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Rugilė Romankevičiūtė VABALŲ (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA)

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Rugilė Romankevičiūtė VABALŲ (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETO ŽEMĖS ŪKIO AKADEMIJA AGRONOMIJOS FAKULTETAS BIOLOGIJOS IR AUGALŲ BIOTECHNOLOGIJOS INSTITUTAS Rugilė Romankevičiūtė VABALŲ (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) RŪŠIŲ ĮVAIROVĖ EKOLOGIŠKAI AUGINAMŲ BRAŠKIŲ PLANTACIJOSE Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas Agronomijos studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 612D72001 Žemės ūkio mokslų studijų kryptis Vadovas (-ė) doc. dr. Vytautas Tamutis ___________ ___________ (Moksl. laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Apginta ________________________ ___________ ___________ (Fakulteto dekanas) (Parašas) (Data) Registracijos Nr. Akademija, 2020 Agronomijos fakulteto studentų baigiamųjų darbų vertinimo komisija: (Patvirtinta įsakymu Nr. ŽŪA-2020-12, 2020 m. gegužės 5 d.) Pirmininkas: prof. habil. dr. Pavelas Duchovskis (Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Sodininkystės ir daržininkystės institutas) Nariai: 1. Doc. dr. Zita Kriaučiūnienė (Agroekosistemų ir dirvožemio mokslų institutas) 2. Doc. dr. Jolanta Sinkevičienė (Biologijos ir augalų biotechnologijos institutas) 3. Doc. dr. Irena Pranckietienė (Agroekosistemų ir dirvožemio mokslų institutas) 4. Generalinė direktorė Erika Povilionienė (UAB "ADAMA Northern Europe") Agronomijos fakulteto studentų baigiamųjų darbų vertinimo komisijos įvertinimas: .......................................................................................................................................................... Agronomijos fakulteto studentų baigiamųjų vertinimo komisijos įvertinimas ir pirmininko parašas Darbo vadovas: doc. dr. Vytautas Tamutis, VDU Žemės ūkio akademija, Biologijos ir augalų biotechnologijos institutas Recenzentas: doc. dr. Audronė Žebrauskienė, VDU Žemės ūkio akademija, Žemės ūkio ir maisto mokslų institutas Instituto direktorius: prof. dr. Natalija Burbulis, VDU Žemės ūkio akademija, Biologijos ir augalų biotechnologijos institutas Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo recenzento įvertinimas: Teigiamai, neigiamai (recenzento parašas) ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 BIOLOGIJOS IR AUGALŲ BIOTECHNOLOGIJOS INSTITUTO SUSIRINKIMO PROTOKOLAS 2020 05 12 Nr. 30 IŠRAŠAS Susirinkimas įvyko nuotoliniu būdu 2020 m. gegužės 12 d. 830val. Susirinkimo pirmininkė Natalija Burbulis Susirinkimo sekretorė Danguolė Tamutienė Susirinkime dalyvavo: instituto direktorė prof. dr. N. Burbulis, prof. dr. A. Blinstrubienė, prof. dr. S. Gliožeris, doc. dr. S. Kazlauskaitė, doc. dr. Malinauskaitė, lekt. dr. R. Masienė, doc. dr. J. Sinkevičienė, doc. dr. L. Žilėnaitė, doc. dr. P. Mulerčikas, lekt. A. Šaluchaitė, sekretorė D. Tamutienė. DARBOTVARKĖ: Nuolatinių studijų bakalaurų Agronomijos programos baigiamųjų darbų svarstymas. SVARSTYTA: Nuolatinių studijų bakalaurės Agronomijos programos Rugilės Romankevičiūtės baigiamasis darbas. Darbo tema: Vabalų (Insecta: Coleoptera) rūšių įvairovė ekologiškai auginamų braškių plantacijose Species Diversity Of Coleoptera (Insecta) In Organically Managed Strawberies Darbo vadovas: doc. dr. Vytautas Tamutis. NUTARTA: Nuolatinių studijų Agronomijos programos bakalaurei Rugilei Romankevičiūtei baigiamąjį darbą leisti ginti BDVK. Susirinkimo pirmininkė Natalija Burbulis Susirinkimo sekretorė Danguolė Tamutienė Išrašas tikras: Susirinkimo sekretorė Danguolė Tamutienė SANTRAUKA Rugilė Romankevičiūtė Vabalų (Insecta: Coleoptera) rūšių įvairovė ekologiškai auginamų braškių plantacijose Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas 44 puslapiai, 27 paveikslai, 5 lentelės, 69 literatūros šaltiniai, 1 priedas. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2019 m. kovo-rugsėjo mėnesiais, R. Romankevičiūtės ūkyje, Ločių k., Biržų r. dviejose ekologiškai auginamose braškių plantacijose, kurios skyrėsi naudojimo metų trukme (3 ir 5 m.). Šiuo tyrimu buvo siekta ištirti braškių plantacijose aptinkamų vabalų (Insecta: Coleoptera) rūšinę įvairovę, gausumą bei ekologijos aspektus. Vabalų surinkimui buvo taikyti 3 skirtingi metodai – dirvožemio mėginių, Barberio duobutinių gaudyklių bei Moerickio lėkštelinių (baltos ir geltonos spalvos) gaudyklių. Dirvožemis buvo kasamas tris kartus kas tris mėnesius po 10 pakartojimų kiekviename lauke. Barberio ir Moerickio gaudyklės abiejuose laukuose buvo išdėstomos po 5 pakartojimus ir tikrinamos kas 10- 12 d. Braškių plantacijose iš viso buvo aptikta 290 vabalų rūšių, priklausančių 31 šeimai. Gausiausia individų skaičiumi buvo Carabidae šeima, o skaitlingiausios rūšys Poecilus versicolor, P. cupreus, Harpalus rufipes, Calathus fuscipes. Esmingai didesnis tiek individų, tiek rūšių skaičius buvo nustatytas jaunesnėje braškių plantacijoje. Vertinant pagal mitybinę specializaciją, didžioji dalis aptiktų vabalų buvo zoofagai, tačiau šiuo aspektu žymūs skirtumai buvo rasti tarp skirtingų gaudyklių – spalvotose Moerickio gaudyklėse akivaizdžiai dominavo fitofagai, tuo tarpu Barberio – zoofagai. Braškėms galintys kenkti vabalai sudarė 14 % visų aptiktų, o skaitilingiausios kenkėjiškų vabalų rūšys – Harpalus rufipes, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllopertha horticola. Senesnėje plantacijoje potencialių kenkėjų buvo nustatyta esmingai daugiau. Lyginant skirtingų spalvų Moerickio gaudykles pastebėta, kad geltonomis buvo sugauti esmingai didesni vabalų kiekiai, taip pat ir daugiau fitofagų. Atlikto tyrimo metu taip pat buvo aptiktos 6 naujos Lietuvos faunai rūšys - Longitarsus ochroleucus, Liocyrtusa vittata, Mordella brachyura, Aleochara grandeguttata, Atheta amplicollis ir Orochares angustatus. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vabalai (Coleoptera), braškės, ekologinis. 4 SUMMARY Rugilė Romankevičiūtė Species Diversity of Coleoptera (Insecta) in Orgalically Managed Strawberries Bachelor Graduation Thesis 44 Pages, 27 Figures, 5 Tables, 69 References, 1 Appendix. The research has been carried out in 2019 form March to September, in R. Romankevičiūtė farm in Ločiai village, Biržai district. The study was conducted in two organically grown strawberry plantations, which differed in the duration of using (3 and 5 years). The aim of this study was to investigate the species diversity, abundance and ecological aspects of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) found in strawberry plantations. Three different methods were used to collect beetles - soil samples, Barber pitfall traps and Moerickie pan traps (white and yellow). The soil samples were taken three times every three months in 10 replications in each field. Barber and Moerickie traps were placed in both fields for 5 replications and checked every 10-12 days. A total 290 species of beetles belonging to 31 families were found in strawberry plantations. The largest number of individuals belonged to Carabidae family, and the most numerous species were Poecilus versicolor, P. cupreus, Harpalus rufipes, Calathus fuscipes. Significantly higher numbers of both individuals and species were found in the younger strawberry plantation. In terms of food specialization, most of the beetles detected were zoophages, but in this respect significant differences were found between different traps - colored Moerickie traps were clearly dominated by phytophagous, while Barber's by zoophages. The potentially harmful beetles accounted for 14 % of all detected beetles. The most numerous species of harmful beetles were Harpalus rufipes, Meligethes aeneus, Phyllopertha horticola. Significantly more potential pests were identified in the older plantation. Comparing Moerickie traps of different colors, it was found that significantly higher numbers of beetles, as well as more phytophagous, were caught in yellow traps. During this study, six new species to Lithuanian fauna were detected - Longitarsus ochroleucus, Liocyrtusa vittata, Mordella brachyura, Aleochara grandeguttata, Atheta amplicollis and Orochares angustatus. Key words: beetles (Coleoptera), strawberries, organic. 5 TURINYS TERMINŲ BEI SĄVOKŲ ŽODYNĖLIS IR SANTRUMPOS...........................................................7 ĮVADAS ................................................................................................................................................8 1. LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA .......................................................................................................10 1.1. Braškių auginimas ...................................................................................................................10 1.1.1. Braškių kilmė ..................................................................................................................10 1.1.2. Braškių morfologinės ir biologinės savybės ...................................................................10 1.1.3. Braškių auginimo specifika ............................................................................................. 11 1.1.4. Jautrumas ligoms ir kenkėjams .......................................................................................12 1.2. Braškių kenkėjai .....................................................................................................................12 1.2.1. Braškėms kenkiantys vabalai (Coleoptera) ....................................................................12 1.2.2. Kiti braškių kenkėjai .......................................................................................................17 1.3. Entomofaunos tyrimų braškių plantacijose apžvalga .............................................................18 1.3.1. Tyrimai Lietuvoje ............................................................................................................18 1.3.2. Tyrimai užsienyje ............................................................................................................19
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