungariae Hucusque Cognitorum Enumeratio Systematica In Memoriam Hungariae Mille Abhinc Annis Constituti. III. Arthropoda. Insecta. Ord. Lepidoptera, Királyi Magyar Természettudományi Társulat, Budapest, 82 pp. Abafi-Aigner L., Pável J., & Uhryk F. 1918. Ord. Lepidoptera, in: Fauna Regni Hungariae, 3. Arthropoda, Budapest 1-82. de Freina J.J. & Witt T. J. 2001. Die Bombyces und Sphynges der Westpalaearktis. Bd. 3. Ed. Forschung und Wissenschaft, München. Fazakas I. 1998. An annoted systematic and distribution list of the Zygaenidae of Hungary – Nachr. Bl. bayer. Ent. 47 (1/2): 2-17. Fig. 7. Zygaena laeta, copula (foto J. Becker). Fazakas I. 2002. Data to the knowledge of Hungary’s Zygaenidae fauna, No. 7, Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 15: 145-156. Naumann M. C.,Tarmann M. G. & Tremewan G. W. 1999. The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae, Apolo Books. Olaru V. & Nemes I. 1968. Contribuții la cunoașterea faunei Lepidopterelor din Pădurea Letea (III). Lucrările Șt. Inst. Pedagogic Galați 2: 197-205. Petrescu M. 2007. Dobrogea și Delta Dunării. Conservarea florei și habitatelor. Consiliul Județean Tulcea, Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale Tulcea. Popescu Gorj A., Drăghia I. 1966. Données nouvelles pour la connaissance de la faune de Lépidopteres du Fig. 8. Habitatul pentru Zygaena laeta, în lunca Arieșului Sud de la Dobrudja. Trav. Du Mus. Hist. Nat. „Gr. lângă Câmpia Turzii (foto J. Bittermann) Antipa“, Bucuresti, 6: 89-98. Popescu Gorj A., Drăghia I. 1967. Ord. Lepidoptera, in: L’Entomofaune des forets du Sud de la Dobrudja. Trav. Protecție și conservare Du Mus. Hist. Nat. „Gr.Antipa“, București, 7: 181-212. Popescu Gorj A., Drăghia I. 1968. Ord. Lepidoptera, in: Este o specie sensibilă la modificările de L’Entomofaune de l’île de Letea (Delta du Danube). mediu, rară și extrem de localizată în România. Trav. Du Mus. Hist. Nat. „Gr. Antipa“, București, 9: In regiunea Băilor Herculane, specia nu a mai fost 227-278. observată după semnalarea lui Rebel (1911), fiind Rákosy L. & Wieser C. 2000. Das Macin Gebirge considerată extinctă. Nefiind până în prezent inclusă (Rumänien, Nord-Dobrudscha). Ein durch pe vreo listă de protecție și conservare, propunem hohe Biodiversität gekennzeichnetes Refugium categoria periclitat (EN) pentru lista roșie a reliktärer Arten. Fauna und Flora, unter besonderer lepidopterelor din România. În Ungaria colectarea Berücksichtigung der Schmetterlinge und der speciei în oricare din stadiile sale de dezvoltare, Vegetationsverhältnisse. Carinthia II (190/110): 7-116. 7 Rákosy L., Goia M., & Kovács Z. 2003. Catalogul lepidopterelor României /Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Rumäniens. Societatea Lepidopterologică Română, Cluj-Napoca. Rebel H. 1911. Die Lepidopterenfauna von Herkulesbad und Orsova. Eine zoogeographische Studie. Ann. K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. 25:253-430. László Rákosy Lydia Villagomez Garduno Cosmin Ovidiu Manci Department of Taxonomy and Ecology Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter - Sat Stânca Nr. 12a, Com. Comarna Babeș-Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5-7 Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany Iași, Romania Cluj-Napoca, RO-400006, Romania E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] wuerzburg.de 8.
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