Initial Environmental Examination
Document Stage: Revised Project Number: 39295-013 May 2017
BAN: Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project – Meherpur Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management Sub-project (Phase 2)
Package Number: UGIIP-III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017
Prepared by the Local Government Engineering Department, Government of Bangladesh for the Asian Development Bank
This revised initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein, do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
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Initial Environmental Examination
Document stage: Revised Project number: 39295-013 May 2017
BAN: Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project-Meherpur Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management Sub-project Phase-2
Prepared for the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Government of Bangladesh and for the Asian Development Bank
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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of April 2017) Currency Unit=BDT BDT1.00=$0.01253 $1.00=BDT79.75
ABRREVIATIONS
ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - affected person DoE - Department of Environment DPHE - Department of Public Health Engineering EARF - environmental assessment and review framework ECA - Environmental Conservation Act ECC - environmental clearance certificate ECR - Environmental Conservation Rules EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan ETP - effluent treatment plant GRC - grievance redressal cell GRM - grievance redress Mechanism IEE - initial environmental examination LCC - location clearance certificate LGED - Local Government Engineering Department MLGRDC - Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development, and Cooperatives O&M - operations and maintenance PMU - project management unit PPTA - project preparatory technical assistance REA - rapid environmental assessment RP - resettlement plan SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement ToR - terms of reference
GLOSSARY OF BANGLADESHI TERMS
Crore - 10 million (= 100 lakh) Ghat - boat landing station Hartal - nationwide strike/demonstration called by opposition parties Khal - drainage ditch/canal khas, khash - belongs to government (e.g. land) katcha - poor quality, poorly built lakh, lac - 100,000 madrasha - Islamic college mouza - government-recognized land area parashad - authority (Pourashava) Pourashava - municipality pucca - good quality, well built, solid thana - police station upazila - sub district
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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Ha - hectare Km - kilometre M - meter Mm - millimetre
NOTES
(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―BDT refers to Bangladeshi Taka
This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intended to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
PREFACE
The premises of this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report are the MDS Consultant services presentation of an analysis of data and conclusions, together with its appendices.
The key elements of the IEE Report focus on: Assessment of Compliance Guidelines of Environment Safeguards according to ADB and GoB policy.
DISCLAIMER
This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report of Meherpur Pourashava under Third Urban Governance & Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project (UGIIP-III) has been prepared under the guidance of Team Leader and Deputy Team Leader of MDS Consultant. All the data used to prepare this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report have been collected from the Pourashava Development Plan (PDP). Some of the information’s have also been collected from the Pourashava personnel over telephone. Moreover some information’s have been collected by the respective experts of MDS Consultant through intensive field visit which have been used in writing this report. If any information or data or any other things coincide with other project documents that are beyond our knowledge and fully coincidental event and we express apology for that.
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 I. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 A. Purpose of the Report ...... 5 B. Project Types Identified for Implementation ...... 6 C. Potential Impacts from Activities ...... 7 D. Extent of the IEE Study ...... 7 II. POICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMWORK ...... 8 A. ADB Policy ...... 8 B. GOB National Policy ...... 8 C. Government of Bangladesh Environmental Assessment Procedures ...... 9 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS ...... 11 A. The Study Area ...... 11 B. Indigenous People Safeguard ...... 11 C. Existing Condition and Need for the Project ...... 13 D. Existing Infrastructure (Sanitary landfill, Transfer Station & Planted drying bed) ...... 16 E. Proposed Components ...... 17 F. Proposed Investment for Solid Waste and Sanitation Management ...... 23 G. Capacity building and community awareness campaign ...... 23 H. Implementation Schedule ...... 30 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 32 A. Methodology Used for the Baseline Study ...... 32 B. Physical Characteristics ...... 32 C. Biological Characteristics ...... 33 D. Socioeconomic Characteristics ...... 33 E. Historical, Cultural and Archaeological Characteristics ...... 35 V. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND SAFEGUARDS ...... 36 A. Methodology ...... 36 B. Screening out Areas of No Significant Impact ...... 36 C. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Planning and Design Phase ...... 37 D. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Phase ...... 39 E. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Operations and Maintenance Phase...... 47 F. Cumulative Impact Assessment ...... 50 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 52 A. Public Consultation Conducted ...... 52 B. Future Consultation and Disclosure ...... 53 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 55 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP), MEHERPUR POURASHAVA .... 57 A. Institutional Arrangement ...... 57 B. Safeguard Implementation Arrangement ...... 57 C. Institutional Capacity Development Program ...... 80 D. Staffing Requirement and Budget ...... 81 IX. MONITORING AND REPORTING ...... 86 X. CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 87 Appendix-1 Photograph of Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava ...... 89 Appendix-2 Environment Clearance Certificate ...... 90 Appendix-3 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist ...... 91 Appendix-4 Spoil Management Plan-Solid Waste Management Sub-project ...... 93 Appendix-5 Records of Public Consultation...... 94 Appendix-6 Special Condition for Environment Code of Practice (ECOP) ...... 96
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Appendix-7 Approval of ToR ...... 98 Appendix-8 Operation Manual of Landfill Site ...... 100 Appendix-9 Contractor’s required budget to implement IEE/EMP ...... 105
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Sub-projects and Components Proposed in UGIIP-III ...... 6 Table 2: Applicable Government of Bangladesh Environmental Legislations ...... 9 Table 3: Likely Government of Bangladesh Classification of Meherpur Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management Sub-project ...... 10 Table 4: Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management subproject in Meherpur Pourashava ...... 23 Table 5: Components of Meherpur Solid Waste Management Subproject ...... 24 Table 6: Implementation schedule for Meherpur Solid Waste Management Sub-project ..... 31 Table 7: Population of Meherpur Pourashava ...... 33 Table 8: Conditions of Roads and Drain in Meherpur Pourashava ...... 34 Table 9: Fields in Which the Sub-project is Not expected to have Significant Impacts ...... 36 Table 10: Site and Design Considerations to Meet EARF Environmental Criteria ...... 37 Table 11: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Phase ...... 40 Table 12: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures at Operations and Maintenance Phase ...... 48 Table 13: Consultation with Stakeholders at Meherpur Pourashava ...... 54 Table 14: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan – Prior, During, and Post Construction Phase ...... 61 Table 15: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan – O&M Phase ...... 71 Table 16: Training Program for Environmental Management ...... 80 Table 17: Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation ...... 82 Table 18 : Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation – Per Source of Funding ...... 84
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Pourashava under UGIIP–III ...... 12 Figure 2: Existing Dumping site of Meherpur Pourashava ...... 13 Figure 3: Existing compost plant and transfer station in Meherpur Pourashava ...... 13 Figure 4: Location of Proposed Landfill site in Meherpur Pourashava ...... 14 Figure 5: Location of Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava on Google Map ...... 15 Figure 6: Schematic Diagram of Solid Waste Management in Meherpur Pourashava ...... 26 Figure 7: Layout Plan of Meherpur Landfill site as per Design ...... 27 Figure 8: Section of Meherpur Landfill Site ...... 28 Figure 9: Layout Plan and Section of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plan ...... 29 Figure 10: Existing Sanitation (Public Toilets) in Meherpur ...... 35 Figure 11: Project Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 56 Figure 12 : Safeguards Implementation Arrangement ...... 60
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) has undertaken the Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure and Improvement (Sector) Project (UGIIP-III) with financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) ADB Loan NR-3142 BAN (SF)/1626P OFID together with co-financing from OFID to improve governance and urban service provision in two sets of Pourashavas over a period of 6 years (2014 to 2020). The first set is 31 pre- selected target Pourashavas are marked as Window-A, in which full set of support will be provided under the project. The second set is the Pourashavas that will be selected by performance evaluation of governance improvement, about 10 Pourashavas for each evaluation to be undertaken twice during project implementation as Window-B. 20 (out of 50) top ranking Pourashavas have been selected so far for financing under Window-B in Phase- 2. It would allow prescribed allocation for infrastructure development from the project fund for 2016-17. The overall objective of the Project is the construction, rehabilitation, expansion and implementation of sub-projects of essential existing infrastructure and utility facilities for the urban sector of Bangladesh; to develop a well-structured augmentation/rehabilitation program and implement according to prioritization. 2. Under the PPTA project for UGIIP-III, Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) was prepared and the same were endorsed by both the funding agencies and GoB to be adopted for implementation of the UGIIP-III project. The frameworks specified the screening procedures and the guidelines for identifying the APs, estimating the compensation and assistance to be paid for the losses, grievance redress mechanism, preparation of IEE and EIA and the institutional requirements for monitoring the implementation of environmental safeguard aspects of the project. 3. The impact will be improved living environment in project towns. The outcome will be improved municipal service delivery and urban governance in project towns. Full sets of support will be provided to 31 pre-selected project towns in an integrated manner under Window-A, whereas only Roads and Drains improvement will be provided to 20 Project towns as Window-B under the project. 4. Variety of Sub-projects have been undertaken under UGIIP-III, potential environmental impacts of a local nature can be expected and cover a wide spectrum. Accordingly, the criteria for selection or exclusion of Sub-projects address concerns related to potential significant or irreversible negative environmental impacts. 5. The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), both under the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MLGRD&C) and having extensive experience in managing urban and water supply projects financed by ADB, will be the executing agencies of the project. 6. Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project is one of the sub-projects proposed under UGIIP-III. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) based on the feasibility study and detailed engineering designs prepared by the Solid Waste and Sanitation Management Specialist of MDS Consultant. This IEE may be updated during implementation of the sub-project. 7. Categorization: An environmental assessment using ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist for solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management (Appendix 3) was conducted and results of the assessment show that the sub-project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project is classified as Environmental Category “B” as per the SPS as no significant impacts are envisioned. This initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS’s requirements for environment category B
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projects and provides mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure no significant impacts as a result of the sub-project. 8. As per Government of Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA, 1995) and Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997), the sub-project is categorized as “red” and location/site clearance certificate (LCC) and environmental clearance certificate (ECC) must be obtained from the DoE. 9. DOE has issued an Environment Clearance Certificate for Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector) Project (UGIIP-III) vide letter DoE/Clearance/5444/ 2015/187 dated 02.05.2016. Accordingly, only Red Category Sub-projects require the Environmental Assessment process including EIA for Environmental Clearance. 10. Sub-project Scope: Investments under this sub-project include: (i) development of a pilot scheme to improve source segregation and practice of 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) for 1,000 households within the Pourashava; (ii) improvement of solid wastes collection from the remaining households and disposal to proposed controlled landfill site; (iii) development of a controlled landfill site; (iv) renovation of existing compost plant; and (v) construction of fecal sludge management plant. 11. Considering all the above following steps were adopted by the MDS Consultant’s team for Environmental Safeguard compliance – i. Review of the available environmental safeguard documents and categorization of the project as per ADB and GOB guidelines. ii. Separate Consultation with MDS team members, PMU staffs and PIU staffs to explain the importance of the safeguards. iii. Separate Workshop on safeguard policies for all Municipal Engineers, EE and AE of all the Pourashavas under UGIIP-III iv. Screening and re-categorization of the scheme with the help of REA checklist and public consultation for the scheme during visit to project scheme site. v. Preparation of sector Sub-project IEE and EIA for each sector Sub-project for each Pourashava. vi. Preparation of TOR for conduction of EIA to get environmental clearance from DOE, GOB for Red category projects. 12. Implementation arrangements: Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) is the executing agency (EA). LGED is responsible for providing support and guidance to Pourashavas concerning performance criteria and Pourashava development planning. Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) will provide support in water supply and sanitation schemes. Implementation activities will be overseen by a Project management unit (PMU). The participating Pourashavas are the implementing agencies, with a project implementation unit (PIU) within the Pourashava structure. Consultant teams are responsible for (i) detailed engineering design, contract documents preparation and safeguards facilitation; (ii) project management and administration support; (iii) assistance in supervising construction; (iv) strengthening of local governance, conducting required studies/surveys and (v) awareness raising on behavioral change in water, sanitation (fecal sludge management) and solid waste management activities. 13. Description of the Environment: Sub-project components are located in Meherpur urban area or in its immediate surroundings which were developed into urban land uses. The sub-project sites are located in Pourashava’s owned and open land also. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the sub-project location. There are no forest areas within or near Meherpur Pourashava area. 14. Environmental Management: An environmental management plan (EMP) is included as part of this IEE, which includes (i) mitigation measures for environmental impacts during
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implementation; (ii) an environmental monitoring program and the responsible entities for mitigating, monitoring and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and (iv) a grievance redress mechanism. A number of impacts and their significance were reduced through mitigation measures in the detailed design. The EMP is formed part of the civil work bidding and contract documents. 15. Locations and sitting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce impacts. The concepts considered in design of the Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project are: (i) locating facilities on Pourashava-owned land and land acquisition for further extension is under process; (ii) taking all possible measures in design and selection of sites to avoid resettlement impacts; (iii) avoiding possible locations that will result in destruction/disturbance to historical and cultural places/values; (iv) minimizing tree-cutting but about 50 different small size tress (mango, rain trees, neem) need to cut which has been cleared by the Pourashava recently ; (v) ensuring all planning and design interventions and decisions are made in consultation with local communities and reflecting inputs from public consultation and disclosure for site selection. As a result, some measures have already been included in the sub-project designs. This means that the impacts and their significance have already been reduced. 16. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from (i) disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic; (ii) need to manage excess construction materials and spoils; and (iii) community and workers health and safety. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. Measures such as conducting work in lean season and minimizing inconvenience by best construction methods will be employed. In the operational phase, all facilities and infrastructure will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only. 17. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to ensure that all measures are implemented and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on and off-site document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB. 18. Consultation, disclosure and grievance redress: The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and public consultation, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the sub- project. The IEE will be made available at public locations in the Pourashava and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and LGED project websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly. 19. Monitoring and reporting: The PMU, PIU (Meherpur Pourashava) and Management Design and Supervision Consultants (MDSC) will be responsible for safeguard monitoring. The MDSC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU and the PMU will send semi- annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on its website as part of its disclosure requirements. 20. Conclusions and Recommendations: The citizens of Meherpur Pourashava will be the major beneficiaries of this sub-project. With the improved solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management services they will enjoy improved over-all cleanliness, livability and better public health in the Pourashava. Therefore the proposed sub-project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts and net environmental benefits to citizens of Meherpur Pourashava will be positive. The potential impacts that are associated with design,
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construction and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. 21. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the sub-project as Category “B” is confirmed. No further study is needs to be undertaken as per ADB SPS (2009).
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose of the Report 22. Bangladesh has a population of approximately 162 million and has experienced increased rapid urbanization with the growth of many secondary towns over the last three decades. About 28 per cent of the total population now lives in urban areas where the population growth rate is much higher than the overall national growth rate. With the present high increase-trend in urban population, it is justifiably anticipated that by year-2020, such populace will constitute nearly 40 percent of the national aggregate. One principal cause of such rapid growth is the presence of better opportunities spanning economic, communication, education, health and other social aspects in the urban areas. It is worth noting that by one account, in countries of Bangladesh’s standing, around 55-60% of a country’s aggregate economic activities takes place within the urban confines. Two sets of Pourashavas are included in the project. The first set is 31 pre-selected target Pourashavas are marked as Window-A, in which full set of support will be provided under the project. The Pourashavas are: Three (3) sample PSs: 1) Naogaon 2) Magura and 3) Lalmonirhat Seven (7) non-sample priority PSs: 4) Kishoregonj, 5) Muktagachha, 6) Joypurhat, 7) Sherpur, 8) Bera, 9) Charghat and 10) Rajbari. The remaining twenty one PSs (target PSs): 11) Chapai Nawabgonj, 12) Habigonj, 13) Moulvibazar, 14) Laxmipur, 15) Chhatak, 16) Joypurhat, 17) Laksham, 18) Shahjadpur 19) Rangamati, 20) Ishwardi, 21) Meherpur, 22) Nabinagar, 23) Panchagarh, 24) Jessore, 25) Bandarban, 26) Khagrachhari, 27) Kotalipara, 28) Nilphamari, 29) Chuadanga and 30) Benapole 31) Tungipara. 23. The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), both under the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MLGRD&C) and having extensive experience in managing urban and water supply projects financed by ADB, will be the executing agencies of the project. 24. Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project is one of the sub-projects proposed under UGIIP-III. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. 25. Categorization: An environmental assessment using ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist for solid waste management (Appendix 3) was conducted and results of the assessment shows that the project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project is classified as environmental category B as per ADB SPS, 2009. This initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS’s requirements for environment category B projects and provides mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure no significant impacts as a result of the sub-project. 26. The Project Log Frame gives the project goal as, sustained improvements in the urban environment and quality of life in participating municipalities by 2020. The project purpose is: expanded access to and usage of urban infrastructure and services and improvement in urban governance in all participating municipalities by 2020. The objectively verifiable indicators are: Improved citizen perception of the urban environment, municipal services and quality of life. Improved quality and standard of urban infrastructure and municipal services.
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27. UGIIP-III represents the continued development of the ADB approach to urban development in Bangladesh. It is a valuable model for comparison with other approaches and for replication by other agencies and in other countries. UGIIP-III has broad goals such as developing infrastructure facilities and improving services, urban governance, accountability, the urban environment and quality of life. UGIIP-III will improve infrastructure through roads, water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, drainage and municipal facilities sub-projects.
B. Project Types Identified for Implementation 28. Infrastructure sub-projects proposed under UGIIP-III encompass a variety of types of urban infrastructure and services including those shown in Table 1. Table 1: Sub-projects and Components Proposed in UGIIP-III Deep Tube Wells (Hand Pump) Source Augmentation Deep Tube Wells (Production Pump Distribution Piping, Valves and Fittings Water Treatment (Iron and Arsenic Water Supply Treatment Removal) Storage Elevated Tank Repair/Replacement of Lines System improvement Bulk Water Meters Domestic water meter Community Facility Community Toilets Public Facility Public Toilets Sanitation Septic tank Vacuum Units Fecal Sludge Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant Management Disposal/waste Disposal Alternatives collection Neighbourhood Collection Community Storage Bins Waste transfer Solid Waste Dump Trucks/Rickshaw Management Transfer Station Access Road to Landfill Waste disposal Landfill Facility Treatment/Composting Roadway Drainage Roadside Drains Outfall Urban Drainage Main Drain Area drainage Secondary and Tertiary Drains Retention Pond Bridge Replacement Urban Transport & Roadway Provision Drainage/Culverts communication Roadway Widening/Resurfacing System improvement Repair/Replacement of Lines Slum Community Facility Community Toilets Septic tank Vacuum Units Market/Community Centres Municipal and Kitchen Markets Public use facilities Municipal facilities Improvement of Slaughterhouses Bus and Truck Terminals
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C. Potential Impacts from Activities 29. A Sector Initial Environmental Examination (SIEE) has been conducted for the overall UGIIP-III project and IEEs was prepared for each of the Pourashava sub-projects individually. The SIEE sought to identify any regional and cumulative impacts that may result from the sector intervention. Cumulative impacts were all in the social or human development sphere of the environment and all were found to be positive. No direct cumulative or regional potential negative impact of the project activities on environmental resources and values was detected. 30. From the variety of sub-projects undertaken under UGIIP-III, potential environmental impacts of a local nature can be expected and cover a wide spectrum. In general these were determined not to be significant or irreversible and precautionary measures have been taken (and incorporated into guidance, management plans and implementation frameworks) to avoid or reduce them. Even the criteria for selection or exclusion of sub-projects address potential significant or irreversible negative environmental impacts. 31. The ADB has categorized UGIIP-III project as Category B and following its normal procedure has determined that an IEE will be conducted for each municipality sub-project submission. The impacts of sub-projects will be assessed according to ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. 32. UGIIP-III the impact will be improved living environment in project towns. The outcome will be improved municipal service delivery and urban governance in project towns. Full sets of support will be provided to 31 pre-selected project towns under Window-A in an integrated manner whereas only Roads and Drains improvement will be provided to 20 Project towns under Window-B of the Project in Phase-2. UGIIP-III will improve existing and provide new municipal infrastructures including (i) roads; (ii) drainages; (iii) water supply system; (iv) solid waste management facilities; (v) slaughter houses; (vi) markets, community center/ auditorium, bus and truck terminals and river ghats; (vii) public toilets, fecal sludge treatment plant; and (viii) others such as provision for street lighting and improvement of slums.
D. Extent of the IEE Study 33. Government of Bangladesh (GOB) law and ADB policy require that the environmental impacts of development projects are identified and assessed as part of the planning and design process, and that action is taken to reduce those impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through the environmental assessment (EA) process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and project development and implementation.
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II. POICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMWORK
A. ADB Policy 34. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS, 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all ADB investments. 35. Screening and categorization: The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its Environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to one of the following 4 (Four) categories: (i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts. (ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. (iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed. (iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts. 36. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project was carried out based on the feasibility study and detailed engineering designs prepared during implementation phase. 37. Environmental Management Plan: An EMP, which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment is prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the project’s impact and risks. 38. Public disclosure: ADB will post the following safeguard documents on its website. Relevant information from these documents will also be disclosed in local communities in a form and language understandable and accessible to the public. (i) for environmental category A projects, draft EIA report at least 120 days before Board consideration; (ii) final or updated EIA and/or IEE upon receipt; and (iii) environmental monitoring reports submitted by the Project Management Unit (PMU) during project implementation upon receipt.
B. GOB National Policy 39. Implementation of all subprojects will be governed by the environmental acts, rules, policies and regulations of the Government of Bangladesh. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. Many of these are cross-sectorial and several of them are directly related to environmental issues. The most important of these are the Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA, 1995), and the Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997).
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40. Table 2, presents specific requirements for the Meherpur Pourashava solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project. Provides the environmental standards for air, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, emissions, noise and vehicular exhaust. Table 2: Applicable Government of Bangladesh Environmental Legislations
Legislation Requirements for the Project Relevance Environmental Restriction on operation and The provisions of the act apply Conservation Act of process, which can be continued or to the entire subproject in the 1995 and cannot be initiated in the ecologically construction and operation amendments in 2000, critical areas and maintenance (O&M) 2002 and 2010 Regulation on vehicles emitting phases. smoke harmful to the environment Remedial measures for injuries to ecosystems Standards for quality of air, water, noise and soil for different areas for various purposes and limits for discharging and emitting waste Environmental guidelines Environmental Environmental clearances The subproject is categorized Conservation Rules Compliance to environmental quality as Red and requires location of 1997 and standards clearance certificate (LCC) amendments in 2002 and environmental clearance and 2003 certificate (ECC). All requisite clearances from DoE shall be obtained prior to commencement of civil works. Forest Act of 1927 Clearance for any felling, extraction, Considered in subproject and amendments and transport of forest produce preparation and (2000) implementation. Bangladesh Climate Ensure existing assets is put in place Considered in subproject Change Strategy and to deal with the likely impacts of preparation and Action Plan of 2009 climate change. implementation. Enhance the capacity government ministries, civil society and private sector to meet the challenge of climate change Bangladesh Labor Compliance to the provisions on Considered in the EMP. Law of 2006 employment standards, occupational safety and health, welfare and social protection, labor relations and social dialogue, and enforcement Prohibition of employment of children and adolescent
C. Government of Bangladesh Environmental Assessment Procedures 41. Under ECA, 1995 and ECR, 1997 industrial units and projects are classified into four categories according to “their site and impact on the environment” and size of investment, and each category (Green, Orange-A, Orange-B and Red) requires a different level of environmental assessment as a prerequisite for the Department of Environment (DoE) in granting the LCC and ECC that allow the project to proceed. 42. As per Schedule 1 of ECA, 1995; Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project is likely to be classified as red category (Table 3). Thus ECC is required from the DoE prior to commencement of the sub-project.
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Table 3: Likely Government of Bangladesh Classification of Meherpur Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management Sub-project Equivalent in Subproject Component DoE Classification Schedule-I of ECR Green (because bins Community storage and STS are small No similar facility bins and unlikely to have major impacts) Green (because bins Solid Secondary transfer and STS are small No similar facility Waste station and unlikely to have Management major impacts) (SWM) Waste disposal Land-Filling by (includes sanitary industrial, household landfill, composting and commercial site, or access wastes Red road) Fecal Sludge Treatment plant
43. Rule 7 of the ECR, 1997 indicates that the application for ECC must be made to the relevant DoE Divisional Officer and the application for Red category projects will include the following: i. Completed Application for ECC, and the appropriate fee; ii. Report on the feasibility of the project; iii. Report on the IEE for the sub-project and Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA; or EIA Report prepared on the basis of ToR previously approved by DoE; iv. Report on the environmental management plan (EMP); v. No objection certificate from the local authority; vi. Emergency plan relating to adverse environmental impact and plan for mitigation of the effect of pollution; and vii. Outline of the relocation and rehabilitation plan (where applicable).
44. DoE has 60 days to respond to receipt of the ECC application for a Red category project. 45. This IEE will serve the basis for the ECC application and will be supplemented to fulfill any additional government requirements.
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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS
A. The Study Area 46. Meherpur Pourashava is located at 23°44′ to 23°59′ west and 88°34′ to 88°53′ east. Meherpur Pourashava is a district town Pourashava. Meherpur Pourashava has been established in 1869. Pourashava’s present area is 17.60 square kilometres. Meherpur Sadar; is an Upazila of Meherpur District. Meherpur is the smallest district of Bangladesh in the South-western part within the Khulna Division. Before the partition in 1947, Meherpur was a part of the Nadia district of undivided India. Before 1984, it was a subdivision of Kushtia district. Meherpur consists of 1 municipality, 9 wards and 72 mahallas, 3 upazilas, 18 union parishads, 277 villages, 190 mouzas. The upazilas are Meherpur Sadar, Gangni and Mujibnagar. The location map shown in Figure-1. 47. This report contains the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project in Meherpur Pourashava. It discusses the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation of physical works proposed under the package namely UGIIP-III- 2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017. 48. Sub-project component is located in Meherpur Poura area and also in the fringe area of Pourashava. Pourashava have self-owned two dumpsites, the distance between the two sites is about 1.50 km. Pourashava is now dumping their waste on one site. Another site owned by Pourashava is completely vacant and now proposed for sanitary landfill construction under this Sub-project. At present there are no wastes are dumping on the proposed site. Except west side all the sides of the proposed site are surrounded by paddy land and mango garden, the connecting road is in west side and there is no natural habitat left at this site. The Sub-project sites are located in existing Pourashava-owned land. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the Sub-project location. There are no forest areas within or near Meherpur Pourashava. B. Indigenous People Safeguard 49. Indigenous People Planning Framework (IPPF) is required to provide guidance and appropriate mitigation measures to the ethnic minority (advise). Out of 31 Window-A Pourashavas taken up under UGIIP-III, there is possibility of affecting indigenous people only in Bandarban, Rangamati, Khagrachhari, Moulavibazar, Sherpur, Panchagarh, Muktagachha, Netrokona, Chapai Nawabganj, Singra, Belkuchi, Taherpur, Bonpara and Kakonhat Pourashava etc. The project activities are located only within the urban areas and no ethnic communities/indigenous people’s communities will be affected by the project activities. So preparation of Indigenous People Plan (IPP) document following IPPF will not be required.
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Pourashava area Under Study
Figure 1: Pourashava under UGIIP–III
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C. Existing Condition and Need for the Project 50. The solid waste management system in Meherpur is not satisfactory and environmental friendly. The Pourashava is enabled to manage this significant environmental issue due to resources constrain, lack of training and proper equipment. In spite of that, rapid urbanization, demographic growth and economic development create an extra load on Pourashava to address this issue environmentally. In the current system, Pourashava collect and dispose solid waste in a three way method; (i) Community bin service, (ii) Partially door to door collection service and (iii) Crude dumping on roadside and transfer. 51. The Pourashava generates approximately 17.500 metric tons (MT) of waste per day with a generation rate of about 0.25 kg/capita/day calculated from total population of Pourashava 70,000 (source Pourashava). At present, there are 8 fixed dustbins located in different parts of the Pourashava along with 40 to 50 temporary secondary disposal points. The Pourashava has 2 open trucks of 3 tons capacity for waste collection and 1 vacuum truck for fecal sludge disposal and 10 rickshaw vans are available in the Pourashava. The waste collection rate is 75% of the generated in the Pourashava. The door to door collections system is being operated by Pourashava itself in the ward no. 2 and ward no.7 (Partially). Collected wastes is being disposed in the private and Pourashava’s ditches or in instantly requested private land owners. This dumping will fill the low-lying areas, which will increase the land levels. Figure-2 shows the existing dumping site (ditches owned by Pourashava) and Pourashava’s waste lading truck.
Existing dumping site (Pourashava own land) Pourashava waste lading truck Figure 2: Existing Dumping site of Meherpur Pourashava
Existing Compost Plant Existing Transfer Station Figure 3: Existing compost plant and transfer station in Meherpur Pourashava
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52. Figure 3 shows the existing compost plant but presently not in operation located at the right side of entrance of proposed landfill site and a transfer station (not in use) located at the front portion of the existing dumping site. Figure 4 shows the Location of Proposed Landfill Site in Meherpur Pourashava map.
Proposed Landfill Site
Figure 4: Location of Proposed Landfill site in Meherpur Pourashava
53. Households, commercial, institutional wastes and others are piled up in the secondary storage points. The Pourashava collects waste from these designated points. Beside this, wastes from markets, institutions etc. are also collected by the Pourashava. Informal sector is prominent in recyclable collection and recycling. Rag-pickers and ferry walas collect recyclable materials from roadside bins or from the households and sell it to buyers. 54. The estimated total medical waste generation in Meherpur Pourashava is around 30 kg per day of which 25 kg is non-hazardous; 5 kg is infectious and nominal sharp waste. Comparatively small amount of medical wastes are being produced and open burning of hazardous and infectious wastes is currently being practiced by the hospitals and clinics. The residues from burning are then put into holes dug, usually within their premises and covered with soil.
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55. The Pourashava conservancy section has 2 permanent supervisory staff (1 conservancy inspector and 1 conservancy supervisor). They have a good monitoring system (attendance records) to supervise the activities of 95 daily basis cleaners (14 drain cleaners, 5 manage door to door collection by the tri-cycle rickshaw vans 6 responsible for kitchen market cleaning, 30 for the management to commercial/trade premises, 15 in roads sweeping 3 in the medical waste collection from the dust bins).
Proposed Landfill site at Meherpur on Google Map
Figure 5: Location of Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava on Google Map
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D. Existing Infrastructure (Sanitary landfill, Transfer Station & Planted drying bed) 56. Sanitary Landfill Site: Solid waste is one of the most visible and pressing urban environmental problems. Urbanization, demographic growth and economic development all contribute to the generation of wastes, which the Pourashava is hardly addressing with their limited resources such as manpower, equipment and budgets. In addition, lack of proper disposal ground is another big problem for Pourashava. Waste collection is generally done by two ways: community bin service and door-to-door collection service. Community bins are located on the streets for direct use by residents and commercial/institutional generators. In some areas, community people in coordination with the Pourashava have introduced door- to-door waste collection system and paying a little amount of service charge to meet the costs of the service. 57. An environmentally sound solid waste management system is a prerequisite for a model town concept. So a sanitary landfill is one of the essential components for a sound SWM system. Meherpur Pourashava has 2.99 acres of vacant land for construction of a sanitary landfill. The Pourashava has proposed additional 3.01 acres of land for acquisition for future extension of sanitary landfill. The overall condition of solid waste management system in the Pourashava is unsatisfactory especially in the case of a medical waste management system. Now to improve the environmental situation of the Pourashava in totality and as well to keep the parameters of model town, it has been contemplated to develop/improve the environmental situation by improving the waste disposal ground i.e. sanitary landfill proposed by the Pourashava council and which the MDSC team found appropriate. 58. Transfer Station: An existing transfer station is sited in Gorastan para Go-hata in Meherpur Pourashava which was commissioned under UNICEF project is shown in the Figure-3. This transfer station was constructed under “Support to Project Pourashava in Developing Their Waste Management” project funded by GoB-UNICEF. The transfer station was never in operation due to the lack of tri-cycle rickshaw van with supporting man power. 59. Composting Plant: Meherpur had already constructed and commissioned four TPD capacity compost plant at the right side of the entrance of the proposed landfill site. The project was implemented by the “Support to Project Pourashava in Developing Their Waste Management” project funded by GoB-UNICEF. The composting plants have covered an area of 325 m2 out of which 167 m2 is using for window area (50%). There are ten windows measuring the size of 9.14mx1.8mX1.52m. There is no detail information like drawing, detailed project report, etc. about the existing compost plant. The ultimate design capacity of the composting plant is not achieved because of lack of commercial demand of compost. Presently, compost is producing only for local demand.
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60. Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant: Meherpur Pourashava has no central sewerage system is set in place and has no fecal sludge treatment plant. Three pits were constructed by the Pourashava which have no any treatment facility shown in the picture. As a on-site facility the Pourashava people mainly depend on latrines of either single pit or twin pits, with or without septic tank and soak wells. The demand of fecal sludge volume that needs to be evacuated per day in the Pourashava is 6.4 m3 (Source sanitation PPTA team). Most of the Fecal Sludge generated are disposed in the surface drain. Generally, manual sweeper empties the pits/septic tanks manually and the extracted fecal sludge/septage is buried under soil close to the house from where it was collected. However, where there is no place nearby for disposal or owner intends to minimize cost (for digging a ditch and burying sludge), it is disposes of in nearby river/canal/drain/low laying area or sometimes near the landfill area. To improve the overall sanitation situation of the town, implementation of fecal sludge treatment plant is an essential intervention.
E. Proposed Components 61. The proposed sub-project; package UGIIP-III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017 combines SWM & Sanitation intervention in Meherpur Pourashava that stands included under the Phase-2 of the implementation of UGIIP III. In the current sub-project, there are 1(one) Sanitary Landfill, 1 (one) Renovation of Compost Plant and 1(one) Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant of 5 m3 capacity (with a provision of future expansion) and transportation system will be included under another SWM sub-project (Goods). 62. The landfill proposed under the package includes peripheral embankment, leachate management system through construction of stone drain and leachate sump, construction of storm drainage system to remove artificial ponding inside the landfill and construction of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) to manage fecal sludge. Previously the Pourashava did not conduct proper solid waste management activities due to the lack of planning, technical knowledge and financial problems including O&M budgeting. Under UGIIP-III O&M support has been given to the municipalities in order to assist them in preparing overall O&M plans. 63. The solid waste management intervention in Meherpur will satisfy the “National 3R Strategy for Waste Management”. The scope of the SWM sub-project is to develop a cost- effective and environmentally sound solid waste management system that is applicable for the secondary town. This system includes collecting, transport and disposal of solid waste as per pre-selected procedure. The solid waste management system consists of procurement of following: . Construction of sanitary landfill . Procurement of Tricycle rickshaw vans/pushcarts with tipping arrangement for HH waste collection . Procurement of uniforms & personal protective equipment (PPE) for use by the HH waste collectors, drivers and helpers (Procured by Pourashava) . Procurement of dump truck (3 ton/1.5 ton) for waste transportation . Supply colour coded bins, two types for household waste and covered vans for waste collection and treatment (Procured by Pourashava)
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(i) SWM Operational Sub-project 64. The following SWM operational sub-project will be implemented under the procurement of goods. Some of the components are described below: 65. a) Introduction of Door-to-Door Collection and Segregation of Waste: It is proposed to introduce segregation of waste at source (house level) as wet waste and dry waste. Two separate bins will be distributed to residents ‘viz., one for biodegradable waste (green colour) and the other for non-bio degradable waste (blue colour). 66. b) Primary Collection: Generally, 75%-85% (source: PPTA) of solid waste is generated in the household level. An improved waste management system will be developed under UGIIP-III intervention by selecting, at least one pilot ward in each Pourashava. The community base door-to-door waste collection system shall be introduced in the pilot ward and the waste shall be collected on a daily basis. The waste will be segregated at the source (household level) for its organic and inorganic constituents and will be collected separately so that the potential value of recyclable materials could be achieved and also to satisfy the concepts of National 3R strategy. For the purpose of separate collection, two different colour coded HDEP plastic bins with lids will be provided in each household. One green bin for organic (compostable) material and other is a blue bin for inorganic waste. The Door-to-door collection will also be implemented for slum and as well as commercial and institutional generators. The city dweller will have to pay a little amount as a service charge for the improved door-to-door solid waste collection. The Tricycle rickshaw van with two separate compartments will be procured to carry organic and inorganic waste from household and transfer to the temporary transfer station for unloading to the dump truck. Litter bins shall be provided along main roads, bus stand, other public places to avoid littering. 67. c) Secondary Collection: The organic garbage shall be emptied manually into the dump truck from tri-cycle rickshaw van inside the transfer station. Once filled up to its full capacity, the required amount it shall be transported to a composting plant and residual to the landfill site for final disposal. While unloading the waste inside the transfer station, the dump truck will reverse itself on the reverse ramp and come close to the tri-cycle rickshaw, and the tri-cycle rickshaw will be manually open to discharge its contents into the dump truck. The spill-protection fence on rear and either side of the carrier will open to facilitate the transfer of waste from tricycle rickshaw van. Secondary collection from market areas and temporary storage points is proposed to carry out by the existing vehicles under use and procured vehicle. It is proposed to sweep all the roads and lanes with dense habitation or commercial activities on a day to day basis, alternate day sweeping in medium dense wards and once in 3 days/once in a week sweeping in the remaining wards. Push carts are proposed for road sweeping and drain cleaning. The sweepers shall transfer waste from push carts to the dump truck that are located within a reasonable distance.
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68. Transfer Station: (Direct Unloading): An existing transfer station is sited in Gorastan para Go-hata in Meherpur which was commissioned under “Support to Project Pourashava in Developing their Waste Management” project funded by GoB-UNICEF. No further activity on transfer station has been proposed under this sub-project. 69. Sanitary Landfill: An environmentally sound solid waste management system is a prerequisite for a model town concept. So a sanitary landfill is one of the essential components for a sound SWM system. Meherpur Pourashava has 2.99 acres of vacant land for construction of a sanitary landfill. The Pourashava has proposed additional 3.01 acres of land for acquisition for future extension of sanitary landfill. The Pourashava has an area of 17.60 km2 with a relatively smaller population density of 3977 person/km2. By one assumption, around 43% of the total area could be considered non-core, i.e. an area with lesser HH/Area of the Pourashava. Now to improve the environmental situation of the Pourashava in totality and as well to keep the parameters of model town, it has been contemplated to develop/improve the environmental situation by improving the waste disposal ground i.e. sanitary landfill proposed by the Pourashava council and which the MDSC team found appropriate. 70. The sanitary landfill site consists of peripheral embankment, peripheral storm drain, leachate collection system, storm drainage for removal internal ponding, landfill gas venting system, leachate treatment facilities, control room, worker and equipment room, dump truck cleaning facilities etc. 71. Landfill liner: From the pegiometric test it revealed that the ground water table is at a depth of 6.00m from the original ground level of the landfill site. As per the design criteria it should be at least 1.00m below the base of the landfill. As per design the base will be at 3.00m from the OGL. From the Sub-soil investigation it reveals that the soil under the proposed site is sandy. As such the sodium bentonite is to be added to make the soil layer impervious and will act as a bottom liner for landfill. 72. Leachate Collection and Removal System: Leachate is generated due to exposure of uncovered waste to the precipitation and should be collected and treated to prevent contamination of ground water. In worst/adverse case (in rainy season) this leachate generation from landfill area and compost plant works out will be about 50 m3/day. The main components of the leachate collection systems are a herringbone shape leachate storage trenches for collection and storage of leachate in the interior of the landfill specifically in the base. The leachate storage system is connected and ultimate linked with the leachate sump.
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The system for the collection and storage of leachate consists of a horizontal network of stone trenches, interrupted with “screens” that are earthen walls of the terrain itself. The main stone trenches are 600mm by 1600mm and branches are 450mm by 1300mm in size. The earthen screens are installed at intervals of ten meters, with a width of 600mm by 1300mm. These small blocks of earth are simply left intact in the ditch. To ensure that the leachate will remain stored inside the landfill without over flowing the ditches, a free margin of some 300mm will be left between the screen and the ground surface level. 73. For greater storage capacity, the trenches are filled with stones measuring 100mm to 150mm in size. A woven geotextile of Grade-III-DF-40—2.3mm thick and 25mm to 50mm stone is to place over these stones that will permit the infiltration of the liquids and retain fine particles that might cause silting. (ii) Treatment of Leachate 74. Biological Co-treatment with Fecal Sludge: Leachate collection facility (leachate sump) will be constructed to receive the leachate for treatment and from time to time by re- circulating for further decomposition of leachate. In extreme cases, where leachate generation cannot be controlled, in view of the fact that, a biological co-treatment will be applied to improve the quality of this liquid as much as possible. In this extreme case, treatment method of leachate may be planted drying bed with integrated settler and anaerobic percolating filter, build in the landfill site. The BOD to COD ratio of leachate will be tested in a regular interval to confirm with the acceptable limit specified in Schedule-4 of SWM Rules, 2010. 75. The leachate will be collected in a leachate sump, where there are two chambers. The first one will be used as a settler. Here the fine semi solid materials will be settled. The liquid part will be flown to the second chamber, from where it may be collected for irrigation, after treatment described above. 76. Internal Drainage Ditches: A peripheral internal drainage network of 366 m in total length has been considered in design to remove internal flooding from unusual precipitation. A perforated 300mm concrete pipes in place will be installed and filling the ditches with stones and gravel size 100mm to 159mm and 50mm to 100mm to act as a filter. A woven geotextile of Grade-III-DF-40—2.3mm thick shall be placed over the 1st layer of stone filter to prevent silting up. 77. Gas Collection and Venting: In designing the Meherpur landfill, a gas venting system consists of perforated uPVC piping lined with stone that function as chimneys or vents, penetrating the whole landfill vertically have been considered. These vents will built to link with the leachate drainage at the bottom of the landfill, and they will be projected to the surface, for more efficient drainage of both leachate and gases. These vents will be built vertically as the landfill advances, to ensure that the material around them is well compacted. It is recommended in the design that each vent will have a diameter of 50 mm and they will be installed at a interval of 30.00m. When the last cell is about to be completed, one uPVC pipe one metal pipe will set in place. The uPVC pipe will be perforated to facilitate the intake and drainage of gases. The second one will not be perforated, to allow methane gas to be burned on exit; this burning eliminates the odors produced by other gases at the same time. To facilitate the burning of the methane, a metal pipe cap is to be installed and a wick to light the gas as it comes out of the pipe. 78. Monitoring Wells: As a result of the mechanisms of decomposition of solid wastes that occur in the landfill, liquids, gases, and intermediate products are generated. Some are retained in the site wells, while others can be carried and/or solubilized by the liquids that seep through the layers of earth and waste to reach water sources. Therefore, although monitoring wells are not strictly necessary in small manual landfill projects, they are nevertheless recommended as a means of detecting the probable pollution of groundwater resulting from the construction of the sanitary landfill. These wells can be dug manually and,
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depending on the type of soil, measures will be taken to prevent cave-ins during excavation. Once the water table has been found, granular material is placed at the bottom and an 8” diameter pipe will installed, wide enough to permit the entry of a plastic bottle or flask for the collection of water samples. When the piping has been installed, the rest of the well will filled with the excavated earth. (iii) Landfill Associated Infrastructure Facilities 79. It is proposed to provide the basic infrastructure of proper road access, fence, gate house, control room, workers and equipment room, washing and toilets for staff and worker, green belt/buffer zone, water supply, lighting etc. The details are given below: 80. a) Internal Roads and Rainwater Drainage: The internal circulation roads of 1650 m2 with 4.5 m within the landfill is included in the landfill design since there will be problems during the rainy season due to the continuous traffic of refuse collection trucks. The HBB pavement has been proposed for the circular road to make it kept dry and in a good condition to prevent vehicles from getting stuck or turning over. The outer peripheral storm drain is included in the design to facilitate and disposal of rain water. 81. b) Perimeter Fence: The site should be enclosed with a barbed wire fence of 485 m in length and 1.830 m in height, made of 11 horizontal and 4 diagonal ply with MS entry gate size 5.00 m wide with two door system. The height of the fence is 1.82 m with RCC post placed at the rate of 2.43 m C/C. This fence will prevent cattle and other animals from wandering into the landfill, as this hinders the operation and destroys the waste cells, especially after the workers have gone home. The gate also restricts the entry of unauthorized people, thus enhancing the discipline and security of the landfill. 82. c) Buffer Area and Protection: In the slope of the embankment will serve as a 360 m wide with a 1318 m2 buffer zone that will mitigate any possible negative impact of the waste operations on neighboring properties. In this buffer area it is important to plant a hedge of shrubs and trees that will prevent neighbors and passers-by from seeing the MSW and the landfill operation. Surplus earth excavated from the trenches can sometimes be used to raise a screening berm for the same purpose. This zone will improve the aesthetics of the landfill and provide litter control by stopping blowing papers and plastic. The fast-growing trees and shrubs such as pine, eucalyptus, laurel, bamboo, etc. are suggested for buffer zone plantation. 83. d) Control room, Worker room and Equipment room: The existing semi-pucca composing plant shed of size 20.57m x19.56m is consists of supervisor room, equipment room toilet and washroom. This Composting shed will have to be renovated for using as a control room, worker room and equipment room of the sanitary landfill. This will serve as a multi-use facility: checkpoint for entry control; storage place for small tools (shovels, pickaxes, etc.); washrooms, changing rooms and lockers for the workers; shelter in the event of rain. This control building will be provided with a table or desk and one or more chairs, so that the supervisor has a suitable place to update the records of activities. In addition to the above, an open area of about 480 m2 is earmarked for fecal sludge treatment plant. The area for waste segregation and recycling and vehicle washing area and vehicle parking area are also earmarked; and there will an electrical works for street lighting and internal lighting. (iv) Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant 84. Present situation: Fecal sludge/septage, contained in pits or septic tanks is mostly desludge manually by sweepers (Methors), operating either privately or are engaged by the Pourashava. The extracted fecal sludge/septage is buried under soil close to the house from where it was collected. In most of the cases, the scavengers work without any form of protective equipment, leading to health problems. However, when there is no place nearby for disposal or the owner intends to minimize the cost (for digging a ditch and burying sludge), it is disposed off in a nearby river/canal/drain/low lying area or sometimes near the solid waste dumping areas. This practice poses serious health problem.
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85. To overcome this situation Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant will be installed in the Meherpur to improve the present health hazard situation. The Pourashava Authority will launch a massive awareness champagne related to the health issues of present unhygienic disposal of fecal sludge. They will enforce regulation and disconnect the illegal connection of septic tank with drain. The overflow of septic tank can be minimized by applying building control rule for hygienic septic tank construction. A Vacutag (Vacuum Tanker) will be provided to the Pourashava for the desludging of septic tank. The inhabitant when required to emptying their septic tank will call Pourashava to desludging septic tank. The Pourashava Authority will desludging septic tank with the help of Vacutag by charging an affordable tariff to the proposed sludge treatment plant. The proposed sludge treatment plant consists of screen chamber, planted drying bed, Integrated settler with anaerobic filter and maturation pond. 86. a) Screen chamber: The de-sludging truck will dump the fecal sludge/septage at a receiving point, from where it will pass through a screen chamber, where the inorganic solids will be trapped and the liquid part will pass through the screen chamber. The inorganic solids accumulated will be dried up and removed gradually to the landfill site. 87. b) Planted Drying Bed: The sludge from the screen chamber is further conveyed to the planted drying beds. A Planted Drying Bed (PDB) is simple, permeable bed. The drying bed bottom is lined with perforated pipes to facilitate the percolation. On top of the pipes are layers of sand and gravel filters that support the vegetation. The Plants absorb sludge moistures are Echinochloa Pyramidali, Cattails or Phragmites. Through moisture loss and degradation, the sludge volume continuously reduces and the plants and their root systems helps in maintaining porosity in the sludge layer. The fecal sludge is fed into different compartments of the planted drying bed on as per the designed resting period. 88. c) Integrated Settler with Anaerobic Filter: The percolate from the planted drying bed enters the next treatment module that is an integrated settler with anaerobic filter followed by a maturation pond. Dissolved solids and organic content is still present in this wastewater and therefore it needs to be treated further through sedimentation and digestion process. These modules provide partial nutrient removal, hygienisation and organic load reduction and in the pond, increase the dissolved oxygen content. 89. The settler is a watertight structure made of concrete or brick for the storage and treatment of wastewater. Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment is only moderate as the retention time provided is between two to three hours. Generally, settler should be emptied every 2-3 years, although they should be checked yearly to ensure proper functioning. Generally, the removal of 50% of solids, 30 – 40% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and a 1- log removal of E.-coli can be expected in a well-designed settler although efficiencies vary greatly depending on operation and maintenance and climactic conditions. Anaerobic Filters (AF) are also known as fixed bed or fixed film reactors. AF tanks are underground closed watertight tanks with chamber in series with a fixed filter media. They are generally used as a secondary treatment module for pre- treated wastewater. AF includes the treatment of non-settle able and dissolved solids through sedimentation and sludge digestion. Filter material such as gravel, rocks, cinder or specially formed plastic pieces provide additional surface area for bacteria to grow. The pre- settled wastewater is made to pass through active bacteria mass growing on the filter media. It is estimated that sludge percolate form the planted drying bed is expected to have dissolved solids and an organic load of around 800-1000 mg/l of COD. In order to remove the organic load an integrated settler with anaerobic filter is provided. The settler is a two- chambered structure with a retention time of 2.5 hours. The overflow from the settler flows into two chambers of anaerobic filter with a retention time of 22 hours. The outlet of the AF will flow into a maturation pond for further oxygenation and hygienisation. For high rainfall incidence, it is proposed to provide for a bypass pipe from the percolate collection chamber directly to the pond.
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90. d) Maturation Pond: A maturation pond is a shallow pond constructed with a maximum depth of one metre to allow for oxygenation through surface exchange and hygienisation through ultra violet radiation from sunlight. Some sedimentation might also take place in the pond. It helps in reduction of organic matter, removal of odour and colour and hygienisation. For the proposed unit, the maturation pond has been provided a retention time of four days in the design (pond radius is 2.5m). However, in case there is a space constraint, a smaller pond with a retention time of 2 days can be provided (radius of 1.25m). The treated water from the pond can be safely used for irrigation purpose.
F. Proposed Investment for Solid Waste and Sanitation Management 91. Considering all aspects as delineated above, an estimated cost has been prepared for proposed for the Solid Waste and Sanitation Management subproject in Meherpur Pourashava. Summary of the estimated cost is presented below:
Table 4: Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management subproject in Meherpur Pourashava
Name of Package Name of Scheme Area in Sqm. Amount (BDT) UGIIP-III- Construction of Sanitary 11,378.00 17,254,121.00 2/MEHE/SWM+SN Landfill /01/2016 Compost Plant Renovation 404.20 716,179.00 Construction of Fecal Sludge 1096.34 8,301,114.00 Treatment Plant Package Grand Total 26,271,414.00
G. Capacity building and community awareness campaign 92. The sub-project will involve training waste workers (drivers, collectors, landfill operators, etc.) and Nagorik committees. Awareness raising campaigns will be done by Meherpur Pourashava with assistance of the consultant teams to promote the 3R. 93. Detailed designs have been made considering the above factors. The inventory and proposed interventions are listed in Table 5.
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Table 5: Components of Meherpur Solid Waste Management Subproject Components Materials/goods Unit Quantity Area Required and Location A. Primary waste collection i. Waste collection plastic bins for 1,000 households Color coded (green for organic, blue for inorganic), Nos. 2,000 None. To be located within 10 liter (L) capacity, covered premises of households. ii. Tricycle rickshaws–each tricycle will have two Tricycle Nos. 12 Not applicable.(NA) compartments. One compartment will be used for organic waste and other for inorganic waste. iii. Uniforms and personal protective equipment (PPE) for use Uniform and PPE Sets 12 NA by the household waste workers/collectors B. Secondary waste collection i. Tri-cycle rickshaw van for waste collection and carrying Tricycle rickshaw Nos. 12 NA segregated waste to the landfill site/compost plant ii. Dump truck (3 ton capacity) for waste transportation to Dump truck Nos. 1 NA sanitary landfill for final disposal iii. Uniforms and personal protective equipment (PPE) for use Uniform and PPE Sets 10 NA by the waste workers at the transfer station and MRFs C. Composting plant Existing composting plant (semi-mechanized with aerobic 3 tons capacity No. 1 Area= 330m2at landfill composting) with shredders, aerators, turning and sieving site equipment, bagging, quality control equipment, etc. with shredders, aerators, turning and sieving equipment, bagging, quality control equipment, etc. Uniforms and personal protective equipment (PPE) for use Uniform and PPE Sets 10 NA by the waste workers at the composting plant D. Controlled landfill Construction of embankment Earth m 330 Around the landfill site Tree plantation Selected tree Nr. 1000 Around the landfill site Construction of impermeable layer by bentonite sealants at the Sodium bentonite kg 1:10 ratio Base area and area of inner base of the site and inner side slope of the embankment or side slope of the embankment ground water protection, in case no underneath impermeable oil layer there (subject to the detailed geological investigation during detailed design) Construction of leachate collection sump RCC reservoir m2 4 Within the landfill area Leachate collection trenches Earthen trench filled with stone as a filter material m 263 Within the landfill area Leachate circulation systems-hosepipe, pump, sprinklers set 1 Within the landfill site
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Components Materials/goods Unit Quantity Area Required and Location Control room Frame structure building m2 18.46 Within the landfill site Worker room Frame structure building m2 22.21 At the front side of the landfill site Equipment room Frame structure building m2 4 At the front side of the landfill site Existing compost plant /area 3 ton capacity Office, worker shed, bagging area, screen shed, m2 330 Within the landfill site curing shed, windrow platform, Water supply and sanitation At all required locations Storm water drainage m 305 Along the embank. Wheel loader Wheel loader No. 1 To be parked at the heavy equipment shed Uniforms and personal protective equipment (PPE) for use Uniform and PPE Sets 20 Not applicable. by the waste workers at the controlled disposal site. E. Awareness campaigning, capacity building training Awareness campaigning Advertisement on newspapers, No 24 NA Posters No 5000 NA Discussion meetings, etc. No 12 NA Capacity building training Pilot scheme-van drivers and waste pickers (20 No. 2 NA participants) Waste collector/van drivers (10 participants) No. 1 NA Incinerator operation Technician (2 technicians) No. 1 NA Pourashava personnel (10 participants) No. 2 NA Landfill workers (10 participants) No. 2 Composting technicians and workers (10) No. 2 NA
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Waste segregation at household 1000 households in ward no-9
Collection of wastes from 1000 households Organic wastes daily by six tricycle vans Inorganic wastes weekly by one tricycle vans
Loading of collected organic waste into a waste Storage of collected recyclable inorganic dump trucks directly wastes in a room (15ftx20ft) located within ward no-9
Transporting of organic wastes to the composting Manual sorting of recyclable inorganic site wastes into different categories (paper, plastic, metal cans etc.)
Composting of the organic wastes in the compost Selling the sorted recyclables to waste plant quality ensuring bagging and marketing vendors and making money
Application of the composts to agricultural field, vegetable gardens, etc for enriching organic content of soils
Combined waste Organic waste Inorganic/recyclable wastes Figure 6: Schematic Diagram of Solid Waste Management in Meherpur Pourashava
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Figure 7: Layout Plan of Meherpur Landfill site as per Design
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Figure 8: Section of Meherpur Landfill Site
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Figure 9: Layout Plan and Section of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plan
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H. Implementation Schedule 94. Substantial time is required spanning the continuum of sub-project preparation, approval, survey, design & estimate, contract award and contract execution. Efforts needs to be made to meticulously follow the schedule should a timely implementation of work is aimed at. 95. Normally the construction work season in Bangladesh runs from October through May (eight months). Construction works are sometimes impeded for the following reasons. 1) Early floods in April/May, 2) Late floods in September/October, 3) Natural calamities (cyclone/tornado, excessive floods) occur in April/May and October/November. 4) Normally, the best construction period is only for 6 months a year (October to March). The construction period is sometimes squeezed to 4 months due to natural calamities. 96. However, sometimes, based on time constraint or exigency, construction work may even need to be carried out in the monsoon. Besides, whenever possible, simultaneousness of activities can be ascertained and cashed in on and consequently, quantum of work can be maximized through efficient planning and adoption of best available practice. 97. Summing up, over a 30-month period, major works are advisable to take place between August, 2017 to November, 2018. A tentative time-schedule for implementation (only as an indication) is shown overleaf.
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Table 6: Implementation schedule for Meherpur Solid Waste Management Sub-project
Subproject Implementation Schedule for Package-UGIIP-III-2/MEHE/SWM+SN/01/2017 (Tentative) Item of Period: July 2016-December 2018 (Phase-II) 2.5 years works 2017 2018 2019 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06
Assessment of the Sub-project Supported by field visit Preparation and approval of sub-projects Preparation of the bid documents Tendering of the sub-project and the work order Execution of the physical work Final inspection and certification
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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. Methodology Used for the Baseline Study 98. Data collection and stakeholder consultations: Data for this study has been primarily collected through comprehensive literature survey, discussion with stakeholder agencies and field visits to the proposed subproject sites. The literature survey broadly covered the following: (i) Sub-project details, reports, maps and other documents available with the ADB, MDS consultants, LGED and Meherpur Pourashava; (ii) relevant acts and extraordinary gazettes and guidelines issued by Government of Bangladesh agencies; and (iii) literature on land use, soil, geology, hydrology, climate, socioeconomic profiles, and environmental planning documents collected from Government of Bangladesh agencies and websites.
99. Several visits to the sub-project sites were made to assess the existing environment (physical, biological, and socioeconomic) and gather information with regard to the proposed sites and scale of the proposed sub-project. Demographic information, archaeological and religious places, densely populated pockets, and settlements were gathering from PDP and other documents. 100. Data analysis and interpretation: The data collected was analyzed and interpretations made to assess the physical, biological and socioeconomic features of the sub-project area. The relevant information is presented in the succeeding paragraphs. 101. Updating during detailed design phase: The IEE including specific description of the environment and corridor of impact has been updated as necessary based on the final design and locations.
B. Physical Characteristics 102. Topography, soil and Geology: Meherpur Pourashava area topography is naturally flat plain area. According to the Bangladesh Geological Survey map, Meherpur district is located within deltaic silt. The characteristic of the soil is sandy soil in this area. It is surrounded by the River Bhairab, Mathabhaga and Kazli, at the north and west. 103. Climatic conditions: The climate of the Pourashava area is observably moderate and mild, with relatively equable temperature and high humidity owing to plenty of rainfall. In Meherpur, the annual average temperature is 34.90C (maximum) and is 12.20C (minimum). The annual rainfall is 1613.06 mm above and annual average temperature 250C. The rainfall occurs, 78% during May to October and 90% during May to March of the year. 104. Surface water and other bodies of water: The Bhairab river west zone and Gopalpur khal east zone passing through the Meherpur Pourashava. The water of this river is not in good condition and people do not use it. The outlets of Pourashava drains fall in the Bhairab River. 105. Air quality: As there are no major industries in Meherpur the main sources of air pollution are vehicles and non-point sources such as open burning. There are currently no air quality monitoring stations are in operation within the Pourashava limit. There is a one Bus terminal but four bus stoppages are available where about 150 buses make halt age every day. Besides, others motorized vehicles move through the area specially loaded trucks to other districts. Direct observation cannot detect the air quality standards but fine dust around the bus stand is notable. The air quality test will be done before commencement of work and will treat as baseline and all other measurements during implementation will be reported as part of EMP implementation. Direct observation shows that air quality is generally good.
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106. Acoustic environment: Subproject components are in the built-up part of Meherpur Pourashava with residential, commercial, and institutional establishments. The volume of traffic that passes through these sections is not significant and traffic jams are not frequent. However vehicular movement can be considered as major cause of noise pollution. The baseline noise level will be measured by the subproject contractors prior to commencement of work. The results will be provided in the updated IEE/EIA and all other measurements during implementation will be reported as part of EMP implementation.
C. Biological Characteristics 107. Flora and fauna: Subproject components are located in Meherpur urban area or in its immediate surroundings which were converted into urban use for years ago, and there is no natural habitat left at these sites. Animals and plants in the subproject area are those commonly found in urban and built-up areas. No endangered/protected species of either flora or fauna are found in the Pourashava or its immediate surroundings. 108. Protected areas: There are no protected forests, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the sub-project area.
D. Socioeconomic Characteristics 109. Area and population: Meherpur Pourashava occupies an area of 17.60 km2 with population of 43000 (BSS 2011). Recent survey and estimated (by Pourashava on March 2015) shows the population is 70000 of which male population is 34017 and female population 35983. It is divided into 9 wards. The rate of population growth was 4.95 percent which is much higher than the national average urban population growth rate of 3.95 percent. The main reason for that is expansion of rapid urbanization and increase in trade and commerce and due to migration of people from neighboring Upazilas and Zillas to live in this naturally beautiful Pourashava. As a result, demand for infrastructure is also increasing rapidly. Density of population is 4095 person/Sq.km. A details population table of the Pourashava is given in Table 7. Table 7: Population of Meherpur Pourashava Average Administrative Area Households Total Household Density Unit (sq. km) (nos.) Population (per sq.km) Size Meherpur 17.60 14550 70000 4.85 3977 Pourashava Ward No - 01 1.62 1442 7525 5.21 4645 Ward No - 02 1.65 1490 7152 4.8 4335 Ward No - 03 1.50 1463 7022 4.79 4681 Ward No - 04 1.77 1788 8584 4.80 4850 Ward No - 05 2.52 1591 7637 4.80 3031 Ward No - 06 1.63 1412 6780 4.80 4160 Ward No - 07 2.69 1846 8862 4.80 3294 Ward No - 08 2.40 1665 7994 4.80 3331 Ward No - 09 1.82 1759 8444 4.80 4660 Source: Poura community report, Zilla: Meherpur, 2015 110. Land use: The study of the land use pattern is based on extensive physical survey which was accomplished through GPS system. Total Land use Cultivable land 33635. 26 hectares, fallow land 131.89 hectares; single crop 45%, double crop 20% and treble crop land 35%; cultivable land under irrigation 70%. Land control Among the peasants, 24% are landless, 35% small, 28% intermediate and 13% rich; land per head 0.15 hectare. 111. Literacy: As per Meherpur Pourashava information average literacy rate is 65.62% (including male & female) is literate. (BBS, 2011).
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112. Existing provisions for pedestrians and other forms of transport: Total length of the roads & drains in Meherpur Pourashava is 104.58 km & 43.22 km and generally fall in to three roads categories: BC road, WBC road and earthen road and three drains categories; RCC drain, Brick drain and Earthen drain. Most of these roads & drains have uneven-rough surface, damaged topping and pavement sides, narrow in width and without roadside footpath and thus incapable of accommodating road traffic. The road surfaces are worn out partly and in some cases entirely. Though the Pourashava is not flood prone but as the houses nearby roads are much higher than the roads, the water from houses cause water logging on the roads because of insufficiency in number of drains for drainage of water especially during rainy season. Justifiably, they call for intervention varying from normal significant maintenance to large improvement/ reconstruction. The overall road and drain condition of Meherpur Pourashava is presented in Table 8. Table 8: Conditions of Roads and Drain in Meherpur Pourashava Sl. Type of Road Length in km Existing condition 1 BC Road 72.58 Around 45% in bad condition 2 HBB Road - 3 RCC Road - 4 WBM Road 17.00 Around 75% in bad condition 5 Earthen Road 15.00 Around 85% in bad condition Total 104.58 Overall condition of the roads is not good Sl. Type of Drain Length in km Existing condition 1 RCC Drain 6.50 Around 40% in bad condition 2 Brick Drain 12.70 Around 80% in bad condition 3 Earthen Drain 25.00 Around 85% in bad condition Total 43.20 Overall condition of the drains is not good
113. Water supply: The Pourashava’s water supply system comprises of 5 production tube wells, 1120 privately owned tube wells, 3614 water connections, 92.5 km of transmission and distribution mains. The system operates 08 to 10 hours a day. The supplied water is free of iron and arsenic and hence does not require any treatment. The current demand is 80 liters capita per day and only 65% of the population is served. The available information reveals that the piped water supply system in Meherpur Pourashava was introduced in 1962. 114. Sanitation: The existing sanitary condition in Meherpur Pourashava is relatively poor. As per Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics data for 2011, 52.9% of the Pourashava population has water sealed latrines, 37.9% have latrines that are not water-sealed, 2.9% of the population has non-sanitary facilities while the remaining 1.3% have no toilets. Meherpur Pourashava have sewerage system and disposal/treatment facilities. 115. Field visits during the project preparation revealed septic tanks or the pits are occasionally emptied manually by sweepers when those are full or become non-operational to some extent. The collection and disposal practice of fecal sludge is very unhygienic due to disposal of sludge in low lands or in drains near the neighborhood which is unhealthy and source of pollution of the nearby environment including the water bodies.
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Figure 10: Existing Sanitation (Public Toilets) in Meherpur
116. Other existing amenities for community welfare: The Pourashava appears to grow with an unplanned development. Major installations, commercial and residential areas grow along the main highway and roads in the Pourashava. The town has a literacy rate of Meherpur Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 25.7%; male 32.4% and female 20.6%. Educational institutions: college 4, high school 17, primary school 104, primary training institute 1, vocational training institute 1, nursing institute 1. Noted educational institution: Victoria Jubilee Government High School (1880).There is 1 telephone exchange, and 1 Post office, and 95% of the houses have electricity. 117. There are 2 graveyard, 1 burning crematorium, 2 government hospital, 28 government primary schools, 12 high schools, 2 girls’ schools, 4 Colleges, and 1 polytechnic Institute. Apart from these, there are madrasas (community based religious institutes) established with private initiatives and operated and managed privately.
E. Historical, Cultural and Archaeological Characteristics 118. Meherpur is the smallest district of Bangladesh in the South-western part within the Khulna Division. Before the partition in 1947, Meherpur was a part of the Nadia district of undivided India. Before 1984, it was a subdivision of Kushtia district. Bangladesh's Proclamation of Independence was solemnly made at the village Baidyanathtola (now Mujibnagar), on 17 April 1971 of this district. The first provisional Government of Bangladesh began here under the leadership of Tajuddin Ahmed. After that day on 18 April 1971, the Pakistani army killed 8 people at village of Amjhupi. 119. Ecological Resources: The ecological setting is mostly with wetland, homestead and roadside vegetation, etc. Homestead vegetation has a positive effect on improvement of soil moisture through the shading and mulching process. Trees growing at homesteads also provide easy access to fuel wood, fodder and other products. A large number of multipurpose trees (fruit, timber, fodder, medicine) are grown in the area. The most common among them are jackfruit, mango, lemon, banana, etc. Some Mangrove vegetation has been noticed in the area. Two major types of fauna viz. terrestrial and aquatic fauna have been identified in and around the area. 120. Birds, Wildlife and Wetland Habitats: Other than common birds like crows, sparrows, shaliks, cuckoos etc. and some domestic cattle, no wild animals inhabit the area. Wildlife that fully depends on the terrestrial land throughout their whole life for shelter, food, nesting, breeding and producing offspring is called terrestrial fauna. The main types of terrestrial fauna are amphibian, reptile, bird and mammal. Aquatic habitats are common in the project area due to the numerous freshwater lowlands, ponds, wetlands and rivers.
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V. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND SAFEGUARDS
A. Methodology 121. Issues for consideration have been raised by the following means: (i) input from interested and affected parties; (ii) desktop research of information relevant to the proposed sub-project; (iii) site visits; and (iv) evaluation of proposed design scope as per Consultants study and potential impacts. 122. The area of impacts considered are: (i) existing dumpsite adjacent to Meherpur-Dhaka Highway some 1.50 km away from the Pourashava; (iii) site of the composting plant at the landfill site, and (iv) immediate surroundings of the landfill site facilities (30 m circumference). Categorization of the subproject and formulation of mitigation measures have been guided by ADB’s REA Checklist for solid waste management (Appendix 3) and ADB SPS, 2009. B. Screening out Areas of No Significant Impact 123. From the detailed design and results of the rapid environmental assessment, it is clear that implementation of Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub- project will not have major negative impacts because activities will be localized/site-specific and short in duration. Moreover, the area of impact of the sub-project will be on existing sites, vacant lands, and immediate surroundings and construction will be conducted within a relatively small confined area. Because of these there are several aspects of the environment that are not expected to be affected by the sub-project Table 9 and thus can be screened out of the assessment at this stage but will be assessed again during detailed design stage and before implementation. Table 9: Fields in Which the Sub-project is Not expected to have Significant Impacts
Field Rationale
A. Physical Characteristics Topography, landforms, geology Required amount of materials will not cause alteration of and soils topography, landforms, geology and soils. Erosion hazard is insignificant as trenching and excavation works will be conducted only during construction stage (short-term) and specific to sites far from locality. Climatic conditions Short-term production of dust is the only effect on atmosphere. However, impact is short-term, site-specific and within a relatively small area. There are well developed methods for mitigation. B. Biological Characteristics Biodiversity Activities being located in the built-up area of Meherpur Pourashava will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. But, on the other hand, construction activities requires cutting of trees to develop and expansion for the proposed landfill areas for solid waste management. C. Socioeconomic Characteristics Land use No alteration on land use. Rehabilitation of existing Solid Waste Management is prioritized over new construction, using vacant government land and far from locality. Type of community spread No alteration on type of community spread. Existing provisions for pedestrians Road closure is not anticipated. Hauling of construction and other forms of transport materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. However, the proposed sub-project will be far from locality and impact is short-term, site-specific and
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Field Rationale within a relatively small area. There are well developed methods for mitigation. Socio-economic status Sub-project components will be located in Pourashava owned land and far from locality thus there is no requirement for land acquisition or any resettlements. Manpower will be required during the 18-month construction stage. This can result in generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and long-term. Other existing amenities for Although construction of sub-project components involves community welfare quite simple techniques of civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and the sub-project sites being in built-up areas of Meherpur Pourashava where there are a variety of human activities, will result in impacts to the sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses and the community in general.
C. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Planning and Design Phase 124. Sub-project selection criteria: The sub-project environmental assessment and review framework specifies environmental criteria to avoid or minimize adverse impacts during the identification and finalization of solid waste management sub-project. Table 10 summarizes criteria and design considerations as per final design. Table 10: Site and Design Considerations to Meet EARF Environmental Criteria Sl. Components Environmental Selection Guidelines Remarks No 1. Overall i. Comply with all requirements of relevant - Requisite LCC and ECC to be selection national and local laws, rules, and obtained prior to commencement guideline guidelines. of works ii. Avoid/minimize where possible locations - Not present in Meherpur in protected areas, including notified Pourashava reserved forests or biodiversity conservation hotspots (wetlands, national reserves, forest reserves, and sanctuaries). iii. Avoid possible locations that will result in --Use of “chance find” procedures destruction/disturbance to historical and in the EMP that include a pre- cultural places/values. approved management and conservation approach for materials that may be discovered during project implementation. iv. Avoid tree-cutting where possible. -Permit for tree-cutting to be Retain mature roadside trees which are obtained by contractor/sprier to important/valuable or historically significant. commencement of work If any trees have to be removed, plant two -Compensatory plantation for new trees for every one that is lost. trees lost at a rate of 2 trees for every tree cut, in addition to tree plantation as specified in the design, will be implemented by the contractor, who will also maintain the saplings for the duration of his contract. v. Ensure all planning and design - All consultations during project interventions and decisions are made in preparation are documented and consultation with local communities and concerns expressed by public include women. Reflect inputs from public addressed in the IEE. consultation and disclosure for site
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Sl. Components Environmental Selection Guidelines Remarks No selection. vi. Synchronize all road improvement and -Considered in the design pipe laying works (to extent possible) to minimize disturbance and optimize use of resources (e.g., water pipes laid prior to road improvements). 2. Solid Waste i. Ensure small transfer stations are not - Not included in the sub-project Management located within 30m of residences, schools, places of worship (such as churches, temples or mosques) and historical and cultural places. ii. Ensure all new landfills and secondary - Not applicable. Sub-project will transfer stations are not constructed in involve rehabilitation and upgrade areas where the groundwater table is less of existing dumpsite. than 2 meters below ground level. iii. Locate all new landfills at least 250 m - Sub-project will involve from habitation, sensitive receptors, shops, rehabilitation and upgrade of or any other premises used by people, thus existing dumpsite. The site is establishing a buffer zone to reduce the 3.0 km from the core urban area. effects of noise and dust and the visual There are no habitation, sensitive appearance of the site. receptors, and/or shops within or adjacent to the site iv. Locate all new facilities/buildings at sites - Flood statistics data of the where there is low risk of flooding or other project area will be reviewed hazards that might impair functioning of, or during detailed design phase. present a risk of damage to the facilities, or Flood protection measures will be their environs. incorporated in the design v. Ensure no new landfills are constructed - There are no sources of water within or near water supply wells, and at supply (tube wells) within 50 least 500 m of any groundwater wells meters of the landfill site vi. Ensure a buffer zone is provided around - Included in the sub-project the landfill with the distance agreed upon design with the regulatory agencies vii. Ensure designs and operations of new - Preliminary design of the landfills are done as per norms of modern controlled landfill includes liner sanitary facilities and to include all essential system to prevent leachate, elements necessary to prevent leachate collection system and environmental pollution and to ensure safe control facility, gas collection handling of waste during construction and system, final cover system, operation. surface water drainage system, environmental monitoring system for air, water, soil, odour, and gas. Operations and maintenance manual (O&M) will include closure and post-closure plan
125. Land Acquisition and Resettlement: The existing dumping site is owned by Meherpur Pourashava. Any land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts will be addressed in the DDR/RPs prepared as per requirements of ADB SPS and Government of Bangladesh rules and regulations. 126. Cutting of trees will not be required as per preliminary design. This will be reassessed during detailed design stage and if cutting of trees will be required, compensatory plantation for trees lost at a rate of 2 trees for every tree cut will be implemented by the contractor, who will also maintain the saplings for the duration of his contract.
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127. Planning principles and design considerations have been reviewed and incorporated into the site planning process whenever possible. Locations and siting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce impacts. The sub-project will be in properties held by the Pourashava and access to the sub-project sites is through existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur. 128. The concepts considered in design of the Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project are: (i) locating facilities on lands owned by the Pourashava to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people;(ii) taking all possible measures in design and selection of site to avoid resettlement impacts; (iii) avoiding where possible locations that will result in destruction/disturbance to historical and cultural places/values; (iv) avoiding tree-cutting where possible; (v) ensuring all planning and design interventions and decisions are made in consultation with local communities and reflecting inputs from public consultation and disclosure for site selection. 129. Detail designs integrate a number of measures, both structural and non-structural into the Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project, including: (i) design life of 10 years; and (ii) base level of 1st floor raised by 200 mm to avoid water-logging and inundation during monsoon season. The landfill site facilities and other solid waste management components will be designed in accordance with the relevant national and international policy/rules/regulations for solid waste management and environmental health enhancements.
D. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Phase 130. In the case of this sub-project (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involve straightforward construction, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and (iii) being located in the built-up area of the Pourashava, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. 131. Construction method: Trenches will be dug by backhoe digger, supplemented by manual digging where necessary. Excavated soil will be placed nearby, and the materials (brought to site on trucks and stored on unused land nearby) will be placed in the trench by crane or using a small rig. The infrastructures will be constructed manually according to design specifications. Any excavated road will be reinstated. 132. Under the SWM and Sanitation Management sub-project the civil construction works are for controlled landfill site development including controlled building, worker equipment shed, compost facility (where necessary), leachate co-treatment with FS for FSTP, transfer station for waste shifting, leachate collection sump and embankment around the landfill site. The controlled building and worker shed will be of RCC frame structure building with RCC foundation. The transfer station will be tin-shed with iron truss supported roof and have a RCC (Reinforcement Cement Concrete) floor and RCC foundation. The soils required for the construction of the embankment will be imported or collected from excavation. 133. Thus, Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management subject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with construction activities can be mitigated to acceptable levels with the following mitigation measures. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with construction activities can be mitigated to acceptable levels with the following mitigation measures (Table 11)
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Table 11: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Construction Phase Field Impacts Mitigation A. Physical Characteristics Topography, On a cumulative effect of all types of sub- Utilize readily available sources of materials. If contractor procures materials landforms, geology projects in the Pourashava, a significant from existing burrow pits and quarries, ensure these conform to all relevant and soils amount of gravel, sand, and cement will be regulatory requirements. required for this sub-project. Extraction of Borrow areas and quarries (If these are being opened up exclusively for the construction materials may cause localized sub-project) must comply with environmental requirements, as applicable. changes in topography and landforms. The No activity will be allowed until formal agreement is signed between PIU, impacts are negative but short-term, site- landowner and contractor. specific within a relatively small area and reversible by mitigation measures. Water quality Trenching and excavation, run-off from Prepare and implement a spoils management plan (see Appendix 4 for stockpiled materials, and chemical outline). contamination from fuels and lubricants may Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in construction activities. If result to silt-laden runoff during rainfall which spoils will be disposed, consult with Meherpur local authority on designated may cause siltation and reduction in the disposal areas. quality of adjacent bodies of water. The All earthworks must to be conducted during dry season to maximum extent impacts are negative but short-term, site- possible to avoid the difficult working conditions that prevail during monsoon specific within a relatively small area and season such as problems from runoff. reversible by mitigation measures Location for stockyards for construction materials shall be identified at least 300m away from watercourses. Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies. Take all precautions to minimize the wastage of water in the construction activities. Take all precautions to prevent entering of wastewater into streams, watercourses, or irrigation system. Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies. Ensure diverting storm water flow during construction shall not lead to inundation and other nuisances in low lying areas. While working across or close to any water body, the flow of water must not be obstructed. Ensure no construction materials like earth, stone, or appendage are disposed of in a manner that may block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels. Monitor water quality according to the environmental management plan. Air quality Conducting works at dry season and moving Damp down exposed soil and any sand stockpiled on site by spraying with
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Field Impacts Mitigation large quantity of materials may create dusts water when necessary during dry weather; and increase in concentration of vehicle- Use tarpaulins to cover soils, sand and other loose material when transported related pollutants (such as COx, SOx, PMs, by trucks. NOx, and HCs) which will affect people who Unpaved surfaces used for haulage of materials within settlements shall be live and work near the sites. The impacts are maintained dust-free. negative but short-term, site- specific within a Arrangements to control dust through provision of windscreens, water relatively small area and reversible by sprinklers, and dust extraction systems shall be provided at all hot-mix mitigation measures. plants, batching plants and crushers (if these establishments are being set up exclusively for the sub-project). Monitor air quality. Acoustic Temporary increase in noise level and Involve the community in planning the work program so that any particularly environment vibrations may be caused by excavation noisy or otherwise invasive activities can be scheduled to avoid sensitive equipment and transportation of times. equipment, materials, and people. However, Plan activities in consultation with Meherpur local authority so that activities the proposed sub-project will be far from with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of locality and impact is short-term, site-specific the day which will result in least disturbance. and within a relatively small area. The impacts Use of high noise generating equipment shall be stopped during night time. are negative but short-term, site-specific Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or within a relatively small area and reversible by animals of the vehicle’s approach; mitigation measures. Utilize modern vehicles and machinery with the requisite adaptations to limit noise and exhaust emissions and ensure that these are maintained to manufacturers’ specifications at all times. All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Use silent-type generators (if required). Monitor noise levels. Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dBA) when measured at a distance of 10m or more from the vehicle/s. If it is not practicable to reduce noise levels to or below noise exposure limits, the contractor must post warning signs in the noise hazard areas. Workers in a posted noise hazard area must wear hearing protection. Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity. Complete work in these areas quickly. Aesthetics The construction activities do not anticipate Prepare a debris disposal plan. any cutting of trees but will produce excess Remove all construction and demolition wastes on a daily basis. excavated earth (spoils), excess construction Coordinate with Meherpur local authority for beneficial uses of excess materials, and solid waste such as removed excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas. Avoid
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Field Impacts Mitigation concrete, wood, packaging materials, empty stockpiling of any excess spoils. containers, spoils, oils, lubricants and other Suitably dispose of collected materials from Solid Waste Management, similar items. The impacts are negative but unutilized materials and debris either through filling up of pits/wasteland or short-term, site-specific within a relatively at pre- designated disposal locations small area and reversible by mitigation All vehicles delivering fine materials to the site and carrying debris for measures. disposal shall be covered to avoid spillage. All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor, shall be kept clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles. Lighting on construction sites shall be pointed downwards and away from oncoming traffic and nearby houses. In areas where the visual environment is particularly important or privacy concerns for surrounding buildings exist, the site may require screening. This could be in the form of shade cloth, temporary walls, or other suitable materials prior to the beginning of construction. The site must be kept clean to minimize the visual impact of the site. Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas. B. Biological Characteristics Biodiversity Activities being located in the isolated area of Check if tree-cutting will be required during detailed design stage. No trees, Meherpur Pourashava. There are no shrubs, or groundcover may be removed or vegetation stripped without the protected areas in or around sub-project prior permission of the environment management specialist. sites, and no known areas of ecological All efforts shall be made to preserve trees by evaluation of minor design interest. Preliminary design shows there are adjustments/ alternatives (as applicable) to save trees. no trees at the sites that need to be removed. Special attention shall be given for protecting giant trees and locally-important trees (with religious importance) during implementation. Prevent workers or any other person from removing and damaging any flora (plant/ vegetation) and fauna (animal) including fishing in any water body in the sub-project vicinity. Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood. Implement compensatory plantation for trees lost at a rate of 2 trees for every tree cut. Maintain the saplings for the duration of contract. C. Socioeconomic Characteristics Existing provisions Road closure is not anticipated. Hauling of Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local for pedestrians and construction materials and operation of roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites. other forms of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. Maintain safe passage for vehicles and pedestrians throughout the transport However, the proposed sub-project will be far construction period. from locality or commercial area. The impacts Schedule truck deliveries of construction materials during periods of low
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Field Impacts Mitigation are negative but short-term, site-specific traffic volume. within a relatively small area and reversible by Erect and maintain barricades, including signs, markings, flags and flagmen mitigation measures. informing diversions and alternative routes when required. Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction activities and contact numbers for concerns/ complaints. Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil. Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across for people and vehicles. Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship, business establishment, hospitals and schools. Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in work schedules. Ensure there is provision of alternate access to businesses and institutions during construction activities, so that there is no closure of these shops or any loss of client age. Ensure any damage to properties and utilities will be restored or compensated to pre-work conditions. Socio- Sub-project components will be located in Employ at least 50% of labor force from communities in the vicinity of the economic status government land thus there is no requirement site. This will have the added benefit of avoiding social problems that for land acquisition or any resettlements. sometimes occur when workers are imported into host communities, and Manpower will be required during the 18- avoiding environmental and social problems from workers housed in poorly month construction stage. This can result in serviced camp accommodation. generation of contractual employment and Secure construction materials from local market. increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and long-term. Other existing Although construction of sub-project Provide safety signage at all sites visible to public. amenities for components involves quite simple techniques of Obtain details from Pourashava nature and location of all existing community welfare civil work, the invasive nature of excavation and infrastructure and plan excavation carefully to avoid any such sites to the sub-project sites being in built-up areas of maximum extent possible. Meherpur Pourashava where there are a variety Integrate construction of the various infrastructure sub-projects to be of human activities, will result to impacts to the conducted in Meherpur (roads, water supply, etc.) so that different sensitive receptors such as residents, infrastructure is located on opposite sides of the road where feasible and businesses and the community in general. The roads and inhabitants are not subjected to repeated disturbance by impacts are negative but short-term, site- construction in the same area at different times for different purposes. specific within a relatively small area and Consult with local community to inform them of the nature, duration and reversible by mitigation measures. likely effects of the construction work, and to identify any local concerns so that these can be addressed.
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Field Impacts Mitigation Existing infrastructure (such as water distribution pipes, electricity pylons, etc.) shall be relocated before construction starts at the subproject sites. Prior permission shall be obtained from respective local authority for use of water for construction. Use of water for construction works shall not disturb local water users. If construction work is expected to disrupt users of community water bodies, notice to the affected community shall be served 7 days in advance and again 1 day prior to start of construction. Ensure any damage to properties and utilities will be restored or compensated to pre-work conditions. Community health Construction works will impede the access of Provide safety signage at all sites visible to public. and safety residents and business in limited cases. The Provide safety barriers near any trenches, and cover trenches with planks impacts are negative but short-term, site- during non-work hours. specific within a relatively small area and Consult with Meherpur local authority on the designated areas for stockpiling reversible by mitigation measures. of soils, gravel and other construction materials. If the contractor chooses to locate the work camp/storage area on private land, he must get prior permission from the environment management specialist and landowner. Use small mechanical excavators to attain faster trenching progress. For rock and concrete breaking, use non-explosive blasting chemicals, silent rock cracking chemicals and concrete breaking chemicals. Under no circumstances may open areas or the surrounding bushes be used as a toilet facility. Recycling and the provision of separate waste receptacles for different types of waste shall be encouraged. A general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent areas is expected of the site staff. Workers need to be made aware of the following general rules: (i) no alcohol/drugs on site; (ii) prevent excessive noise; (iii) construction staff are to make use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of surrounding bushes as a toilet facilities); (iv) no fires permitted on site except if needed for the construction works; (v) trespassing on private/commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden; (vi) other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site; and (vii) no worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or that he/she is not trained to do. Interested and affected parties need to be made aware of the existence of
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Field Impacts Mitigation the complaints book and the methods of communication available to them. The contractor must address queries and complaints by: (i) documenting details of such communications; (ii) submitting these for inclusion in complaints register; (iii) bringing issues to the environmental management specialist’s attention immediately; and (iv) taking remedial action as per environment specialist’s instruction. The contractor shall immediately take the necessary remedial action on any compliant/grievance received by him and forward the details of the grievance along with the action taken to the environment management specialist within 48 hours of receipt of such compliant/grievance. Workers health There is invariably a safety risk when Comply with requirements of Government of Bangladesh labor law of 2006 and safety construction works such as excavation and and all applicable laws and standards on workers’ health and safety (H&S). earthmoving are conducted in urban areas. Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of environmental awareness Workers need to be mindful of the occupational training. hazards which can arise from working i height Procedure and implement a site H&S plan which include measures as: (i) and excavation works. Potential impacts are excluding the public from worksites; (ii) ensuring all workers are provided negative and long term but reversible by with and required to use personal protective equipment (reflectorized vests, mitigation measures. footwear, gloves, goggles and masks) at all times; (iii) providing (H&S) training for all site personnel; (iv) documenting procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) maintaining accident reports and records. Arrange for readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances. Maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner in work camps. Ensure (i) uncontaminated water for drinking, cooking and washing, (ii) clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; and (iii) sanitation facilities are available at all times. Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection and preventing injuring to fellow workers; Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating area; Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms;
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Field Impacts Mitigation Mark and provide signboards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipments and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to and easily understood by workers, visitors and the general public as appropriate; and Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. D. Historical, Cultural and Archaeological Characteristics Physical and cultural Construction works will be on built-up areas Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are heritage of Meherpur thus risk for chance finds is low. suspected.
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E. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Operations and Maintenance Phase 134. For the first 2 years of operations of the pilot scheme, the Nagorik committee will manage the solid waste management in the pilot area. The committee, as supervised by Meherpur Pourashava and assisted by the consultant teams will develop a community- based operations manual to be used in expanding the pilot scheme. 135. The contractor will manage for 2 years the operations and maintenance (O&M) of the composting plant and controlled disposal site, or through a sub-contractor. The contractor, in consultation with Meherpur Pourashava, will also develop an O&M manual for the regular and preventive maintenance of the facilities. 136. Land contamination: The composting plant, autoclave room, sorting room/staging area, and controlled disposal site will not contaminate the lands the way other industrial operations can. The main reason for this is that all facilities will have cemented flooring while the controlled disposal site will have special impermeable layers underneath (in case such protection is not naturally there artificial impermeable layer will be constructed.) 137. Generation of waste materials and by-products: In general, pollutants generated from the facilities include: wastewater from toilet and cleaning of premises, improper storage of delivered wastes and end-products, and leachate from the solid waste. The contractor will be required to keep the ancillary sites of the transfer composting plants, and controlled disposal site clean, tidy and orderly condition free of litter, waste material (whether solid or liquid) and debris. The contractor will also be responsible for the maintenance of the approach road (Meherpur-Dhaka Highway) in consultation with RHD to the controlled landfill (if damaged by his/her works) and to keep it free from litter. 138. Generation of wastewater and water contamination: The liquid wastes from the facilities are high in biological oxygen demand. The quantity of leachate may also be huge during especially in the rainy seasons. The wastes from the facilities can end up in water bodies, polluting water resources. Although the contaminants are non-toxic in nature, they can introduce bacterial contamination and increase nitrates, phosphates and sulfates concentration in water, leading to health problems. Special drains will be constructed to allow wastewater from the transfer stations and composting plants to be diverted away from water wells and adjacent properties. Leachate generated from the controlled landfill will be channeled to a leachate collection pond and will be allowed to evaporate. Remaining leachate will be re-circulated as part of daily maintenance of waste covers. 139. Odor: The facilities will always give a particular stink due to decomposition of wastes. Excessive odor is a nuisance to locals and attracts pests and vermin. 140. Noise: Major sources of noise are the chaos created by the laborers working in the facilities and heavy vehicular movement to during collection and transport of wastes. 141. Health, hygiene, and safety: Spread of diseases to workers and their families may occur due to inadequate provision of safety equipment and lack of practice of safety rules and precautions. Sufficient, safe, potable and constant supply of fresh water will be made available at adequate pressure throughout the premises of the composting plant and controlled landfill. Suitable facilities for washing of hands and nail brushes should be there, soap or detergent will be provided for the workers. All sanitary facilities will be equipped with suitable flushing appliance. 142. When the controlled landfill begins to function, it is expected to provide a modern sanitary facility for the workers and staff as well as systematic handling, transportation and disposal of solid waste without causing environmental pollution. Providing this occurs there should be few negative environmental impacts and there are several fields that should be unaffected. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with O&M activities can be mitigated to acceptable levels with the following mitigation measures (Table 12).
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Table 12: Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures at Operations and Maintenance Phase Field Impacts Mitigation Measure A. Physical Characteristics Water quality Run-off from stockpiled wastes and end- Take all precautions to prevent entering of run-off into streams, watercourses or irrigation products of composting which may cause system. Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the channels leading to the siltation and reduction in the quality of water bodies. adjacent bodies of water. The impacts are Remove all wastes, by-, and end-products immediately. negative but short-term, site-specific within Monitor discharge of leachate including review of ECC conditions. Parameters to be monitored a relatively small area and reversible by include suspended solids, dissolved solids (inorganic), pH, ammoniac nitrogen (as N), total mitigation measures. nitrogen (as N), biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, total chromium, copper, zinc, nickel, cyanide, chloride, fluoride, phonemic compounds and others as per ECR, 1997. Monitor compost quality. Visual inspection to ensure that glass, plastic and other physical inert and fragments are absent in compost and it has no offensive smell. Also testing of compost to meet standards for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, pH and other parameters as prescribed by the relevant National policy of the Government. Air quality Moving wastes, by-and end-products Use bin covers and/or tarpaulins during transport of wastes, by-, and end products (compost) (such as composts) may create dusts Use tarpaulin to cover soils, sand and other loose material that will be used in the controlled during dry season. Landfill gas generation. landfill. The impacts are negative but short-term, Green belt will be developed around the facilities to act as a barrier for dust pollution. site-specific within a relatively small area Only inert waste will be sent to controlled landfill so that landfill gas formation is minimum. and reversible by mitigation measures. Acoustic Increase in noise level due to presence of Plan activities in consultation with Meherpur Pourashava so that activities with the greatest environment workers and movement of vehicles. The potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least impacts are negative but short-term, site- disturbance. specific within a relatively small area and reversible by mitigation measures. B. Biological Characteristics Biodiversity Activities in the isolated area of Meherpur No trees, shrubs or groundcover may be removed or vegetation stripped without the prior Pourashava. There are no protected permission. areas in or around subproject sites and no Prevent workers or any other person from removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) known areas of ecological interest. and fauna (animal). Monitor survival rate of vegetation (plants and trees) in the green belt of the facilities. C. Socioeconomic Characteristics Existing Increase in traffic in the Pourashava during Early hour collection will be enforced before the peak traffic hours. provisions for collection, loading and unloading of Maintain safe passage for vehicles and pedestrians. Erect and maintain barricades, including pedestrians and wastes. The impacts are negative but markings, flags and flagmen informing diversions and alternative routes when required.
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other forms of short-term, site-specific within a relatively Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards and contact numbers for concerns/ transport small area and reversible by mitigation complaints. measures. Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship, business establishment, hospitals and schools. Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in work schedules. Ensure any damage to properties and utilities will be restored or compensated to pre-work conditions. Workers health Workers need to be mindful of the Comply with requirements of Govt. of Bangladesh Labor Law of 2006 and all applicable laws and and safety occupational hazards working in waste standards on workers H&S. management facilities. Potential impacts Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of H&S training. are negative and long-term but reversible Produce and implement a O&M, H&S plan which include measures as: (i) excluding the public by mitigation measures. from worksites; (ii) ensuring all working are provided with and required to use personal protective equipment (reflectorized vests, footwear, gloves, goggles and masks) at all times; (iii) providing (H&S) training for all site personnel; (iv) documenting procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (iv) maintaining accident reports and records. Arrange for readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances. Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection and preventing injuring to fellow workers; Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; Mark and provide sign boards. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to and easily understood by workers, visitors and the general public as appropriate. Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. Community Possible accumulation of waste causing Wet/biodegradable wastes will be emptied directly from the bins to primary collection vehicles health and safety health problems for community. Pests and daily and dry/non-biodegradable wastes once in a week. The number and type of bins and vermin. Potential impacts are negative vehicles to be procured under the project is sufficient to ensure no accumulation of wastes in the and long-term but reversible by mitigation community. measures. Wastes will be collected regularly to prevent pests and vermin.
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F. Cumulative Impact Assessment 143. The project has identified the valued components as water quality, air quality, acoustic environment, socioeconomic and socio-community components, and human health and safety. There are no foreseeable projects that will overlap with the subproject. The spatial boundary of the subproject are the areas where the facilities (transfer stations, composting plant, and controlled landfill) is located. The temporal boundary can be considered as the whole Meherpur Pourashava. 144. The infrastructures will be (i) designed to the current best practice standard and in line with the current LGED guidelines for a 10-year design period; (ii) built that the floods do not damage them; and (iii) drains of the facilities are to be kept free from wastes and siltation. 145. Water quality: Due to nature of the sub-project there is risk of contaminating groundwater and nearby bodies of water during O&M phase. However the infrastructures have been designed ensuring impermeability of surfaces by having concrete surfaces for the transfer stations and composting plant while HDPE/clay liners for the controlled landfill. Drains within the facilities will also ensure wastewater generated during operations will be diverted away from any channel leading to agricultural lands, water bodies, and water sources/tube wells. Short-term negative impacts are possible but can be mitigated through design and implementation of EMP. Potential residual effects is considered to be negligible. 146. Air quality: Emissions of common air contaminants and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to active work sites during construction and O&M phases; these impacts will be short-term and localized to the immediate vicinity of controlled landfill site. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of the subproject activities (i.e., vehicle and equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, land-filling of residual wastes). Given the subproject’s relatively minor contribution to common air contaminants and GHG emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual effects is considered to be negligible. 147. Acoustic environment: Noise levels during construction and O&M activities in immediate proximity of work sites are expected to increase. The duration of exposure will be relatively brief and imperceptible. The exposure represents a temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low significance for affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely, there may be annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction and O&M activities. The overall significance rating of potential residual effects is considered to be negligible. 148. Socioeconomic and socio-community: Concerns on existing provisions for pedestrians, other forms of transport, and over-all impact on livability particularly nearby the transfer stations and composting plant will occur spatially during construction and O&M activities. Traffic movement will be improved once the construction activities are completed. Since the sub-project involves small-scale facilities, it will not conflict with existing or planned land use. O&M manuals for the facilities, comprehensive capacity building, and community involvement to be provided under UGIIP-III will ensure efficient operation of the facilities and acceptability by the stakeholders. However, following improvement in infrastructures and services, added residential developments, commercial, and business facilities and increased densities are expected to develop and enhance Meherpur Pourashava. This can be considered a long-term cumulative benefit of the sub-project. 149. Given the scale of the project it is likely that a number of local people will obtain at least temporary socio-economic benefits, by gaining employment in the construction workforce, and thus raising their levels of income. In addition, a significant amount of employments will be generated associated with the O&M of the facilities to be developed under the sub-projects. These benefits can bring wider social gains if they are directed at vulnerable groups.
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150. Community and workers health and safety: No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of construction or O&M activities, and mitigation measures are in place to ensure public and worker safety, and will be closely monitored. While exposure to elevated noise levels, fugitive dust and common air pollutants will occur in proximity to work sites, due to their short-term and localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable effects on human health. 151. Upon completion of the sub-project, the socio-community will be the major beneficiaries of this sub-project. With the improved solid waste management facilities, additional vehicles and workers PPE, they will be provided with reliable and climate-resilient municipal services. In addition to improved environmental conditions, the sub-project will reduce occurrence of diseases and people would spend less on healthcare and lose fewer working days due to illness, so their economic status should also improve, as well as their overall health. These are considered a long-term cumulative benefit. 152. Therefore the project will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of municipal services and community livability in Meherpur Pourashava.
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VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION
A. Public Consultation Conducted 153. The public participation process included (i) identifying interested and affected parties (stakeholders); (ii) informing and providing the stakeholders with sufficient background and technical information regarding the proposed development; (iii) creating opportunities and mechanisms whereby they can participate and raise their viewpoints (issues, comments, and concerns) with regard to the proposed development. 154. Public consultations and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted by MDS team on January 24, 2016, May 17, 2016 and August 3, 2016. The objective of the meetings was to appraise the stakeholders about environmental impacts of the proposed subproject and safeguards to mitigate the same. A questionnaire was designed and environmental information was collected. Key respondents included project-affected persons, who may suffer temporary access disruptions during construction activities from the sub-project area, and daily commuters consulted randomly. Issues discussed and feedback received along with details of date, time, location and list of participants are given in Appendix 6. The environmental concerns and suggestions made by the participants were listed, discussed and suggestions accordingly incorporated in the EMP. These include speedy construction works to ensure low impacts to community and local employment.
Consultation with communities at Tin Raster Consultation with Communities at Stadium Mor Mor
Consultation with Pourashava officials and Mayor of the Pourashava
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B. Future Consultation and Disclosure 155. The Project has already organized consultation training program for all staff working in UGIIP-III, consultants and Pourashava staff on safeguard policies. The aim of the consultation programme was to inform all stakeholders about the importance of the safeguard policies and their implementation at the design, construction and operation stage. Field consultations were conducted with local people. Consultations by the PIU supported by the RES and the PMU include the following: Consultation during detailed design: Focus-group discussions (FGD) with affected persons and other stakeholders (including women’s groups, NGOs and CBOs) to hear their views and concerns, which has been incorporated in the sub-project design. Structured consultation meetings were held with the institutional stakeholders (government bodies and NGOs) to approve the key aspects of the sub-project. Sub-project disclosure: Public information campaigns (via use of loud speaker, seminar, posters, local cable operator & newspaper) to explain the proposed methodology of waste collection and it’s advantages;
156. For the benefit of the community, relevant information from the IEE will be translated in the local language (Bangla) and made available at (i) office of Pourashava and (ii) contractor’s campsites or sub-project site. It will be ensured that the hard copies of IEE are kept at places which are conveniently accessible to people, as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. An electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of executing and implementing agencies and the ADB website after approval of the IEE by ADB. 157. A project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of AP’s concerns, complaints and grievances about the social and environmental performance at the level of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project.
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Table 13: Consultation with Stakeholders at Meherpur Pourashava Sl. No. of Place Date Participants Issue Discussed Incorporation into IEEs and Project Design No. Participants 1. Tin Raster January 14 Pourashava Improper dumping of municipal waste in As a pilot scheme Pourashava will provide two Mor 24, officials, MDS and around the dustbin i.e. the waste is separate bins to 1000 households. The 2016 Consultant Team dumped beside the bin and by the road degradable and non degradable waste will be kept and Local side. The spillage of house hold separately in those two bins. The Pourashava will inhabitants municipal waste from the dust bin collect the waste separately. The degradable spread germs and bad odor. They want waste will be carried to the compost plant and to get rid of the problems. non-degradable waste will be taken to landfill site. The re-cycle able material may be separated either at compost plant or at landfill site. IEE shall include measures to address environmental impacts during construction. 2. Meherpur May 17, 9 Officials of Structured focus group discussion will Public information campaign via electronic media, Pourashava 2016 Meherpur be made, on the effectiveness and to explain the benefit of door to door municipal Office Pourashava and limitations faced by the Pourashava waste collection. This will ensure the views of Mayor of dwellers in dumping the house hold common people are adequately reviewed and Meherpur waste in the dustbins. Public meeting incorporated in the design and implementation Pourashava will be held to evaluate their views and process. For the community benefit summary of concern about the on payment door to this IEE will be translated in the local language door collection of house hold wastes. (Bangla) and will be displayed in a common place, During operation of landfill regarding for all concerned. Mayor assured that silted sources of soil material cover for day to materials from nearby Bhoirab river may be used day operation. as cover materials at landfill operation. 3. Stadium August 11 Pourashava The local inhabitants wanted and A close plantation will be made around the Mor 3, 2016 officials, MDS assurance that the landfill site and the periphery of the landfill site and compost plant site Consultant team compost plant together with the waste with selected type of trees. Operational manual and Local collection system will not spread bad will be provided to the Pourashava for smooth inhabitants with odor, which leads to public nuisance. operation of the system. Pourashava councillor
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VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
158. Common GRM: A common GRM will be in place for social, environmental, or any other grievances related to the project; the resettlement plans (DDR/RPs) and IEEs will follow the GRM described below, which is developed in consultation with key stakeholders. The GRM will provide an accessible and trusted platform for receiving and facilitating resolution of affected persons’ grievances related to the project. The multi-tier GRM for the project is outlined below, each tier having time-bound schedules and with responsible persons identified to address grievances and seek appropriate persons’ advice at each stage, as required. 159. Pourashava-wide public awareness campaigns will ensure that awareness on grievance redress procedures is generated through the campaign. The project implementation unit (PIU) and governance improvement and capacity development consultants (GICDC) will conduct Pourashava-wide awareness campaigns to ensure that poor and vulnerable households are made aware of grievance redress procedures and entitlements, and will work with the PMU and management, design and supervision consultants (MDSC) to help ensure that their grievances are addressed. 160. Affected persons (Aps) will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance redress/suggestion forms in complaints/suggestion boxes that have already been installed by project Pourashava or through telephone hotlines at accessible locations, by e-mail, by post, or by writing in a complaints register in Pourashava offices. Careful documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken. The Project Management Unit (PMU) safeguard officer will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redress on environmental and social safeguards issues and for registration of grievances, related disclosure, and communication with the aggrieved party through the PIU designated safeguard focal person. 161. Grievance redress process: In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the perception of the complainant, the contractor and MDSC on-site personnel will provide the most easily accessible or first level of contact for quick resolution of grievances. Contact phone numbers and names of the concerned PIU safeguard focal person and contractors, will be posted at all construction sites at visible locations. a. 1st Level Grievance: The phone number of the PIU office should be made available at the construction site signboards. The contractors and PIU safeguard focal person can immediately resolve on-site in consultation with each other, and will be required to do so within 7 days of receipt of a complaint/grievance. b. 2nd Level Grievance: All grievances that cannot be redressed within 7 days at field/ward level will be reviewed by the grievance redress cell (GRC) headed by Panel Mayor of the Pourashava with support from PIU designated safeguard focal person and MDSC regional environment and resettlement specialists. GRC will attempt to resolve them within 15 days. The PIU designated safeguard focal person will be responsible to see through the process of redress of each grievance. c. 3rd Level Grievance: The PIU designated safeguard focal person will refer any unresolved or major issues to the PMU safeguard officer and MDSC national environmental and resettlement specialists. The PMU in consultation with these officers/specialists will resolve them within 30 days.
162. Despite the project GRM, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country’s legal system at any stage, and accessing the country’s legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM.
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163. In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism (AM) through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB Bangladesh Resident Mission (BRM). The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s DMCs. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the PID to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM. 164. Record keeping: Records of all grievances received, including contact details of complainant, date the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were effected and final outcome will be kept by PIU. The number of grievances recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the PMU office, Pourashava office, and on the web, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on a semi-annual basis. 165. Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned: The PMU safeguard officer will periodically review the functioning of the GRM in each Pourashava and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the project’s ability to prevent and address grievances. 166. Costs: All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by the concerned PIU at Pourashava-level; while costs related to escalated grievances will be met by the PMU. Cost estimates for grievance redress are included in resettlement cost estimates
Affected person
Yes
Field/ward level Within 7 Grievance 1st Level Contractor and PIU designated days redressed and Grievance safeguard focal person record keeping
No Yes Within 15 Pourashava level (GRC) days Grievance 2nd Level PIU designated safeguard focal person, redressed and
Grievance MDSC regional environmental and record keeping resettlement specialists No Yes PMU level Grievance rd within 30 days 3 Level PMU Safeguard Officer and MDSC redressed and Grievance national environmental and resettlement record keeping specialists Note: GRC = Grievance Redress Cell; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; MDSC = Management. Design and Supervision Consultants; PMU = Project Management Unit
Figure 11: Project Grievance Redress Mechanism
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VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP), MEHERPUR POURASHAVA
167. The purpose of the environmental management plan (EMP) is to ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible, non-detrimental manner with the objectives of: (i) providing a proactive, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on-site; (ii) guiding and controlling the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the project; (iii) detailing specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the project; and (iv) ensuring that safety recommendations are complied with. 168. A copy of the EMP must be kept on work sites at all times. This EMP will be included in the bid documents and will be further reviewed and updated during implementation. The EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included in the contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance. 169. For civil works, the contractor will be required to (i) establish an operational system for managing environmental impacts (ii) carry out all of the monitoring and mitigation measures set forth in the EMP; and (iii) implement any corrective or preventative actions set out in safeguards monitoring reports that the employer will prepare from time to time to monitor implementation of this IEE and EMP. The contractor shall allocate a budget for compliance with these EMP measures, requirements and actions.
A. Institutional Arrangement 170. Executing and implementing agencies: The Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), both under the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (MLGRD&C) and having extensive experience in managing urban and water supply projects financed by ADB, are the executing agencies of the project. The participating Pourashava is the implementing agencies.
B. Safeguard Implementation Arrangement 171. Project Management Unit: A PMU has been established for the overall management of the project. The PMU is headed by Project Director (PD) supported by officials including three project managers in charge of (i) municipal infrastructure (excluding water supply and sanitation), (ii) water supply and sanitation, and (iii) governance improvement and capacity development, respectively. The PMU will receive support from national environmental specialist and national resettlement specialist on the MDSC team. Key tasks and responsibilities of the PMU safeguard (environment) officer are as follows: (i) confirm existing IEEs/EMPs are updated based on detailed designs and that new IEEs/EMPs are prepared in accordance with the EARF and sub-project selection criteria related to safeguards; (ii) confirm whether IEEs/EMPs are included in bidding documents and civil works contracts; (iii) provide oversight on environmental management aspects of sub-projects and ensure EMPs are implemented by project implementation unit (PIU) and contractors; (iv) establish a system to monitor environmental safeguards of the project, including monitoring the indicators set out in the monitoring plan of the EMP; (v) facilitate and confirm overall compliance with all government rules and regulations regarding site and environmental clearances, as well as any other environmental requirements (e.g., location clearance certificates, environmental clearance certificates, etc.), as relevant;
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(vi) supervise and provide guidance to the PIUs to properly carry out the environmental monitoring and assessments as per the EARF; (vii) review, monitor, and evaluate the effectiveness with which the EMPs are implemented, and recommend necessary corrective actions to be taken as necessary; (viii) consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports from PIUs and submit semi- annual monitoring reports to ADB; (ix) ensure timely disclosure of final IEEs/EMPs in locations and form accessible to the public; and (x) address any grievances brought about through the grievance redress mechanism in a timely manner.
172. Project Implementation Unit: The participating Pourashava has established PIUs within the Pourashava structure. The PIUs will (i) be responsible for land acquisition; (ii) take necessary action for obtaining rights of way; (iii) plan, implement and monitor public relations activities, gender mainstreaming initiatives and community participation activities at Pourashava level; (iv) disseminate information related to the project to the public and media; (v) ensure compliance with loan covenants concerning safeguards measures; and (vi) facilitate implementation of safeguards plans. The PIUs will each designate a Safeguard Officer and will receive assistance from the assigned MDSC regional environmental specialist to: (i) update IEEs/EMPs during implementation stage and prepare new IEEs/EMPs in accordance with the EARF; (ii) conduct environmental compliance audit of existing facilities as per Item of ADB SPS, 2009; (iii) include IEEs/EMPs in bidding documents and civil works contracts; (iv) comply with all government rules and regulations; (v) take necessary action for obtaining rights of way; (vi) oversee implementation of EMPs including environmental monitoring by contractors; (vii) take corrective actions when necessary to ensure no environmental impacts; (viii) submit monthly environmental monitoring reports to PMU, (ix) conduct continuous public consultation and awareness; (x) address any grievances brought about through the Grievance Redress Mechanism in a timely manner as per the IEEs; and (xi) organize an induction course for the training of contractors preparing them on EMP implementation, environmental monitoring requirements related to mitigation measures; and taking immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation.
173. Project Management, Design and Supervision Consultants (MDSC): MDSC has been engaged to work closely with and advise the PMU, to be involved in project supervision including monitoring during construction phase. The MDSC has one national environmental specialist and three regional environmental specialists as well as one national resettlement specialist and three regional resettlement specialists. The MDSC national environmental specialist will, but not limited to: (i) Work under the general supervision of the team leader and the deputy team leader; (ii) Review the environmental guidelines and requirement of the government of Bangladesh and ADB SPS, 2009, environmental subproject selection guidelines and EARF; (iii) Guide the implementation of future sub-projects; (iv) Provide technical support to the PMU and PIUs including review and update of EARF and guidelines for specific type of subprojects and assist in preparing terms of reference for environmental assessment;
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(v) Assist and guide the MDSC regional environmental specialists to provide support to environmental management functions including updating subproject IEEs in respect to EMP; (vi) Assist in preparing IEEs and in monitoring impact and mitigation measures associated with subprojects; (vii) Assist PIUs and MDSC regional environmental specialists working in the steps for preparing the EIA/IEE, capacity building and training, preparation of guidelines and procedure and subproject specific guidance; (viii) Provide support and guidance to PIUs in undertaking environmental monitoring (ix) Support PMU in submitting semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to ADB; (x) Facilitate in grievance redress and corrective actions; (xi) Train PIU officials regarding environmental requirement and issues; and (xii) Perform any other task assigned by the team leader, deputy team leader and the project director.
174. The MDSC regional environmental specialists will, but not limited to: (i) work under the supervision and guidance of the team leader, deputy team leader and MDSC national environmental specialist; (ii) assist PIUs in preparing and updating IEEs including EMPs in accordance with the EARF, and assist in monitoring impact and mitigation measures associated with subprojects including implementation of EMPs by contractors; (iii) assist in preparation of IEEs and in the environmental review of subproject consisting of screening at Pourashava level by PIU through a committee formed with municipal mayor as chairman and representatives from DOE, LGED and other relevant district office as members; (iv) assist PIUs in the steps for preparing EIA/IEE, capacity building and training, preparation of guidelines and procedure and subproject specific guidance; (v) support PIU in environmental monitoring and submit monitoring reports to PMU as inputs into the semi-annual monitoring report submitted to ADB; (vi) undertake mitigation measures and other specific measures in the construction contract; (vii) facilitate in grievance redress and corrective actions; (viii) follow subproject selection guidelines and EARF to ensure compliance with the environmental guidelines and requirement of the Government of Bangladesh and ADB SPS, 2009; (ix) support PMU and MDSC national environment specialist by providing data, information and all other requested assistance; (x) train PIU officials regarding environmental issues (xi) perform any other task assigned by MDSC national environment specialist, team leader, deputy team leader and the project director.
175. Civil works contracts and contractors: EMPs are to be included in bidding and contract documents and verified by the PIUs and PMU. The contractor will be required to designate an environmental supervisor to (i) coordinate with MDSC on updating the IEE/ EMP based on detailed designs and (ii) ensure implementation of EMP during civil works. Contractors are to carry out all environmental mitigation and monitoring measures outlined in their contract. 176. Governance Improvement and Capacity Development Consultants (GICDC): The PMU and PIUs will require support on a range of activities related to governance improvement and capacity development of Pourashava. The GICDC will support PMU and PIUs in implementing urban government improvement action plan (UGIAP) by providing capacity development, community mobilization and other facilitation services. There are 4 GICDC regional offices consisting of 4 regional coordinators at each regional office. There are 2 Local Capacity Development Associates (Community Mobilization and Municipal
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Finance) in each project Pourashava. The regional coordinators are assisting the Pourashava and the Local Capacity Development Associates in the activities related to community participation and financial development. The Local Capacity Development Associates have been posted at the Pourashava and (i) are working maintaining close liaison with the mayor, councilors, Pourashava staffs and communities, (ii) providing assistance and support to PIU regarding planning and implementation of citizen awareness and participation activities, urban planning, equity and inclusiveness of women and urban poor. The GICDC also have a training specialist who is responsible for identifying and coordinating capacity building activities at Pourashava level Figure 12.
PMU safeguard To be assisted by MDSC (environment)officer national environmental specialist (1)
PIU (each pourashava) To be assisted by MDSC Safeguard Officer regional environmental specialists (3) Capacity building activities to be assisted by GICDC regional coordinators (4) and 2 community mobilizers (each pourashava)
Figure 12 : Safeguards Implementation Arrangement
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Table 14: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan – Prior, During, and Post Construction Phase Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation 1. Prior to Construction Activities Consents, Failure to obtain Obtain all necessary consents, permits, clearance, Proposed landfill Incorporated in Prior to award Project Management permits, necessary consents, NOCs, etc. prior to start of civil works. site at Meherpur final design and of contract Unit (PMU), Project clearances, no permits, NOCs, etc can Acknowledge in writing and provide report on communicated to Implementing Unit objection result to design revisions compliance all obtained consents, permits, contractors. (PIU), Management certificate and/or stoppage of works clearance, NOCs, etc. Design Supervision (NOC), etc. Include in detailed design drawings and Consultants (MDSC) documents all conditions and provisions if necessary Updating of Expecting minor impacts, Update IEE and EMP during implementation if Proposed landfill Updated IEE During PMU, PIU and IEE during during construction period required site at Meherpur and EMP construction MDSC implementation only and mitigation Ensure updated EMP is provided to contractor reviewed, period stage. measures are addressed. Relevant information disclosed approved and disclosed Construction Disruption to traffic flow Determine locations prior to award of construction Surrounding area Selection of During PMU, PIU and work camps, and sensitive receptors contracts. of proposed landfill sites for implementation MDSC stockpile site at Meherpur construction work phase areas, storage camps, stockpile areas, and areas, storage disposal areas. areas, and disposal areas. Written consent of landowner/s for reuse of excess spoils to agricultural land Sources of Extraction of materials can Prepare list of approved quarry sites and sources Surrounding area List of approved During PMU, PIU and Materials disrupt natural land of materials of proposed landfill quarry sites and implementation MDSC. contours and vegetation site at Meherpur sources of phase, as resulting in accelerated materials; necessary with erosion, disturbance in Bid document to discussion with natural drainage patterns, include ME, MDSC and ponding and water requirement for PIUs logging, and water verification of pollution. suitability of
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary. EMP Irreversible impact to the PIU Safeguard Officer and all key workers will be Surrounding area Proof of Before MDSC/PIU/CC. Implementation environment, workers and required to undergo EMP implementation including of proposed landfill completion commencement Training community spoils management, Standard operating procedures site at Meherpur (Safeguards of work activities (SOP) for construction works; health and safety Compliance prior to (H&S), core labor laws, applicable environmental Orientation) mobilization of laws, etc Posting of proof workers to site of completion at worksites Posting of EMP at worksites 2. During Construction Activities A. Physical Characteristics Top soil The impacts are negative Checking siltation caused during construction and Around and inside Inspection of Monthly PMU/MDSC/PIU/CC. conservation & but short-term, within a the use of silt fences. proposed disposal borrow pit and inspection by PIU adequate relatively small area and Stockpiles of earth not to be higher than 2m and site at Meherpur type of soil at the during the site drainage reversible by mitigation side slopes shall not be more than 1:2. field area, visual preparation arrangement measures Drainage arrangements to prevent any water inspection at period logging within/around the site especially in the area proposed land fill around the leach pits. site area Water quality Trenching and excavation, Prepare and implement a spoils management plan Around and inside Areas for Visual MDSC/PIU/CC. run-off from stockpiled (see Appendix 4 for outline). proposed disposal stockpiles, storage inspection by PIU materials and chemical Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in site at Meherpur of fuels and and supervision contamination from fuels construction activities. If spoils will be disposed, lubricants and consultants on and lubricants may result consult with Meherpur local authority on designated waste materials; monthly basis to silt-laden runoff during disposal areas. Number of silt rainfall which may cause All earthworks must be conducted during dry traps installed siltation and reduction in season to the maximum extent possible to avoid the along trenches the quality of adjacent difficult working conditions that prevail during leading to water bodies of water. The monsoon season such as problems from runoff. bodies; impacts are negative but Location for stockyards for construction materials Records of short-term and within a shall be identified at least 300m away from surface water relatively small area and watercourses. Place storage areas for fuels and quality inspection;
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation reversible by mitigation lubricants away from any drainage leading to water Effectiveness of measures. bodies. water Take all precautions to minimize the wastage of management water in the construction activities. measures; Take all precautions to prevent entering of No visible wastewater into streams, watercourses, or irrigation degradation to system. Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation nearby drainages, basins along the drainage leading to the water khals or water bodies. bodies due to Ensure diverting storm water flow during construction construction shall not lead to inundation and other activities nuisances in low lying areas. While working across or close to any water body, the flow of water must not be obstructed. Ensure no construction materials like earth, stone, or appendage are disposed of in a manner that may block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross solid waste management channels. Monitor water quality according to the environmental management plan. Air quality Conducting works at dry Damp down exposed soil and any sand stockpiled Proposed landfill Location of Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. season and moving large on site by spraying with water when necessary site at Meherpur stockpiles; inspection by PIU quantity of materials may during dry weather; Number of and supervision create dusts and increase Use tarpaulins to cover soils, sand and other loose complaints from consultants on in concentration of vehicle- material when transported by trucks. sensitive monthly basis related pollutants (such as Unpaved surfaces used for haulage of materials receptors; CO, SOx, PM, NOx and within settlements shall be maintained dust-free. Heavy HCs) which will affect Monitor air quality. equipment and people who live and work machinery with air near the sites. The pollution control impacts are negative but devices; short-term, impacts within Certification that a relatively small area and vehicles are reversible by mitigation compliant with air measures. quality standards. Acoustic Construction activities will Involve the community in planning the work Proposed landfill Number of Visual PIU/MDSC/CC.
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation environment be on settlements, along program so that any particularly noisy or otherwise site at Meherpur complaints from inspection by PIU and near schools and invasive activities can be scheduled to avoid sensitive and supervision areas with small-scale sensitive times. receptors; consultants on businesses. Temporary Plan activities in consultation with Meherpur local Use of silencers monthly basis increase in noise level and authority so that activities with the greatest potential in noise-producing vibrations may be caused to generate noise are conducted during periods of equipment and by excavation equipment, the day which will result in least disturbance. sound barriers; and the transportation of Use of high noise generating equipment shall be Equivalent day equipment, materials and stopped during night time. and night time people. However, the Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to noise levels proposed sub-project will warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s be far from locality and approach; impact is short-term and Utilize modern vehicles and machinery with the within a relatively small requisite adaptations to limit noise and exhaust area and reversible by emissions and ensure that these are maintained to mitigation measures. manufacturers’ specifications at all times. All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Use silent-type generators (if required). Monitor noise levels. Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dBA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s. If it is not practicable to reduce noise levels to or below noise exposure limits, the contractor must post warning signs in the noise hazard areas. Workers in a posted noise hazard area must wear hearing protection. Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity. Complete work in these areas quickly. Aesthetics Before commencement of Prepare tree plantation plan and compensatory Proposed landfill Number of Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. construction activity 50 plantation for trees lost at a rate of 2 trees for every site at Meherpur complaints from inspection by PIU small trees need to be cut. tree cut, in addition to tree plantation as specified in sensitive and supervision Excess excavated earth the design, will be implemented by the contractor, receptors; consultants on
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation (spoils), excess who will also maintain the saplings for the duration of Worksite clear monthly basis construction materials and his contract. of hazardous solid waste such as Suitably dispose of collected materials from solid wastes such as packaging materials, waste management, unutilized materials and debris oil/fuel empty containers, spoils, either through filling up of pits/wasteland or at pre- Worksite clear oils, lubricants and other designated disposal locations. of any wastes, similar items but the All vehicles delivering fine materials to the site and collected materials impacts are short-term and carrying waste debris for disposal shall be covered to from solid waste within a relatively small avoid spillage of materials. All existing roads used by management, area and reversible by vehicles of the contractor, shall be kept clear of all unutilized mitigation measures. dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by materials and such vehicles. debris Lighting on construction sites shall be pointed Transport route downwards and away from oncoming traffic and and worksite nearby houses. cleared of any The site must be kept clean to minimize the visual dust/mud impact of the site. Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; B. Biological Characteristics Biodiversity Activities being located in No trees, shrubs, or groundcover may be removed Proposed landfill PMU and PIU to Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. the fringe area of or vegetation stripped without the prior permission of site at Meherpur report in writing inspection by PIU Meherpur Pourashava. the environment management specialist. the number of and supervision There are no protected All efforts shall be made to preserve trees during trees cut and consultants on areas in or around sub- implementation adjustments/alternatives (as planted as monthly basis project sites and no known applicable) to save trees. proportion of 1:2. areas of ecological Special attention shall be given for protecting giant Number of interest. 50 small trees trees and locally-important trees (with religious complaints from need to be removed. importance) during implementation. sensitive receptors Prevent workers or any other person from on disturbance of removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) vegetation, and fauna (animal) including fishing in any water poaching, fishing, body in the sub-project vicinity. etc. Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood. C. Socioeconomic Characteristics
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation Existing Road closure is not Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles Proposed landfill Traffic route Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. provisions for anticipated. Hauling of do not use narrow local roads, except in the site at Meherpur during construction inspection by PIU pedestrians construction materials and immediate vicinity of delivery sites. works including and supervision and other operation of equipment on- Maintain safe passage for vehicles and number of consultants on forms of site can cause traffic pedestrians throughout the construction period. permanent sign monthly basis transport problems. However, the Schedule truck deliveries of construction materials ages, barricades proposed sub-project will during periods of low traffic volume. and flagmen on be far from locality. The Erect and maintain barricades, including signs, worksite; impacts are negative but markings, flags and flagmen informing diversions and Number of short-term and within a alternative routes when required. complaints from relatively small area and Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sensitive reversible by mitigation sign boards informing nature and duration of receptors; measures. construction activities and contact numbers for Number of sign concerns/complaints. ages placed at Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil. project location Ensure any damage to properties and utilities will be restored or compensated to pre-work conditions. Socio- Sub-project components Employ at least 50% of labor force from Meherpur Employment Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. economic are located in Pourashava communities in the vicinity of the site. This will have Pourashava area records; inspection by PIU status own land and for further the added benefit of avoiding social problems that Records of and supervision extension land acquisition sometimes occur when workers are imported into sources of consultants on is proposed but no host communities and avoiding environmental and materials monthly basis resettlement is need. social problems from workers housed in poorly Records of Manpower will be required serviced camp accommodation. compliance to during the 18 months Secure construction materials from local market. Bangladesh Labor construction stage. This Law of 2006 and can result to generation of other applicable contractual employment standards and increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and long-term. Other existing Although construction of Provide safety signage at all sites visible to public Proposed Landfill Utilities Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. amenities for sub-project components Provide safety barriers to the boundary of the site Contingency Plan. inspection by PIU community involves quite simple landfill sites. Number of and supervision welfare techniques of civil work, Consult with local community to inform them of the complaints from consultants on
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation the invasive nature of nature, duration and likely effects of the construction sensitive receptors monthly basis excavation and the sub- work, and to identify any local concerns so that these project sites being in can be addressed. isolated areas of Meherpur Prior permission shall be obtained from respective Pourashava where there local authority for use of water for construction. are limited human . activities, will result to impacts to the minimum receptors such as farmers and the gardeners. The impacts are minimum but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. Community Construction works will be Provide safety signage at all sites visible to public Proposed landfill Number of Visual PIU/MDSC/CC. health and at the isolated area of the Contractor’s activities and movement of staff will be site permanent inspection by PIU safety Pourashava and no restricted to designated construction areas. signage and and supervision human settlement If the contractor chooses to locate the work barricade on consultants on movement near the site. camp/storage area on private land, he must get prior worksite; monthly basis Negative impact within permission from the environment management Number of construction site only and specialist and landowner. complaints from reversible by mitigation Under no circumstances may open areas or the sensitive measures. surrounding bushes be used as a toilet facility. receptors; Recycling and the provision of separate waste Agreement receptacles for different types of waste shall be between land encouraged. owner and Workers need to be made aware of the following contractors in general rules: (i) no alcohol/drugs on site; (ii) prevent case of using excessive noise; (iii) construction staff are to make private lands as use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to work camps, ad hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of storage areas, etc. surrounding bushes as a toilet facility); (iv) no fires permitted on site except if needed for the construction works; (v) trespassing on private/commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden; (vi) other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation construction site; and (vii) no worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or that he/she is not trained to do. Interested and affected parties need to be made aware of the existence of the complaints book and the methods of communication available to them. The contractor must address queries and complaints by: (i) documenting details of such communications; (ii) submitting these for inclusion in complaints register; (iii) bringing issues to the national/regional environmental specialist’s attention immediately; and (iv) taking remedial action as per national/regional environment specialist’s instruction. The contractor shall immediately take the necessary remedial action on any complaint/ grievance received by him and forwards the details of the grievance along with the action taken to the national/regional environmental specialist within 48 hours of receipt of such complaint/grievance. Workers health There is invariably a safety Comply with requirements of Government of Proposed landfill Site-specific H Visual Construction and safety risk when construction Bangladesh Labor Law of 2006 and all applicable site & S Plan inspection by PIU Contractor works such as excavation laws and standards on workers H&S. Equipped first- and supervision and earthmoving are Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of aid stations consultants on conducted in an isolated environmental awareness training. The local labour Medical monthly basis rural area. Workers need may be made familiar with the aspects of insurance to be mindful of the environmental or social behaviour by a safeguard coverage for occupational hazards specialist. workers which can arise from Produce and implement a site health and safety Number of working in height and (H&S) plan which include measures as: (i) excluding accidents record excavation works. Short the public from worksites; (ii) ensuring all workers are Records of term minor impacts may provided with and required to use personal protective supply of occur and it is reversible equipment (footwear, gloves, goggles and masks) at uncontaminated by mitigation measures. all times; (iii) providing (H&S) training for all site water personnel; (iv) documenting procedures to be Condition of followed for all site activities; and (v) maintaining eating areas of accident reports and records. workers
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation Arrange for readily available first aid unit including Record of H&S an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials orientation and appliances trainings Maintain necessary living accommodation and Use of personal ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner protective in work camps. Ensure (i) uncontaminated water for equipment drinking, cooking and washing, (ii) clean eating areas Signage’s for where workers are not exposed to hazardous or storage and noxious substances; and (iii) sanitation facilities are disposal areas available at all times. Condition of Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; sanitation facilities Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers for workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 DBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. D. Historical, Cultural, and Archaeological Characteristics Physical and Construction works will be All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, Proposed landfill Records of Visual Construction cultural at isolated area of structures and other remains of archaeological site chance finds inspection by PIU Contractor. heritage Meherpur Pourashava interest discovered on the site shall be the property and supervision where the impact risk is of the government. consultants on low. Prevent workers or any other persons from monthly basis removing and damaging any fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures and other remains of archaeological interest. Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected. E. Others Submission of Unsatisfactory compliance Appointment of supervisor to ensure EMP Meherpur Availability and Monthly Construction
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Monitoring Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Indicator Monitoring Implementation EMP to EMP implementation Pourashava competency of monitoring report Contractor. implementation Timely submission of monitoring reports including appointed to be submitted report pictures supervisor by PIU to PMU Monthly report PMU to submit semi-annual monitoring report to ADB 3. Post-construction Activities Post- Damage due to debris, Remove all spoils wreckage, rubbish, shelters, Proposed landfill PMU/CSS Prior to turn- Construction construction spoils, excess construction and latrines which are no longer required; and site report in writing over of Contractor. clean-up materials The area that previously housed the construction that (i) worksite is completed works camp is to be checked for spills of substances such restored to original to Pourashava as oil, paint, etc. and these shall be cleaned up. conditions; (ii) All hardened surfaces within the construction camp has been camp area shall be ripped, all imported materials vacated and removed, and the area shall be top soiled and restored to pre- regressed using the guidelines set out in the project conditions; revegetation specification that forms part of this (iii) all construction document. related structures The contractor must arrange the cancellation of all not relevant to temporary services. O&M are Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that removed; and (iv) worksites and camp have been vacated and restored worksite clean-up to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work. is satisfactory.
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Table 15: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan – O&M Phase Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation A. Physical Characteristics Water quality Run-off from stockpiled Take all precautions to prevent Landfill site No visible degradation to Everyday visual Meherpur wastes and end- entering of run-off into streams, nearby any water bodies. inspection for drains Pourashava products of composting watercourses or irrigation system. Leachate/discharge quality and water bodies within which may cause Install temporary silt traps or and ECC conditions. 30m circumference of siltation and reduction sedimentation basins along the Parameters to be monitored the facilities. in the quality of channels leading to the water include suspended solids, Monthly monitoring of adjacent bodies of bodies. dissolved solids (inorganic), leachate and/or as water. The impacts are Remove all wastes, by and end pH, ammoniac, nitrogen (as prescribe by ECR, 1997 negative but short-term products immediately. N), total nitrogen (as N), Visual inspection to and in small area and Monitor discharge of leachate biochemical and chemical ensure that glass, reversible by mitigation including review of ECC conditions. oxygen demand, arsenic plastic and other measures. Monitor compost quality. mercury, lead, cadmium, physical inert and Monitor treated wastes quality. total chromium, copper, zinc, fragments are absent in nickel, cyanide, chloride, compost and it has no fluoride, phenol compounds offensive smell and others per ECR, 1997. Monthly monitoring of Compost quality to meet compost and/or standards for arsenic, prescribed by the cadmium, chromium, copper, government. lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, pH and other parameters as prescribed by the government.
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation Air quality Moving wastes, by and Use bin covers and/or tarpaulins Landfill site No of complaints from Duration collection of Meherpur end products (such as during transport of wastes. sensitive receptors wastes. Pourashava composts) may create Use tarpaulin to cover soils, sand During transport of dusts during dry and other loose material that will be wastes by and end- season. Landfill gas used in the controlled landfill. products to the generation. The Green belt will be developed facilities. impacts are negative around the facilities to act as a During transport of but short-term, within a barrier for dust pollution. cover materials. small area and Only inert waste will be sent to reversible by mitigation controlled landfill gas formation is measures. minimum. Acoustic Increase in noise level Plan activities in consultation with Pourashava and No of complaints from During O&M phase Meherpur environment due to presence of Meherpur local authority so that landfill site sensitive receptors Pourashava workers and activities with the greatest potential movement of vehicles to generate noise are conducted vibrations. The impacts during periods of the day which will are negative but short- result in least disturbance. term, within a relatively small area and reversible by mitigation measures. Waste Wastes are of two Design & operate the process to Pourashava and Regular visual inspection at Everyday visual Meherpur Management types hazardous and prevent or minimize the quantities of landfill site the landfill site of re-usable inspection at landfill Pourashava non hazardous. It wastes generated. material. site poses a potential risk Salvage the re-usable materials at Inspection of vessels for to human health or source. leaks, drips or other environment due to The store of the hazardous wastes indications of loss. improper management should be in a close container free Monitoring the of hazardous from sunlight, wind & rain. documentation of the test materials. Adequate ventilation is required (air, soil vapour, and where volatile wastes are stored. groundwater) result. Specially trained employees Regular auditing of waste should be deployed in hazardous segregation and collection waste management activities. practices. Spillage of waste must be Tracking of waste stopped. generation trends by type
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation The waste material will be and amount of waste retreated & disposed of to avert generation. potential impact on human health & Special attention will be environment, when wastes are re- given to monitor the influx of generated after the implementation hazardous waste. of all waste prevention measures. Occupational Its impact is the There are five dimensions i.e. Landfill site Regular inspection and Regular monitoring Meherpur Health and practice related to safety procedures and risk testing of all safety features weekly at landfill site Pourashava Safety occupational accidents management, safety and health and hazard control measures and health hazards rules, first aid support and training, focussing on engineering involving the personnel occupational accident prevention and personal protective in the operation of and organisation safety support. features; work place and waste management Comply with requirements of procedure, installation, facilities. The potential Government of Bangladesh Labor equipment and tools used. impacts are negative Law of 2006 and all applicable laws Ensure proper training of and long-term but and standards on workers H&S. newly deployed worker. reversible by mitigation Ensure that all site personnel Regular health check-up measures. have a basic level of H&S training. will be made by Pourashava Produce and implement a O&M authority for the epidemic H&S plan which include measures disease and illness of related as: (i) excluding the public from workers and it will be worksites; (ii) ensuring all workers recorded accordingly. are provided with and required to use personal protective equipment (footwear, gloves, goggles and masks) at all times; (iii) providing H&S training for all site personnel; (iv) documenting procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) maintaining accident reports and records. Arrange for readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances. Workplace should be
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation supplemented with sufficient lighting. Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through equipment operating areas; Mark and provide sign boards. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate. Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. Community Inadequate and The transportation of solid waste Meherpur No of complaints from Everyday visual Meherpur Health and improper waste will be carried out when public Pourashava sensitive receptors inspection at landfill Pourashava Safety management will lead movement on the street is less i.e. area Visual inspection on the site and check the to traffic safety, al down or at late night and an street and adjacent water transportation records. pollution of air, food, audible alarm/siren will be ringing body. surface & ground water during its movement. sources, fire safety The transport will be properly system which leads to covered so that the waste does not public health. spread with the wind. Respiratory distress from the dust, fumes,
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation odour and exposition of hazardous materials. Construction and During re-construction/ Noise reduction and control Landfill site and Areas for stockpiles, Regular monitoring Meherpur Decommissioning modification/extension strategies will be adopted. Dust future landfill site storage of fuels and weekly at landfill site Pourashava and decommissioning suppression techniques will be for extension/ lubricants and waste and proposed landfill activities noise and implemented viz. Spraying water. reconstruction/ materials; site for extension/ vibration will be caused Hazardous wastes and oily modification Number of silt traps reconstruction/ by the construction substances will be dumped in a pre- installed along trenches modification machineries. Earth selected proper place. leading to water bodies; excavation will cause Proper training and use of Records of surface water soil erosion and dust personal fall arrest system will be quality inspection; emission. The feature provided. Effectiveness of water of nearby water body management measures; will be changed. Land No of visible degradation to contamination will take nearby drainages, khals or place due to dumping water bodies due to of petroleum based construction activities product viz. hydraulic fluids, lubricating oil from leakage, used oil and hazardous waste in open ground. Fatal accident & permanent disability may cause from working with ladder at higher elevation. Waste Littering occurs Encourage use of containers or Meherpur Measure and record the Regular monitoring Meherpur Management everywhere and often bags for waste at the point of Pourashava quantity and quality of weekly at landfill site Pourashava Facilities into drains, while collection for each household and area and landfill leachate generation. at Meherpur clandestine dumping is establishment; site Changes in leachate quantity Pourashava commonly on vacant Implement a regular collection or quality not attributable to lots, public spaces, or schedule with sufficient frequency to weather or other factors may along waterways. avoid accumulation of garbage; indicate changes in the liner, Accumulated waste Encourage separation of leachate collection or landfill may attract disease
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation vectors, contribute to recyclable materials at the point of cover system; clogging of drainage generation, so that the collection Install ground water and sewerage points do not become sorting points monitoring wells outside the networks, make waste for informal sector waste pickers; landfill perimeter at locations readily accessible to Cover collection and transfer and depths sufficient to neighbourhood vehicles along the entire route of evaluate whether leachate is animals and birds and transport to avoid windblown litter; migrating from the landfill pollute waterways. Air Clean vehicles used for waste into the uppermost emission from MSW hauling before transportation of any groundwater unit. This collection and transport goods, including compost; ground water monitoring include dust, bio- Encourage residents to put waste network should usually aerosols, odours and out at designated times and include, at a minimum, one vehicle emissions. locations; monitoring well located in the Dust can include Where possible, blocking off up gradient groundwater flow nuisance dust, access to dumping sites and fining direction from the landfill and hazardous dust and illegal dumpers. two monitoring wells located bio-aerosols. Bio- Establishing frequent waste in the down gradient aerosols are of collection schedule; direction; particular concern to Instituting a washing program for Regularly sample the the health of waste waste collection vehicles; monitoring wells and analyze workers and have Promoting the use of bags to for constituents based on been show to be the reduce the odours from soiling of types, quantities and source of reduced waste collection and transport concentration; pulmonary function equipment; The delectability of and increased Optimize waste collection routes to indicator parameters waste respiratory disease for minimize distance travelled and constituents and reaction those in immediate overall fuel use and emissions; products in groundwater; proximity to waste Waste collection and transport The constituent sweeping and vehicle owners and operators concentrations in the collection activities. should implement the equipment groundwater background; Control of the incoming manufacturers’ recommended waste stream at the engine maintenance and landfill site is mechanical maintenance for the necessary to ensure safe operation of the vehicle, safe and effective including proper tire pressure; processing, treatment and disposal of the Drivers should be instructed on the
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation waste and the quality benefits of driving practices which of the end products reduce both the risk of accidents (e.g., compost). and fuel consumption, including Leachate from waste measured acceleration and driving piles caused by within safe speed limits; exposure to Visually evaluate, weigh and precipitation and from document incoming waste loads; residual liquids in the Separate recoverable secondary waste itself may materials for recycling and organic contain organic matter, waste for composting to the extent nutrients, metals salts, practical; pathogens and Select waste handling and storage hazardous chemicals. areas to irrigation canals to prevent If allowed to migrate, contaminated leachate and leachate can drainage from entering surface and contaminate soil, ground water; surface water and Use impermeable materials for ground water waste processing and storage areas potentially causing and vehicle washing areas and additional impacts install curbs to prevent runoff to such as eutrophication permeable areas; and acidification of Collect runoff and leachate from surface water and areas used for waste storage and contamination of water treat runoff to meet applicable supplies. environmental standards before discharge to surface water; Re-use collected water in on-site disposal processes to the extent practical or store with collected leachate awaiting treatment. Water and Leakage in water Checking of leakage in water Proposed landfill Moist soil in the locus of the Regular monitoring Meherpur Sanitation distribution network will distribution line; site piped water network weekly at landfill site at Pourashava Facilities cause water pollution. The sewage will be conveyed via a indicates leakage in the Meherpur Pourashava Unhygienic way of system of pipes, pumps and other pipeline; transportation of associated infrastructure to a Odour from the treated sewage from the pit/ centralized storage and/or treatment sewer dumping agricultural
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation bucket latrines or system. Sewage solids will be land; septic tanks and collected in and periodically Presence of pathogenic indiscriminate dumping removed from on site interceptor bacteria in water in wells into the environment or tanks, while the liquids are adjacent to that land; in the agriculture land transported to a centralized location Health condition of farmers as it may contain high for storage, treatment or disposal. of that agricultural land and level of pathogenic Treatment or pre-treatment will be people depend on wells microorganisms, which done to neutralize/remove toxic nearby. may have negative chemicals, corrosive or radioactive impacts on human substances, noxious or malodorous health, soil and ground materials. water. It may spread disease, odours and contaminate wells. B. Biological Characteristics Biodiversity Activities in the fringe No trees, shrubs, or groundcover Meherpur No of complaints from During O&M phase, Construction area of Meherpur may be removed or vegetation Pourashava sensitive receptors Vegetation monitoring Contractor/ Pourashava. There are stripped without the prior Survival rate of vegetation/ to be implemented until Meherpur no protected areas in permission. green belt trees is 2 m high. Pourashava or around the sub- Prevent workers or any other project sites and no person from removing and known areas of damaging any flora (plant/ ecological interest. vegetation) and fauna (animal). Monitor survival rate of vegetation (plants & trees) in the green belt of the facilities. C. Socioeconomic Characteristics Existing Increase in traffic in the Early hour collection will be Meherpur No of complaints from During O&M phase Meherpur provisions for Pourashava during enforced before the peak traffic Pourashava sensitive receptors Pourashava pedestrians and collection, loading and hours. other forms of unloading of wastes. Maintain safe passage for transport The impacts are vehicles and pedestrians. negative but short- Erect and maintain barricades, term, within a relatively including signs, markings, flags and small area and flagmen informing diversions and reversible by mitigation alternative routes when required.
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Frequency of Responsible for Field Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Implementation measures. Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. Ensure any damage to properties and utilities will be restored or compensated to pre-work conditions.
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C. Institutional Capacity Development Program 177. The MDSC national and regional environmental specialists are responsible for trainings on environmental awareness and management in accordance with both ADB and government requirements. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the target participants and the requirements of the project. Typical modules would be as follows: (i) sensitization; (ii) introduction to environment and environmental considerations in water supply and wastewater projects; (iii) review of IEEs and integration into the project detailed design; (iv) improved coordination within nodal departments; and (v) monitoring and reporting system. The contractors will be required to conduct environmental awareness and orientation of workers prior to deployment to work sites. The proposed training project along with the frequency of sessions is presented in Table 16. Table 16: Training Program for Environmental Management Pre-construction/prior to Items Construction construction Training Title Orientation workshop Orientation program/ Experiences and workshop for contractors best practices and supervisory staffs sharing Purpose To aware the participants of the To build the capacity of the To share the environmental safeguard staffs for effective experiences and requirements of ADB and GOB implementation of the best practices and how the project will meet designed EMPs aimed at aimed at these requirements meeting the environmental learning lessons safeguard compliance of and improving ADB and GOB implementation of EMP Contents Module 1: Orientation Roles and Experiences on ADB Safeguards Policy responsibilities of EMP Statement officials/contractors/consul implementation Government of Bangladesh tants towards protection of – issues and Environmental Laws and environment challenges Regulations Environmental issues Best practices Module 2: Environmental during construction followed Assessment Process Implementation of EMP ADB environmental process, Monitoring of EMP identification of impacts and implementation mitigation measures, formulation of Reporting requirements an environmental management plan (EMP), implementation, and monitoring requirements Review of environmental assessment report to comply with ADB requirements Incorporation of EMP into the project design and contracts Duration 1 day 1 day 1 day on a regular period to be determined by PMU, PIUs, and PMSC Participants LGED, DPHE, PMU, and PMU PMU/ PIUs PMU /PIUs staffs (technical and Contractors Contractors environmental) involved in the project implementation
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D. Staffing Requirement and Budget 178. Costs required for implementing the EMP will cover the following activities: (i) Updating IEE, preparing and submitting reports and public consultation and disclosure; (ii) Application for environmental clearances; and (iii) Implementation of EMP, environmental monitoring program and long-term surveys.
179. The infrastructure involved in each scheme is generally straightforward and will take between three and nine months to build. Environmental monitoring during construction will also be straightforward and will involve periodic site observations and interviews with workers and others, plus checks of reports and other documents. This will be conducted by MDSC environmental management specialist assisted by the PMU environment officer. The environmental management specialist will use the IEE as necessary and perform tasks as specified in the TOR. Therefore no separate budget required for MDSC environment management specialist. 180. The cost of mitigation measures and surveys during construction stage will be incorporated into the contractor’s costs, which will be binding on him for implementation. The surveys will be conducted by the contractors. 181. The operation phase mitigation measures are again of good operating practices, which will be the responsibility of Meherpur pourashava. All monitoring during the operation and maintenance phase will be conducted by LGED and DPHE, therefore, there are no additional costs. The indicative costs of EMP implementation are shown in Tables 17 and 18 (by source of funds).
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Table 17: Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation Total Rate Cost Particulars Stages Unit Cost covered by Number (Taka) (Taka) A. Mitigation Measures 1. Compensatory plantation measures Construction Per tree Civil works contract B. Monitoring Measures 1. Air quality monitoring - Pre-construction Per location 2 30,000 60,000 Civil works - Construction contract 2. Noise levels monitoring - Pre-construction Per location 20 10,000 200,000 Civil works - Construction contract C Capacity Building 1. (i) Orientation workshop for officials Module 1 – immediately upon engagement lump sum Module 1 – 450,000 Covered under involved in the project implementation on of the MDSC environmental specialists 150000 MDSC contract ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, Government of Bangladesh Module 2 – prior to award of civil works environmental laws and regulations, and contracts (twice a year for 4 years) Module 2 – environmental assessment process; (ii) 150000 induction course contractors, preparing Module 3 – prior to start of Phase 2 and them on EMP implementation and upon completion of the project Module 3 – environmental monitoring requirements 150000 related to mitigation measures; and taking immediate action to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation; and (iii) lessons learned information sharing D. Consultants Costs 1. MDSC national environmental specialist Responsible for environmental safeguards of person months 40 person 225000 per 90,00000 Remuneration (1 person) the project (spread over months person and budget for entire project month travel covered in implementation the MDSC period) contract 2. MDSC regional environmental specialists Responsible for environmental safeguards of person months 40 each = 152,000 18,240,000 Remuneration (3 persons) the project (spread over 120 person- per and budget for entire project months person- travel covered in implementation month the MDSC period) contract
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Total Rate Cost Particulars Stages Unit Cost covered by Number (Taka) (Taka) E. Administrative Costs 1. Legislation, permits, and agreements Permit for excavation, tree-cutting permits, Lump sum 50,000 50,000 These consents etc are to be obtained by contractor at his own expense. Environmental assessment and Lump sum 100,000 100,000 Pourashava cost environmental clearances as per ECA and for municipal ECR requirements infrastructures
Obtaining right of way clearances with related national agencies. F. Other Costs 1. Public consultations and information Information disclosure and consultations As per Lump sum 300,000 Covered under disclosure during preconstruction and construction requirement MDSC contract phase, including public awareness campaign through media 2. GRM implementation Costs involved in resolving complaints Lump sum 450,000 PMU/PIU cost (meetings, consultations, communication, and reporting/information dissemination) 3. Any unanticipated impact due to project Mitigation of any unanticipated impact Lump sum Contractor’ As per Civil works implementation arising during construction phase and defect s liability insurance contract – liability period requirement contractor’s insurance
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Table 18 : Indicative Cost of EMP Implementation – Per Source of Funding Total Rate Cost Particulars Stages Unit Cost covered by Number (Taka) (Taka) A. Contractors 1. Compensatory plantation measures Construction Per tree Civil works contract 2. Air quality monitoring - Pre-construction Per location 2 30,000 60,000 Civil works contract - Construction 3. Noise levels monitoring - Pre-construction Per location 20 10,000 200,000 Civil works contract - Construction 4. Legislation, permits, and agreements Permit for excavation, tree-cutting Lump sum 50,000 50,000 These consents are permits, etc to be obtained by contractor at his own expense. 5. Any unanticipated impact due to project Mitigation of any unanticipated impact Lump sum Contractor’s As per Civil works contract implementation arising during construction phase and liability insurance – contractor’s defect liability period requirement insurance Subtotal 310,000 B. MDSC 1. Public consultations and information Information disclosure and consultations As per Lump sum 300,000 Covered under disclosure during preconstruction and construction requirement MDSC contract phase, including public awareness campaign through media 2. (i) Orientation workshop for officials Module 1 – immediately upon lump sum Module 1 – 450,000 Covered under involved in the project implementation engagement of the MDSC environmental 150,000 MDSC contract on ADB Safeguards Policy Statement, specialists Module 2 – Government of Bangladesh 150,000 environmental laws and regulations, and Module 2 – prior to award of civil works environmental assessment process; (ii) contracts (twice a year for 4 years) Module 3 – induction course contractors, preparing 150,000 them on EMP implementation and environmental monitoring requirements related to mitigation measures; and Module 3 – prior to start of Phase 2 and taking immediate action to remedy upon completion of the project unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation; and (iii) lessons learned information sharing
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Total Rate Cost Particulars Stages Unit Cost covered by Number (Taka) (Taka) 3. MDSC national environmental specialist Responsible for environmental person months 40 person 225,000 per 90,00000 Remuneration and (1 person) safeguards of the project (spread over months person budget for travel entire project month covered in the implementation MDSC contract period) 4. MDSC regional environmental Responsible for environmental person months 40 152000 per 18,240,000 Remuneration and specialists (3 persons) safeguards of the project (spread over each = 120 person- budget for travel entire project person- month covered in the implementation months MDSC contract period) Subtotal 27,990,000 C. Administrative Cost (Recurring) – PMU 1. Legislation, permits, and agreements Environmental assessment and Lump sum 100,000 100,000 Pourashava cost for environmental clearances as per ECA municipal and ECR requirements infrastructures
Obtaining right of way clearances with related national agencies. 2. GRM implementation Costs involved in resolving complaints Lump sum 1,000,000 PMU/PIU cost (meetings, consultations, communication, and reporting/information dissemination) Subtotal 1,100,000
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IX. MONITORING AND REPORTING
182. PMU will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will correspond with the project’s risks and impacts, and will be identified in the EIAs/ IEEs for the projects. In addition to recording information on the work and deviation of work components from original scope PMU, PIUs, and MDSC will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome. Corrective actions to be taken quickly and reported in monitoring reports. 183. MDSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to PMU, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. Sub-project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. For projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts during operation, reporting will continue at the minimum on an annual basis. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public. 184. LGED and DPHE will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, reflect them in a corrective action plan and for each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by ADB. 185. ADB will review project performance against the commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation: (i) conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental or social impacts; (ii) conduct supervision missions with detailed review by ADB’s safeguard specialists/officers or consultants for projects with significant adverse social or environmental impacts; (iii) review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by EAs to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated, as planned and as agreed with ADB; (iv) work with EAs to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and (v) prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.
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X. CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
186. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of Meherpur solid waste and sanitation (fecal sludge) management sub-project. All potential impacts were identified in relation to design and location, construction, and operation phases. 187. Planning principles and design considerations have been reviewed and incorporated into the site planning process whenever possible; thus, environmental impacts as being due to the project design or location were not significant. 188. Most of the individual elements of the sub-project are relatively small and involve straight forward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant. Most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process and are produced because that process is invasive, involving trenching and other excavation. However, the routine nature of the impacts means that most can be easily mitigated. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to ensure that all measures are implemented and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on - and off-site, document checks and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB. 189. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and public consultation, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the sub-project. The IEE will be made available at public locations in the city and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and LGED websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly. 190. Management and organizational set-up will be improved for efficient waste collection and disposal. Training of relevant staff will be provided for improving efficiency and enhancing public awareness towards solid waste management including cost recovery. Necessary collection equipment and collection bins will also be provided. Apart from these, reduction, recovery, reuse and recycling of solid waste will be a major concern under this component. Waste collection effectiveness will be improved though privatization of solid waste services. Assistance will be provided to the municipalities develop effective monitoring, control measures and ensuring use and maintenance of equipment. 191. The PMU and MDSC will be responsible for monitoring. The MDSC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU and the PMU will send semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website. 192. The EMP will assist the PMU, MDSC, and contractors in mitigating the environmental impacts and guide them in the environmentally sound execution of the proposed project. The EMP will also ensure efficient lines of communication between the implementing agency, project management unit and contractors. A copy of the EMP shall be kept on-site during the construction period at all times. The EMP shall be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included in the contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document shall constitute a failure in compliance. 193. Therefore the proposed sub-project is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts and net environmental benefits to citizens of Meherpur will be positive. The potential impacts that are associated with design, construction and operation can be mitigated to standard
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levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. 194. As per Government of Bangladesh ECA, 1995 and ECR, 1997, the sub-project is categorized as “red”; and LCC and ECC must be obtained from DoE. 195. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS, 2009.
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Appendix-1 Photograph of Landfill Site at Meherpur Pourashava
Entrance of Landfill side (North) Entrance of Landfill side (South)
Entrance of Landfill side (East) Entrance of Landfill side (West)
Trees to be cut Approach road to the Landfill side
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Appendix-2 Environment Clearance Certificate
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Appendix-3 Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist for Screening of Solid Waste Management
Name of Pourashava : Meherpur Name of Sector Solid Waste Management
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Meherpur pourashava covers an area of Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the 17.60 sq.km with a population density of following environmentally sensitive areas? 4,095 persons/sq.km. The area is predominantly residential. The location of the proposed controlled disposal site is 1.5 km from the core urban area. Cultural heritage site √ Protected area √ Wetland √ Mangrove √ Estuarine √ Buffer zone of protected area √ Special area for protecting biodiversity √ B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… • impacts associated with transport of √ Subproject will improve current collection wastes to the disposal site or treatment facility and transport of wastes. • impairment of historical/cultural √ Not applicable monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites? • degradation of aesthetic and property √ Subproject will improve the existing value loss? dumping site adjacent to the highway. • nuisance to neighboring areas due to foul √ Subproject will improve the current odor and influx of insects, rodents, etc.? situation. During construction problem may increase. O&M Manual to be developed under the project will include odor and pest control. • dislocation or involuntary resettlement of √ Not applicable people? • disproportionate impacts on the poor, √ Not applicable. Rag pickers/scavengers women and children, indigenous peoples or other are not present in the existing dumpsite. vulnerable groups? • risks and vulnerabilities related √ Anticipated during construction activities. occupational health and safety due to physical, However, impacts are temporary and short chemical, biological, and radiological hazards in duration. The EMP includes measures during project construction and operation? to mitigate impacts. • public health hazards from odor, smoke √ O&M Manual to be developed under the from fire, and diseases transmitted by flies, insects, project will include fire, odor and birds and rats? appropriate pest control. • deterioration of water quality as a result of √ Leachate management measures have contamination of receiving waters by leacheate been incorporated in the preliminary from land disposal system? design • contamination of ground and/or surface √ Preliminary design includes construction of water by leachate from land disposal system? impermeable layer at the base of the site and inner side slope of the embankment for groundwater protection (subject to detailed geological investigation during detailed design) • land use conflicts? √ Not applicable. No change in land use. • pollution of surface and ground water from √ Leachate and landfill gas management leachate coming form sanitary landfill sites or measures have been incorporated in the methane gas produced from decomposition of solid preliminary design. wastes in the absence of air, which could enter the
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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks aquifer or escape through soil fissures at places far from the landfill site? • inadequate buffer zone around landfill site √ Buffer zone and greenbelt around facilities to alleviate nuisances? included in preliminary designs. • road blocking and/or increased traffic √ Road closures are not required. during construction of facilities? Construction contractors will be required to implement traffic management plan and coordinate with Meherpur local authority. • noise and dust from construction √ Conducting works at dry season and activities? moving large quantity of materials may create dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants. The impacts are negative but short-term, site-specific within a relatively small area and reversible through mitigation measures. • temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ Due to excavation, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants. The impacts are negative but short-term, site-specific within a relatively small area and reversible through mitigation measures. • hazards to public health due to inadequate √ Appropriate institutional development and management of landfill site caused by inadequate capacity building for Meherpur pourashava institutional and financial capabilities for the included in the project management of the landfill operation? • emission of potentially toxic volatile √ Not anticipated. organics from land disposal site? • surface and ground water pollution from √ Leachate and landfill gas management leachate and methane gas migration? measures have been incorporated in the preliminary design. • loss of deep-rooted vegetation (e.g. tress) √ Not anticipated. Deep-rooted vegetation from landfill gas? no present in existing dumpsite • explosion of toxic response from √ Not anticipated. Expected GHG generation accumulated landfill gas in buildings? is insignificant. Preliminary design includes gas vents. • contamination of air quality from √ Not applicable. incineration? • health and safety hazards to workers from √ Personal protective equipment will be toxic gases and hazardous materials in the site? provided to workers. Regular training will also be conducted to ensure that workers are aware of construction hazards and risks of chemicals during O&M. • large population influx during project √ Improved solid waste management construction and operation that causes increased systems through capacity building and burden on social infrastructure and services (such institutional development will ensure as water supply and sanitation systems)? reduced burden on services and infrastructure. • social conflicts if workers from other √ Priority in employment will be given to regions or countries are hired? local residents. • risks to community health and safety due √ Not applicable. Construction will not to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of involve use of explosives and chemicals. materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation? • community safety risks due to both √ Operational area will be clearly accidental and natural hazards, especially where demarcated and access will be controlled. the structural elements or components (e.g., landfill Only worker and project concerned or incinerator) of the project are accessible to members will be allowed to visit the members of the affected community or where their operational sites. failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?
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Appendix-4 Spoil Management Plan-Solid Waste Management Sub-project
I. SPOILS INFORMATION
A. Materials Type B. Potential Contamination C. Expected Volume and Sources D. Spoil Classification
II. SPOILS MANAGEMENT
1. Transportation of Spoil 2. Storage of Spoil 3. Contaminated Spoil 4. Approved Reuse and/or Disposal Sites
III. RECORDS OF REUSE AND/OR DISPOSAL
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Appendix-5 Records of Public Consultation
Public Consultation in front of a Tin Rastar Mour and Stadium Mour, Meherpur Pourashava
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Table: Issues of the Public Consultation- Design Phase SI Key Issues/Demands Perception of Community Action to be Taken No 01 Awareness of the project including Yes, they are aware of the No need to take action. coverage area project that will be improved 02 In what way they may associate They will give all types of More consultation before with the project cooperation for implementation start of the project. of the project 03 Presence of any forest, wildlife or No such information available. No need to take action. any sensitive/unique environmental components nearby the project area 04 Presence of historical/cultural/ No such information available. No need to take action. religious sites nearby 05 Unfavourable climatic condition No such information available. No need to take action. 06 Occurrence of flood Proposed site not flooded No need to take action. 07 Drainage and sewerage problem Not facing drainage problem. No need to take action. facing 08 Present drinking water problem- Drinking water collected by Poura Authority should take quantity and quality individual deep/shallow tube more attention to supply well drinking water to paura people 09 Present solid waste collection and Yes, Has solid waste collection Need improved solid waste distribution problem and disposal problem collection and disposal system. Pourashava can solve this problem. 10 Availability of labour during Yes, Local labour is available. No need to take action. construction time 11 Yes, it is by the side of road, so Access road to project site No need to take action. it will provide access. 12 Perception of villagers on tree Yes, no tree felling in this No need to take action. felling and a forestation project. 13 Dust and noise pollution Yes, they know the impact will EMP will be prepared to disturbances during construction be short-term & negligible. minimize the impact. work 14 Setting up construction camp site Yes, construction camp is No camp or storage site within the villages/project locality required for this sub-project. within locality 15 Safety of residents during Yes, they are aware of the Awareness programs will be construction phase and plying of safety issues. taken before start of the vehicle for construction activities construction work. 16 Conflicts among beneficiaries No use of community water in No need to take action. downstream users-water supply this project. project using of river water 17 Requirements of enhancement of Road improvement will No need to take action. other facilities enhance the facilities. 18 Whether local people agreed to No further land is required. sacrifice their lands (cultivable or No need to take action. not) for beneficial project after getting proper compensation
Summary of Outcome: For this sub-project no further land is required. People are aware of the project; they want improved waste collection system and disposal of collected wastes in the urban residential and commercial area. They also want to ensure safe disposal of hazardous and toxic wastes from hospitals and clinics. They are ready to co-operate the municipality for the implementation of this sub-project. It is not going to impact any religions structure, water resource and heritage structure. People are aware of the short term
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problems but ready to manage the same for their better interest. Necessary collection equipment and collecting bins will be needed in the locality will improve the quality of life of the people in that locality and Pourashava and ultimately certain section of Bangladesh. Appendix-6 Special Condition for Environment Code of Practice (ECOP)
Special Condition for Environment Code of Practice (ECOP) of Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Sub-project of Meherpur Pourashava SI. No Issues Management Measures Action By Excavation, filling During excavating / cleaning work the safety measures need to be 1 and clearing of taken by the construction crew such as wearing protective clothing, Contractor wastes dumping shoes, gloves and face masks. Collected earth and sand need to be site cover during transportation. Regular sprinkling of water in the vicinity of the construction site is necessary so that dust is not re-suspended. Frequency of the 2 Dust & Cleaning sprinkling to be three times a day or more based on the extent of Contractor activity and dryness of the season; Cleaning to be done in a manner that does not generate or re-suspend dust. Proper notification should be provided to the public surrounding the Site preparation construction site. A notice board informing the proposed work should (civil works) for 3 be erected two weeks prior to actual work. An alternative Contractor/PIU Solid Waste road/detour route need to be constructed for temporary passing the Management people, rickshaw, van, car private etc. Public A public awareness need to be done before start to the work. This 4 awareness awareness campaign may be done through making posters and sign PIU campaign board near the construction areas. Use of ear plugs / muffs is necessary by all construction workers during operation of heavy equipment/ machinery; Wherever feasible, Noise Contractor 5 noise absorption padding / enclosures should be used surrounding the noise-generating machinery. Extensive barricading of the construction zone should be provided so that pedestrians do not come into direct contact with the 6 Pedestrian & machines, tools, material and other accessories; Contractor traffic safety Provision of barricading to be done so that these do not create traffic safety problems; Supplementary aids / tools such as signboards, reflectors and night lighting to be used to avoid possible accidents. Compensatory tree plantation in the ratio of 2 trees planted for every Safeguard & tree that had to be cut due to construction activities; 7 PIU cutting of trees Any tree saved from cutting should be barricaded and protected by the Contractor. Well-defined onsite area for storing of any debris generated; Debris 8 Transporting debris with proper coverage; Disposal in an approved management Contractor dump yard / landfill. Provision of personal protection equipment (PPE) such as helmets, 9 Worker safety boots and face masks for the workers; Provision of first aid box with Contractor basic items. Transporting Transporting with adequate safety precautions, e.g. not to use 10 construction undersized trucks. Adequate covering of trucks that are used to Contractor material transport material to and from the construction site. Storing Well-defined area for storage with suitable containment as required. construction 11 Proper labelling of different items Contractor material Adequate disposal of sanitary waste need to be considered in order 12 Worker camps Contractor to follow best waste management practices. Basic hygiene and
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SI. No Issues Management Measures Action By cleanliness in the worker camps, if any. In particular, toilet facilities should be well-maintained with basic provision of soak pits & septic tanks. Drinking water should also be provided to the workers. Ensuring compliance to the ECR rules in terms of ambient air and 13 Monitoring noise monitoring data. PIU Need to campaign among the mass about the awareness of the importance of the road, not to create any obstacle on the road side drain, abstain disposal of solid waste to the road side drain etc. 14 ECOP for LGED PIU Ensuring compliance to the ECR rules in terms of solid waste disposal, ambient air and noise monitoring data during operational period.
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Appendix-7 Approval of ToR
Approval of ToR for Solid Waste and Sanitation (Fecal Sludge) Management Sub- project in Meherpur Pourashava from DoE
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Appendix-8 Operation Manual of Landfill Site
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 1. General Sanitary Landfill is an open place where the fill is completely degraded biologically, chemically and physically. Operating procedures at a sanitary landfill are determined by many factors. The landfill operational plan prepared as a part of the design procedure serves as the primary resource document, providing the technical details of the landfill. Since a landfill is constructed and operated over number of years, it is important that personnel continually consult the plan to assure conformance with the plan. A careful planning is necessary to make a smooth transition to a revised operating plan. Nevertheless, this construction, operation and maintenance of a sanitary landfill can also be assigned to a private operator. 1.1 Plan of Operations The sanitary landfill is executed following a general plan, which may be modified on climate changes or emergencies. The waste and the cover material will be placed at the authorized working face only, to facilitate the operation sequences. Operations for forming the first daily cells: Demarcate the site to, which will receive the day’s waste and unload the waste. Spread the waste in thin layers of 0.20 to 0.30 m and compact it manually. Cover the compacted waste with a layer of earth 0.1 to 0.15 m thick. Compact the surface at the end of the working day. Once the first cell has been completed, the second can be constructed immediately beside or on top of it, following the landfill construction plan. 2. Operation and Maintenance of Landfill 2.1 Operation The operation is a continuing process, which needs appropriate staffing structure adequate fund and a well-designed operation system. In addition it needs the following labor and equipment: a) Labor: Labor is a primary factor of production at a sanitary landfill site. They may be under the Pourashava pay role or hired. Its number depends on the volume of sanitary landfill operation method and the climatic condition. They will work under a skilled supervisor. b) Supervision: Supervision is the act or process of directing a person or group of people at a sanitary landfill site. The supervisor will direct a person or group of people to get the work done. c) Work tools: It is a mechanical tools or instrument of operated manually to perform or to facilitate mechanical operations in a sanitary landfill. d) Personal protection equipment (PPE): Because of the type of work they do at the sanitary landfill and their direct contact with the waste, the workers are exposed to accidents and to infectious and contagious diseases. These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical or other workplace hazards. It is therefore important to protect the workers’ safety and health by providing them with gloves, boots, hats, dust masks, and at least two uniforms a year. It is a specialized clothing/equipment wear to protect someone against health and safety hazard. It is worn by the labour to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses. (Figure 1)
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Figure 1: Safety equipment for the workers
2.2 Operation in the Rainy Season The most serious problems in landfill operation occur in rainy periods. Be aware of the changed weather conditions that may cause an adverse impact on approach roads leading to the land fill. Lightning may cause fire. Prepare the appropriate firefighting equipment. In case of heavy continued rain, follow weather forecasts on local media and social networking websites. During a thunderstorm, avoid standing under trees and electricity poles. Try to avoid working in or standing in upland sanitary landfill areas. It may cause excessive shivering. More leachate is produced, because of the rain falling directly on the filled areas. The following precautions should therefore be taken: Cover the surface of the sanitary landfill partially/ totally with impervious material. Reserve some areas free from rain affect, with access roads in bad weather. Construct an artificial road using wooden logs/plank. Schedule maximum earth movement in the dry periods. Waste disposal will be the only activity in the rain. The solid wastes will covered with impervious material to prevent rain water penetration through the garbage. To maximize work volume, engage more labor in dry period
2.3 Maintenance Maintenance involves keeping the workplace, its structures, equipment, machines, furniture and facilities operating efficiently and safely. Maintenance is also a perennial job which is defined as “the function of preserving, repairing and restoring a landfill and keeping it in a condition for safe stage. It includes many tasks including repairing, replacing, servicing, inspecting and testing. The term could also be used in relation to the importance of keeping the staff safe, fit and healthy. Routine and preventative are the two main types of maintenance work.
2.4 Tools Tool is a piece of equipment that is used with hands to make/repair something. A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process. Once the day’s work is over, the tools should be put away clean. Any
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damaged tools must be repaired or replaced as soon as possible. The knowledge of constructing, obtaining and using tools is technology. 3. External Infrastructure and Landfill Infrastructure a) Access road and internal road: The Road is a long, narrow stretch with a smoothed or paved surface, made for traveling by motor vehicle, carriage, etc. through where common people have an access to the landfill. Proper and regular maintenance can keep its cost less than its repair. As such it should be kept tidy. b) Perimeter drainage: Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub- surface water from an area. To keep a drain operational, soil buildup and debris from open channels, ditches, and gutters should be removed regularly. Regular inspection is to be performed on the drainage network and perform necessary corrective actions. c) Loose litter: It includes any solid or liquid domestic or commercial waste, refuse, debris or rubbish. It also includes any waste glass, metal, plastic, paper, fabric, wood, food, soil, sand, concrete or rocks. It is important to keep the areas adjacent to the daily working face clean. When papers blown by the wind are allowed to accumulate, the landfill starts to look scruffy. At the end of the day’s work, one of the workers should collect all such loose litter and deposit it where the daily cell is constructed. d) Drainage of the leachate: Leachate from a landfill varies widely in composition depending on the age of the landfill and the type of waste that it contains. It usually contains both dissolved and suspended material. The generation of leachate is caused principally by precipitation percolating through waste deposited in a landfill. The drainage layers used in landfill systems must be permeable to allow leachate to filter through to the collection system. As big quantity of fine material is carried out by the water to the landfill, the drainage system and internal and external storage ditches gradually silt up and can become blocked in time. It is hardly feasible to remove this material inside the landfill, but the external ditches can be cleared by extracting all the fine material. e) Drainage of gas: Landfill settlement and the vehicular traffic over the finished cells and embankments cause the gas vents to become deformed and bent, so it is necessary to make sure they are kept vertical as the level of the landfill rises, to prevent them from becoming obstructed or completely deteriorated. f) Facilities: The infrastructure and other facilities, such as the enclosing fence, the site identification board, the control room, worker and equipment room and the sanitary facilities, should be given good maintenance so as not to detract from the image of the landfill. g) Final cover and settlement: The spreading of the final layers of cover material and the sowing of grass on the finished landfill, which will not be receiving any more waste, require great care because they contribute to the good working of the landfill and improve its aspect. It is a good idea to speed up the grass-sowing process by planting turf on at least 10% of the area so that the site will quickly blend in with the natural landscape. With the passage of time MSW decomposes into gases and liquids, with the result that the cover earth and the moisture penetrate into the empty spaces of the landfill, causing settlement. After two years, the settlement is greatly reduced, and it practically disappears after five years. Since this process is not uniform, depressions are produced in the surface of the landfill, and rain water accumulates there. It must be made sure that the surface of the site is kept level and that it has good drainage, with a gradient of 2 to 3%. The Pourashava administration should make sure that once the useful life of the manual sanitary landfill is over, the final landscaping and all the maintenance required are provided, so that the site will be enjoyed by the community as intended at the beginning of the project. If this is not so, the affected population will probably reject the construction of new landfills, which would make it necessary to construct them farther away, thereby increasing the hauling costs and the costs of the public cleaning service in general. At the end of the useful
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life of a sanitary landfill, a new site identification sign board should be put up to inform all the neighboring population and passers-by that the landfill is out of service. After a prudent length of time in which the landfill has been successfully stabilized and turned into a recreational area or green area, it is recommended that a sign be put up with the information that the new project has been constructed on top of a closed sanitary landfill. 4. Operation and maintenance of Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant 4.1 Operation The operation is technically simple, but biologically complex and must therefore be carefully operated during start-up to ensure that the macrophytes have a chance to acclimatize to grow. During the start-up phase, the beds should be irrigated with untreated wastewater. Planting macrophytes during the rainy or wet season is also recommended to help the macrophytes to endure in the commissioning stage. On an average, a six month start-up is recommended. Prior to removal, sludge can be left for several months without additional loading which results in greater pathogen and moisture reduction. Sludge removal is currently carried out manually, although mechanical desludging machines may follow later. The main causes of poor operational performance include poorly constructed filters; inadequate capillary connections; an inadequate number of beds, insufficient bed area; or overloading during commissioning and subsequent operation. Operational problems can be overcome by proper dimensioning. 4.2 Maintenance Maintenance is essential to keep premises, equipment, machines and the work environment safe and reliable. It helps to eliminate workplace hazards. Lack of maintenance or inadequate maintenance can lead to dangerous situations, accidents and health problems. Trained staff for operation and maintenance is required to ensure proper protection (boots, gloves and clothing). The drains must be maintained and effluent must be properly collected and disposed of. The plants should be periodically thinned and/ or harvested. The unit can be built and repaired with locally available materials. As an austerity drive electrical use should be avoided. 5. Operation and Maintenance of Composting Plant 5.1 Operation Operation of composting plant and transfer station is vital for a smooth solid waste management system. It goes without saying that a well design pre plan schedule is required for fixing time of arriving the collection vehicle and transfer vehicle at composting plant. 5.2 Maintenance Generally, composting plant consists of brick work, concrete work, plaster/painting work C.I sheet roofing etc. The objective of maintenance is to keep the aforesaid works in good conditions so as to increase the life of the building shed and keep those in intended serviceable condition. The maintenance mostly required in; Painting(wall and truss), Repairing of concrete and plaster Steel/iron works painting and repair Table 1: Maintenance of C. I. Sheet Roofing Common Problems Remedial Measure Loose fitting If roof nails become loose, these are to be tightened, if required Less lapping washers are to be changed, damaged sheet are to be changed. Loose washer Care should be also taken for sagging.
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Now looking back, the pertinent O&M issues, the causes for their observed shortfall in urban milieu, leading to accelerated deterioration of infrastructure and probable ways to combat them are generically reflected on in the BOX below.
O&M perspectives of Municipal Infrastructure under UGIIP III BOX O&M of municipal infrastructure is a perennial job of the Pourashavas. It requires skill, expertise and importantly, adequate provision for carrying out the related job with promptitude. It goes without saying that presence of maintenance is not readily detectable, rather its absence is obviously visible. In Bangladesh, by and large, the PSs are somewhat maintenance-shy. The entities blame a shortfall in fund-availability for, at times, dismal maintenance of poura-infrastructure especially roads. The fear of the vicious cycle of ‘poor O&M-quick deterioration of infrastructure, failing short of its service-life- cry for new investment’ looms large in the urban scenario of the country. Now if one delves into the root causes of the stated woe, the obvious evident ones come out to be: Poor/inadequate allocation set aside/earmarked for maintenance in the Pourashava budget Not even the full budgeted amount made available for use within the financial year (the PSs quite often prepare ‘deficit’ budget.) Other areas given preference over ‘O&M’ works A times, money from O&M head is used for improvement/development work (a financial anarchy) [ improvement/development works are visible while O&M ones are not, hence favored by the Pourashava authority] A general lack of awareness and concomitant knowledge about the need and exigency of maintenance works (little training on skill development for the PS-staff to do their job better) Inadequate support from the exchequer for O&M works The stated factors are only a few of the O&M-related woes of the PSs It is true that the project proposes a provision of a nominal 5% increase in O&M-head in successive budgets (entailing a compounding effect to combat inflation). Now given the inflation, revision of schedule of rates of LGED in successive years (the PSs use LGED schedule of rates) which often beat normal inflation rates and the poura-authority’s shortfall in prioritizing their O&M-agenda – all indicate that the stated 5% increase may not suffice in the long run, albeit not in the project-period context since O&M needs may only be essential in the 4th year of the project at the earliest (say for the infrastructure built 25% of the total projected invest that would be made in the 1st phase 2 years). Now to address the above stated vicious cycle, the following ways may be coined albeit accepting them will be the matter of concerned authorities. For the incumbent PSs, such ways include (not exhaustive): Religiously follow the UGIAP stipulations to try and substantially raise the holding tax revenue base and concomitantly raise the collection-efficiency, so that the PSs are able to allocate bigger chunk of fund towards O&M of poura-infrastructure; Explore, examine and focus on non-holding tax revenue base, revise leasing and renting out of poura- facilities and make effort of raising pertinent revenue base which shall also help channel more fund to O&M-head. Introduction of ‘mobile-maintenance team’ concept (ref vol. 3: Engineering Report) can be of substantial help in arresting or slowing down deterioration of infrastructure, especially roads, which, through acting as a ‘stitch in time’ mechanism will stand to reduce the extent maintenance shortfall/intensity. Make efforts of allocating fund, in excess of 5%, for maintenance. Reduce the time-gap between the ‘identification of maintenance need ‘ and ‘actual taking up of the work’ (it is known that the deterioration rate in respect of infrastructure is ‘exponential’ and not ‘linear’, so arresting it or addressing it the earlier, the better). Adequately and repeatedly train up municipal staff on different aspects of O&M (these can be done through the project’s capacity building umbrella, LGED’s Training division and as well, through the Municipal Support Unit of LGED) Awareness of the PS personnel, including the council members ought to be raised in O&M contexts so that they act positively towards prioritizing the infrastructure-maintenance needs over other issues of lesser importance. An adequate attention to the stated ways, it is believed that the O&M issues may then be better dealt with and in the process, the above-mentioned O&M-relevant ‘vicious cycle’ may well be somewhat better addressed
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Appendix-9 Contractor’s required budget to implement IEE/EMP
EMP in Bidding Document – Solid Waste and Sanitary (Fecal Sludge) Management Subproject
Environmental Management Plan mentioned environmental impacts and their mitigation measures for this sub-project; the following items are included in the BOQ:
Item Description of Item Amount (Tk.) No. 1. Overall environmental management in addition to compliance to the Clauses 27, 28 and 29 of GCC of tender documents and IEE to the entire satisfaction of E-I-C a) Construction of Temporary site office with NCF floor on BFS, wall with brick work, 1,00,000.00 CI sheet on the top on wooden purlins etc. including furniture, waste disposal facility and sanitary latrine with potable water supply facility all complete as per direction of the E-in-C. b) Storage and disposal of all types of used mobile, washing well and greasing 5,000.00 materials in a safe place as per direction of the E-in-C. 2. Providing and maintaining adequate potable water supply and sanitation facilities (Separate for Male and Female) at labour camp site including first aid box with necessary drugs to the entire satisfaction of E-in-C. a) Sanitation: 2 nos. of Toilets (1 no for male and 1 no for female) @ Tk.10000.00 20,000.00 b) Supply of potable water for drinking, sanitation and household purposes for 50,000.00 workers and staffs c) Collection and dumping of waste including kitchen waste from labour shed to 5,000.00 Pourashava waste disposal system. d) Supply of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) helmet, gloves, safety shoes & 15,000.00 glass, safety signs, first aid box with necessary drugs etc. for workers. 3. Proper storage of construction materials in a safe place and covering the sand with 20,000.00 tarpaulins and fencing the site with barbed wire and cement should be stored on a dun age to avoid cake formation to the entire satisfaction of the E-in-C. 4. Proper maintenance of drainage system during rains to drain out the surface water. 5,000.00 5. Installation of 70.00m (50mm ø) observation well, with 65.00m uPVC blind pipe (D 45,000.00 class), 1.50m G.I. pipe,1.50m sand trap, 2.00m PVC strainer (E class), 0.10m3 gravel pack, 300X300X300mm (1:2:4) CC block with stainless steel (SS) cover with locking system. Cleaning the site after completion of work etc. All complete as per the drawing standard specification and the direction of the E-in-C. 6. Environmental monitoring will be done at proposed construction site 1st time at commencement of work, 2nd time after 30% and 3rd time after 80% progress of work: i) Air Quality test (SPM, RPM and CO) Tk. 30,000/- per unit test 90,000.00 ii) Surface and Ground Water Quality Monitoring Tk. 20,000/- per sample 60,000.00 iii) Noise Levels at site Tk. 5000/- per unit per day 15,000.00 iv) Soil Sampling (Organic matter, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Oil & Grease) 60,000.00 Total 4,90,000.00
** Cost of the EMP items should be as fixed budget
IEE – Meherpur (SWM & SN Sub-project) May 2017 105