Table of contents

Abstract...... 9 Acknowledgements...... 11 1. Introduction...... 15 2. Protagonists and Personalities of the transhumanist tu rn ...... 69 2.1 ...... 69 2.2 Dmitry Itskov...... 71 2.3 ...... 73 Main analysts and philosophers of the transhumanist turn...... 75 2.4 Hans Moravec...... 75 2.5 ...... 76 2.6 ...... 77

3. How to create a robotic avatar body...... 79 3.1 Purpose...... 81 3.2 State of the a rt...... 81 3.3 in eastern and Western societies...... 87 3.4 Geminoids ...... 89 3.5 Initiative 2 0 4 5 ...... 91 3.6 Other robotic avatar projects...... 94 3.7 Four generations of robots...... 98 3.8 Machine rights: Sophia, the first with Citizen rights...... 101 3.9 The beginning of physical man-machine gaia: ...... 104 Exo Skeletons and enhanced humans Proposal I: Pathway to Artificial Athletes...... 105

4. How to create an artificial mind...... 111 The horizon of possible roads to artificial general intelligence (AGI).... 111 4.1 The technological singularity...... 116 4.2 Reverse-engineering of the human brain...... 126 4.3 Whole Brain Emulation ...... 130 4.4 Brain uploading vs. Mind uploading...... 141 4.5 Machine learning ...... 149 4.6 Genetic programming and neural networks...... 154 4.7 Subjectivity...... 163 5. How to summon the demon - The leap from artificial general intelligence (AGI) to artificial super intelligence (ASI)...... 167 5.1 The control problem...... 168 5.2 Superorganisms as path to solve the control problem...... 183 5.3 Exponential growth and the law of accelerating results (LOAR)...... 185 5.4 Man-machine-ASIs...... 186 5.5 Fringe pathologies: The Capgras Delusion scenario...... 190 5.6 Decisive Strategie advantages...... 199 5.7 Takeover scenarios...... 201 5.8 A philosophical mind-bender: Merely a brain in the tank?...... 205

6. How to translate humanity's core values to an AI...... 211 6.1 Moral philosophy...... 212 6.2 Coherent extrapolated volition (CEV)...... 215 6.3 Human domains and contributions...... 218 6.4 Perverse instantiations...... 220 6.5 Proposal II: Human core value m anifest...... 225

7. How to face disruptive economic effects caused ...... by A I 229 7.1 Obsolete jobs and skills ...... 232 7.2 Digital Humanities...... 235 7.3 „Jetson"-The world's first artificial screenwriter...... 237 7.4 New job opportunities and needed skills ...... 239 7.5 Synthetic intellects and their economies...... 241

8. How to create safe nanotechnology...... 245 8.1 Potentials and hazards of molecular nano assembly...... 248 8.2 The „gray goo" scenario...... 249 8.3 Possible dangers of ASI with access to molecular nano assemblers ...250 8.4 Safety p ath s...... 258

9. How to survive a Singleton AI...... 261 9.1 What is a singleton or Why humans still matter...... 262 9.2 The clandestine singleton...... 264 9.3 Living in exile from humanity - Exes...... 265 10. How to create a future-proof cyber-ethic: Responsibilities and demands...... 269 10.1 Safe AI - is it even possible?...... 270 10.2 Apoptotic Systems...... 273 10.3 Restrictions and legal regulations...... 275 10.4 Finding moral Consensus beyond CEV...... 277 10.5 Translating a mutual moral philosophy to an advanced AI...... 280 10.6 Humanitary appropriate goal design...... 285 10.7 Digital reality aka The Virtual Kingdom...... 289

Conclusions...... 295

Bibliography...... 323