DOCSLIB.ORG

International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews in Vitro

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews in Vitro Singh Deepak Kumar, IJSRR 2018, 7(3), 1990-2036 Review article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279–0543 International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews In Vitro Propagation of Orchids For Their Conservation: A Critical Review Deepak Kumar Singh Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Orchids are the most pampered, gorgeous and peculiar plant with implausible range of diversity. Their magnificent flower with stunning colour, glamorous shape and long lasting features make them commercially important.Inspite of having spectacular advancement in in-vitro micropropagation of orchids, problems frequently encountered have been exudation of large quantity of phenolics, choice of appropriate explants, shortage of efficient methods for seed germination, and seedling death during inoculation. All orchids have been listed in Appendix II of CITES and some even have been included in Appendix I. Present review makes an effort to bring together some recent studies on orchids via seeds, rhizomes, shoots tip, internodes, pseudobulbs, PLBs, leaves, roots, nodes as explants . These reported protocols, after initial testing their reliableability and efficiency can possibly be used for large scale mass multiplication along with ex vitro establishment of rare, threatened and endangered orchids to meet the horticultural, floricultural market demand. KEYWORDS: Protocorm like bodies, Orchids, Seed germination, Conservation, Mass propagation. *Corresponding author Deepak Kumar Singh Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] IJSRR, 7(3) July – Sep., 2018 Page 1990 Singh Deepak Kumar, IJSRR 2018, 7(3), 1990-2036 ORCHIDS: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Orchid’s flowers are one of the most beautiful, peculiar and fascinating creations of God. The term ‘Orchid’ derives its origin from the Greek word ‘Orchis’; meaning testicles 1. Owing to the shape of their pseudobulbs resembling testicles, these plants were named as orchids. The term orchid was first used by the famous Greek philosopher, Theophrastus (372-286 B.C) in his book “de Historia Plantarum”. He also highlighted therapeutic significance of orchids in his book “Enquiry into Plants” 2 . The orchid family, Orchidaceae, is one of the largest, most evolved and diverse families of flowering plants. It comprises 17000 to 35000 species belonging to 750 to 850 genera 3. About 1300 species are estimated to occur in India 3, 4. The latest estimate in terms of the numerical strength of the members of this family is expected to fall somewhere close to 20,000 species 5. A new estimate made for Appendix 2 of CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is 3 about 19,500 species . Orchids are cosmopolitan in distribution, occurring almost in all habitats including glaciers and dry desert 6,7. Their extraordinary diversity predominates in tropical and subtropical zones 6,4 . About 73% of orchids are epiphytes and rest are lithophytes, semi-terrestrial and true terrestrial 3. They use other plants (trees) merely for support and space. Monopodial (single stem) and Sympodial (multiple stems) are the two major growth patterns found among orchids. Indeterminate growth of monopodial stem produces leaves but lacks rhizome 8. Orchids belonging to this category are Phalaenopsis, Vanda sp., Vanilla sp. and so on 9,10. The sympodial orchids possess storage organs known as pseudobulbs which act as reservoirs of food and water. This habit appears as successive growth, each originating from the base of preceding one, e.g. Paphiopedium sp., Oncidium sp., Dendrobium sp., Cattleya sp., Cymbidium sp., Arundina sp., Phaius sp. and Anoectochilussp.etc.8,10. Orchids reproduce by means of seeds with pods or capsules being the fruiting body, each of which contains millions of microscopic, which disperse like spores or dust particles, contain neither endosperm nor fully differentiated embryo11-14. Despite production of seeds in large numbers, the plants produced are limited because of the low survival rate of seeds and high rate of mortality of seedlings12-16. Cotyledon, radicle and plumule are almost absent except in few species, such as, Sorbralea macrantha and Bletilla hyacynthina, which have well differentiated embryos and rudimentary cotyledons 9. MEDICINAL ORCHIDS A detailed literature survey has revealed that 209 species of orchids are used for the treatment of one or the other ailments afflicting human beings (Table 1). Tubers are the most commonly used organs for therapeutic purposes followed by whole plants, roots, pseudobulbs and rhizomes (Fig. 1). IJSRR, 7(3) July – Sep., 2018 Page 1991 Singh Deepak Kumar, IJSRR 2018, 7(3), 1990-2036 Figure 1: Parts of orchid plants used as herbals. Table1 - List of orchids used for various medicinal purposes as per quoted literature. S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Part(s) Used Ethnomedical Uses Reference(s) (E:English, H:Hindi) 1. Acampe carinata Rasna (H), Small Root, leaf The root paste is used in 17 (Griff.) Panigrahi. Warty Acampe (E) scorpion and snake bite, rheumatism and uterine diseases. 2. Aerides crispum - Whole plant Cure ear pain and deafness 18 Lindl 3. Acampe papillosa Small Warty Acampe Root It is useful in poisonous 19 (Lindli.) Lindl. (E) infections, and fever 4. Acampe praemorsa Acampe Orchid (E) Root Root paste of Acampe 20 (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann praemorsa and Asparagus recemosus are taken empty stomach to cure arthritis. 5. Acampe wightiana Root The plant is used to make 21 Lindl. - tonic and also useful in cold and cough. 6. Aerides multiflorum - Whole plant It showed antibacterial activity 22 Roxb. against Salmonella auereus and Klebsiella pneumonia. 7. Aerides odorata - Root, leaf Reduces joint pain and 17 IJSRR, 7(3) July – Sep., 2018 Page 1992 Singh Deepak Kumar, IJSRR 2018, 7(3), 1990-2036 S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Part(s) Used Ethnomedical Uses Reference(s) (E:English, H:Hindi) Lour. swelling. The leaf juice is taken to cure tuberculosis. 8. Anoecetochilus formosanus Jewel Orchid (E) Tuber It is useful in diabetes, fever 23,24 Hayata. and liver spleen disorder. 9. Anoectochilus roxburghii Roxburgh’s Whole plant Treatment of fever, 25 (Wall.) Lindl. Anoectochilus (E) pleurodynia, snake bike, lung and liver disease, hypertension. 10. Arundina graminifolia Bamboo Orchid, Rhizome Root decoction is used as 26 (D.Don) Hochr. Tapah Weed, Kinta pain killer. Weed, Bird Orchid (H) 11. Bletilla formosana The Beautiful Bletilla Tuber Used for the treatment of 23 (Hayata) Schltr. (E) lung, liver and stomach disorder. 12. Bletilla striata Chinese ground Tuber Antibacterial and anti- 27,28 (Thunb.) Rchb. f. orchid, Hardy orchid inflammatory. 13. Bletia hyacinthina Hyacinth Orchid Tuber Beneficial in tuberculosis, 29 (Wild) R.Br. cracked skin, ulcers and breast cancer. 14. Brachycortis obcordata Heart-Shaped Root Use as tonic with milk, cure 30 (Lindl.) Summerh. Brachycorythis dysentery 15. Bulbophyllum careyanum Carey’s Leaves, Cause abortion, used in burns -do- (Hook.) Sprengel Bulbophyllum pseudobulb 16. Bulbophyllum cariniflorum Keeled Flower Root Induce abortion within 2-3 17 Rchb. F. Bulbophyllum (E) month of pregnancy 17. Bulbophyllum kwangtungense The Kwangtung Tuber Treat pulmonary 31 Schltr. Bulbophyllum (E) Tuberculosis, reduce fever and promote the production of body liquid 18. Bulbophyllum leopardinum The Leopard Spotted Whole plant Decoction used in burns 30 (Wall.) Lindl. Bulbophyllum 19. Bulbophyllum lilacinum Ridl. The Lilac Pseudobulbs Fluid of pseudobulb with 4 Bulbophyllum (E) water keep the body fresh and remove tiredness. 20. Bulbophyllum odoratissimum The Fragrant Whole plant Treat tuberculosis, chronic 32 (Sm.) Lindl. Bulbophyllum (E) inflammation and fracture. 21. Bulbophyllum neilgherrense The Nilgiri Mountain Pseudobulbs Pseudobulp juice restore 4 IJSRR, 7(3) July – Sep., 2018 Page 1993 Singh Deepak Kumar, IJSRR 2018, 7(3), 1990-2036 S. No. Botanical Name Common Name Part(s) Used Ethnomedical Uses Reference(s) (E:English, H:Hindi) Wight Bulbophyllum (E) youthness and act as antiageing medicine. 22. Bulbophyllum umbellatum The Umbrella Whole plant Enhance congenity 30 Lindl. Bulbophyllum 23. Calanthe discolor Ground Orchid (E) Whole plant Hair restoring. 33 Lindl. 24. Calanthe liukiuensis - Whole plant Hair restoring. 33 Schltr. 25. Calanthe plantaginea The Plantago-Like Rhizome Used as tonic and 30 Lindl. Calanthe aphrodisiac 26. Calanthe puberula The Hairy Calanthe Rhizome Used with milk as tonic -do- Lindl. 27. Calanthe sylvatica The Forest-Dwelling Flower Cures nose bleeding -do- (Thou) Lindl. Calanthe 28. Calanthe tricarinata Monkey Orchid, Leaf, Leaves decoction applied on -do- Lindl Hardy Calanthe Pseudobulbs sores and eczema. Orchid Pseudobulbs having aphrodisiac properties 29. Catasetum barbatum The Bearded Whole plant Febrifuge, anti- 34 Lindl. Catasetum (E) inflammatory. 30. Cephalanceropsis gracillis - Whole plant Suppress cancer 31 (Lindl.) 31. Cephalanthera longifolia Narrow-leaved Rhizome Heals wounds. Used as 30 K. Fritsch Helleborine or appetizer and tonic. Sword-leaved Helleborine 32. Cleisostoma williamsonii Williamson’s Whole plant Plant’s paste is used as 19 (Rchb.f.) Garay. Cleisostom (E) astringent. 33. Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. The Umbrella-Like Pseudobulb Pseudobulb juice used in 35 Coelogyne (E) healing wounds 34. Coelogyne cristata Crested Coelogyne Pseudobulb Heals wounds 17 Lindl. (E), Gondya (H) 35. Coelogyne flaccida The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Minireview Article the Current Research Status of Endangered
    Minireview Article The Current Research Status of Endangered Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume: A Review ABSTRACT Orchids bear the crown of highly evolved ornamental floral specialization in the plant kingdom, but have poor medicinal background. Further, Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume is much less studied plant species among Orchidaceae due to its overexploitation in the wild. This epiphytic herb belongs to the tropical areas and kept under endangered category by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) that points out its abated natural population. In this sense, the aim is to document the past and present researches upon R. retusa highlighting the traditional and remedial uses, and to ignite the conservation awareness among the people. Keywords: Conservation, medicines, mythology, patents, taxonomy, tissue culture. 1. INTRODUCTION Orchidaceae (monocotyledons) are one of the largest families of the plant world extending from tropics to alpines along with a boon of astonishing beauty in their flowers [1]. Orchids are the richest among angiosperms with diverse species number (approximately >25,000) having epiphytes (more abundant, 73 %), lithophytes and ground plants [2,3]. Fossil records of orchids date back to 100 million years ago [4]. Actually the term ‘orchid’ coming from ‘orchis’ (Greek word) meaning testicle was given by Theophrastus (372-286 B.C.), who reported the use of orchid roots as aphrodiasic. Despite of huge family size, orchids are largely exploited and traded for their ornamental flower diversity but less attention is paid towards their remedial properties. According to Reinikka, the first evidence of the use of orchids as medicines comes from Shênnung’s Materia Medica in 28th century B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • 65 Possibly Lost Orchid Treasure of Bangladesh
    J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 3(1), 2017 POSSIBLY LOST ORCHID TREASURE OF BANGLADESH AND THEIR ENUMERATION WITH CONSERVATION STATUS Rashid, M. E., M. A. Rahman and M. K. Huda Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Abstract The study aimed at determining the status of occurrence of the orchid treasure of Bangladesh for providing data for Planning National Conservation Strategy and Development of Conservation Management. 54 orchid species are assessed to be presumably lost from the flora of Bangladesh due to environmental degradation and ecosystem depletion. The assessment of their status of occurrence was made based on long term field investigation, collection and identification of orchid taxa; examination and identification of herbarium specimens preserved at CAL, E, K, DACB, DUSH, BFRIH,BCSIRH, HCU; and survey of relevant upto date floristic literature. These species had been recorded from the present Bangladesh territory for more than 50 to 100 years ago, since then no further report of occurrence or collection from elsewhere in Bangladesh is available and could not be located to their recorded localities through field investigations. Of these, 29 species were epiphytic in nature and 25 terrestrial. More than 41% of these taxa are economically very important for their potential medicinal and ornamental values. Enumeration of these orchid taxa is provided with updated nomenclature, bangla name(s) and short annotation with data on habitats, phenology, potential values, recorded locality, global distribution conservation status and list of specimens available in different herbaria. Key words: Orchid species, lost treasure, Bangladesh, conservation status, assessment. INTRODUCTION The orchid species belonging to the family Orchidaceae are represented mostly in the tropical parts of the world by 880 genera and about 26567 species (Cai et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Half Yearly Report.Pdf
    National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS) HIMALAYAN RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP (FORMAT FOR THE HALF YEARLY PROGRESS REPORT) [Reporting Period: July to December 2020] Name of the Project: Systematics and Conservation of Indian Orchids with special emphasis to Himalayan species. Sanction Order No.: GBPNI/NMHS-2017-18/HSF-08, dated: 28.03.2018. 1st installment received: Rs. 33,56,232/- Name of the Institution/ University: Botanical Survey of India, Sikkim Himalayan Regional Centre Gangtok, Sikkim No. of Himalayan Research/Project One Associate: No. of Himalayan Junior Research/Project Six (6) Fellows: H-RAs Profile Description: Sl. Name of RA Date of Joining Name of the PI Qualification No. 1A. Dr. SAMIRAN PANDAY 17.12.2018 Dr. D.K. AGRAWALA M.Sc., Ph. D. (BOTANY) (Resigned on - 23.8.2019) 1B. Dr. RIJUPALIKA ROY 14.10.2019 Dr. D.K. AGRAWALA M.Sc., Ph. D. (BOTANY) NMHS Fellowship Grant Page 1 of 13 Progress Report: To be filled for each HRA in separate row. RA No. Research Objectives Achievements Addressed Location of Field Deliverables Site with Details, if any H-RA Project name: Systematics and Conservation of •Morphological Characterization done for •Literature survey • Study area for the 1A. Indian Orchids with special emphasis to 15 species under 8 genera conducted. project is entire Indian Himalayan Himalayan species. •Assigned geo co-ordinates: 23 species •Collection of type, Region covering 12 (425 sheets). protologue & states. Allotted group: Sub-families Vanilloideae, •Literature on selected species has been herbarium Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae with 22 collected and studied. specimen genera and 76 species. •Protologues, types & images of continued.
    [Show full text]
  • Threats Assessment, Current Distributional Record, Field Status and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinally Important Bulbophyllum Thou
    Trends4362 in Biosciences 10(22), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 4362-4369, in Biosciences 2017 10 (22), 2017 Threats Assessment, Current Distributional Record, Field Status and Therapeutic Uses of Medicinally Important Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) from Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts of West Bengal, India RAJENDRA YONZONE Taxonomy and Ethnobiology Research Laboratory, Cluny Women’s College, P.O. Kalimpong, District Kalimpong, West Bengal email: [email protected] ABSTRACT they occur throughout the country excepting the drier Present paper deals with threats assessment, current Deccan plateau, Punjab and part of Gujarat (Hedge, 1984). North East India constitutes an Orchid hotspot and show distributional record, field status and therapeutic uses of medicinally important Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) maximum diversity in the Eastern Himalaya (Vanlalruati et from Darjeeling and Kalimpong Districts of West Bengal, al. 2016). Of the total Orchid species found in India nearly India. 70% found in North East India (Gogoi and Yonzone, 2013). It is estimated that over 22,500 species with 779 genera are distributed throughout the world (Mabberly, 2008). There Key words Orchidaceae, Bulbophyllum, Threats are 1331 species belonging to 186 genera (Chowdhery, assessment, Current distributional record, 2009); 1300 species in 184 genera (Singh and Chauhan, Field status, Therapeutic uses, Darjeeling 1999); 1129 species in 184 genera (Karthikeyan, 2000) widely and Kalimpong Districts. distributed throughout India. Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal possesses good resources of Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts are the Orchid species. northernmost hilly districts of West Bengal and it is the The use of Orchids as medicine is restricted as their part of Eastern Himalaya with different physiographic therapeutic knowledge is confine chiefly to few folk healers features.
    [Show full text]
  • Folklore Medicinal Orchids from South India: the Potential Source of Antioxidants
    Online - 2455-3891 Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018 Print - 0974-2441 Research Article FOLKLORE MEDICINAL ORCHIDS FROM SOUTH INDIA: THE POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS SAMEERA PARVEEN, RAMESH CK*, RIAZ MAHMOOD, PALLAVI M 1Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Jnana Sahyadri Campus, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India. 2Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka, India. Email: [email protected] Received: 11 January 2017, Revised and Accepted: 17 February 2018 ABSTRACT Objective: Orchids are widely used the economically important ornamental plant. Conventionally, they were also used for the treatment of several diseases. In the present study, five species of medicinal Orchids from South India were selected to evaluate their antioxidant potential. Methods: The selected species were extracted by Soxhlet method using 70% ethanol. The extracts obtained were analyzed for various quantitative and antioxidant assays followed by correlation analysis in between quantitative and antioxidant activity. Results: Antioxidant data revealed that among the extracts of five orchids, Coelogyne breviscapa was proved to be superior in terms of antioxidant activities, followed by Aerides maculosum, Dendrobium macrostachyum, Pholidota pallida, and Vanda testacea. Correlation analysis was performed, and the results proved simple positive correlation and highest average value of “r” (correlation coefficient) for antioxidant activities with quantitative were the total antioxidants, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid content. Among the qualitative antioxidant activities, the highest average value of “r” was shown by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, iron chelating, 2,2-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and superoxide radical. Conclusion: The study documents that orchid plants have significant antioxidant potential which can contribute to human health.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Priorities and Future Directions in Conservation of Wild Orchids in Sri Lanka: a Review
    Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2020. 5(Suppl.1): 34–45 https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.029 RESEARCH PRIORITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CONSERVATION OF WILD ORCHIDS IN SRI LANKA: A REVIEW J. Dananjaya Kottawa-Arachchi1,*, R. Samantha Gunasekara2 1Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka 2Lanka Nature Conservationists, Sri Lanka *e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 24.03.2020. Revised: 22.05.2020. Accepted: 29.05.2020. Together with Western Ghats, Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot amongst the 35 regions known worldwide. Considering the Sri Lankan orchids, 70.6% of the orchid species, including 84% of the endemics, are categorised as threatened. The distribution of the family Orchidaceae is mostly correlated with the distribution pattern of the main bioclimatic zones which is governed by the amount and intensity of rainfall and altitude. Habitat deterioration and degradation, clearing of vegetation, intentional forest fires and spread of invasive alien species are significant threats to native species. Illegally collection and exporting of indigenous species has been another alarming issue in the past decades. Protection of native species, increased public awareness, enforcement of legislation and introduction of new propagation techniques would certainly bring a beneficial effect to the native orchid flora. Conduct awareness programs, strengthen existing laws, and reviewing the legal framework related to the native orchid flora could be vital for future conservation. Apart from the identification of new species and their distribution, future research on understanding soil chemical and physical parameters of terrestrial habitats, plant association of terrestrial orchids, phenology patterns and interactions of pollinators, associations with mycorrhiza, effect of invasive alien species and impact of climate change are highlighted.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
    Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Orchid Species of Odisha State, India. with Note on the Medicinal and Economic Uses
    Diversity of orchid species of Odisha state, India. With note on the medicinal and economic uses Sanjeet Kumar1*, Sweta Mishra1 & Arun Kumar Mishra2 ________________________________ 1Biodiversity and Conservation Lab., Ambika Prasad Research Foundation, India 2Divisional Forest Office, Rairangpur, Odisha, India * author for correspondence: [email protected] ________________________________ Abstract The state of Odisha is home to a great floral and faunistic wealth with diverse landscapes. It enjoys almost all types of vegetations. Among its floral wealth, the diversity of orchids plays an important role. They are known for their beautiful flowers having ecological values. An extensive survey in the field done from 2009 to 2020 in different areas of the state, supported by information found in the literature and by the material kept in the collections of local herbariums, allows us to propose, in this article, a list of 160 species belonging to 50 different genera. Furthermore, endemism, conservation aspects, medicinal and economic values of some of them are discussed. Résumé L'État d'Odisha abrite une grande richesse florale et faunistique avec des paysages variés. Il bénéficie de presque tous les types de végétations. Parmi ses richesses florales, la diversité des orchidées joue un rôle important. Ces dernières sont connues pour leurs belles fleurs ayant une valeurs écologiques. Une étude approfondie réalisée sur le terrain de 2009 à 2020 Manuscrit reçu le 04/09/2020 Article mis en ligne le 21/02/2021 – pp. 1-26 dans différentes zones de l'état, appuyée par des informations trouvées dans la littérature et par le matériel conservé dans les collections d'herbiers locaux, nous permettent de proposer, dans cet article, une liste de 160 espèces appartenant à 50 genres distincts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species from Lao PDR
    A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas, Mark Newman Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa & Sounthone Ketphanh June 2006 A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas1 Dr Mark Newman1 Dr Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa2 Mr Sounthone Ketphanh3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2 National University of Lao PDR 3 Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Lao PDR Supported by Darwin Initiative for the Survival of the Species Project 163-13-007 Cover illustration: Orchids and Cycads for sale near Gnommalat, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, May 2006 (photo courtesy of Darwin Initiative) CONTENTS Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations used in this report Acknowledgements Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - background ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Lao PDR and CITES ____________________________________________________________ 1 Review of Plant Species Listed Under CITES Appendix I and II ____________ 1 Results of the Review_______________________________________________________ 1 Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 3 1. CITES Listed Plants in Lao PDR ______________________________________________ 5 1.1 An Introduction to CITES and Appendices I, II and III_________________ 5 1.2 Current State of Knowledge of the
    [Show full text]
  • The Orchid Flora of the Colombian Department of Valle Del Cauca Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Kolanowska, Marta The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 85, núm. 2, 2014, pp. 445-462 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42531364003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511445 The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca La orquideoflora del departamento colombiano de Valle del Cauca Marta Kolanowska Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. [email protected] Abstract. The floristic, geographical and ecological analysis of the orchid flora of the department of Valle del Cauca are presented. The study area is located in the southwestern Colombia and it covers about 22 140 km2 of land across 4 physiographic units. All analysis are based on the fieldwork and on the revision of the herbarium material. A list of 572 orchid species occurring in the department of Valle del Cauca is presented. Two species, Arundina graminifolia and Vanilla planifolia, are non-native elements of the studied orchid flora. The greatest species diversity is observed in the montane regions of the study area, especially in wet montane forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An Annotated Checklist
    Banko Janakari, Vol 29 No. 2, 2019 Pp 28‒41 Karki & Ghimire https://doi.org:10.3126/banko.v29i2.28097 Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An annotated checklist S. Karki1* and S. K. Ghimire1 Suspa-Kshamawoti area of Dolakha district covers diverse vegetation types and harbors many interesting species of orchids. This paper documents 69 species of orchids covering 33 genera based on repeated field surveys and herbarium collections. Of them, 50 species are epiphytic (including lithophytes) and 19 species are terrestrial. Information regarding habit and habitat, phenology, host species and elevational range of distribution of each species are provided in the checklist. Keywords : Bulbophyllum, Nepal, Orchidaceae rchids are one of the most diverse and contributions on documentation of orchid flora are highly evolved groups of flowering made by Bajracharya (2001; 2004); Rajbhandari Oplants, and orchidaceae is the largest and Bhattrai (2001); Bajracharya and Shrestha family comprising 29,199 species and are (2003); Rajbhandari and Dahal (2004); Milleville globally distributed (Govaerts et al., 2017). Out and Shrestha (2004); Subedi et al. (2011); of them, two-third belong to epiphytes (Zotz and Rajbhandari (2015); Raskoti (2015); Raskoti and Winkler, 2013). In Nepal, orchidaceae is one of Ale (2009; 2011; 2012; 2019) and Bhandari et al. the major families amongst the higher flowering (2016 b; 2019). Suspa-Kshamawoti, the northern plants and comprises 502 taxa belonging to 108 part of the Dolakha district covers diverse genera, which forms around 8 percent of our flora vegetation and harbors some interesting species (Raskoti and Ale, 2019). The number of species of orchids. Bhandari et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Independent Degradation in Genes of the Plastid Ndh Gene Family in Species of the Orchid Genus Cymbidium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae)
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Independent degradation in genes of the plastid ndh gene family in species of the orchid genus Cymbidium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) Hyoung Tae Kim1, Mark W. Chase2* 1 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook University, Daegu, Korea, 2 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal a1111111111 Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract In this paper, we compare ndh genes in the plastid genome of many Cymbidium species and three closely related taxa in Orchidaceae looking for evidence of ndh gene degradation. OPEN ACCESS Among the 11 ndh genes, there were frequently large deletions in directly repeated or AT- Citation: Kim HT, Chase MW (2017) Independent rich regions. Variation in these degraded ndh genes occurs between individual plants, degradation in genes of the plastid ndh gene family apparently at population levels in these Cymbidium species. It is likely that ndh gene trans- in species of the orchid genus Cymbidium fers from the plastome to mitochondrial genome (chondriome) occurred independently in (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae). PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187318. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. Orchidaceae and that ndh genes in the chondriome were also relatively recently transferred pone.0187318 between distantly related species in Orchidaceae. Four variants of the ycf1-rpl32 region, Editor: Zhong-Jian Liu, The National Orchid which normally includes the ndhF genes in the plastome, were identified, and some Cymbid- Conservation Center of China; The Orchid ium species contained at least two copies of that region in their organellar genomes. The Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, four ycf1-rpl32 variants seem to have a clear pattern of close relationships.
    [Show full text]