October 2003 CainozoicResearch, 2(1-2) (2002), pp. 87-107, Contributions to triviid systematics (Mollusca, Gastropoda), 6. Early Pliocene Triviidae from the western Mediterranean ² Dirk Fehse¹ & Bernard Landau 1 Nippeserslrafle 3, D-12524Berlin, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] 2 International Health Centres, Avenida Infante de Henrique, Areias Sdo Jodo, P-8200-261 Albufeira, Portugal: e-mail: [email protected] Received 30 October 2001; revised version accepted 1 November 2002 The rich Pliocene triviid faunas in four viz., Trivia Pusula and Cleotrivia from the Early (thirteen species genera, , Niveria, ) Estepona revised and recorded from elsewhere. One C.area (southern Spain) are systematically compared to Neogene assemblages species, esteponica, is described as new. KEY WORDS:: Gastropoda, Triviidae, Zanclean, Miocene-Pliocene, western Mediterranean, Italy, systematics, new taxon. Introduction BS Bellardi & Sacco collns, Torino; CS F.A. Schilder Colin, currently at Humboldt In our review of trivioid gastropods from the western Universitat, Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin; Mediterranean, we started with the family Eratoidae (Fehse DEB D. Fehse Colin, Berlin; & Landau, 2002). Like the Eratoidae, the same comments HNC Haus der Natur, Cismar; triviids. Institut des naturelles de Bel- on difficulty and controversy apply to Many of IRScNB royal Sciences these the result of problems are poor original descriptions gique, Brussels; and figures, further confused by Schilder & Schilder MCSNM Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano; (1971), who, in our opinion, reviewed much ofthe classifi- NHM The Natural History Museum, London. cationbased on the figures without having seen the actual specimens. Even Cate (1979) in his review of the family limited of the descriptions to copying the original many Systematic palaeontology data, without amplifying on the older, often incomplete or inadequate descriptions. Superfamily Trivioidea Troschel, 1863 We have adopted several of Schilder’s methods in our Family Triviidae Troschel, 1863 but describe the descriptions, attempted to conchological Subfamily Triviinae Troschel, 1863 features ofall the species fully. Several specific terms are used: dorsal rib count, characteristics of the dorsal sulcus and the formof the and anal canals siphonal (see Schilder, Genus Trivia Broderip, 1837 1933a, p. 288, text-fig. 6). The work is based on material collected at three present — Type species Cypraea europaea Montagu, 1808, by between 5.5-9 km northeast of The localities, Estepona. monotypy. deposits consist ofa variety of differentfacies, from coarse sands (Velerin Sands), representing nearshore or beach deposits, to fine clayey sands (Velerin Carretera), deposited Trivia coccinelloides (J. de C. Sowerby, 1823) at relatively greater depths and a coarse conglomerate (Velerin Conglomerates). All these deposits are of Early Figure 1/1 a-c Pliocene (Zanclean) age (Vera-Pelaez et ai, 1996, fig. 1). * 1823 J. de C. Cypraea coccinelloides Sowerby, p. 107,pi. Abbreviations— 378, fig. 1. 1843 coccinella Def. — Cypraea Nyst, p. 609, pi. 45, fig. BLP B. Landau Colin, Albufeira, Portugal; 14. -88- 1848 Mont. — 1932bTrivia coccinelloides coccinelloides Cypraea europaea Wood, p. 17, pi. 2, fig. (Sowerby, 1832) — 107. 6. Schilder, p. 1872 — 1933bTrivia coccinelloides coccinelloides — Schil- Cypraea europaea Mont. Wood, p. 5, pi. 5, fig. (Sow.) 24. der, p. 9, text-figs 2-4. — 1881 Mont. — 1941 Trivia Cypraea europaea Nyst, p. 59, pi. 5, fig. (Trivia) coccinelloides Sowerby ‘23 Schil- 2a, b. der, p. 73. 1894 Trivia — 1958 Trivia coccinelloides 1823 cocci- europaea var. coccinelloides(Sow.). Sacco, Sowerby sp. subsp. 27. nelloides — Gilbert, 2, 25a, b. p. 46, pi. 3, fig. p. 27, pi. fig. — Trivia coccinelloides Sow- 1914 Trivia sphaericulata Lamarck Harmer, p. 49, pi. 1971 (Trivia) coccinelloides 1823 — Schilder & 16. 2, figs 15, 16. erby, Schilder, p. — 1914 — 1998 Trivia C. Trivia pisolina (Lamarck) Harmer, p. 50, pi. 2, fig. (T.) coccinelloides (J. de Sowerby, 1823) 59. 17. Marquet, p. 84, fig. — 1920 Trivia — Trivia europaea (Montagu) Harmer, p. 507, pi, 45, 2001 sphaericulata (Lamarck, 1810) da Silva, p. fig. 11. 242, pi. 10, figs 4-9. Key to the genera of Triviidaefrom Estepona (Spain) 1. Shellwith dorsal sulcus 2 Shell without dorsal sulcus Trivia 2. Dorsal sulcus very narrow or crossed by ribsribs 3 Dorsal sulcus wide and smooth, the ribs forming tuberclestubercles at thethe edge Pusula 3. Shell very small, inflated; dorsal sulcus weakly developed and not extending across thethe whole dorsum Cleotrivia Dorsal sulcussulcus clearly developed, extending the whole length ofthethe dorsum,dorsum, bisecting, narrowing oror depressing the ribs Niveria Distribution — Sutton (East Anglia), Coralline Crag 5.4 mm, respectively; LAV ratio 1.21. (Wood, 1848); Walton-on-the-Naze (East Anglia), Red Crag; Antwerpen-Doel, Kallo (Belgium), ‘Scaldisien’ Description — Shell small, relatively fragile, and oval. (Nyst, 1882); Kattendijk and Lillo formations, Belgium Spire covered by callus, but visible beneath three vertical (Marquet, 1998); ‘Astigiana, Piacentino, Liguria, Piacen- riblets extending upwards from the posterior terminal. ziano ed Astiano’, Italy (Sacco, 1894); Val do Freixo Body whorl globose and rounded, equalling about 90% of (Pombal, Portugal), Lower/Middle Pliocene (da Silva, total height, with the terminalswell produced. The termi- 2001); Certaldo (Firenze, Italy), Piacenzian(DFB Colin); nals are rounded adapically, straight abapically. Dorsum Latsia, near Nicosia (Cyprus), Pliocene (BLP Colin); humped in the posterior third, completely covered by 20-26 Lucena (Huelva, Spain), Arenas de Huelva Formation, strong ribs. Base slightly convex, with the terminalsrecur- Zanclean (BLP Colin); Castellace (Italy), Siciliano Forma- ved. The aperture is narrow, strongly curved adapically and tion, Pleistocene (DFB Colin). slightly widened in the area ofthe fossula. Outer lip broad, widest in towards convex, mid-portion, becoming narrower Material studied — From the Velerin Conglomerates, 19 the terminals and tapering slightly inwards. The lip bears specimens (BLP Colin), 8 specimens (DFB Colin); from 19-23 strong, equal teeth. Siphonal and anal canals are indented. Columella Velerin Carretera, 3 specimens (BLP Colin); from the slightly weakly convex, tapering Velerin Sands, 6 specimens (BLP Colin); from Badagnano, steeply inwards, bordered internally by a strong carinal 2 specimens and from T. Stirone, 15 specimens (Piacen- ridge, bearing 18-19 ribs, which continue onto the carinal zian, Italy; BLP Colin); from Certaldo (Firenze, Piacen- ridge, where they become slightly stronger. Fossula broadly zian, Italy), 1 specimen (DFB Colin); from Kallo (Oor- concave, not clearly delimited from the rest of the colu- deren Member, Lillo Formation), 12 specimens (BLP mella. Colin) and 1 specimen (DFB Colin); from Walton-on-the- Naze (Red Crag, Pliocene), 1 specimen (DFB Colin); and Range ofvariation— This species is characterised by the from Castellace (Pleistocene), 1 specimen (DFB Colin). aperture being well to the right ofthe ventral mid-line, the fossula not delimited from the columella and the inner Measurements — Maximum length and width up to 8.2 border of the columella and fossula not covered by the and 5.5 6.5 and mm mm, respectively, but on average mm outer lip when seen in ventral view. -89- Figure 1. Triviid gastropods from the Zancleanof Estepona (Spain) (photos B. Landau) coccinelloides = la-c Trivia (J. de C. Sowerby, 1823),Velerin Sands; original size 7.1 mm (BLP Colin) 2a-c Trivia candidula(Gaskoin, 1836), Velerin Conglomerates; original size 7.8 mm (BLP Colin). 3a-c Trivia acuminata Schilder, 1932a,Velerin Conglomerates, original size = 8.0 mm (BLP Colin). 4a-c Trivia sphaericulata (Lamarck, 1810),Velerin Carretera, original size 17.1 mm (BLP Colin). 5a, b Trivia perobsoleta Sacco, 1894, VelerinConglomerates, original size = 15.6 mm (BLP Colin). -90- Figure 2. Triviid gastropods from the Zanclean of Estepona (Spain) (photos B. Landau): la-c, 2a, b Trivia frigida Schilder, 1932b, Velerin Conglomerates and Veledn Sands, respectively, original size = 6.2 mm and 6.1 mm, respectively (BLP Colin). 3a-c Niveria dimidiata (Bronn, 1831), Velerin Conglomerates, original size = 8.2 mm (BLP Colin). 4a-c Niveria permixta (de Cristofori & Jan, 1832), Velerin Conglomerates,original size = 13.8 mm (BLP Colin). avellanula Velerin = 5a-c Niveria (Sacco, 1894), Conglomerates, original size 14.1 mm (BLP Colin). 6a-c Niveria dorsolaevigata(Cocconi, 1873),Velerin Conglomerates,original size = 17.2 mm (BLP Colin). -91 - The shells vary slightly in the development of the dorsal Description — Shell small, relatively solid, and oval. Spire hump, and in the number of dorsalribs and labial teeth. covered by callus. Body whorl globose and rounded, about 90% of total height, with the terminals depressed and Discussion — Trivia coccinelloides, best known from the straight. Dorsum humped in the posterior third, completely Pliocene of the North Sea had extended covered Basin, an geo- by 22-28 strong ribs. Base very slightly convex, the the with the terminals graphical range during Early Pliocene, reaching slightly recurved. The aperture is narrow southern Atlantic Iberian coast. and strongly curved adapically. Outer lip very broad, We have also collected specimens from Zanclean deposits convex, widest in mid-portion, becoming narrower towards at Huelva, Spain, showing that it migrated through the the terminals and tapering slightly