An introduction to Mәgang, a South

Bauchi language of Central

[DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT -NOT FOR CITATION WITHOUT REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR

Roger Blench Michael Bulkaam McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research TCNN University of Cambridge Department of History, University of Jos Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm

This printout: December 31, 2020 Introduction to Mәgang language Roger Blench & Michael Bulkaam TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Existing literature...... 2 2. MӘGANG PHONOLOGY...... 2 2.1 Consonants ...... 2 Homorganic nasals...... 4 Geminate consonants ...... 4 Palatalisation ...... 5 Labialisation...... 5 2.2 Vowels...... 5 2.3 Tones...... 6 3. GRAMMAR...... 6 3.1 Nominal number marking ...... 6 3.2 Numerals ...... 7 4. THE PLACE OF MӘGANG WITHIN SOUTH BAUCHI...... 7 5. CONCLUSIONS ...... 7 REFERENCES...... 7

MAPS

The South Bauchi languages...... 1

TABLES

Table 1. Mәgang villages ...... 1 Table 2. Mәgang consonant phonemes ...... 2 Table 3. Geminated consonants in Mәgang ...... 4 Table 4. Palatalised consonants in Mәgang ...... 5 Table 5. Labialised consonants in Mәgang ...... 5 Table 6. Mәgang Vowels ...... 5 Table 7. Evidence for vowel-length contrast in Mәgang ...... 6 Table 8. Suppletive plurals of nouns for persons in Megang...... 6 Table 9. Mәgang numerals in comparative perspective...... 7 Table 10. Geji group innovations within South Bauchi ...... 7

ABSTRACT

This paper presents basic data on the Mәgang (=Bolu, Pelu) language spoken northwest of Bauchi town in some eight villages. Previously the language was known only from a short wordlist. Mәgang is closely related to Gyaazi, part of West South Bauchi. It has a reduced consontant inventory compared with some neighbouring South Bauchi languages, the usual six vowels with length contrast, and three tone heights. A brief section compares the lexicon of Mәgang with related languages.

Keywords; Chadic; Mantsi; phonology; South Bauchi; wordlist

i Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

1. Introduction

1.1 Background The Mәgang language is part of the Geji branch of Western South Bauchi, which in turn is a subgroup of West Chadic B. It is also called Bolu or Pelu in the literature, but this is a version of the name of a village, Byeru, where speakers live. Mәgang is spoken in eight villages in , Bauchi LGA, shown in Table 1;

Table 1. Mәgang villages Orthographic IPA Comment Byeru bʲèrúp Haɗobilang háɗòbíla᷄ŋ Baking Kura bàkíŋ kúrá Hausa name Pakimi pákìmī Beddare béddárè Balla bāllā Bәm Mәgang bә̄ m mә̀ga᷄ŋ Makyera màkʲérá Hausa name

It is hard to assess population numbers, but many of these villages are quite small, suggesting that there might 3-4000 speakers.

Map 1 shows the general location of the South Bauchi (SB) languages with Mәgang northwest of Bauchi town on a bush road which leads through Buu from Zaranda.

Map 1. The South Bauchi languages

1 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

Fieldwork on the Mәgang language began on 6th November, 2019, in Byeru village, northwest of Zaranda. Additional work was planned, but this has so far been impeded by covid-19 restrictions. The existing materials were transcribed by Michael Bulkaam and Roger Blench in December 2020. This paper provides a wordlist and an outline phonology of Mәgang, with notes on a possible orthography. It is strongly underlined that this study is preliminary and we hope to return to add to the dataset and check some items that were not clear. 1.2 Existing literature The existence of Mәgang is first recorded in Shimizu (1978) as part of his survey of the whole South Bauchi group. He appends a 100-word Swadesh list of the language as part of a general comparison. Shimizu establishes a Geji group and Mәgang (Booluu, Pelu) is shown as co-ordinate with Gyaazi, which in turn forms a subgroup with Buu. Caron (2008) is a brief study of Buu, with an appended wordlist.

Caron (2009) includes some comparative data on Pelu, which appears to be the same language as Mәgang, with a view to showing that some forms undergo intriguing tonal inversion in relation to the closely related Gyaazi (i.e. Geji). His transcriptions vary slightly from those given here, in particalar he marks nasalisation on vowels where the present document has a final velar nasal /ŋ/. However, this type of free variation is common in this area, also occurring in the neighbouring Zul. Caron (2012) has also published a study of depressor consonants in Geji. Geji is the subject of an orthographic project, and a Reading and Writing book has been produced, but these are not accompanied by a written-out phonology. 2. Mәgang phonology

2.1 Consonants The basic consonant phonemes of Mәgang are shown in Table 2;

Table 2. Mәgang consonant phonemes Bilabial Alve- Post- Palatal Velar Glottal olar Alveolar Plosive p b t d k g [ʔ] Implosive ɓ ɗ Nasal m n ɲ ŋ Tap r Fricative [f] s z ʃ ʒ ʧ ʤ h ɦ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ Lateral l Approximant w y ʔy

/f/ is a marginal phoneme, only appearing in a few words;

fíti᷄ to fly dùfúwā forest ŋ̀gēɸı᷄ rib fʷí to enter tә̄ fí to surpass

[f] is in free variation with [ɸ] in medial position.

Mәgang has a contrastive set of fricatives, including the characteristic lateral fricatives. Compared with z ~ ʒ, /s/ and /ʃ/ are fully contrastive. Thus;

sālsa᷄l chain ʃa᷄ shame 2 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

kʷásètә̄ ka᷄ to scatter ᵐbә́ʃēl flute

ásә̄ ŋ leg kárì gә̀ʃә̄ lә́ŋ proverb

ʃı᷇ l turning stick sí they

sōmāti᷄ to begin ʃōŋ name

sùùlí broom ʃu᷄ ŋ cave

/z/ and /ʒ/ are in complementary distribution, with /z/ before high vowels, and /ʒ/ before low and central vowels. Thus;

zīī water zūl hyena zāːŋ rope and [ʒ] before mid-vowels.

ʒēŋ farm ʒēpki vulture

There is no example of /z/ + mid-back vowel.

Preglottalised palatal approximants occur in two words;

Mәgang Gloss ʔʲécә᷄ ŋ tree ʔʲākwàlí nightjar

It is possible this is a loan phoneme from Fulfulde /ƴ/, which is commonly spoken in this area, though these words themselves are not loans.

There is a single example of preglottalised vowel;

ʔèɓʲèsí sand

The voiced glottal fricative /ɦ/ only occurs preceding back vowels, as in the examples;

ɦōːli᷄ white ɦótgә̄ ɗúŋ dawn ɦu᷄ ŋ baboon ɦúnı᷄ corpse ɦúː granary

It is, however, contrastive with /h/. Thus;

3 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft Mәgang Gloss Mәgang Gloss hōtti᷄ to blow ɦōːli᷄ white húlí hyena ɦúnı᷄ corpse

Homorganic nasals Mәgang has homorganic nasal prefixes, which can bear independent tones. The following examples show the three realisations of the nasal prefix, /n/, /m/ and /ŋ/. Where these precede stops, they occur only before voiced consonants. Only /ŋ/ appears to be tone-bearing in some contexts.

/nd/

ndōklámi᷄ short ndrá to fall; to drop ndrál axe

/nʒ/

nʒíīn locust bean seed nʒʷétı᷄ sweet

/nn/

nnáɗe᷄ to set trap nnáŋ antelope sp.

Where the nasal /ŋ/ is homorganic with the following velar, it can either be tone-bearing or not. Examples;

ŋ̀gēɸi rib ŋ̀gēki᷄ chest ŋ̀gә́ɓә́ŋ tortoise ŋgíɓı᷄ to catch ŋgōti᷄ to search for

/mb/

mbáɬi heart mbә́ʃēl flute mbīki᷄n gumof mouth mbīti᷄ to get; to find mból lion

Geminate consonants Mәgang allows occasional geminate consonants, also reported in Buu (Caron 2008). Examples are given in Table 3;

Table 3. Geminated consonants in Mәgang C Mәgang Gloss d Béddárè village name k yèkkéy what? l yílli᷄ to swim íllētí to whistle t sʷātti᷄ to wipe 4 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

Palatalisation Contrastive palatalisation and labialisation is common in Mәgang. Palatalised consonants in Mәgang are shown in Table 4;

Table 4. Palatalised consonants in Mәgang Cʲ Mәgang Gloss bʲ bʲèrúp village name ɓʲ ʔèɓʲèsí sand ʧʲ ʧʲẽŋ crocodile gʲ gʲèlú pearl ɗʲ zùɗjéŋ to give birth mʲ ɬùː gә̀ kә́mʲēŋ wild animal pʲ pʲēlti᷄ to sharpen kʲ kʲàːɬә́l star

Labialisation Labialised consonants are very common in Mәgang. Examples are shown in Table 5;

Table 5. Labialised consonants in Mәgang Cʷ Mәgang Gloss bʷ mbʷāki᷄ custard apple pʷ tә̄ mpʷá weeding hoe tʷ īltʷéj to come out dʷ dwāá leaf ʧʷ ʧʷātә́l navel ʤʷ nʤʷa᷄ sesame kʷ kʷèːsí fish gʷ gʷīl eye fʷ tēfʷí to enter nʷ kṍȭnwí dry lʷ lʷàːní sweat sʷ sʷātti to wipe zʷ zʷēli᷄ fruit bat ʃʷ ʃʷēnti᷄ to send ɬʷ ɬʷé to drink ɮʷ ɮwèli to buy

2.2 Vowels Mәgang has a fairly standard six-vowel system (Table 6);

Table 6. Mәgang Vowels Front Central Back High i ɨ u Mid e o Low a

Vowel length is contrastive, but no examples of /әә/ have been recorded.

bàːtín folktale dwāá leaf 5 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

kʷèːsí fish mʲēé bush

níː breast zīː water

kōːlē bark of tree mōō bow nōó horn

gūː king kúːl skin lúː teardrop

Contrastive length can be demonstrated for all vowels except /ә/ (Table 7);

Table 7. Evidence for vowel-length contrast in Mәgang Mәgang Gloss Mәgang Gloss ɓàːʃí gourd rattle ɓásı᷄ urine kéʃì to tear; to rip kʷèːsí fish mī we míːsi᷄ buttocks ɓótı᷄ intestine ɓōːti᷄ to beat; to strike; to hit lu᷄ place lúː teardrop

Apart from /a/ and /u/, words do not begin with vowels.

Phonetic nasalisation is marked in some IPA transcriptions in the database. However, this is likely to be an allophone of syllable codas with a nasal and thus not contrastive. 2.3 Tones Mәgang has three level tones as well as rising (Low-High and Mid-High) and Falling (High-Low). There are no clear minimal triplets, but the following indicates the contrast of heights on the initial syllable.

ɮǐ body ɮìɮíku᷄ r butterfly ɮīti᷄ laughter ɮítí ocarina

3. Grammar

3.1 Nominal number marking Broadly speaking, Mәgang does not mark number morphologically. Exceptions are in respect of nouns referring to persons (Table 8);

Table 8. Suppletive plurals of nouns for persons in Megang Mәgang Gloss Mәgang Gloss mә́lmáni᷄ man mánìwúnti᷄ men kә́lībála᷄ŋ woman móótlìwànti᷄ women yésàmàrí young man mílmáni᷄ youths yéŋkә́lı᷄ young woman mi᷇lmótlı᷄ young women

6 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft 3.2 Numerals Table 9 shows the basic Mәgang numerals and compares them to other South Bauchi languages. Megang is evidently similar to Guaazi and Bu, but has a ɗV- prefix not found in the other languages.

Table 9. Mәgang numerals in comparative perspective Gloss Mәgang Comment one ɗéɗә᷄ m This root, usually with initial n- is distinctive for WSB two ɗélóp Common root in WSB languages three ɗèmèkáŋ Common root in SB languages four ɗu᷄ psí Common root in WSB languages five ɗènàntә́ŋ Common root in WSB languages six ɗә́màkā Common root in SB languages seven ɗèníŋgī Common root in E and some WSB languages eight ɗíwsә́psı᷄ Scattered across WSB languages nine nētʷópsī Distinctive to the Geji subgroup ten ɗēkúɬ Near innovation in the Geji subgroup but shred with Zul

4. The place of Mәgang within South Bauchi Shimizu (1978) places Mәgang within the Geji subgroup of South Bauchi, as confirmed in Caron (2009). Innovations supporting this, derived from the comparative list in Shimizu (1978) are given in Table 10.

Table 10. Geji group innovations within South Bauchi Language ashes blood cloud eye fat knee leaf mountain path rain Mәgang ᵐbә̄ ɬe᷄ l hùláŋ yáː zīː gʷīl ɓúkı᷄ gàhùláŋ dwāá ɬēndēl bìtāntu᷄ zìː yáŋ

5. Conclusions Mәgang is a lively language of the South Bauchi group of Chadic. Work is continuing in the language and a more in-depth study of the grammar should be possible in the coming years. References Caron, Bernard 2008. Bu: aka Zaranda (Chadic, South-Bauchi West): Wordlist and Grammatical Notes. In: Semito-Hamitic Festschrift for A.B. Dolgopolsky and H. Jungraithmayr. Gábor Takács (ed.), 93-119. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika 24) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. Caron, Bernard 2009. Depressor consonants in Geji. In: Proceedings of the special worldcongress of African linguistics (São Paulo, 2008: exploring the African language connection in the Americas. Margarida Petter & Ronald Beline Mendes (eds.) 129-138. São Paolo: Humanitas. Caron, Bernard 2013. Tonal inversion in Geji and Pelu. In: Henry Tourneux (ed.), Topics in Chadic Linguistics VII: Papers from the 6th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, Villejuif in September 22-23, 2011 (Chadic linguistics, Linguistique chadique, Tschadistik 8), 77-86. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. Caron, Bernard 2014. Number in south ‐ Bauchi west languages (Chadic, Nigeria). In: Number Constructions and Semantics: Case studies from Africa, Amazonia, India and Oceania. Anne Storch & G.J. Dimmendaal (eds.) 283-308. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Kraft, Charles H. 1981. Chadic Wordlists: Volume I (Plateau-Sahel). Marburger Studien zur Afrika- und Asienkunde: Serie A: Afrika, 23. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. Shimizu, Kiyoshi 1978. The Southern Bauchi Group of Chadic Languages. A survey report. Coll. Africana Marburgensia ; n° 2 (Special Issue).

7 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft Megang-English dictionary

A a aceɗa n. pot; jar; vessel ang n. arm acigu adv. day after tomorrow; next tomorrow ani pron. I; me acigungu adv. two days after tomorrow ankiyi v. to refuse; to reject adai s.v. to be on apti 1) n. running 2) v. to run agwagwa n. duck (< H.) asәng n. leg ahuli adv. yesterday asi adv. today akayau n. ankle rattle made of palm leaves (< H.) atli1 n. ground; earth; soil; land akewu adv. tomorrow atli2 v. to divide; to share out syn. wuuli alade n. pig (< H.) aunikũ int. where? albasa n. onion (< H.) ayokoncina adv. day before yesterday anciti v. to bite anemi int. when?

B b baati n. folktale; story; fable syn. baltagaɓa belbela n. cattle egret Bubulcus ibis (< H.) baba n. father; dad bәlәnni v. to beg; to plead babu palang v. to beat; to hit; to strike syn. ɓooti bәli n. monkey (person) bәlti v. to give Badiko pers. n. personal name Bәm Mәgang p.n. village name baɗebәl n. sleep bәrma gada n. aerial yam Dioscorea bulbifera bagalla n. ram bәtllaɗenәm n. fence Baking Kura p.n. village name bәzi v. to spit bakung n. 1) wing 2) shoulder 3) elbow bi n. mouth bal gaali n. calabash; gourd (big) bi dembi n. ant hill; termite mound bal tlaa n. bull bi dung n. beehive balbundi n. internal stomach bi Mәgang n. Megang language balbung n. grave; tomb bicepɗi n. bank of river balcikәng n. thigh bileɓi n. village bali a. big; large; huge; vast biribiri n. bush pigeon Balla p.n. village name bitang n. mud balmunci p.n. masquerade bitantu n. path; track; trail baltagaɓa n. story; narrative; fable syn. baati biyatli n. nest of bird balwuci n. python Python sebae bobalzul n. agama lizard Agama agama bamalang n. thumb Bolu p.n. town name bamalasәng n. body part bondelang n. black monkey Cercopithecus tantalus barkunu n. chili pepper Capsicum annuum (< H.) boola n. quiver baru n. pigeon, domesticated buki v. to roast; to grill batakwoci n. sorrel; roselle Hibiscus esculentus bushaa n. hedgehog Atelerix albiventris (< H.) batli n. liver bushil Bululu n. flute made of a corn stalk baye bәl v.p. to sleep butәrbu n. wasp Beddare p.n. village name Byeru p.n. village name

Ɓ ɓ

8 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft ɓaashi n. gourd rattle (drum) ɓakәng n. saliva; spittle ɓoti n. intestine ɓakti v. to ɓuɓul n. snake sp. ɓalkәng n. lizard ɓuki n. fat ɓanti n. fear; terror; anguish ɓuli1 n. bedbug Cicimidae ɓasi n. urine; piss ɓuli2 v. to open ɓawuli v. to boil ɓurzi v. to twist; to plait; to twine ɓooti v. to beat; to strike; to hit syn. babu palang

C c ceɗa n. pot; vessel; jar cәng n. day; sun celi v. to break; to smash; to shatter cәtlgali n. disease; sickness; malady; ailment; illness ci v. to eat cil n. tail cingcing n. house bat Scotophilus spp. cona n. face cungagiɓi v. to choke; to strangle cwatәl n. navel cweti v. to chew cwәtgatli a. hot daaholi cyẽng n. crocodile Crocodylus suchus

D d daaholi n. baobab tree Adansonia digitata dangulung n. millipede dansi ang n. forearm daaki v. to remember; to recall deeɓol n. fish sp. daba n. domestic animal delkang n. fireplace; hearth delkawutu n. potsherd; broken pot for keeping fire dembi n. termite demi v. to sit denjaal n. locust bean pod denzi n. bush pig Potamochaoerus porcus desti v. to pound dәkәl n. monitor lizard dәli v. to draw daaholi dәm n. silk cotton tree?? dәntәng n. acha; exilis dabara n. wisdom; understanding diɓolti a. heavy daɓara n. clay dicona n. forehead dakashi n. ground squirrel Xerus erythropus diikiyi a. wet dake n. castrated goat dila n. jackal Canis adustus dakәl n. leper dimbәsh n. firefly Luciolae dala n. calf of leg dimbu n. compound dalәng v. to dance disdigang diyazi n. thunder dalәnti n. dance dizumɗi n. rubbish dump; trash heap; garbage dump dandukung n. locust bean cake dlakti v. to broadcast seed dangkada moolasi n. praying mantis dlanti v. to make war; to fight; to combat; to

9 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft struggle dorina n. hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius dleki v. to uproot; to dig up doya n. yam (< H.) dlemi v. to tell; to recount dufuwa n. forest dlemti v. to count duki n. housefly dli n. body dumbatli n. anger; rage; fury dlidlikur n. butterfly dung n. bee dlil n. dry season dung kweesi n. fish sp. dliti n. laughter duniya n. world; earth (< H.) dlítí n. ocarina, made from a dried fruit shell duu njwa n. black sesame; black beniseed Sesamum dlitlu n. flying ant alatum dlweli v. to buy duuni a. black doɓol n. giant rat Cricetomys gambianus duuzi n. tigernut Cyperus esculentus duwala n. cocoyam; taro Colocasia esculenta (< H.) dwaá n. leaf

doɓol

Ɗ ɗ

ɗakcelu v. to jump; to leap ɗeshelti v. to hatch ɗeɗәm num. one ɗәmaka num. six ɗekutl num. ten ɗiiki n. red-flowered silk cotton tree Bombax ɗelop num. two buonoponenze ɗemekang num. three ɗiusәpsi num. eight ɗenantәng num. five ɗupsi num. four ɗeningi num. seven

’E ’e

’eɓyesi n. sand

F f fiti v. to fly

G g gaadal n. handle of s.t. gagang n. drum, two-headed barrel-drum gaadәlti a. round gahulang n. knee syn. isgahulang gaali n. calabash gang n. head gaɓa ang n. upper arm gashi n. spear gada n. bridge gatәmbukәl n. toad gaɗiyatli p.n. masquerade gәɗa n. basket 10 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft gәlla n. iron gusiyi a. old (inanimate) gәsgәɓa1 n. chin gusmi n. porcupine Hystrix cristata gәsgәɓa2 n. beard?? gәshkai n. gruel; sloppy porridge (kunu) gәtli n. ladder gәzәng n. charcoal; coal gәzhi n. local beer syn. pito giginya n. fan palm Borassus aethiopum (< H.) giili n. hoe (big) gitli n. laughter gusmi gitlini v. to laugh gudelti v. to go down; to descend guu n. king; chief; ruler guja n. groundnut; peanut Arachis hypogaea guu dembi n. queen ant gúli n. widow guu yang n. God gulki n. cassava; yam gùlí n. pegged drum gumbatu n. transverse clarinet; musical instrument gwil n. eye gunda n. cock gwongki n. animal sp. gushka huli n. tumuku, an edible tuber gyelu n. pearl millet Pennisetum americanum Solenostemon rotundifolius

H h

Haɗobilang p.n. village name hulang n. blood ham n. yawning hulendii n. mosquito hamti v. to yawn huli n. rizga Plectranthus esculentus hangkaka n. pied crow Corvus albus húlí n. hyena hwooli a. white hwotgәɗung adv. daybreak; dawn hwung n. baboon Papio anubis hwuni n. corpse; cadaver; carcass hwuu n. granary; silo; barn

hangkaka holdwa n. tree sp. hotti v. 1) to blow 2) to stir huhukәng n. lungs huhukti n. coucal Centropus senegalensis

giginya

huhukti

11 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

I i icong n. nose igung n. thing ili n. thorn illeti v. to whistle iltoka v. to go out; to exit iltwei v. to come out? imukәl v. to steal; to rob; to burgle; to pilfer isgahulang n. knee syn. gahulang ishi n. bone or faeces?? isti v. to know itla itla n. Bambara nut Vigna subterranea itltika v. to close; to shut

J j jaki n. donkey (< H.) jәkәnti v. to fill jeka buhung n. sack (< H. bufu) jiji n. owl jeki v. to push jijiji n. weevil jemiti v. to say; to speak jika n. grandchild jera n. weaver bird Ploceus cucullatus jirji kazee n. canoe; boat jong n. -fowl Numida meleagris juyi n. barren woman

jera

K k kaalang n. hand kami v. to carry kaali n. back kanggung v. to choose; to select kaaya n. load; burden (< H.) kantara n. trap kacumbula n. ant sp. kapsi n. horse kaɗi n. dog kaptәlang n. shoe kagu n. wall kari gәshәlәng n. proverb; saying kaka n. grandparent kashishiyã n. ant kaka malmani n. grandfather katabing n. roof kaka modli n. grandmother katәnguli n. tick kakol n. bush fowl; francolin katkәng v. to listen kalangu n. hourglass drum (< H.) kawo n. guinea-corn Sorghum bicolor kalasәng n. foot keshi v. to tear; to rip kali n. calabash type keteyenti n. foretune-teller; soothsayer kalkәng n. cheek kәÞɓã n. grasshopper kalmili n. eczema; dermatitis kәgasi adv. night 12 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft kәkyәu adv. morning kutl cen nantәng num. fifteen kәlibalang n. woman kutl cen wupsi num. fourteen kәmani n. word kutl cenlop num. twelve kәsukti n. evening; dusk; twilight kutl cenmekang num. thirteen ki pron. you (m); you (pl) kutl kutl ɗekutl num. one hundred kini v. to tie kutl kutl ɗelop num. twenty kinti1 v. to build; to construct kutl kutl ɗemekang num. thirty kinti2 v. to marry; to wed syn. pәlkәli kutl kutl ɗemәkә num. sixty kola n. peelings kutl kutl ɗenamtang num. fifty koloɓi n. newt kutl kutl ɗenetwopsi num. ninety kong n. ear kutl kutl ɗeningi num. seventy koocila n. cockroach kutl kutl ɗewupsi num. forty kool n. chicken; hen; fowl kutlni v. to learn koole n. bark of tree kuul n. skin; hide koonwi a. dry; arid kuzәng n. hunger kooso n. drum, small hourglass drum (< H.) kwada n. kidney koyesi n. teaching kwaɗi n. snail kpali n. beans; cowpeas Vigna unguiculata kwaki n. leopard Panthera pardus kpalwuci n. spiral beans Vigna unguiculata kwalbalang a. old; aged (animate) kujang p.n. masquerade kwaltalu n. work; labour; occupation syn. kyautәng kuktiteka v. to bury; to inter kwara n. raphia palm Raphia sudanica kuku int. which kwari n. insect kuli n. cry kwarkwata n. louse (< H.) kúli n. cat kwasetәka v.p. to scatter kulu n. rag kweesi n. fish kulung n. bag kweeti n. garden egg Solanum incanum kum a. all kum ɓanti v.p. to fear kumi v. to hear kumshi n. bundle kunga n. yam heaps kunu n. smoke kurnu n. royal python Python regius laaki kwekәnwi v. to burn kwesәli n. shell kwәltәng n. sickle kwimalami n. salt kwoɓi v. to follow; to pursue kwoltelu v. to hoe; to farm; to till; to cultivate kwolti v. to weed

kurnu kwomiti n. adze kwosi v. to vomit; to puke kurungu n. catfish sp. (< H.) kwoskәng n. vomit kusәng n. rat kyaatlәl n. star kusәng mәng zani n. rat sp. kyatlәl mәmil n. constellation kusәng padama n. rat sp. kyautәng n. work syn. kwaltalu kusha n. spoon kyelkyel n. tree squirrel kushka n. dust kyengkyeng n. iron gong kut cenam num. eleven

L l

13 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft laaki n. pumpkin Cucurbita pepo lәtiyi v. to come laalo n. Jew's mallow Corchorus olitorius (< H.) liil n. moon; month laki v. to throw liishi n. head-pad lakti v. to put on lu n. place lamdәr p.n. masquerade lu bying n. house; home lami v. to want; to like; to desire ludenti n. chair; seat; stool lanti n. fight; battle; combat ludenti kaguu n. throne latetlәl n. cough ludyee n. calabash spoon (< H.) laye tlәl v.p. to cough lumalti n. mat lekla n. tree sp. lumot gang n. market (< F.) leƙun n. fish trap luu1 n. teardrop leli n. bush cow; buffalo luu2 v. to cry; to weep lenti n. jaw luusi n. pestle lәɗa n. dish lwang n. soldier ant lәka1 n. tongue lwani n. sweat; perspiration lәka2 n. lie; untruth; falsehood lwәntәng s.v. to be bent; to be curved lәkti v. to suck lәl n. penis; prick lәlәpsәng n. swift (bird) lәmbәl n. viper lәngka n. mahogany tree Khaya senegalensis

ləngka

M m maakoko n. goitre mbәshtәka v. to quench; to extinguish maal n. goat mbәtlel n. ashes; cinders maal gamani n. he-goat mbiki n. gum of mouth maɗiyo v. to walk; to go mbiti v. to get; to find makәmbu n. new cocoyam; taro Xanthosoma mbol n. lion Leo africanus mafaffa mboli dai v. to add Makyera p.n. village name mboshti v. to slaughter mama n. armpit mboti v. to shoot mandәl n. stick mbuki n. egg mandyes tagәlla n. blacksmith mbul n. elephant Elephas maximus maniwunti n. men sg.. mәlmani mbula1 n. sheep masi v. to lick mbula2 n. cotton matangkaɗe n. winnowing tray (< H.) mbúlá n. silk-cotton tree; kapok tree Ceiba matlәng n. feather pentandra mbalәng n. person pl.. mbalәwunti mbunti a. good; fine mbalәwunti n. people pl.. mbalәng mbushti v. to cut; to cut off mbatli n. heart mbwaki n. custard apple Annona senegalensis mbәshel n. flute

14 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft mili n. oil; fat; grease milmani n. young men; lads; youths pl.. yesamari milmotli n. young women pl.. yengkәli mitlgulu n. okra Abelmoschus esculentus moɗiyo v. to come out; to exit mojida n. ancestor mokti s.v. to be rotten; to decay; to decompose molti n. hunting monci p.n. masquerade mbwaki mongkwoli n. elder brother Mәgang p.n. Megang people moo n. bow for hunting mәlgaɓi n. 1) younger sister 2) younger brother mu waali n. traditional worshipper mәli v. to go mucinbalang n. witch mәlmani n. man sg.. maniwunti mukәl n. thief; robber; burglar mәshkәng 1) n. death 2) v. to die muki n. bamboo mәtlkәng n. locust bean tree Parkia biglobosa mulatli v. to lie down mi pron. we mulmani n. bravery; courage miila cokәng n. branch of tree mulmulti n. hunter miilang n. finger murshi bunti a. bad; evil miisi n. buttocks musni v. to forget mil gali n. shea-butter oil muwi1 v. to fold mil kaɗi n. puppy muwi2 v. to collect mil kusәng n. rat tiny sp. muwi3 v. to mix; to combine milasәng n. toe muyenti n. traditional doctor milbalang n. boys pl.. yembalang myee n. 1) bush 2) grass

N n na'ani a. small; little; tiny nemkwi n. potash nakti n. suffering; anguish netwopsi num. nine nali v. to grow; to increase nәktәhung v. to grind; to crush; to pulverise nana n. mother ngakool n. crab nangdukshi a. few ngali n. shea-butter tree Vitellaria paradoxa nazhel n. large antelope sp. ndelzang p.n. masquerade ndetti a. cold; chilly ndәkti v. to answer; to reply ndoklami a. short ndra v. to fall; to drop ndral n. axe; hatchet ndrang n. black plum Vitex doniana ngali ngefi n. rib ngeki n. chest ngәɓәng n. tortoise ngәdesi n. castrated sheep ngiɓi v. to catch ngoti v. to search for; to seek; look for ndrang ngusi v. to kneel ngyemti v. to ask; to request ndukciyi a. half niɗa v. to have; to own

15 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft nii n. breast; tit; boob; bosom noó n. horn njwa n. sesame; beniseed Sesamum indicum nyandi n. cricket nnaɗe v. to set trap nyandi moonci n. cricket sp. nnang n. antelope sp. nzhii n. locust bean seed nokti a. bitter nzhweti a. sweet; tasty noo n. transverse horn for music

O o okudu n. maize; corn Zea mays

P p paasa n. arrow type pәlkәli v. to marry; to wed syn. kinti2 paatlәng n. tamarind Tamarindus indica pәltәka v. to lose s.t. padama n. wetland; swamp; marsh; bog; fadama (< pәlti v. to work; to labour H. fadama) pәlwalati v. to play pagyazi n. snake sp. pәtti v. to walk Pakimi p.n. village name pito n. beer syn. gәzhi (< H.) pakiwi v. to finish; to end; to complete poison a. none [?] pangka n. room pokama v. to resemble passa kashi n. arrow type pokәntәl a. light passi n. arrow powi v. to arrive; to come pelti v. to dry out; to evaporate pushi n. locust bean flour pәɗi v. to do s.t. pyaali a. new pәka n. knife pyelti v. to sharpen

R r rama n. kenaf fibre plant used for rope Hibiscus rijiya n. well (< H.) cannabinus

S s salsal n. chain shong1 n. name sando n. flea shong2 n. porridge; pap; gruel sәmbәl n. visitor; guest; stranger shóng n. tooth sәnggati v. to swallow shoti v. to pour sәsәl n. dew shukti n. breath sha n. shame; embarassment shung n. cave; hole; cavity shaho n. hawk (< H.) shushula n. anus; arsehole shaka n. water-yam Dioscorea alata (< H.) shwenti v. to send shati1 v. to dry si pron. they shati2 v. to drink; to ingest syn. tlwe siiku n. arrow type shil n. turning stick siriya n. parrot shil bәli n. millet sp. somati v. to begin; to start; to commence shingkapa n. rice (< H.) suuli n. broom; brush shishi n. shadow; shade suulu n. ankle rattle made of iron shishokti n. whistling swangi n. millet sp. 16 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft swatti v. to wipe swee n. vagina

T t takal matlang v.p. to plait; to braid; to twine in the ground or trees takәlti v. to weave tlalpәka n. cutlass; machete; matchet taktobi v. to call tlati n. height; tallness takwobi n. sword (< H.) tlelkaa n. river; stream; brook talti v. to smash; to break tlelki1 n. vein; artery tampәlang n. s.t. used for sharing food tlelki2 n. root tantayatli n. earthworm; worm tlemti v. to sew tantu n. road; path; track; trail tlendel n. mountain tapga n. lake; pond; pool; dam tli v. to stand up tasi v. to sweep; to brush tlokti v. to rub; to smear; to wipe tatli v. to split tlukәnti n. dream tefwi v. to enter; to go in tluti v. to kill; to slay; to murder; to assassinate temti a. nice tluu n. meat tendati v. to rain tluu gә kәmyeng n. wild animal teng gudelti v.p. to flow tlwamdәr n. fish sp. teni v. to touch tlwe v. to drink syn. shati2 tәfi v. to surpass; to exceed tlwelkәng n. tree sp. tәkiɗi v. to swell; to inflate to v. to climb; to ascend; to go up tәmpwa n. weeding hoe tuki n. stomach; belly tәtelәtei v. to continue tukutuku n. mist; fog; haze tәtәkti v. to shake; to quake; to vibrate tungtung n. locust bean flower ti pron. you (f) tuuli n. mortar tlaa n. cow; cattle (general) twassi n. pot; vessel large tlaa gә Bululung n. cow Fulani type twili n. civet cat Civettictis civetta tlaa gә lubi n. taurine; muturu; native cow tlaali a. tall; high tlaɓong n. bee sp. black and they make their house

twili

U u ucidwaa n. Angolan green snake Philothamnus ultukung n. song angolensis usung n. wound ulcedalti n. beer filter; strainer usunti n. smell; odour; aroma; fragrance ulcetәga n. comb utәzi v. to wash uldyes tәgәla n. hammer utli v. to fry ulgwop ta kweesi n. fishing net utti v. to bathe ultlaa n. door utung n. fire W w

17 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft waali n. traditional worship wokәlәl n. chameleon waani n. year wolo n. soup; stew walati v. to play wontoti a. many; plenteous; numerous; abundant watlang n. rainy season wotlti v. to carve welkiya n. lightening (< H.) wuci n. snake (generic) wiilu n. whirlwind; dust-devil wuku int. who? wokanzi n. spitting cobra Naja nigricollis wulpi n. money; cash wultega v. to sell wulti1 v. to bark wulti2 v. to sing wundel n. seed wusni v. to smell wuuli v. to share; to divide out syn. atli2

wokanzi

Y y yaa zii n. cloud yendәl n. scorpion yaaɗi n. poison; toxin; venom yengkәli n. young woman; girl; maiden pl.. milmotli yaatli n. bird yeni v. to see; to look yal n. neck yesamari n. young man; lad pl.. milmani yalang n. not known yetәl n. wind; breeze yang n. sky yikәng n. medicine yekke int. what yilli v. to swim yelәng n. friend; mate; companion yoti v. to walk yembalang n. boy; lad pl.. milbalang

’Y ’y

’yakwali n. nightjar Caprimulgidae ’yecәÞng n. tree

Z z zaang n. rope; cord; twine zheng n. farm zaki v. to drop zhepgi n. vulture Neophron monachus zariyang n. spider zheta n. frog zendel n. hill zii n. water zәnga n. stone; rock zii dung n. honeybee Apis mellifera zәnga nete hwung n. grinding stone zii yang n. rain zәtti v. to cook ziili a. red zhaal n. slave ziishi n. dysentery; diarrhoea zheeli p.n. masquerade zuɗyeng v. to give birth; to deliver zhembul n. locust

18 Megang-English Dictionary Circulation draft

zul zul n. hyena Crocuta crocuta zuni n. dassie; rock rabbit; rock hyrax Procavia capensis zuriya n. relation zweli n. fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus zweli gә kәdәm n. bat sp. zwomong n. hare Lepus capensis

19 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft

A a

abundant a. wontoti anguish n. nakti; n. ɓanti arrive, to v. powi acha n. dәntәng animal sp. n. gwongki arrow n. passi add, to v. mboli dai ankle rattle n. suulu; n. akayau arrow type n. siiku; n. passa adze n. kwomiti answer, to v. ndәkti kashi; n. paasa aerial yam n. bәrma gada ant n. kashishiyã arsehole n. shushula agama lizard n. bobalzul ant hill n. bi dembi artery n. tlelki1 aged a. kwalbalang ant sp. n. kacumbula ascend, to v. to ailment n. cәtlgali antelope sp. n. nnang ashes n. mbәtlel all a. kum anus n. shushula ask, to v. ngyemti ancestor n. mojida arid a. koonwi assassinate, to v. tluti anger n. dumbatli arm n. ang axe n. ndral Angolan green snake n. armpit n. mama ucidwaa aroma n. usunti

B b baboon n. hwung beniseed n. njwa bravery n. mulmani back n. kaali big a. bali break, to v. celi; v. talti bad a. murshi bunti bird n. yaatli breast n. nii bag n. kulung bird sp. n. kakol; n. biribiri; n. breath n. shukti Bambara nut n. itla belbela; n. agwagwa; n. jong; breeze n. yetәl bamboo n. muki n. shaho; n. ’yakwali; n. jiji; bridge n. gada bank of river n. bicepɗi n. siriya; n. baru; n. huhukti; broadcast seed, to v. dlakti baobab tree n. daaholi n. hangkaka broken pot n. delkawutu bark of tree n. koole bite, to v. anciti brook n. tlelkaa bark, to v. wulti1 bitter a. nokti broom n. suuli barn n. hwuu black a. duuni brush n. suuli barren woman n. juyi black beniseed n. duu njwa brush, to v. tasi basket n. gәɗa black monkey n. bondelang buffalo n. leli bat sp. n. zweli gә kәdәm black plum n. ndrang build, to v. kinti1 bathe, to v. utti black sesame n. duu njwa bull n. bal tlaa battle n. lanti blacksmith n. mandyes tagәlla bundle n. kumshi be bent, to s.v. lwәntәng blood n. hulang burden n. kaaya be curved, to s.v. lwәntәng blow, to v. hotti 1 burglar n. mukәl be on, to s.v. adai boat n. jirji kazee burgle, to v. imukәl beans n. kpali body n. dli burn, to v. kwekәnwi beard?? n. gәsgәɓa2 body part n. bamalasәng bury, to v. kuktiteka beat, to v. babu palang; v. ɓooti bog n. padama bush n. myee 1 bedbug n. ɓuli1 boil, to v. ɓawuli bush cow n. leli bee n. dung bone or faeces?? n. ishi bush fowl n. kakol bee sp. n. tlaɓong boob n. nii bush pig n. denzi beehive n. bi dung bosom n. nii bush pigeon n. biribiri beer n. pito bow n. moo butterfly n. dlidlikur beer filter n. ulcedalti boy n. yembalang buttocks n. miisi beg, to v. bәlәnni boys n. milbalang buy, to v. dlweli begin, to v. somati braid, to v.p. takal matlang belly n. tuki branch of tree n. miila cokәng

20 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft

C c cadaver n. hwuni chicken n. kool complete, to v. pakiwi calabash n. gaali; n. bal gaali chief n. guu compound n. dimbu calabash spoon n. ludyee chili pepper n. barkunu constellation n. kyatlәl mәmil calabash type n. kali chilly a. ndetti construct, to v. kinti1 calf of leg n. dala chin n. gәsgәɓa1 continue, to v. tәtelәtei call, to v. taktobi choke, to v. cungagiɓi cook, to v. zәtti canoe n. jirji kazee choose, to v. kanggung cord n. zaang carcass n. hwuni cinders n. mbәtlel corn n. okudu carry, to v. kami civet cat n. twili corpse n. hwuni carve, to v. wotlti clay n. daɓara cotton n. mbula2 cash n. wulpi climb, to v. to cough n. latetlәl cassava n. gulki close, to v. itltika cough, to v.p. laye tlәl castrated goat n. dake cloud n. yaa zii count, to v. dlemti castrated sheep n. ngәdesi coal n. gәzәng courage n. mulmani cat n. kúli cock n. gunda cow n. tlaa; n. tlaa gә Bululung catch, to v. ngiɓi cockroach n. koocila cowpeas n. kpali catfish sp. n. kurungu cocoyam n. duwala crab n. ngakool cattle n. tlaa cold a. ndetti cricket n. nyandi cattle egret n. belbela collect, to v. muwi2 cricket sp. n. nyandi moonci cave n. shung comb n. ulcetәga crocodile n. cyẽng cavity n. shung combat n. lanti crush, to v. nәktәhung chain n. salsal combat, to v. dlanti cry n. kuli chair n. ludenti combine, to v. muwi3 cry, to v. luu2 chameleon n. wokәlәl come out, to v. moɗiyo cultivate, to v. kwoltelu charcoal n. gәzәng come out?, to v. iltwei custard apple n. mbwaki cheek n. kalkәng come, to v. lәtiyi; v. powi cut off, to v. mbushti chest n. ngeki commence, to v. somati cut, to v. mbushti chew, to v. cweti companion n. yelәng cutlass n. tlalpәka

D d dad n. baba descend, to v. gudelti dream n. tlukәnti dam n. tapga desire, to v. lami drink, to v. tlwe; v. shati2 dance n. dalәnti dew n. sәsәl drop, to v. zaki; v. ndra dance, to v. dalәng diarrhoea n. ziishi drum n. gagang; n. kalangu; n. dassie n. zuni die, to v. mәshkәng 2 kooso; n. gùlí dawn adv. hwotgәɗung dig up, to v. dleki dry a. koonwi day n. cәng disease n. cәtlgali dry out, to v. pelti day after tomorrow adv. acigu dish n. lәɗa dry season n. dlil day before yesterday adv. divide out, to v. wuuli dry, to v. shati1 ayokoncina divide, to v. atli2 duck n. agwagwa daybreak adv. hwotgәɗung do s.t., to v. pәɗi dusk n. kәsukti death n. mәshkәng 1 dog n. kaɗi dust n. kushka decay, to s.v. mokti domestic animal n. daba dust-devil n. wiilu decompose s.v. mokti donkey n. jaki dysentery n. ziishi deliver, to v. zuɗyeng door n. ultlaa dermatitis n. kalmili draw, to v. dәli

21 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft

E e ear n. kong elbow n. bakung 3 evaporate, to v. pelti earth n. duniya; n. atli1 elder brother n. mongkwoli evening n. kәsukti earthworm n. tantayatli elephant n. mbul evil a. murshi bunti eat, to v. ci eleven num. kut cenam exceed, to v. tәfi eczema n. kalmili embarassment n. sha exit, to v. moɗiyo; v. iltoka egg n. mbuki end, to v. pakiwi extinguish, to v. mbәshtәka eight num. ɗiusәpsi enter, to v. tefwi eye n. gwil

F f fable n. baltagaɓa; n. baati fine a. mbunti follow, to v. kwoɓi face n. cona finger n. miilang fonio n. dәntәng fadama n. padama finish, to v. pakiwi foot n. kalasәng fall, to v. ndra fire n. utung forearm n. dansi ang falsehood n. lәka2 firefly n. dimbәsh forehead n. dicona fan palm n. giginya fireplace n. delkang forest n. dufuwa farm n. zheng fish n. kweesi foretune-teller n. keteyenti farm, to v. kwoltelu fish sp. n. deeɓol; n. dung forget, to v. musni fat n. ɓuki; n. mili kweesi; n. tlwamdәr forty num. kutl kutl ɗewupsi father n. baba fish trap n. leƙun four num. ɗupsi fear n. ɓanti fishing net n. ulgwop ta kweesi fourteen num. kutl cen wupsi fear, to v.p. kum ɓanti five num. ɗenantәng fowl n. kool feather n. matlәng flea n. sando fragrance n. usunti fence n. bәtllaɗenәm flow, to v.p. teng gudelti francolin n. kakol few a. nangdukshi flute n. bushil Bululu; n. friend n. yelәng fifteen num. kutl cen nantәng mbәshel frog n. zheta fifty num. kutl kutl ɗenamtang fly, to v. fiti fruit bat n. zweli fight n. lanti flying ant n. dlitlu fry, to v. utli fight, to v. dlanti fog n. tukutuku fury n. dumbatli fill, to v. jәkәnti fold, to v. muwi1 find, to v. mbiti folktale n. baati

G g garbage dump n. dizumɗi goitre n. maakoko grind, to v. nәktәhung garden egg n. kweeti good a. mbunti grinding stone n. zәnga nete get, to v. mbiti gourd n. bal gaali hwung giant rat n. doɓol gourd rattle n. ɓaashi ground n. atli1 girl n. yengkәli granary n. hwuu ground squirrel n. dakashi give birth, to v. zuɗyeng grandchild n. jika groundnut n. guja give, to v. bәlti grandfather n. kaka malmani grow, to v. nali go down, to v. gudelti grandmother n. kaka modli gruel n. shong2; n. gәshkai go in, to v. tefwi grandparent n. kaka guest n. sәmbәl go out, to v. iltoka grass n. myee 2 guinea-corn n. kawo go up, to v. to grasshopper n. kәÞɓã guinea-fowl n. jong go, to v. mәli; v. maɗiyo grave n. balbung gum n. mbiki goat n. maal grease n. mili God n. guu yang grill, to v. buki 22 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft

H h half a. ndukciyi hearth n. delkang home n. lu bying hammer n. uldyes tәgәla heavy a. diɓolti honeybee n. zii dung hand n. kaalang hedgehog n. bushaa horn n. noó handle of s.t. n. gaadal he-goat n. maal gamani horse n. kapsi hare n. zwomong height n. tlati hot a. cwәtgatli hatch, to v. ɗeshelti hen n. kool hourglass drum n. kalangu hatchet n. ndral hide n. kuul house n. lu bying have, to v. niɗa high a. tlaali house bat n. cingcing hawk n. shaho hill n. zendel housefly n. duki haze n. tukutuku hippopotamus n. dorina huge a. bali head n. gang hit, to v. babu palang; v. ɓooti hunger n. kuzәng head-pad n. liishi hoe n. giili hunter n. mulmulti hear, to v. kumi hoe, to v. kwoltelu hunting n. molti heart n. mbatli hole n. shung hyena n. húlí; n. zul

I i

I pron. ani ingest, to v. shati2 intestine n. ɓoti illness n. cәtlgali insect n. kwari iron n. gәlla increase, to v. nali inter, to v. kuktiteka iron gong n. kyengkyeng inflate, to v. tәkiɗi internal stomach n. balbundi

J j jackal n. dila jaw n. lenti jump, to v. ɗakcelu jar n. aceɗa; n. ceɗa Jew's mallow n. laalo

K k kapok tree n. mbúlá kill, to v. tluti kneel, to v. ngusi kenaf n. rama king n. guu knife n. pәka kidney n. kwada knee n. gahulang; n. isgahulang know, to v. isti

L l labour n. kwaltalu laughter n. dliti; n. gitli light a. pokәntәl labour, to v. pәlti leaf n. dwaá lightening n. welkiya lad n. yesamari; n. yembalang leap, to v. ɗakcelu like, to v. lami ladder n. gәtli learn, to v. kutlni lion n. mbol lads n. milmani leg n. asәng listen, to v. katkәng lake n. tapga leopard n. kwaki little a. na'ani land n. atli1 leper n. dakәl liver n. batli large a. bali lick, to v. masi lizard n. ɓalkәng large antelope sp. n. nazhel lie n. lәka2 load n. kaaya laugh, to v. gitlini lie down, to v. mulatli local beer n. gәzhi 23 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft locust n. zhembul locust bean pod n. denjaal look, to v. yeni locust bean cake n. dandukung locust bean seed n. nzhii lose s.t., to v. pәltәka locust bean flour n. pushi locust bean tree n. mәtlkәng louse n. kwarkwata locust bean flower n. tungtung look for, to v. ngoti lungs n. huhukәng

M m machete n. tlalpәka market n. lumot gang money n. wulpi mahogany tree n. lәngka marry, to v. kinti2; v. pәlkәli monitor lizard n. dәkәl maiden n. yengkәli marsh n. padama monkey n. bәli maize n. okudu masquerade p.n. zheeli; p.n. month n. liil make war, to v. dlanti kujang; p.n. balmunci; p.n. moon n. liil malady n. cәtlgali ndelzang; p.n. gaɗiyatli; p.n. morning adv. kәkyәu mammal sp. n. hwung; n. lamdәr; p.n. monci mortar n. tuuli nnang; n. zul; n. húlí; n. mat n. lumalti mosquito n. hulendii gwongki; n. zweli gә kәdәm; matchet n. tlalpәka mother n. nana n. leli; n. denzi; n. twili; n. mate n. yelәng mountain n. tlendel zuni; n. mbul; n. zweli; n. me pron. ani mouth n. bi zwomong; n. bushaa; n. meat n. tluu mud n. bitang dorina; n. cingcing; n. dila; n. medicine n. yikәng murder, to v. tluti nazhel; n. kwaki; n. mbol; n. Megang language n. bi Mәgang musical instrument n. gumbatu; bәli; n. gusmi; n. mil kusәng; Megang people p.n. Mәgang n. suulu; n. akayau; n. n. kusәng; n. kusәng mәng men n. maniwunti gagang; n. kooso; n. bushil zani; n. kusәng padama; n. millet sp. n. swangi; n. shil bәli Bululu; n. mbәshel; n. kyelkyel millipede n. dangulung kalangu; n. kyengkyeng; n. man n. mәlmani mist n. tukutuku dlítí; n. gùlí many a. wontoti mix, to v. muwi3 muturu n. tlaa gә lubi

N n

name n. shong1 new cocoyam n. makәmbu ninety num. kutl kutl narrative n. baltagaɓa newt n. koloɓi ɗenetwopsi native cow n. tlaa gә lubi next tomorrow adv. acigu none [?] a. poison navel n. cwatәl nice a. temti nose n. icong neck n. yal night adv. kәgasi numerous a. wontoti nest of bird n. biyatli nightjar n. ’yakwali new a. pyaali nine num. netwopsi

O o

ocarina n. dlítí old a. kwalbalang; a. gusiyi open, to v. ɓuli2 occupation n. kwaltalu one num. ɗeɗәm owl n. jiji odour n. usunti one hundred num. kutl kutl own, to v. niɗa oil n. mili ɗekutl okra n. mitlgulu onion n. albasa

P p

pap n. shong2 parrot n. siriya path n. tantu; n. bitantu

24 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft peanut n. guja place n. lu pound, to v. desti pearl millet n. gyelu plait, to v.p. takal matlang; v. pour, to v. shoti peelings n. kola ɓurzi praying mantis n. dangkada pegged drum n. gùlí plant, to v. ɓakti moolasi penis n. lәl play, to v. pәlwalati; v. walati prick n. lәl people n. mbalәwunti plead, to v. bәlәnni proverb n. kari gәshәlәng person n. mbalәng plenteous a. wontoti puke, to v. kwosi personal name pers. n. Badiko poison n. yaaɗi pulverise, to v. nәktәhung perspiration n. lwani pond n. tapga pumpkin n. laaki pestle n. luusi pool n. tapga puppy n. mil kaɗi pied crow n. hangkaka porcupine n. gusmi pursue, to v. kwoɓi pig n. alade porridge n. shong2 push, to v. jeki pigeon, n. baru pot n. aceɗa; n. twassi; n. ceɗa put on, to v. lakti pilfer, to v. imukәl potash n. nemkwi python n. balwuci piss n. ɓasi potsherd n. delkawutu

Q q quake, to v. tәtәkti quench, to v. mbәshtәka queen ant n. guu dembi quiver n. boola

R r rag n. kulu reject, to v. ankiyi rock hyrax n. zuni rage n. dumbatli relation n. zuriya rock rabbit n. zuni rain n. zii yang remember, to v. daaki roof n. katabing rain, to v. tendati reply, to v. ndәkti room n. pangka rainy season n. watlang request, to v. ngyemti root n. tlelki2 ram n. bagalla resemble, to v. pokama rope n. zaang raphia palm n. kwara rib n. ngefi roselle n. batakwoci rat n. kusәng; n. mil kusәng rice n. shingkapa rotten. to be, to s.v. mokti rat sp. n. kusәng padama; n. rip, to v. keshi round a. gaadәlti kusәng mәng zani river n. tlelkaa royal python n. kurnu recall, to v. daaki rizga n. huli rub, to v. tlokti recount, to v. dlemi road n. tantu rubbish dump n. dizumɗi red a. ziili roast, to v. buki ruler n. guu red-flowered silk cotton tree n. rob, to v. imukәl run, to v. apti 2 ɗiiki robber n. mukәl running n. apti 1 refuse, to v. ankiyi rock n. zәnga

S s s.t. used for sharing food n. scorpion n. yendәl Senegal coucal n. huhukti tampәlang search for, to v. ngoti sesame n. njwa sack n. jeka buhung seat n. ludenti set trap, to v. nnaɗe saliva n. ɓakәng see, to v. yeni seven num. ɗeningi salt n. kwimalami seed n. wundel seventy num. kutl kutl ɗeningi sand n. ’eɓyesi seek v. ngoti sew, to v. tlemti say, to v. jemiti select, to v. kanggung shade n. shishi saying n. kari gәshәlәng sell, to v. wultega shadow n. shishi scatter, to v.p. kwasetәka send, to v. shwenti shake, to v. tәtәkti 25 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft shame n. sha sleep, to v.p. baye bәl steal, to v. imukәl share out, to v. atli2 sloppy porridge n. gәshkai stew n. wolo share, to v. wuuli small a. na'ani stick n. mandәl sharpen, to v. pyelti smash, to v. celi; v. talti stir, to v. hotti 2 shatter, to v. celi smear, to v. tlokti stomach n. tuki shea-butter oil n. mil gali smell n. usunti stone n. zәnga shea-butter tree n. ngali smell, to v. wusni stool n. ludenti sheep n. mbula1 smoke n. kunu story n. baltagaɓa; n. baati shell n. kwesәli snail n. kwaɗi strainer n. ulcedalti shoe n. kaptәlang snake n. wuci stranger n. sәmbәl shoot, to v. mboti snake sp. n. ɓuɓul; n. pagyazi strangle, to v. cungagiɓi short a. ndoklami soil n. atli1 stream n. tlelkaa shoulder n. bakung 2 soldier ant n. lwang strike, to v. babu palang; v. shut, to v. itltika song n. ultukung ɓooti sickle n. kwәltәng soothsayer n. keteyenti struggle, to v. dlanti sickness n. cәtlgali sorrel n. batakwoci suck, to v. lәkti silk cotton tree?? n. dәm soup n. wolo suffering n. nakti silk-cotton tree n. mbúlá speak, to v. jemiti sun n. cәng silo n. hwuu spear n. gashi surpass, to v. tәfi sing, to v. wulti2 spider n. zariyang swallow, to v. sәnggati sit, to v. demi spiral beans n. kpalwuci swamp n. padama six num. ɗәmaka spit, to v. bәzi sweat n. lwani sixty num. kutl kutl ɗemәkә spitting cobra n. wokanzi sweep, to v. tasi skin n. kuul spittle n. ɓakәng sweet a. nzhweti sky n. yang split, to v. tatli swell, to v. tәkiɗi slaughter, to v. mboshti spoon n. kusha swift n. lәlәpsәng slave n. zhaal stand up, to v. tli swim, to v. yilli slay, to v. tluti star n. kyaatlәl sword n. takwobi sleep n. baɗebәl start, to v. somati

T t tail n. cil thorn n. ili town name p.n. Bolu tall a. tlaali three num. ɗemekang toxin n. yaaɗi tallness n. tlati throne n. ludenti kaguu track n. tantu; n. bitantu tamarind n. paatlәng throw, to v. laki traditional doctor n. muyenti taro n. duwala; n. makәmbu thumb n. bamalang traditional worship n. waali tasty a. nzhweti thunder n. disdigang diyazi traditional worshipper n. mu taurine n. tlaa gә lubi tick n. katәnguli waali teaching n. koyesi tie, to v. kini trail n. tantu; n. bitantu tear, to v. keshi tigernut n. duuzi transverse clarinet n. gumbatu teardrop n. luu1 till, to v. kwoltelu transverse horn n. noo tell, to v. dlemi tiny a. na'ani trap n. kantara ten num. ɗekutl tit n. nii trash heap n. dizumɗi termite n. dembi toad n. gatәmbukәl tree n. ’yecәÞng termite mound n. bi dembi today adv. asi tree sp. n. tlwelkәng; n. holdwa; terror n. ɓanti toe n. milasәng n. lekla; n. daaholi; n. they pron. si tomb n. balbung ndrang; n. mbwaki; n. thief n. mukәl tomorrow adv. akewu giginya; n. mbúlá; n. thigh n. balcikәng tongue n. lәka1 mәtlkәng; n. lәngka; n. thing n. igung tooth n. shóng kwara; n. ɗiiki; n. ngali; n. thirteen num. kutl cenmekang tortoise n. ngәɓәng dәm; n. paatlәng thirty num. kutl kutl ɗemekang touch, to v. teni tree squirrel n. kyelkyel 26 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft tumuku, n. gushka huli twilight n. kәsukti twist, to v. ɓurzi turning stick n. shil twine n. zaang two num. ɗelop twelve num. kutl cenlop twine, to v.p. takal matlang; v. two days after tomorrow adv. twenty num. kutl kutl ɗelop ɓurzi acigungu

U u understanding n. dabara upper arm n. gaɓa ang urine n. ɓasi untruth n. lәka2 uproot, to v. dleki

V v vagina n. swee vibrate, to v. tәtәkti Haɗobilang; p.n. Beddare vast a. bali village n. bileɓi viper n. lәmbәl vein n. tlelki1 village name p.n. Pakimi; p.n. visitor n. sәmbәl venom n. yaaɗi Byeru; p.n. Bәm Mәgang; vomit n. kwoskәng vessel n. aceɗa; n. twassi; n. p.n. Makyera; p.n. Baking vomit, to v. kwosi ceɗa Kura; p.n. Balla; p.n. vulture n. zhepgi

W w walk, to v. pәtti; v. yoti; v. wind n. yetәl maɗiyo wing n. bakung 1 wall n. kagu winnowing tray n. matangkaɗe want, to v. lami wipe, to v. swatti; v. tlokti wash, to v. utәzi wisdom n. dabara wasp n. butәrbu witch n. mucinbalang water n. zii woman n. kәlibalang water-yam n. shaka word n. kәmani we pron. mi work n. kyautәng; n. kwaltalu weave, to v. takәlti work, to v. pәlti weaver bird n. jera world n. duniya wed, to v. kinti2; v. pәlkәli worm n. tantayatli weed, to v. kwolti wound n. usung weeding hoe n. tәmpwa weep, to v. luu2 weevil n. jijiji well n. rijiya wet a. diikiyi wetland n. padama what int. yekke when? int. anemi where? int. aunikũ which int. kuku whirlwind n. wiilu whistle, to v. illeti whistling n. shishokti white a. hwooli who? int. wuku widow n. gúli wild animal n. tluu gә kәmyeng 27 English-Megang Dictionary Circulation draft

Y y yam n. doya; n. gulki yam heaps n. kunga yawn, to v. hamti yawning n. ham year n. waani yesterday adv. ahuli you (f) pron. ti you (m) pron. ki you (pl) pron. ki young man n. yesamari young men n. milmani young woman n. yengkәli young women n. milmotli younger brother n. mәlgaɓi 2 younger sister n. mәlgaɓi 1 youths n. milmani

1