Philadelphia 2009

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PHILADELPHIA 2009

THE STATE OF THE CITY PEW_PhilaResIntWEB.qxd 3/27/09 11:39 AM Page 2

PHILADELPHIA 2009

THE STATE OF THE CITY

THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS is driven by the power of knowledge to solve today’s most challeng- ing problems. Pew applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public and stimulate civic life. The Philadelphia Research Initiative (www.pewtrusts.org/philaresearch) provides timely, impartial research and analysis that helps Philadelphia’s citizens and leaders understand and address key issues facing the city. For copies of this report e-mail [email protected].

CONTENTS

FOREWORD [2]

INTRODUCTION [4]

CHAPTER 1: JOBS & THE ECONOMY [8]

CHAPTER 2: CRIME & PUNISHMENT [16]

CHAPTER 3: EDUCATION [24]

CHAPTER 4: CITY GOVERNMENT [30]

CHAPTER 5: ARTS & CULTURE [38]

CHAPTER 6: HEALTH & WELFARE [44]

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FOREWORD

To figure out where a city is Using data from a wide range of sources, we at the Philadelphia Research Initiative have assembled a detailed statistical portrait of Philadelphia. We have sought to show, through lively and accessible graphics, the city’s strengths and weaknesses, its sources of hope and reasons for concern—and to highlight specific indicators going and where it ought to that can be used to gauge what happens from this point forward. The numbers are the heart of Philadelphia 2009: The State of the City; they tell a complex and nuanced tale about jobs and the economy, crime and punishment, education, city government, arts and culture, and health and welfare. go, it is essential to know In each of the six chapters of this benchmark report, we have taken one or two of the most telling indicators— among them the number of jobs, the homicide count and the poverty rate—and labeled them with a plus or a minus. Getting or keeping those indicators headed in the right direction is hugely important for the city’s prospects.

Veteran journalist Tom Ferrick Jr., who has been following city issues since the 1970s, is the principal author of this report. He conceived its structure, wrote the essays and gathered the data. Willie/Fetchko Graphic where it is today and where Design created the graphics and designed the report. Peter Tobia took many of the photographs. Timothy Durkin, Cindy Jobbins and Emily Cheramie Walz of The Pew Charitable Trusts assisted me in the editing. Donald Kimelman, managing director of Pew’s Philadelphia Program, conceived the project.

At the Philadelphia Research Initiative, our purpose is to provide in-depth and impartial analysis of the city’s problems and opportunities. In our upcoming work, we will explore the experiences of other cities to see how it has been lately. That is they deal with the problems that confront Philadelphia.

No one should read this report, which will be updated in the coming years, without understanding that some of the forces documented here operate largely beyond the control of any urban leaders. The challenge is to figure out those areas in which a difference can be made—and how to make it. this report’s reason for being. Our hope is that the wealth of relevant facts in this document will help policy makers, opinion leaders and concerned citizens as they strive to make that difference.

Larry Eichel Project Director The Philadelphia Research Initiative

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE

i.1

(homes and apartments) (nursery to high school) PORTRAIT OF THE CITY Median monthly rent Median value of owner-occupied units Percent of units Number of units listed as Total housing units Percent of families below the poverty level Percent of households with annual income Median household income Percent of adults who are Percent of residents who or graduate school Students enrolled in college School-aged children Percent of residents who Percent of residents who are Population MOST DATA FOR 2007, THE MOST RECENT AVAILABLE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Vacant $100,000 or more $75,000 to $99,999 $35,000 to $74,999 Less than $35,000 Widowed Divorced or separated Not married Married or live as a couple Never graduated from high school Speak a foreign language at home Were foreign born Moved here within the last 10 years Were in Philadelphia born Another race, or two more races Rented Owned by occupant Built before 1939 Occupied Graduated from college Asian Latino White African American Age 65 and older Age 45–64 Age 20–44 Under the age of 19 1,449,634 $136,400 562,384 660,646 $35,431 119,918 287,045 98,262 ] [ 4 $770 43% 57% 39% 19% 11% 30% 50% 10% 17% 36% 37% 22% 21% 20% 11% 14% 57% 10% 39% 43% 13% 23% 35% 29% 9% 3% 5% INTRODUCTION pessimists alike. conflicting signs and indicators to buttress the outlook of optimists and with decay, prosperity brushes up against poverty, and there are enough victory or defeat. Cities are complex organisms, where growth co-exists But life is not like baseball, where only two outcomes are possible: shared civic pride. hometown heroes paraded by. There was an overwhelming sense of estimated as high two million, lined Broad Street to cheer as the To celebrate the Phillies’ victory in World Series, a jubilant crowd, October 31, 2008 was a glorious day for the city of Philadelphia. F nine months, and when crime is still the top concern in the minds of many residents. nine months, and when crime is still the top concern Philadelphia a safe city, not when five police officers die in the line of duty little more than civic obsession in 2007—declined by 15 percent in 2008. But that does not make Major crime is down substantially compared to 2000, and the murder rate—a day-to-day 1970s and 1980s. head count finally is stabilizing after peaking in 1950 and falling precipitously through the awaits the 2010 census. There arepopulation, although confirmation signs that the overall appears to be taking shape regardingin the last two decades. A similar pattern the city’s tor began its downslide a half century ago. But the losses are coming at a slower rate than jobs, and Philadelphia is still losing them, as has been the case since manufacturing sec- For any city, particularly this one, no single indicator is more important than the number of employees. a growing proportion of its revenue on the criminal justice system and benefits for city to feel much more secure; and a recession-buffeted that must spend city government than that of most other cities; a crime rate has declined but not enough for residents vibrant cultural scene threatened by hard times; a population that is poorer and less healthy education system making progress but still struggling to get the basics right; a rich and in 2009. They depict an economy that boasts relative stability but little dynamism; a public The numbers, which are the heart of this report, tell the story of where Philadelphia stands nerable—have not gone away. In some regards, those forces are as strong as ever. tal forces of decay—to which older, cities with industrial pasts are particularly vul- northern with a vengeance last fall, the pace of decline appeared to have slowed. But the fundamen- progress arrived on a number of key fronts. And at least until the economic downturn coping with decline. In this decade, the city has made encouraging, albeit modest or the last 50 years, Philadelphia story has been one of trying to remain vital while ] [ 5

PEW_PhilaResIntWEB.qxd 3/27/09 11:39 AM Page 6 ➡ THROUGHOUT THIS REPORT, KEY INDICATORS OF PHILADELPHIA’S WELL-BEING ARE LABELED WITH A PLUS, A MINUS, OR A VERTICAL LINE SIGNIFYING NO CHANGE. THE OPTIMISM OF AN OPTIMISTIC OUTLOOK RESIDENTS IS A PLUS, THE LONG-TERM The public schools continue to get very low grades from parents, even though the school DECLINE IN POPULATION A MINUS. PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE POLL, JANUARY 2009 system in this decade has undergone the most sustained period of genuine reform in its history. The charter school movement alone has opened up new options for those families who believe that a good education is crucial to a decent life for their children. And a new superintendent, Arlene Ackerman, is talking of more sweeping changes yet to come. i.2 City services get generally high marks, according to a recent poll commissioned by the Where residents believe Philadelphia Research Initiative. That is something of a surprise, considering how much Philadelphia is headed now: Philadelphians seem to grumble about City Hall. At the same time, the growth in the cost of local government has consistently exceeded the rise in the cost of living over the past IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION 46%

decade. Now, the recession is forcing city officials to spend less. DOWN THE WRONG TRACK 37%

Arts and culture are a strong plus for the city. Millions pay to attend these events—more than MIXED 12% go to the games of the four major sports teams. But many cultural organizations are surviv- DON’T KNOW/REFUSED 5% ing by the skin of their teeth. A further downturn in the economy, with an accompanying decline in charitable contributions, could cause some of them to go under.

Perhaps the most disturbing indicator of all is this: the number of poor people in Philadel- phia rose in this decade, even during periods when the nation’s economy was booming and i.3 the city's overall population was declining. How Philadelphians think Philadelphia remains a city where the poor and the near-poor are in the majority. The medi- the city has fared in the last i.5 PHILADELPHIA POPULATION an household income was $35,431 a year in 2007, less than half of the suburban number

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA five years: and about $15,000 less than the national average. Nearly one in five city families and one in four individuals live below the poverty line. GOTTEN BETTER 33% 2.1 — As for the public’s health, this much can be said with certainty: Philadelphia is a majority-fat BECOME WORSE 27%

city, with 29 percent of residents describing themselves as obese and another 35 percent as STAYED THE SAME 35% (IN MILLIONS) 2.0 — overweight. Philadelphia also has higher percentages of smokers, diabetics, asthma sufferers SOME BETTER/SOME WORSE 3% PEOPLE and adults with hypertension than does the country as a whole. While smoking continues to DON’T KNOW/REFUSED 1% 1.9 — decline nationally, it appears to have risen slightly in the city during this decade.

For all of the challenges, most Philadelphians appear to be upbeat about the city and its 1.8 — prospects. In the Philadelphia Research Initiative’s poll, taken several months after that glorious October day, most residents said they liked their city, their neighborhood and their i.4 1.7 — mayor, Michael Nutter. When asked whether the city would be a better place to live five What kind of place residents years from now, optimists outnumbered pessimists by a ratio of nearly five-to-one. 1.6 — expect Philadelphia to be Nothing good comes easy in Philadelphia, but Philadelphians seem to accept that. Their atti- five years from now: 1.5 — tude towards the city mirrors their attitude towards its sports teams—a mixture of exaspera-

tion and deep affection rooted in an understanding that the lean years make the good times BETTER 68% feel that much better. Their hopefulness about the city’s future is not naïve; they know how WORSE 14% 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007 deep-seated the problems are. The vitality of the city and the signs of renewal and growth SAME 6% 2,071,605 2,002,512 1,948,609 1,688,210 1,585,577 1,517,550 1,449,634 have combined to convince them, at least for now, that tomorrow will be a better day. SOME BETTER/SOME WORSE 1% They will need to hang on to all of that optimism in the coming year as the effects of the DON’T KNOW/REFUSED 10% The city has over 600,000 fewer people today than it did in 1950. The 1970s was the worst decade in terms of population loss, with a net decline of 270,000 resi- recession settle upon Philadelphia and the nation. dents during those 10 years. The 2007 population figure is an estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau based on sample survey data.

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE JOBS & THE ECONOMY ] [ 8 years, it has been defined by the loss of those jobs. beginning in the 1860s, Philadelphia was defined by its manufacturing. For last 50 services. The other story is the continued decline of old economy. For a century, business and professional services, tourism and hospitality, and education health One is the creation of a new economy oriented towards the future, with jobs in When it comes to the economy and jobs, Philadelphia has two stories tell. B every income category. recent study, Philadelphia ranked number one in largest cities in each of the 50 states. In most Columbia does a study of personal tax burdens in the Each year, the finance director of the District The same is true when it comes to individual taxes. number one. of any city in the nation. Some studies have put it at imposes one of the highest tax burdens on business Numerous studies have found that Philadelphia business and personal taxes imposed here. But the city’s economy hasn’t been helped by the just leave Philadelphia; it departed America’s shores. ly to forces beyond the city’s control. Industry didn’t only 4 percent were. This steep decline is due most- were in the manufacturing sector. As 2008 ended, When the 1980s began, 20 percent of the city’s jobs enue alone. And as jobs disappear, so do people. a year can cost the city $1.9 million in wage tax rev- loss of a thousand jobs paying an average $50,000 tomers for its retail businesses large and small. The (even if they aren’t residents) and to serve as cus- perity rests. The city needs workers to pay local taxes based jobs are the rock on which Philadelphia’s pros- jobs in the suburbs or more distant locales. But city- About one-fourth of all working Philadelphians have tion, but it offers some consolation. decline in the rate of is no cause for celebra- the 1990s, when it lost nearly 62,000 of them. A Still, the city shed jobs at a slower rate than it did in loss of 34,600. the city. At the end of 2008, there were 661,300—a When the decade began, there were 695,900 jobs in fered a net decline in jobs between 2000 and 2008. Despite gains in many job sectors, Philadelphia suf- one? In recent years, the answer has been “no.” pace the decline in work that defined old the creation of jobs by the new economy out- century, raising a fundamental question: Can oth story lines have continued into the new CHAPTER 1 ] [ 9 for everyone. in the years ahead will offer expanded opportunities behind. The question is whether the city’s economy The old economy has left a lot of Philadelphians hold income is half the suburban average. share than in most big cities—and the median house- four residents lives below the poverty line—a greater the majority.the working class form One out of every In 2009, the city remains a place where the poor and the city. between 2003 and 2008, with gains throughout an sale price of existing homes rose 64 percent And in a broader sign of economic health, the medi- were built in other neighborhoods. be known as the city’s “condominium era”—and half Center City and environs—the decade may come to About half the new units in this decade were built in five years after, the total nearly tripled to 12,019. of 4,700 new residential units built in the city. In the In the five years prior to 2001, there were a total went into effect citywide, a housing boom ensued. and residential building. After 2000, when the last abatement on property taxes to all new commercial To spur construction, city council granted a 10-year question that tax reductions have stimulated growth. But in one sector of the city’s economy, there is no would opt to keep the services and pay higher taxes. reducing city services, many Philadelphians say they jobs. Given the choice between reducing taxes or whether lowering taxes actually has helped create There has been considerable debate in the city over the recession. taxes, citing the dip in tax revenues caused by Mayor Michael Nutter, a longtime advocate of lower But the reductions were put on hold last year by albeit sometimes reluctantly—by Mayor John Street. under Mayor Ed Rendell and was continued— and wage tax rates. The process began in the 1990s city has gradually been lowering both the business Mindful of the damage done by these taxes,

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PHILADELPHIA JOB GROWTH AND DECLINE

1.1 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 1.2 BY YEAR

▲ 15 ▲ ▲ 12 ▲ 9.9 10.7 9.3 ▲ 10 7.8 695,900 ▲ ▲ 4.9 ▲ (IN THOUSANDS) 3.6 ▲ ▲ 5 3 2.4 2.2

0 -0.1 -1.5 ▼ 1.1 ▼ -2.5 ▼ -5 -4.4 ▼ ▼ -4.7 -6.7 -6.2 ▼ 688,200 ▼ ▼ -7.7 JOB GROWTH/DECLINE -10 ▼ -10.6 -11.1 -11.4 ▼ ▼ -12.2 ▼ ▼ -13.4 -15 -14.3 ▼ ▼ -14.8 ▼ -18.1 -20 ▼

-25 -23.6 683,500 ▼

-30

-32.9 ▼ (UNDERLINE SIGNIFIES RECESSION YEAR)

YEAR 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA 671,300 TOTAL JOBS 781.7 777.3 753.7 743.1 752.4 755.4 760.3 772.3 775.9 761.6 746.8 713.9 695.8 689.1 687.6 676.2 673.7 667.5 675.3 685.2 695.9 688.2 683.5 671.3 657.9 660.3 662.5 662.4 661.3 (IN THOUSANDS)

1.3 BY CATEGORY OF JOB

657,900 2000 [TOTAL: 695,900] INDUSTRY 2008 [TOTAL: 661,300]

MINING & CONSTRUCTION -6% ▼ 1.4 BY COUNTY MANUFACTURING ▼ CITY AND SUBURBS 660,300 -38% JOBS & THE ECONOMY 1.1 The decline was slower than it was in the TRADE, TRANSPOR- 1990s, but Philadelphia still lost nearly 35,000 TATION & UTILITIES -16% ▼ 2001 2008 Increase/ Percent jobs between 2000 and 2008. (Decrease) INFORMATION • Bucks 1.2 The story of job loss and gain since 1980 -23% ▼ is told mostly in the negative. Note the accelerat- 245,198 261,966 16,768 6.8% ed job losses in recession years. The saying is that FINANCIAL 662,500 ACTIVITIES -13% ▼ • Chester old cities such as Philadelphia are first into a recession and last out. PROFESSIONAL & 217,148 241,674 24,526 11.3% CHAPTER 1: BUSINESS SERVICES 1% ▲ 1.3 There were bright spots in job sectors in • Delaware EDUCATION & the decade, with educational and health services 213,813 209,100 (4,713) -2.2% HEALTH SERVICES 14% ▲ leading the way. “Eds and meds” now constitute 662,400 30 percent of the jobs in the city. The manufactur- LEISURE & • Montgomery ing sector shrank 38 percent between 2000 and HOSPITALITY 2% ▲ 485,394 486,272 878 0.2% 2008. OTHER SERVICES • Philadelphia -3% ▼ 1.4 Taken as a whole, the regional job market 688,200 661,300 (26,900) -3.9% was nearly stagnant in this decade. No county-by- GOVERNMENT county data was available for 2000, so this chart -13% ▼ Five-County Total 661,300 compares job gain and loss by county between 1,849,753 1,860,312 10,559 0.6% 2001 and 2008. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000

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PHILADELPHIA TAX BURDEN

1.5 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE SINCE 2000

1.7 PERSONAL TAX BURDEN ON PHILADELPHIA FAMILIES ... 8.0% STATE AND LOCAL TAXES: FAMILY OF THREE PERCENT $25,000 7.5% $21,955 (IN DOLLARS)

7.0% $20,000 TAXES TAXES

6.5% $14,884 $15,000

$11,606 BIG-CITY AVERAGE 6.0%

$10,000 $8,629

BIG-CITY AVERAGE 5.5%

$4,233 BIG-CITY AVERAGE $5,000 (UNDERLINE SIGNIFIES RECESSION YEAR) 5.0% BIG-CITY AVERAGE BIG-CITY AVERAGE YEAR 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

PERCENT 5.6% 6.1% 7.3% 7.5% 7.3% 6.7% 6.2% 6.0% 7.2% ANNUAL INCOME $25,000 $50,000 $75,000 $100,000 $150,000

PERCENT OF INCOME

PHILADELPHIA 16.9% 17.3% 15.5% 14.9% 14.6%

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA BIG-CITY AVERAGE 11.9% 8.8% 8.7% 8.9% 9.3%

1.6 MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME SINCE 2000

PHILADELPHIA AND SUBURBS (NOT ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION) 1.8 AND IN COMPARABLE CITIES $100,000 SELECTED AMERICAN CITIES: FAMILY OF THREE/ INCOME OF $50,000 A YEAR INCOME

▲ City Tax Burden Percent 27% of Income $80,000 22% ▲ Philadelphia $8,629 17.3% ▲

18% JOBS & THE ECONOMY Baltimore $7,105 14.2% 1.5 After four consecutive years of decline, 20% ▲ Detroit $6,180 12.4% the unemployment rate in the city rose sharply in $60,000 2008, a harbinger of the deepening recession in the nation. Columbus $5,589 11.2% 1.6 In 2007, the median household income in BIG-CITY AVERAGE $4,423 8.8% Philadelphia was $35,431 a year, about half the $40,000 median for the four suburban counties. CHAPTER 1: 15% ▲ Houston $4,398 8.8% 1.7 These totals include state and/or local taxes on wages and income, property, gasoline, New York $4,259 8.5% automobiles and retail sales. The calculations, done by the finance director of the District of $20,000 Boston $3,892 7.8% Columbia, assume relatively high property tax bills for Philadelphians. Washington $3,590 7.2% 1.8 This chart compares the tax burden on a family of three earning $50,000 a year. The taxes 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 Chicago $3,547 7.1% 0 paid by Philadelphians are almost double the big-city average, according to the District of PHILADELPHIA BUCKS CHESTER DELAWARE MONTGOMERY Phoenix $3,403 6.8% Columbia study.

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE 1.9

TOTAL UNITS 12,000 15,000 3,000 6,000 9,000 CONSTRUCTION NEW RESIDENTIAL YTTLVALUE TOTAL BY YTTLUNITS TOTAL BY

2004–2008 1999–2003 0 0 0 0 0 ,0 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 VALUE (IN MILLIONS) 9920 2004–2008 1999–2003 4,700 12,019 $ = 100 MILLION 4] [ 14 1.10 94 ieon$400$20075% 35% 75% $42,000 $33,000 6% $35,000 57% $52,000 64% $24,000 $55,000 73% $24,500 143% 50% $19,950 $52,500 $68,000 $77,600 59% 57% $60,000 $49,000 $35,000 70% -9% $70,000 $85,000 North Phila. – East $32,000 71% 59% $80,000 $28,000 North Phila. – West $44,750 $72,500 $40,000 19133 Nicetown $86,750 $82,500 19132 86% SW Phila. – Paschall $44,000 19140 $54,000 West Phila. – West Market 62% 19142 Port Richmond $47,000 62% 49% $102,500 $80,100 19139 SW Phila. – Kingsessing 46% 19134 North Fairmount $50,600 $52,000 $113,500 52% $105,000 $103,250 19143 North Phila. – West Park 91% $114,950 19121 West Phila. – University City 98% $55,000 19131 $117,500 Logan 19104 $105,000 East Germantown $69,900 $113,950 $65,000 $69,200 19141 63% Northeast – Frankford 171% $79,000 19138 Olney 123% 65% 19124 $77,450 Germantown $122,000 $135,000 West 19120 South Phila. – $55,000 $134,000 $57,500 $131,350 19144 South Phila. – Schuylkill 66% 19145 Northeast – Tacony 47% 19146 43% North Phila. – Spring Garden 46% $75,000 $49,900 $142,000 76% 19135 Overbrook $60,000 $165,000 19122 $79,700 58% Northeast – Bridesburg $189,000 $216,000 19151 53% Eastwick $221,000 61% 19137 52% Oak Lane $227,000 $85,325 19153 Northeast – Boulevard $112,000 $195,000 19126 $234,000 Northeast – Holmesburg $132,000 $147,900 $195,500 $125,500 19149 South Phila. – East 19136 Kensington $143,459 19148 Northwest – Wadsworth $127,500 $145,000 40% 38% 19125 Northeast – Fox Chase $129,000 48% 45% 57% 19150 Northeast – Bustleton 50% 19111 Northeast – Torresdale South $235,000 1% $234,500 11% 19152 Northeast – Torresdale $324,500 North $247,000 $270,250 19114 Mount Airy $447,500 55% $370,000 19154 $324,450 East Falls $167,450 19119 $170,000 Manayunk $710,000 $220,000 $170,450 19129 $172,000 Roxborough 70% $298,500 19127 Liberties North Phila. – Northern $332,500 $320,000 19128 Northeast – Bustleton South Percent $1,037,500 19123 Northeast – Bustleton North $458,000 Med. Price 19116 South Phila. – Bella Vista 19115 Center City – Wash. Square 19147 $610,000 South Fairmount Med. Price 19107 Center City – West 19130 Chestnut Hill 19102 Center City – West 19118 Center City – Society Hill 19103 19106 Neighborhood Zip EINSL RCSBY ZIP CODE MEDIAN SALE PRICES iyAeae 7,0 $1,0 64% $115,000 $70,000 City Average 0320 Change 2008 2003 OVERBROOK 19151 MEDIAN PRICE IN 2008 ROXBOROUGH MANAYUNK $000$50,000 – <$50,000 19128 SW PHILA. – PASCHALL WEST MARKET WEST PHILA. – EASTWICK 19142 NORTH PHILA. – 19153 KINGSESSING 19127 19139 SW PHILA. – WEST PARK 19143 19131 CHESTNUT HILL 19118 100,000 WEST PHILA. – UNIVERSITY MOUNT AIRY 19104 CITY 19119 SOUTH PHILA. – EAST FALLS PHILA. – SCHUYLKILL SOUTH 19145 WEST 19129 GERMANTOWN FAIRMOUNT 19146 NORTHWEST – WADSWORTH NORTH PHILA. – $100,000 – NORTH 19121 FAIRMOUNT 19144 150,000 19150 SOUTH 19102 & 19130 19103 19132 WEST GERMANTOWN THE HOUSING MARKET 19138 EAST SOUTH PHILA. – 19107 19147 5] [ 15 19148 EAST NICETOWN 19123 LOGAN 19141 $150,000 – 19140 19122 19106 PHILA. – 200,000 OAK LANE NORTH 19133 EAST 19126 19125 OLNEY 19120

PORT RICHMOND CENTER CITY – SOCIETY HILL CENTER CITY – WASH. SQUARE CENTER CITY – WEST SOUTH PHILA. – BELLA VISTA

$200,000 – 250,000 19134 NORTHEAST – borhoods declined. the average sale price of homes in some neigh- was evidence the market had cooled in 2008 as neighborhoods saw gains in housing prices. There 64 percent between 2003 and 2008. Nearly all The median price of a home in Philadelphia rose tion, the prices of existing homes also jumped. 1.10 has tripled—to $217 million a year. each year. In the five years since, average average of $71 million in new housing was built year passed. In the five years ending in 2004, an the city began in 1999 and accelerated as each 1.9 FRANKFORD NORTH PHILA. – NORTHERN LIBERTIES

19124 NORTHEAST – In addition to the surge in new construc- The residential construction boom in FOX CHASE NORTHEAST – $250,000+ BRIDESBURG 19111 NORTH PHILA. – SPRING GARDEN 19137 NORTHEAST – BOULEVARD 19149 KENSINGTON NORTHEAST – BUSTLETON SOUTH TACONY 19135 NORTHEAST – NORTHEAST – BUSTLETON 19152 19116 BUSTLETON NORTH HOLMESBURG NORTHEAST – NORTHEAST – 19136 19115 TORRESDALE SOUTH NORTHEAST – 19114 TORRESDALE NORTH NORTHEAST – 19154

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CHAPTER 2

In its own perverse way, crime in Philadelphia is a big business, involving thousands of city residents and billions of dollars.

On the justice side, there are 12,500 city employees involved in public safety—police, prison guards, prosecutors, sheriff’s deputies—at a cost to taxpayers of $1.4 billion a year. On the other side, there were 15,300 Philadelphia convicts in state prisons in 2008; 9,400 in city jails; and 48,000 on probation and parole—with many more on their way. Last year, about 79,300 suspects were arrested and charged with offenses rang- ing from homicide to shoplifting.

inally, there are the victims, thousands of 2008—in part to their targeted policing plan, but them, the citizens who were shot, killed, it is too early to tell if that was a decisive factor. F beaten, burglarized, robbed at gunpoint The number of homicides tends to fluctuate or had their cars stolen during the year. greatly from year to year, and pinpointing the cause of these variations is difficult. Crime—petty and major—clearly eats at the psy- che and fabric of the city. Two factors remain constant: most murders involve people who know each other, and most It is no surprise that in a recent poll conducted for involve a dispute of some kind—a fight over drug the Philadelphia Research Initiative, residents turf, a drunken argument, a case of domestic vio- overwhelmingly answered “crime” when asked lence. About 80 percent of homicides are commit- what they liked least about living in the city. PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA ted with firearms—a testament to the profusion of And yet, there is good news on the crime front in guns in big cities—and an increasing number of Philadelphia, good news that often goes unappre- these killings involve African American males ciated. Crime has decreased significantly in recent under the age of 30. years. Major crime—a category that includes mur- In the 1970s, 32 out of every 100 homicide victims der, serious assaults, rape, robbery, burglary and were black males between the ages of 15 and 29. CRIME & theft—is down 15 percent over the last decade. By the 2000s, it had risen to 44 out of every 100. Even homicide, which saw a run-up earlier in this In the late 1990s, a city task force examined each decade, has declined. There was a 15 percent youth homicide in detail to determine its cause drop in murders between 2007 and 2008. In fact, and concluded that nearly one in four began as an major crime in Philadelphia is at its lowest level argument. since the 1970s, and the number of homicides

A measure of the seriousness with which citizens CRIME & PUNISHMENT over this decade is at the lowest since the 1960s. PUNISHMENT take crime can be found in this question in the What are the causes of these declines? poll done for the Philadelphia Research Initiative. The police point to better policing. When Michael When asked if they would be willing to pay high- Nutter became mayor last January, he made er taxes so the city could hire more police, 72 per- crime reduction a top priority, and his new police cent of respondents said “yes.” commissioner, Charles Ramsey, instituted a plan Policing is expensive. Each veteran officer can to target the highest-crime districts with addition- cost upwards of $100,000 a year, including salary, CHAPTER 2: al officers. fringe benefits and overtime.

Philadelphia is also part of a national trend of And the cost is borne almost entirely by the city declining crime in big cities that began in the late and its taxpayers. Over the years, state and feder- 1990s. The city’s drop in major crime between al funding for local law enforcement has been 2000 and 2007 was matched or exceeded by sporadic and relatively insignificant. The federal Detroit, Boston, Baltimore, Chicago and Wash- stimulus package, which does include some ington, D.C. money for public safety, may help for a while. But Ramsey and the mayor attributed the drop in in its efforts to make crime a smaller business, homicide—from 392 murders in 2007 to 333 in Philadelphia is largely on its own.

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HOMICIDES AND MAJOR CRIME

2.1 MAJOR CRIME NUMBERS 2.3 HOMICIDE AVERAGE PER YEAR

2000: 98,015 1970s 2001: 93,889 1980s 2002: 83,403

2003: 83,078 1990s

2004: 81,848 2000s 2005: 82,030 0 100 200 300 400 500 2006: 85,498

2007: 82,987 2.4 YOUNG AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES AS HOMICIDE VICTIMS

AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES AGED 15-29 2008: 81,956 ALL OTHER VICTIMS PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

32% 30% 39% 44%

2.2 HOMICIDES SINCE 1970 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s CRIME & PUNISHMENT

600 — 2.1 “Major crime” is defined by the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting standards as homicide, 503 500 — rape, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary, theft, TOTAL VICTIMS TOTAL motor vehicle theft and arson. 444 436 425 420 413 406 404 475 2.2 There are wide variations year to year in CHAPTER 2: 400 — 374

439 the number of homicides, but trends are evident 440 432 433 430 434 352 351 418 343 338 over time. The data shows that homicides peaked 338 333 330 332 392 319 385 at 503 in 1990 and have been in gradual decline 377 288 362 since then. 300 — 348 338 264 323 311 309

292 2.3 Despite a spike in homicides from 2005

273 through 2007, the overall number of homicides in 200 — this decade is still far below that of the 1990s.

2.4 Young African American males make up a growing proportion of homicide victims. A study done by a city task force in the 1990s showed that an argument was the cause in nearly one out of four cases of youth homicide. 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

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2.5 MAJOR CRIME 2.6 UNIFORMED POLICE SINCE 1970

PHILADELPHIA VS. COMPARABLE CITIES FILLED FULL-TIME POSITIONS

Per 10,000 Year Mayor Total Uniformed Residents 2007 Total 2000 to 2007 Percent City Major Crimes 2007 Major Crimes per 10,000 Population Change in Total Major Crimes

1970 James H.J. Tate 7,379 37.8

Detroit 78,010 851 -19% 1975 Frank L. Rizzo 8,127 45.3

1980 William J. Green III 7,425 44.0 Cleveland 33,460 764 3%

1985 W. Wilson Goode 7,057 43.2 Houston 147,890 670 12% 1990 W. Wilson Goode 6,221 39.3

Phoenix 100,984 651 4% 1995 Edward G. Rendell 6,140 40.6

2000 John F. Street 6,947 45.8 Baltimore 40,121 629 -39%

2005 John F. Street 6,469 44.2 Washington 35,643 606 -15% 2008 Michael A. Nutter 6,624 45.3

82,987 572 -15% Philadelphia 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA Chicago 159,590 563 -26%

Pittsburgh 17,388 559 -11% 2.7 CITY PRISON POPULATION

AVERAGE DAILY INMATE POPULATION Boston 31,416 524 -12%

10,000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 POPULATION

9,399 CRIME & PUNISHMENT

9,000 8,892

8,602 2.5 Among these big cities, Philadelphia’s 8,289 crime rate per 100,000 population ranks seventh. Most of the eastern cities on the list have seen 8,000 double-digit declines in major crime since 2000. CHAPTER 2: 7,916 7,818 2.6 The increase in the number of police 7,574 between 1995 and 2000 was due to a Clinton 7,397 administration initiative to use federal money to hire police. About 750 officers were added to the 7,000 force during that period. The number of officers 6,908 declined after the program ended in 2002.

2.7 Philadelphia’s jails are filled beyond capacity, with the number of inmates rising throughout this decade. There are no plans to build new prisons, though officials are looking at

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 alternatives to incarceration for low-level crimes.

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2.8 2008: CRIME AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN NUMBERS 2.10 2008: MAJOR CRIMES BY POLICE DISTRICT

TOTAL CRIMES 4 PHILADELPHIA POLICE OFFICERS KILLED IN THE LINE OF DUTY 333 HOMICIDES <1,000 1,000 – 2,000 – 3,000 – 4,000 – 5,000+ 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 590 COMPLAINTS FILED AGAINST POLICE 4,543 FIREARMS SEIZED BY

PHILADELPHIA POLICE 8,882 MOTOR VEHICLES REPORTED STOLEN TO POLICE 7 STENTON AVE 9,021 DRUG ARRESTS—CASES INVOLVING SELLERS 9,350 SERIOUS ASSAULTS

ROOSEVELT BLVD REPORTED TO POLICE 9,399 CITY PRISON POPULATION 10,018 CASES HAN- CHELTENHAM AVE 8

NORTHWESTERN AVE RHAWN ST DLED BY JUVENILE COURT 12,533 CITY CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYEES 14 WISTER ST 2 5 12,518 BURGLARIES REPORTED TO POLICE 14,054 CASES HANDLED BY 35 WAYNE ST

ROOSEVELT BLVD COMMON PLEAS COURT 15,285 PHILADELPHIA CONVICTS IN STATE PRISONS 15 39 25 48,052 PHILADELPHIA PROBATION AND PAROLE CASES 61,347 FRANKFORD CREEK

BROAD ST

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA LEHIGH AVE

OUTSTANDING FUGITIVE WARRANTS 79,306 ARRESTS FOR ALL CRIMINAL OFFENSES FRONT ST 24 22 LEHIGH AVE CITY AVE 92 MONTGOMERY AVE

Rank District Principal Neighborhood Total 19 23 10TH ST 26 16 1 15 Frankford 7,065 MARKET ST 2 18 West Phila. 4,939 6 3 25 Juniata Park/Feltonville 4,916 18 9 4 24 Kensington 4,861 49TH ST LOMBARD ST 2.9 POLL RESULTS BALTIMORE AVE 17 5 35 Olney 4,806 3 6 6 Center City/East 4,723 MOORE ST CRIME & PUNISHMENT TASKER ST 7 14 Germantown 4,701 The one or two things residents 8 12 Southwest Phila. 4,482 9 2 Oxford Circle 4,444 like least about Philadelphia: 4 10 9 Center City/West 4,100

COBB’S CREEK 12 1 BROAD ST 11 19 West Phila. 3,904 2.8 The sheer size of the criminal justice CRIME 45% 12 26 North Phila./East 3,376 PATROL RD system is reflected in these statistics. Add the DIRTY STREETS/TRASH 8% 13 39 Allegheny West 3,320 number of people in jail or on probation and CHAPTER 2: 14 8 Northeast Phila. 3,201 parole to the number of arrests for major TAXES/HIGH TAXES 6% crimes—and the result is equal to 10 percent 77 15 22 North Phila./West 3,108 of the city’s population. UNEMPLOYMENT/LACK OF JOBS 6% 16 4 South Phila./East 2,803 POLITICS/LACK OF INTEGRITY 6% 17 17 Point Breeze 2,672 2.9 To most citizens, crime is the biggest 18 16 West Phila. 2,274 downside of living in the city. In this January DRUGS/ALCOHOL 5% 2009 poll conducted for the Philadelphia 19 23 North Phila./East 2,135 Research Initiative, it ranked far and away as POOR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 5% 20 3 Bella Vista/Queen Village 1,917 the number one concern of citizens. POOR TRANSPORTATION 4% 21 7 Bustleton 1,789 2.10 Crime is not spread out evenly. Nearly NEGATIVE ATTITUDES 4% 22 1 South Phila/.West 1,682 60 percent of the major crimes are committed 23 5 Roxborough 1,301 in 10 of the city’s 25 police districts. 24 77 Phila. Airport 474 25 92 Fairmount Park 358 [ 22 ] [ 23 ] PEW_PhilaResIntWEB.qxd 3/27/09 11:40 AM Page 24

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE EDUCATION 4] [ 24 budget, more than 200,000 students and 315 schools. former Chicago superintendent Paul Vallas to take charge of a system with $2 billion Commission, which the state created and has controlled ever since, brought in district “distressed” and took over control of its operations. The new School Reform The transformation began in late 2001 when the state of Pennsylvania declared the and renewalperiod of reform in recent history. In this decade, the Philadelphia public schools have undergone the most sustained V schools use metal detectors at every entrance. the large high schools. To keep weapons out, those students, teachers and staff are reported in most of 2007–2008 academic year. Student assaults on other students was suspended at least once during the persistent problem; nearly one out of four high school three moves on to a four-year college. Discipline is a ing. Of those who do graduate, just over one out of 50 percent of students still drop out before graduat- There are reasons for their distress. As many as percent) in the last five years. become worse (32 percent) or remained the same (35 and the same number said schools had either the public schools rated them “only fair” or “poor,” poll, 67 percent of the respondents with children in grades. In a recent Philadelphia Research Initiative system best—public school parents—give it low read at basic levels. And the people who know most students still cannot do math or the reforms, lic schools has gone from disastrous to poor. Despite in the Philadelphia pub- say that student performance Another way to interpret those numbers, though, is to school level. with most of the gains coming at elementary- ered at least proficient in math, 49 percent in reading, more than doubled: nearly 45 percent were consid- cent in reading. Six years later, those numbers had ered proficient or better in math and less than 24 per- 2002, less than 20 percent of students were consid- by the standardized tests required by the state. In began to improve, as measuredStudent performance some of them offering specialized curricula. high schools, replacing them with smaller institutions, of doing away with some large and troubled general run some existing schools. It also began the process schools and brought to in private and non-profit firms ized curriculum across the system, promoted charter sizes, provided more money for textbooks, standard- During his tenure, the district lowered class dition of inertia and incremental change. allas moved to reverse the system’s long tra- CHAPTER 3 5] [ 25 dation that it needs. Philadelphia’s next generation the educational foun- unless city schools do a better job of giving And the percentage will not increase substantially chance of competing for the jobs future. that percentage starts to rise, the city will have little of adult Philadelphians had college degrees. Unless question about that. At last count, only 21 percent must have a well-educated workforce; there is no To attract the businesses of 21st century, any city be broken. escape the public schools if cycle of poverty is to city, parents seem to believe that their children must increase in the coming years. In many parts of them in the city, and the number is projected to more and more have opened. Today, there are 63 of independent schools has quadrupled since 2000 as district but not run by it. Enrollment in these quasi- tuition-free schools that are financed by the Philadelphia, but it has thrived here. These are The charter-school movement did not begin in ty of those choices varies widely. parents have some choices, too, although the quali- reached school age. Now, through charters, poorer schools or by moving out when their children ing from the city’s array of parochial and private delphians gave up on the system long ago, by choos- schools are. To a large degree, middle-class Phila- Philadelphia is not majority poor, but its public its children. system as currently constituted cannot educate all of superintendent is saying that the public education or convert them into charters. In effect, the new firms schools to outside over more low-performing turn would As part of her “Imagine 2014” plan, Ackerman controversy over budget deficits. 2008 after Vallas departed for New Orleans amid the career educator hiredbut by Arlene Ackerman, in lands for human potential,” not by an outside critic Some of the city’s schools have been called “waste-

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HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES

PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENT PERFORMANCE: 3.1 3.4 ON-TIME GRADUATION (IN FOUR YEARS) MATH AND READING

PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS CONSIDERED PROFICIENT OR ADVANCED IN THE PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS MATH READING 50% 2001 51% 49.0% 44.9%

44.8% 2002 40% 49% 41.9% 40.6%

38.1% 2003 %

37.4% 54 35.5%

30% 33.6%

2004 48% 28.6% 27.5%

2005 20% 23.9% 54% 21.6%

19.5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% PERCENT

10% PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA

0 3.5 GRADUATION WITHIN SIX YEARS

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

3.1 Philadelphia public school students have made progress in this decade in math and read- EDUCATION 75% ing. These results are from an annual, standardized 70% state test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA). Depending on their score, stu- PERCENT 65% 65% dents are listed as advanced, proficient, basic or 63% 60% below basic. 59% 3.2 Most parents with children in the Philadel - 55% phia public schools give the system poor marks. CHAPTER 3: 3.2 POLL RESULTS 3.3 POLL RESULTS 50% 50% These results are from a January 2009 Philadelphia Research Initiative poll.

40% 41% 3.3 These poll results can be seen as a vote How public school parents How parents think the quality of “no confidence” in the district, despite the rate the public schools in of public schools in the city has reforms of recent years. Only one out of four 30% public school parents believes the schools have Philadelphia: changed in the last five years: gotten better, while nearly one-third believe they have gotten worse. 20% EXCELLENT 6% FOR THE BETTER 27% 3.4 The odds of an incoming freshman finish- ing high school within four years are about 50-50 GOOD 22% FOR THE WORSE 32% in Philadelphia. Some students go on to graduate ONLY FAIR 35% STAYED THE SAME 35% 10% in five or six years, but thousands drop out without ever getting a degree. POOR 32% DON’T KNOW/REFUSED 6% MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE FEMALE MALE 3.5 As these data show, women are far more DON’T KNOW/REFUSED 5% 0% likely than men to eventually get a diploma. The AFRICAN ASIAN LATINO WHITE AMERICAN failure rate is highest among Latino males: of every 100 who enter high school, only 41 graduate.

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3.6 PERCENTAGE OF COLLEGE GRADUATES

PHILADELPHIA VS. COMPARABLE CITIES, 3.7 PER-PUPIL EXPENDITURE 3.9 PROFILE 3.10 SAT PERFORMANCE AMONG ADULTS OVER AGE 25 PHILADELPHIA VS. COMPARABLE CITIES, 2005-2006 SCHOOL YEAR BY SCHOOL, 2008

Washington 48% HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AVERAGE DISTRICT SPENDING PER STUDENT Philadelphia’s Public TAKING TEST SCORE

High Schools Masterman 121 1254 Boston $17,421 Central 521 1087 Boston 40% FOR THE 2007–2008 SCHOOL YEAR NATIONAL AVERAGE 1017 Pittsburgh $14,947 Creative and Performing Arts 137 952 Girls High 237 948 SCHOOLS Pittsburgh 32% Washington $13,446 58 Girard Academic Music Program 47 938 Bodine 106 938 Cleveland $11,073 50,449 STUDENTS Engineering and Science 201 929 Parkway Program Center City 104 859 Chicago 30% Baltimore $10,910 AVERAGE DAILY George Washington 242 857 Northeast 394 856 Detroit $10,576 16% ABSENTEE RATE Saul Agricultural 66 850

Houston % STUDENTS Franklin Learning Center 130 847 28 Chicago $9,282 12,229 SUSPENDED Motivation High School Program 31 840 Philadelphia Military Academy 63 799 Philadelphia $8,958 Parkway Program Northwest 61 794 National Average 28% SUSPENSION RATE Lincoln 132 788 San Francisco $8,215 24% Parkway Program West 80 786 WEAPONS Lankenau 49 779 Houston $7,472 324 VIOLATIONS Roxborough 129 774 Baltimore 24% Philadelphia High School for $0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 Business and Technology 29 746 Reported assaults by students Furness 73 735 • On other students 957 Phoenix Mastbaum Vo-Tech 137 733 PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA 24% • On teachers/administrators 200 Lamberton 71 732 3.8 ENROLLMENT TRENDS • On other staff 80 Swenson Arts and Technology 63 727 • On others 24 Bok Vo-Tech 103 722 Philadelphia 21% Frankford 153 721 TOTAL REPORTED William Penn 68 713 ASSAULTS 1,261 Franklin 84 710 EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS Fels 160 703 Cleveland 240 — 13% Germantown 114 702

(IN THOUSANDS) Olney West 47 702 220 — Kensington Business 53 702 205,200

201,189 South Philadelphia 121 700 Detroit 12% 197,083

200 — 192,683 Overbrook 211 700 189,779 ENROLLMENT West Philadelphia 694

183,628 71 CHAPTER 3: 179,881 Dobbins Vo-Tech 164 691 180 — 170,318 Edison 171 685 166,052 3.6 Only 21 percent of Philadelphia’s residents Communications Technology 70 679 over age 25 have college degrees. That percentage Olney East 57 679 is well below the national average and below the 3.9 This is an overall snapshot of the city high Sayre 50 673 percentage in most comparable cities. schools, but conditions vary widely from school to Paul Robeson Human Services 40 671 school. For instance, 80 percent of all assaults hap- University City 128 669 3.7 Since the state took over the district in 2001, pen in the city’s large, general high schools. Daily 60 — Martin Luther King 155 669 state and local aid to the public schools has increas- CHARTER SCHOOLS attendance at the city’s magnet and niche schools is Vaux 39 663 ed. Still, Philadelphia ranks low in per-pupil spend- consistently better than the system-wide average. Randolph Vo-Tech 46 661 ing compared to comparable big-city districts. 40 — 31,918 29,245 27,954 3.10 These scores on the math and verbal por- Kensington Creative and Performing Arts 27 660 25,613 3.8 Public school enrollment has gone down 21,981 tions of the SAT Reasoning Test, taken by many 18,955 Kensington Culinary Arts 18 652 14,711 by nearly 40,000 since the decade began. Some 20 — 12,284 college applicants, are from 2008; the rankings Gratz 196 649 of this reflects declining birth rates and the 7,974 in previous years are much the same. Only two Fitzsimons 21 648 continued departure of families from the city. But public high schools, Central and Masterman, Carroll 14 645 much of it can be traced to the migration of chil- 0 — consistently perform above the national average, dren from public to charter schools. There are 61 and students must take entrance exams to gain Bartram 152 641 charters operating in the city with another seven admission to these schools. In some high schools, Young Women’s Leadership School 44 639 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 due to open this year. only a relative handful of students take the SAT. Strawberry Mansion 66 631

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE GOVERNMENT CITY 0] [ 30 beyond his control. make government work better. But Nutter’s focus quickly changed, due to factors ability, and recruit a team of professional managers, some with national reputations, to that he would end “pay-to-play” politics, put renewed emphasis on ethics and account- Michael Nutter wanted the theme of his first year at helm to be reform. He had said responsive. cleaner,took office pledging to make city government greener, more efficient and For Philadelphia, 2008 began as a year of promise, as a popular new mayor W finite resources. was the growing tug of other demands on the city’s seemed to take its place—but mostly the problem down, another city—for every derelict building torn due to the harsh realities of life in an old and poor had come to expect. Some of those difficulties were difficult to provide city services at the levels citizens During those eight years, it had become increasingly plowed of snow. cars towed, derelict buildings demolished, streets ed chief who measured his success in abandoned He was a service-orient- or operation of government. had made few fundamental changes in the structure 2007, had left his successor with a small surplus but John Street, who served as mayor from 2000 through contracts in the 1970s. relations by clauses first inserted into were governed rules in some city departments. Labor-management modernity, is a half-century old. Patronage hiring still 500,000 residents. The City Charter, once a model of previous 50 years, despite the loss of more than that has not changed much over the city government Philadelphia has entered this difficult period with a about taxes, spending and jobs. fall had emerged, forcing even tougher choices city officials said that another $1 billion budget short- promised cuts in wage and business taxes. By winter, through spending reductions and the suspension of lion budget gap over the next five years; he closed it ly. Nutter announced that the city was facing a $1 bil- By fall, the recession worsened, nationally and local- sales began to contract. began to decline as business profits and real estate Tax revenues that were expected to grow et into law, the economy began to fade. eeks after the mayor signed his first budg- CHAPTER 4 1] [ 31 year for Philadelphia and its government. citizens for public services make 2009 a daunting employee benefits and the continued demands of The wounded economy, the rise in cost of better than it has the last few years. pension fund’s investment portfolio does not perform digits, as they often have in the last decade, or if medical insurance costs continue to rise by double by 2013. And that figure could go higher if ernment take 29 cents out of every dollar spent by city gov- thing changes, fringe benefit costs are projected to including those for employee benefits. Unless some- power to cut so that he can pay the bills must, have to trim those spending items that he has the the recession making the choices more stark. He will Looking ahead, Nutter faces a similar dilemma, with ation and libraries—were lower in 2008 than 2001. services—parks, street repair, trash collection, recre- central bureaucracy and its neighborhood-based hit. Adjusted for inflation, the budgets of city’s As a result, much of the rest of city operations took a mostly associated with a rising prison population. grams for the poor; and spending on public safety, special projects; expanded health and welfare pro- build two new professional sports stadiums and other living included debt service costs on bonds sold to Other areas that grew more quickly than the cost of figure had risen to 25 cents on the dollar. for employee benefits. By John Street’s last year, the dollar spent by the city from general taxes had gone Ed Rendell’s last year as mayor, 18 cents out of every ees and contributions to their pension funds. In 1999, benefits, principally health insurance for city employ- million went for increases in the cost of employee inflation by about $500 million. Of that total, $400 Under Street, the growth in city spending outpaced

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CITY GOVERNMENT: THE BASICS

4.3 2008: CITY TAXES 4.4 CITY SPENDING CITY SPENDING CATEGORIES 4.1 CITY SPENDING: CHANGE BETWEEN 2001 AND 2008 BY SOURCE BY CATEGORY SUBSIDIES & CENTRAL Office of Behavioral SHOWN IN RELATION TO INFLATION PAYMENTS BUREAUCRACY Health/Mental Retardation Services NET PROFITS TAX DEBT SERVICE 4% Art Museum Subsidy Board of Revision of Community College Taxes Office of Supportive EMPLOYEE 1% Housing (Homeless) 71% ▲ SUBSIDIES & PAYMENTS 6% Subsidy City Controller BENEFITS NEIGHBORHOOD- Office of Housing % Convention Center City Commissioners BASED SERVICES 6 Subsidy (Elections) & Community HEALTH & SOCIAL 17% ▲ Development SERVICES Finance—PGW City Council Rental Reimbursement Department of BUSINESS CENTRAL BUREAUCRACY 10% City Treasurer Public Health OVERALL CITY Finance—School 14% ▲ PRIVILEGE TAXES Commerce—City Rep SPENDING District Subsidy 16% & Operations EMPLOYEE BENEFITS Public Property— Finance—Operations Employee Disability DEBT SERVICE 11% ▲ SEPTA Subsidy Fleet Management Social Security Law Department Payments HEALTH & SOCIAL SERVICES 20% NEIGHBORHOOD- ▲ REAL ESTATE TAX SUBSIDIES 9% WAGE TAX BASED SERVICES Licenses & Inspections Group Legal & Life Insurance 55% 14% Fairmount Park Managing Director Free Library of Mayor’s Office Health/Medical PUBLIC SAFETY 3% ▲ Philadelphia Personnel Pension Contribution Mayor—Mural Arts Procurement Unemployment NEIGHBORHOOD- -12% ▼ 7% Program Compensation BASED SERVICES Public Property EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 25% Recreation Records PUBLIC SAFETY CENTRAL 5% Streets Department— -16% ▼ Register of Wills Fire Department BUREAUCRACY 3% Roads Revenue Department REAL ESTATE Streets Department— Police Department TRANSFER TAX Sanitation First Judicial District -20% 0 20% 40% 60% MISC. TAXES HEALTH & District Attorney SALES TAX— SOCIAL SERVICES CITY SHARE Department of Prison System PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA Human Services Sheriff PUBLIC SAFETY 29%

4.1 The city’s budget totaled $2.8 billion in 2001. 4.2 POLL RESULTS If it had gone up only at the rate of inflation it would total $3.4 billion today. Instead, it is over $3.9 billion. What areas rose more rapidly than the cost of inflation? The biggest was employee benefits, which outpaced How Philadelphians rate inflation by 71 percent. Once inflation is factored in, spending in two categories has declined significantly quality of services: 4.5 REDUCTION IN CITY since 2001—the central bureaucracy and neighbor-

EMPLOYEES SINCE 2001 hood-based city services. CITY GOVERNMENT BY CATEGORY 4.2 Citizen satisfaction with city services varies -4% ▼ greatly. Seventy-one percent of Philadelphians give an 15,000 “excellent” or “good” grade to trash collection, while EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR ONLY POOR DON’T KNOW/ REFUSED only 33 percent give those grades to the job done on TRASH COLLECTION 20% 51% 20% 9% 1% street repairs. These results are drawn from a Phila- delphia Research Initiative public opinion survey done PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 20% 47% 24% 6% 3% in January 2009. CHAPTER 4: LIBRARY SERVICES 20% 45% 17% 11% 7% 10,000

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 4.3 The wage tax rates, imposed on those who live AVAILABILITY OF and/or work in the city, have been declining gradually HEALTH SERVICES 18% 42% 21% 14% 4% for more than a decade. Even so, the tax remains among the highest in the nation and still accounts for POLICE PROTECTION 15% 40% 30% 12% 3% well over half of the tax revenue generated by the city.

SENIOR CITIZEN 5,000 ▼ 4.4 Public safety consumes 29 cents out of every PROGRAMS & FACILITIES 14% 36% 21% 7% 22% ▼ -14% -11% -1% ▼ dollar spent by city government. The cost of employee PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS & fringe benefits comes in a close second. The list of “city government spending categories” explains how various RECREATION FACILITIES 13% 35% 30% 18% 4% items were classified for the calculations.

STREET REPAIR & 2001 2008 2001 2008 2001 2008 2001 2008 0 4.5 The number of city employees has declined MAINTENANCE 6% 27% 35% 32% 0% CENTRAL PUBLIC SAFETY HEALTH & SOCIAL NEIGHBORHOOD- since 2001, with the biggest declines in two categories: BUREAUCRACY SERVICES BASED SERVICES the central bureaucracy and neighborhood-based services. Sixty-three out of every 100 city employees work in the public safety sector. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] PEW_PhilaResIntWEB.qxd 3/27/09 11:40 AM Page 34

4.6 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS: AVERAGE COST PER EMPLOYEE

Mayor ED RENDELL JOHN STREET MICHAEL NUTTER

$50,000 —

$40,000 —

AVERAGE BENEFITS COST BENEFITS AVERAGE $30,000 — $ 38,626 $ 42,668 $ 39,946 $ 40,619 $ 46,229 $ 47,092 $ 48,631 $ 20,011 $ 19,603 $ 19,944 $ 22,035 $ 25,734 $ 30,789 $ 33,296

$20,000 —

FISCAL YEAR 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Projected Projected Projected Projected

TOTAL $493,790,808 $483,280,726 $486,874,583 $540,605,384 $598,854,184 $704,732,847 $760,222,998 $890,330,539 $986,110,876 $982,072,833 $1,000,110,344 $1,134,219,316 $1,155,412,275 $1,193,691,336 BENEFITS COST PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA

4.7 GENERAL FUND OVERTIME COSTS 4.8 POLL RESULTS

How Philadelphians rate the city and their neighborhoods $175 — (IN MILLIONS) as places to live:

COST 167,173,893

THE CITY THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD CITY GOVERNMENT EXCELLENT 18% 25% 152,006,547 $150 — GOOD 44% 40%

ONLY FAIR 28% 27% 4.6 In Ed Rendell’s last year as mayor, employ- POOR 9% 8% ee benefits consumed 18 cents of every dollar in the city budget. By 2008, the figure was 25 cents 134,388,339 DON'T KNOW 1% — on the dollar. It is projected to reach 29 cents in CHAPTER 4: 2013. The two biggest components in the rise are $125 — 125,599,670 the cost of health care and the contributions the 121,825,171 city must make to employee pension funds.

4.7 Overtime is another piece of the budget 109,035,610 that has risen significantly since 2001. Two departments account for 60 percent of all over- 105,123,385 time costs: police and prisons. $100 — 97,025,973 4.8 More than 62 percent of the city’s residents rate Philadelphia as a “good” or “excellent” place to live. Sixty-five percent give those high grades to their own neighborhood. These results are from the Philadelphia Research Initia- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 tive’s January 2009 survey.

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE 4.9 TICKETS ISSUED TRASH COLLECTED 86,120,300 1,169,288 553,796 RUNS EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES 14,088 POTHOLES REPAIRED 4,161 2 COLLECTED CLEANED OF GRAFFITI PLANTED ALONG STREETS CITY SERVICES BY THE NUMBERS PRISON ESCAPES CHILD ABUSE REPORTS 75,804 ABANDONED VEHICLES TOWED PARTICIPANTS IN ATHLETIC PROGRAMS 7,037,694 ATTENDANCE AT SWIMMING POOLS 74 1,128,928 152,442 GALLONS OF WATER USED 12,453 MILES OF CITY-OWNED ROADS RESURFACED STORM DRAINS CLEANED 1,800 5,956 323,121 6] [ 36 PERMITS AND LICENSES ISSUED STOLEN VEHICLES RECOVERED BY POLICE BUILDING FIRES ITEMS BORROWED FROM LIBRARIES CALLS TO CITY HALL SWITCHBOARD VEHICLES IN CITY FLEET 51,326 VISITS TO CITY HEALTH CENTERS 111,000 1,610,000 730,143 2,470 TONS OF RECYCLING 215,305 869 12,326 PROPERTIES AUTOPSIES TONS OF PARKING TREES

TOTAL RIDES (IN MILLIONS) 4.10 250 — 275 — 300 — 25 — 30 — 35 — Regional Rail A GROWING TRANSPORTATION SECTOR SEPTA RIDERSHIP ONE-WAY RIDES PER YEAR 2000 26,885,170 City Transit 255,462,244

2001 29,436,672 256,892,305

2002 28,670,985 249,346,503

2003 28,058,238 252,164,895

2004 28,246,136 254,453,026

2005 28,632,676 251,887,150

2006 30,433,631 247,957,108 7] [ 37

2007 31,711,873 256,119,715

2008 35,450,395 269,556,117 flying in and out of Philadelphia. after May 2004 when Southwest Airlines started passengers a week. The biggest increases came cent since 2000. The airport averages 600,000 Airport has gone up nearly 30 per- International 4.11 and trains. ed commuters to use buses, trolleys, subways in 2007 as the rise cost of gasoline prompt- decade, SEPTA ridership bumped up beginning 4.10 the volume of work each year is daunting. million is no easy task. As these numbers show, 4.9 4.11 Traffic at the city-owned Philadelphia After holding steady for most of the Providing services to a city of nearly 1.5 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 er Arriving & Departing Year PASSENGERS AIRPORT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PHILADELPHIA 31,822,001 32,211,439 31,768,272 31,495,385 28,507,420 24,671,075 24,799,470 23,953,052 24,918,276 Passengers

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE CULTURE ARTS & 8] [ 38 tional 14,000 working as volunteers. revenue approaching $1 billion a year and employ nearly 10,000 people, with an addi- Taken together, the more than 200 arts and cultural institutions within the city limits have it as a major corporation. The arts and culture scene in Philadelphia is so vast that it tempting to imagine I Benjamin Franklin, of course. the Declaration of Independence. It was founded by tion in America, goes back to 1731, 45 years before Company of Philadelphia, the oldest cultural institu- ating for 45 years or more. For instance, the Library organizations, nearly one out of four has been oper- enjoy long and fruitful lives. Of all the city’s cultural Despite these financial challenges, many groups recession makes it as hard as it has ever been. for outside dollars is never- ending, and the current the city, The search state and federal governments. and corporate donors, charitable foundations, elsewhere. Half of the money comes from individual income from gift shops. So help must come from expenses through ticket sales, membership fees and These groups aren’t able to pay for all of their small cash balances. groups ended their fiscal years with deficits or only examined for this study, about 40 percent of the expenses often exceed their income. In the period For them, raising money is a struggle, and their $500,000; this is typical of the city’s non-profit sector. Nearly 6 out of 10 have annual budgets under Zoo. Most of them, though, are quite small. Philadelphia Museum of Art, and the them are large, like the Philadelphia Orchestra, the tion of non-profit groups and institutions. A few of in the usual sense. Rather, it is a highly diverse collec- Of course, arts and culture is not a big business, children who came on class trips. who attended events for free and another 1.6 million And that number does not include 5.1 million people Philadelphia’s arts and cultural events had 6.3 million. drew about 5 million paying customers while instance, the Eagles, Flyers, Phillies and 76ers the city’s four major sports teams. In 2007, for n any given year, these organizations outdraw CHAPTER 5 9] [ 39 not appear to be in jeopardy. hard times. But Philadelphia’s rich cultural mix does Some of these groups may fall victim to economic 2007 for 149 others. available was used, from 2006 for 75 groups and the city proper. In each case, the most recent data The analysis covers 224 non-profit groups located in sis is the work of Philadelphia Research Initiative. supplied by the Cultural Data Project, but the analy- in this chapter is taken from data The information Council on the Arts. Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council and the Pennsylvania the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance, the Penn Foundation, Pittsburgh Foundation, the William Pew Charitable Trusts, The Heinz Endowments, Cultural Data Project, a collaborative effort of The changed with the creation of the Pennsylvania about these groups. That information uniform years past. Until recently, there was no way to obtain cultural institutions, taken as a whole, compares to It is hard to know how the condition of Philadelphia’s cities can match. ured in dollars and cents—and ways that few other the city a richer place in ways that cannot be meas- makes this of their donations and patronage. All and cultural assets through their volunteer efforts, with thousands working to sustain Philadelphia’s arts The same kind of communal spirit continues today, existence. to name a few of the institutions he helped bring into and the nation’s first hospital and insurance company, fire company, the American Philosophical Society, how he founded the Library Company, the city’s first banding together to advance a worthy cause. It was called community action—a collection of citizens Franklin was a master practitioner of what is today

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THE CULTURAL RICHNESS OF PHILADELPHIA 5.3 EMPLOYEES AND VOLUNTEERS

FULL- AND PART-TIME BY CATEGORY STAFF VOLUNTEERS

ART GROUPS & 279 SCHOOLS 477 5.1 2007: TOTAL ATTENDANCE AT ARTS AND CULTURAL EVENTS ARTS & CULTURE 327 SERVICE 1,492 ORGANIZATIONS 54 CRAFTS COMPARED TO SPORTS ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCE BY CATEGORY AND NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS 284

344 DANCE 582 TOTAL: 13,025,284 21

(IN MILLIONS) HORTICULTURE/ FESTIVALS 400 ZOOS: SCHOOL 6 CHILDREN 1,823,635 FILM & 295 12.0 1,632,917 MUSIC: 30 BROADCAST 985 ATTENDANCE ATTENDANCE 1,729,913 HISTORICAL 176 GROUPS & SITES 288

HORTICULTURE/ 618 MUSEUMS: 41 THEATER: 36 ZOOS 2,067 4,659,464 1,171,793 2,950 MUSEUMS 2,902 CRAFTS: 7 922,175 2,112 MUSIC 9.0 2,428 UNPAID 2,378 THEATER 5,113,180 1,856 FILM & HISTORICAL BROADCAST: 5 GROUPS & SITES: 13 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 29,865 800,208 PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA FESTIVALS: 6 ART GROUPS & SCHOOLS: 18 696,483 5.4 PHILADELPHIA’S CULTURAL HERITAGE… 335,671 DANCE: 30 481,402

6.0 ARTS & CULTURE SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS: 32 374,675 TOTAL: 5,053,954

EAGLES

5.2 POLL RESULTS 76ERS 5.1 The number of people attending arts and cultural events was more than double the number 1731 who attended games held by the city’s four major FLYERS The Library Company Rating of Philadelphia as professional sports teams. The film and broadcast PAID of Philadelphia attendance count is limited to live events held at 3.0 6,279,187 a place to experience radio and television stations. Many organizations do not charge admission. 1764 The German Society of 5.2 Philadelphians give very high grades to Pennsylvania the city’s arts and culture scene, with 86 percent EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR ONLY POOR DON’T KNOW/ REFUSED PHILLIES saying it is “good” or “excellent.” This is higher CULTURE 50% 36% 8% 2% 4% than the 81 percent who give similar marks to the SUCH AS MUSEUMS pro sports teams. AND THE ARTS // 5.3 Museums are the largest employer group, ENTERTAINMENT 38% 40% 14% 4% 5% with 2,950 full- and part-time employees, follow- 1730 1740 1750 1760 ARTS & CULTURE ARTS SPORTS PROFESSIONAL ed by theaters with close to 2,400 employees. A 0 SUCH AS LIVE MUSIC, list of all groups by category is included in the THEATER AND MOVIES notes at the end of this report. 1743 PROFESSIONAL 44% 37% 11% 2% 6% 5.4 There are 26 existing cultural institutions American Philosophical SPORTS CONTINUED ➡ that date back more than 100 years, a remarkably Society rich legacy from previous generations.

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5.6 REVENUE 5.7 ENDOWMENTS

BY CATEGORY BY SIZE 5.5 EXPENSES TOTAL: $962,880,049 4 ORGANIZATIONS $100 MILLION & ABOVE BY SIZE OF ANNUAL BUDGET TOTAL: $794,379,947

Number CONTRIBUTIONS: Expenses of Groups Total Spent INDIVIDUALS & 4 ORGANIZATIONS CORPORATIONS $50 MILLION – $99.99 MILLION 22 ORGANIZATIONS $1 MILLION – $9.99 MILLION $359,446,500 $172,397,947 TOTAL: $269,043,906 $20 MILLION & ABOVE 9 TOTAL: $82,933,655 TICKET SALES, $10 MILLION – $19.99 MILLION 9 $125,664,253 ADMISSIONS FEES 8 ORGANIZATIONS & OTHER FOUNDATIONS $20 MILLION – $49.99 MILLION EARNED REVENUE $119,852,520 TOTAL: $251,108,040 $5 MILLION – $9.99 MILLION 8 $56,527,080 36 ORGANIZATIONS $482,665,153 UNDER $499,000 4 ORGANIZATIONS TOTAL: $4,818,054 $1 MILLION – $4.99 MILLION 36 $94,257,878 $10 MILLION – $19.99 MILLION TOTAL: $70,429,215 $500,000 – $999,999 32 $22,600,102

136 ORGANIZATIONS $100,000 – $499,999 41 $13,107,846 NO ENDOWMENT GOVERNMENT $0 – $99,999 89 $6,784,686 $100,004,795

OTHER SUPPORT 10 ORGANIZATIONS 0 $5 $10 $15 $20 $25 $30 $35 $500,000 – $999,999 (IN TENS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS) $87,959,634 TOTAL: $6,715,176 PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA

…INCLUDES MANY INSTITUTIONS FOUNDED OVER 100 YEARS AGO ARTS & CULTURE ARTS

1887 1805 1876 Univ. of Penn. Museum 1809 1824 1856 Pennsylvania Academy Philadelphia of Archaeology and Walnut Street Theatre The Franklin Institute The Mütter Museum of the Fine Arts Museum of Art Anthropology 5.5 There are large groups and institutions that spend millions each year, but most arts and 1855 1875 1884 1893 1908 culture organizations are small: 58 percent spend CHAPTER 5: Wagner Free Institute Gershman The Design Center John Bartram Settlement Music less than $500,000 a year. of Science YMHA at Phila. University Association School — 5.6 Ticket sales, admission fees and other rev- Temple Univ. Music enue-producing efforts provide 50 percent of the revenue of these organizations. The rest comes Preparatory Division from government and other sources, which // include special events, contributions from parent organizations and other public contributions. 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 5.7 Endowments and investments total nearly $1.5 billion; the four institutions with the largest endowments account for 54 percent of 1812 1814 1827 1848 1870 1898 1900 1859 1874 that total. Sixty percent of the organizations have The Academy of Athenaeum of The Pennsylvania Moore College of The University of Samuel S. Fleisher Philadelphia The Philadelphia Zoo Mendelssohn Club no endowments. Every $1 million in endowment Natural Sciences Philadelphia Horticultural Society Art and Design the Arts Art Memorial Orchestra can provide $50,000 or more a year to help pay — for operating costs. 1871 1888 Fairmount Park Art [ 42 ] Civil War Museum [ 43 ] Association PEW_PhilaResIntWEB.qxd 3/27/09 11:40 AM Page 44

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE HEALTH & WELFARE 4] [ 44 even make it to modest. These people live in poverty. day Philadelphians are of modest means and nearly one out four residents doesn’t There are pockets of affluence—the city even has its share of the super-rich—but every- declarative sentence. Philadelphia has a lot of poor people. All of the data on wages and wealth in city can be boiled down to a single M acronyms, from Aid to Families with Dependent rary. Along the way, welfare changed names and to tempo- assistance from permanent government basic Clinton-era welfare which transformed reforms, dramatically. This is due, at least in part, to the gone up, the number on welfare has declined While the number of poor people in city has and Cleveland. third in the percentage of poor, behind only Detroit Among 10 comparable cities, Philadelphia ranked in 2007, more than one-third of them children. estimated the number of local poor at 328,057 the city has risen by 21 percent. The Census Bureau In this decade, the number of people in poverty poverty than climbing out. Philadelphia, more people seem to be falling into an illness prevents someone from working. In from his job, a mother has her hours cut back, changes in their circumstances—a father is laid off inevitable that some fall into poverty through Since so many live close to the edge, it is ing alone or elderly people on fixed incomes. whether they be families, single mothers, adults liv- hood has its share of lower-income households— in a few sections of the city. every neighbor- Virtually than that $35,000 median. And they are not isolated Half of Philadelphia’s households have incomes less for a four-member family. above the poverty line, which is about $22,000 a year poor” because its gross income is not that much would be categorized as “working poor” or “near tle more than $500 a week after taxes. This family Combined, the couple’s take-home pay would be lit- year—not much above the minimum wage. each parent working at a job that pays $17,500 ine such a household: think of family four, with a year as of 2007. Here’s one way to imag- the U.S. Census Bureau at just over $35,000 edian household income was estimated by CHAPTER 6 5] [ 45 ty to generate jobs for its residents. reduce the poverty rate—are directly tied to its abili- health and welfare—and its ability to long-term than drugs and crime. They understand that the city’s most serious problem in their neighborhoods, more residents said that the lack of job opportunities is In a poll taken for the Philadelphia Research Initiative, them in poverty. can jeopardize their jobs and land which in turn which increases the odds that they will become ill, Philadelphians lack health insurance of any kind, city has so many, do not. More and more Medicaid program. But the near poor, of whom the fy for free medical coverage through the federal Many of those who fall below the poverty line quali- not easy to break. they will grow up to be poor. The cycle of poverty is are more likely to drop out, which increases the odds Poor children tend to under-perform in school and of crime and, conversely, the perpetrators of crime. in poor neighborhoods are more likely to be victims Poverty has other downsides as well. Those who live appears to be on the rise. obese and 27 percent smoke, a percentage that Consider that 64 percent of adults are overweight or Philadelphia is not the picture of good health. centage of elderly residents than other big cities— For those reasons—and because it has a higher per- likely to have diabetes or high blood pressure. have low-birthweight babies. Poor people are more dren to have asthma. Poor mothers are more likely to dren in Philadelphia are more likely than other chil- among them poor health and nutrition. Poor chil- Poverty is associated with an array of other problems, 95,000 receiving TANF. AFDC in Philadelphia. In 2008, there were only were enacted, there were nearly 312,000 people on Families (TANF). In 1995, a year before the reforms Children (AFDC) to Temporary Assistance for Needy

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PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE

PEOPLE (IN THOUSANDS) 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 6.2 6.1 275 300 325 350 010102020300 250 200 150 100 50 0 RECIPIENTS 0020 0220 0420 062007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 POVERTY SINCE 2000 PHILADELPHIA CITY WELFARE CASELOAD 271,530 (IN THOUSANDS)

283,647

293,375

290,628

309,297

339,111

347,347 6] [ 46

328,057 6.3 Totals OSHL NOE IN 2000 BY ZIP CODE HOUSEHOLD INCOME 90 Center City – Society Hill Chestnut Hill 19106 Northeast – Torresdale North 19118 Northwest – Wadsworth 19154 Roxborough 19150 Mount Airy 19128 Northeast – Bustleton South 19119 Manayunk 19116 Northeast – Torresdale South 19127 Northeast – Boulevard 19114 South Fairmount 19149 Northeast – Fox Chase 19130 Northeast – Bustleton North 19111 Northeast – Bustleton 19115 Center City West 19152 Eastwick 19103 East Falls 19153 Center City West 19129 Northeast – Holmesburg 19102 Oak Lane 19136 South Phila. – Bella Vista 19126 Northeast – Tacony 19147 Overbrook 19135 East Germantown 19151 Northeast – Bridesburg 19138 Olney 19137 North Phila. – West Park 19120 Logan 19131 Kensington 19141 Northeast – Frankford 19125 Germantown 19124 South Phila. – East 19144 South Phila. – West 19148 SW Phila. – Paschall 19145 South Phila. – Schuylkill 19142 SW Phila. – Kingsessing 19146 Center City – Wash. Square 19143 Liberties North Phila. – Northern 19107 Port Richmond 19123 West Phila. – West Market $75,000 19134 $30,000 – North Phila. – Spring Garden 19139 Nicetown 19122 North Phila. – West 19140 Under West Phila. – University City 19132 North Fairmount 19104 North Phila. – East 19121 19133 Neighborhood Zip 3,0 7,9 & Over $74,999 $30,000 49% 18% 21% 25% 30% 32% 32% 34% 34% 35% 38% 39% 39% 39% 40% 41% 41% 42% 42% 42% 43% 44% 44% 44% 45% 47% 47% 50% 51% 52% 52% 53% 54% 55% 56% 56% 57% 58% 62% 63% 63% 64% 66% 68% 71% 71% 76% 8 13% 38% 0 42% 40% 26% 40% 18% 39% 23% 49% 28% 52% 22% 46% 23% 41% 18% 44% 14% 42% 21% 47% 17% 48% 21% 40% 17% 44% 25% 39% 16% 43% 18% 35% 26% 43% 14% 40% 16% 32% 19% 44% 13% 42% 12% 37% 11% 43% 11% 43% 10% 44% 13% 42% 9% 42% 8% 37% 10% 40% 12% 40% 10% 38% 11% 34% 7% 36% 10% 34% 9% 37% 11% 34% 8% 34% 6% 31% 6% 30% 6% 31% 6% 31% 5% 30% 6% 29% 4% 27% 5% 23% 24% 19% OVERBROOK 19151 ROXBOROUGH MANAYUNK 19128 SW PHILA. – PASCHALL WEST MARKET WEST PHILA. – PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH INCOME UNDER $30,000 EASTWICK 19142 NORTH PHILA. – 19153 KINGSESSING 19127 Less than 19139 SW PHILA. – WEST PARK 0 03%40–49% 30–39% 30% 19143 19131 CHESTNUT HILL 19118 WEST PHILA. – UNIVERSITY MOUNT AIRY 19104 CITY 19119 SOUTH PHILA. – EAST FALLS PHILA. – SCHUYLKILL SOUTH 19145 WEST 19129 GERMANTOWN POVERTY IN PHILADELPHIA FAIRMOUNT 19146 NORTHWEST – WADSWORTH NORTH PHILA. – NORTH 19121 FAIRMOUNT 19144 19150 SOUTH 19102 & 19130 19103 19132 WEST GERMANTOWN

19138 EAST SOUTH PHILA. – 19107 19147 19148 EAST NICETOWN 19123 LOGAN 19141 19140 19122 19106 PHILA. – OAK LANE NORTH 19133 EAST 19126 7] [ 47 50–59% 19125 OLNEY 19120

PORT RICHMOND CENTER CITY – SOCIETY HILL CENTER CITY – WASH. SQUARE CENTER CITY – WEST SOUTH PHILA. – BELLA VISTA

19134

More than NORTHEAST – FRANKFORD NORTH PHILA. – NORTHERN LIBERTIES 60%

19124 households earning below $30,000 in 2000. households earning The chart and map show the concentration of household income for the city has risen to $35,431. in the city was $30,746. Since then, median census; at the time, median household income 6.3 ed in a significant decline cases. that went into effectreforms in 1996 have result- caseloads was 1995. The Clinton-era welfare 6.2 2000 and 2007. poverty in Philadelphia rose 21 percent between the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of people in ued to rise. According to these estimates from the decade, number of poor people contin- 6.1 NORTHEAST – FOX CHASE NORTHEAST – BRIDESBURG 19111 NORTH PHILA. – SPRING GARDEN 19137 NORTHEAST – BOULEVARD This data by zip code is from the 2000 The peak year in the city for welfare Despite a strong economy during most of 19149

KENSINGTON NORTHEAST – BUSTLETON SOUTH TACONY 19135 NORTHEAST – NORTHEAST – BUSTLETON

19152 19116 BUSTLETON NORTH HOLMESBURG NORTHEAST – NORTHEAST – 19136 19115 TORRESDALE SOUTH NORTHEAST – 19114 TORRESDALE NORTH NORTHEAST – 19154

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THE UNINSURED

6.4 POVERTY RATE

PHILADELPHIA VS. COMPARABLE CITIES 6.6 PEOPLE WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE IN PHILADELPHIA

City 2007 Population Percent in Poverty

Detroit 916,952 32.5%

Cleveland 438,042 29.7% 7.8% 10.2% 12.3% 11.9% 13.2% Philadelphia 1,449,634 24.5%

Pittsburgh 311,218 22.2%

Houston 2,208,180 21.8% 20002002 2004 2006 2008

Chicago 2,836,658 21.0%

Baltimore 637,455 20.7% 6.7 THE UNINSURED BY NEIGHBORHOODS Washington 588,292 18.8%

Phoenix 1,552,259 17.3% CITYWIDE AVERAGE: 13.2%

Boston 599,351 16.7%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA UPPER NORTHEAST 8.7%

6.5 POLL RESULTS GERMANTOWN/ OLNEY/ % CHESTNUT HILL OAK LANE 8.3 LOWER NORTHEAST 10.0% Percentage of Philadelphians who 15.6% 12.5% ROXBOROUGH/ believe the following are “very” MANAYUNK

UPPER NORTH & WELFARE HEALTH or “somewhat” serious problems PHILADELPHIA in their neighborhood: 24.3% BRIDESBURG/ KENSINGTON/ 6.4 Philadelphia was one of the seven cities PORT RICHMOND LACK OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES 70% LOWER NORTH on this list where the poverty rate increased PHILADELPHIA % between 2000 and 2007. CRIME 64% WEST 15.0 PHILADELPHIA 11.0% 6.5 Lack of jobs trumps crime, drugs and high

DRUGS 63% CHAPTER 6: 12.7% taxes as problems in the neighborhoods. This is HIGH TAXES 62% from a poll taken for the Philadelphia Research 3.5% Initiative in January 2009. YOUTH & JUVENILE PROBLEMS 56% CENTER CITY 6.6 The number of Philadelphian without QUALITY OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS 56% health insurance rose by more than two-thirds PHYSICAL CONDITION during this decade. These figures are based on SOUTH surveys done by the Public Health Management OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD 43% PHILADELPHIA Corporation (PHMC). Nationally, 15.3 percent of AIR QUALITY 34% 17.8% Americans have no health insurance. PUBLIC TRANSIT 22% SOUTHWEST 6.7 The number of people without health PHILADELPHIA ETHNIC & RACIAL PROBLEMS 21% insurance varies widely from neighborhood to 14.6% neighborhood. The problem is concentrated in working-class and poor areas.

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THE HEALTH OF PHILADELPHIA

CHILDREN 6.10 CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS 6.11 WITH ASTHMA

ADULTS IN PHILADELPHIA WITH HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIABETES IN PHILADELPHIA

6.8 OVERWEIGHT IN PHILADELPHIA HIGH BP DIABETES DATA FOR 2008 26%

25% 31% 2000

35% PERCENT 35% 34% 9% 21% 32% PERCENT 33% 20% 30% 29% 2002 10%

16% 25% 30% 2004 15% 11%

20% 12% 34% 2006 12% 10% 15%

36% 2008 10% 13% 5% 32% NAT’L 5% AVG 8% POOR NOT POOR POOR NOT POOR NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL 0% 0% PERCENT 2000 2008 OVERWEIGHT OBESE

6.9 SMOKING IN PHILADELPHIA: ON THE RISE 6.12 AIDS IN PHILADELPHIA 6.8 Philadelphia is a majority-fat city, although that doesn’t make it any different than the rest of the country. About 680,000 adults are overweight or obese, according to this 2008 survey by PHMC. It amounts to 64 percent of residents over the age of 18. 10,000 — 9,659 HEALTH & WELFARE HEALTH 6.9 While smoking is on the decline nationally, 10,323 PEOPLE LIVING WITH AIDS it appears to be on the rise in Philadelphia. More 8,398 than one in four adults in the city smoke, and the

25.9% 8,000 — 9,012 number of smokers increased between 2000 and 23.3% 2008, according to the PHMC surveys. 7,007 2000 273,801 TOTAL AVG. NAT’L The number of identified cases of high

7,703 6.10 blood pressure and diabetes has climbed in this CHAPTER 6:

6,000 — 5,628 decade. As of 2008, there were 522,240 Phila- delphians diagnosed with these conditions. 6,294

6.11 According to the PHMC, there has been a significant rise in asthma cases reported. The 1,000 — data indicates there were 47,000 children with 27.3% asthma in 2000 and 80,000 in 2008. 906 19.8% 868 963 2008 292,795 TOTAL AVG. NAT’L 6.12 These two lines tell an encouraging story. 916 The number of people diagnosed with AIDS con- 800 — NEW CASES DIAGNOSED tinues to decline. Because of advances in treat- 821 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 712 702 ment, the number of people with AIDS who are PERCENT OF ADULTS WHO SMOKE still living is increasing. In addition to the cases 743 listed, there were 6,659 persons who were HIV 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 positive in 2007.

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4.4. Arts and Culture Service Organizations INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 (Philadelphia Youth Network, The Johns City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance, Koresh Dance Company Crisis Hopkins University, and University of Penn- Quarterly Managers Report, June 30, 2008. African Cultural Alliance of North America Kulu Mele African American Dance Ensemble CRIME & PUNISHMENT sylvania, 2006). Data is for the Class of 2003. Departments and agencies within categories Al-Bustan Seeds of Culture Kun-Yang Lin/Dancers i.1. U.S. Bureau of the Census, American determined by the PRI. 3.6. U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Arts & Business Council of Greater Leah Stein Dance Company Community Survey (sample surveys taken 2.1. Pennsylvania State Police, Uniform Community Survey, 2007. 4.5. City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance, Philadelphia 2005–2007); Pew Charitable Trusts’ Phila- Melanie Stewart Dance Theatre Crime Reports for Philadelphia County; Education Finances 2006 Quarterly Managers Report, June 30, 2001 delphia Research Initiative (PRI) public opin- Asian Arts Initiative Miro Dance Theatre Philadelphia Police Department, Office of 3.7. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Public and June 30, 2008. ion survey (conducted January 2–19, 2009 Research, 2008. , issued 2008. Bainbridge House, Inc. Nichole Canuso Dance Company among a random sample of 1,600 Phila- 4.6. City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance, BuildaBridge Pasion y Arte delphia residents, age 18 and older; the 2.2. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 3.8. The School District of Philadelphia Quarterly Managers Reports, 2000–2008; City Chinese American Women’s Sisterhood Pennsylvania Ballet Association margin of error is plus or minus 2.5 percent- Uniform Crime Reports 1970–2007; Five-Year Plan. of Philadelphia Five-Year Plan for 2009–2013. Society of Philadelphia age points). Pennsylvania State Police, Uniform Crime Philadanco 3.9. Data drawn from school profiles com- Reports 1970-2007; Philadelphia Police 4.7. City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance Community Education Center Philadelphia Civic Ballet Company i.2. PRI survey, January 2009. piled by the School District of Philadelphia. Quarterly Managers Report for 2001–2008. Department, Office of Research, 2008. Conservation Center for Art and Historic Philadelphia Dance Projects 3.10. Pennsylvania Department of Education. Artifacts i.3. PRI survey, January 2009. 2.3. FBI Uniform Crime Reports. The aver- 4.8. PRI survey, January 2009. PIMA Group Schools with fewer than 10 students taking age for the 2000s represents the period Fairmount Park Art Association Rebecca Davis Dance Company i.4. PRI survey, January 2009. the SAT Reasoning Test were excluded. 4.9. City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance, from 2000 through 2008. Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance Quarterly Managers Report, June 30, 2008. Relache, Inc. i.5. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Greater Philadelphia Overseas Chinese 2.4. Philadelphia Department of Public Susan Hess Modern Dance Statistics Report, 2005 4.10. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transpor- Association Health, Division of Vital Statistics, Vital Tania Isaac Dance CHAPTER 4 tation Authority (SEPTA), Office of Public Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing . The data for the Information. The Rock School of Ballet CHAPTER 1 2000s covers the period from 2000 through CITY GOVERNMENT Corporation 2004, the most recent data available. 4.11. Philadelphia International Airport, Institute for the Arts in Education Festivals JOBS & THE ECONOMY Office of Public Information. Moonstone, Inc. Odunde, Inc. 2.5. FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 2000–2007. 4.1. City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance, annual budgets 2001 and 2008, adjusted for NetworkArts 215 Festival 1.1. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mid- 2.6. City of Philadelphia, Office of Finance, inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) First Person Arts Atlantic Office. These numbers represent Old City Arts Association annual budgets for 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI for all non-farm employment and are not seasonally CHAPTER 5 Peregrine Arts, Inc. PGLTF, Inc. (Gay Pride Festival) 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008. The num- Urban Consumers, U.S. Cities Avg. 2001-2008. adjusted. Philadelphia Live Arts Festival and bers represent filled, full-time positions of The inflation multiplier was 19.3 percent. ARTS & CULTURE Philadelphia Community Arts Network Philly Fringe 1.2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. uniformed police. Civilian employees of the Philadelphia Mural Arts Advocates 4.2. PRI survey, January 2009. The Bach Festival of Philadelphia, Inc. police department are excluded. 5.1. The Pennsylvania Cultural Data Project Raices Culturales Latinoamericanas 1.3. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The 4.3. City of Philadelphia Five-Year Plan, (CDP); Philadelphia Phillies; Philadelphia 2008 figures are preliminary. 2.7. Philadelphia Prison System. Average Senior Artists Initiative Film and Broadcast daily population, 2000 through 2008. 2009–2013. Total exceeds 100 percent Flyers; Philadelphia 76ers; Philadelphia Slought Foundation WXPN-FM 1.4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The because of rounding. The taxes listed include Eagles. Of the 224 organizations that sup- Southeastern Cherokee Confederacy of PA International House Philadelphia base year used is 2001, as there were no 2.8. Philadelphia Police Department, the following: plied data to the CDP, 75 were for FY2006 Philadelphia Independent Film and Office of Research; Administrator’s Office Taller Puertorriqueño, Inc. county-by-county figures for 2000; the 2008 Wage Tax: The current rate is 3.93 percent for and 149 were for FY2007. Data on sports figures are preliminary. of the First Judicial District; Philadelphia The Colonial Dames of America, Chapter II Video Association city residents and 3.5 percent for suburban attendance is from 2007. Prison System; Pennsylvania Department of The German Society of Pennsylvania WHYY, Inc. 1.5. residents who work in the city. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2000– Corrections census. All data as of December Using CDP information, the PRI determined WYBE Public Television 2008. The 2008 figure is the average through Net Profits: This is tax paid mostly by self- Trinity Center for Urban Life 31, 2008. the categories and assigned the groups, December. The figures are not seasonally employed workers who do not pay the Village of Arts and Humanities institutions, venues and schools according Historical Groups and Sites adjusted. 2.9. PRI survey, January 2009. wage tax. West Park Cultural and Opportunity Center to their principal missions; for example, the American Women’s Heritage Society, Inc. Business Privilege Taxes: These consist of a 1.6. U.S. Bureau of the Census, American 2.10. Philadelphia Police Department, Office Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has many West Philadelphia Cultural Alliance Cliveden of the National Trust 6.45 percent tax on net income and a 0.14 Community Survey, 2000 and 2007. The fig- of Research, for the period from January 1 educational programs and shows films, is list- Young Audiences of Eastern Pennsylvania, Inc. Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion ures are not adjusted for inflation. percent tax on gross receipts. through December 31, 2008. ed under museums. Following is a list of the Elfreth’s Alley Association Real Estate: The city’s property tax brings in Crafts 1.7. District of Columbia, Office of the Chief groups included in the CDP and their cate- Fair Hill Burial Ground about $1.1 billion a year, with 60 percent Clay Studio FinancialA Nationwide Officer, Comparison Tax Rates & Tax Burdens— gories as determined by PRI: Fairmount Park Historic Preservation of it going to the school district. Fabric Workshop and Museum , August 2008. The Arts Groups and Schools Trust, Inc. study analyzes tax burdens in the largest city CHAPTER 3 Real Estate Transfer Tax: The 4 percent tax is Philadelphia Folklore Project 40th St. Artist-in-Residence Friends of Laurel Hill Cemetery in each of the 50 states. EDUCATION levied on the sale price of every property. Philadelphia Guild of Hand Weavers The city gets 3 percent and the state 1 Allens Lane Art Center Historic Philadelphia, Inc. 1.8. Philagrafika District of Columbia, Office of the Chief percent. Fueled by a housing boom, rev- Ars Nova Workshop Philadelphia Society for the Preservation 3.1. Pennsylvania Department of Education. The Print Center FinancialA Nationwide Officer, Comparison Tax Rates & Tax Burdens— enue from this tax increased from $77 of Landmarks Until 2005, the tests were given only to stu- Art Sanctuary , August 2008. million in 2001 to $185 million in 2008. Wood Turning Center dents in grades 5, 8 and 11. Grade 3 was Art-Reach Preservation Alliance for Greater 1.9. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Building added in 2006. Grades 4, 6 and 7 were Sales Tax: The sales tax in Philadelphia is 7 Center for Emerging Visual Artists Dance Philadelphia Permits, 1996 through December 15, 2008. added in 2007. These are the combined percent, with 6 percent going to the state COSACOSA art at large, Inc. American Ballet Competition Dance Affiliates Stenton The Bureau uses data supplied by the scores of all test takers. and 1 percent to the city. The city share is Anne-Marie Mulgrew and Dancers Company Woodlands Trust for Historic Preservation Philadelphia Department of Licenses and used to help pay off bonds sold in the Design Center at Philadelphia University Wyck Association Inspections. 3.2. PRI survey, January 2009. Number of early 1990s to help the city out of financial Foundation for Self-Taught American Artists BalletX parents interviewed was 325. Margin of error difficulties. Gas & Electric Arts Dancefusion

1.10. Kevin Gillen, The Wharton School of is plus or minus 5.5 percent. Horticultural/Zoos the University of Pennsylvania, Real Estate Misc. Taxes: Two taxes bring in most of the Kardon Institute for Arts Therapy Danse4Nia Repertory Ensemble, Inc. Awbury Arboretum Association Department, provided analysis of home 3.3. PRI survey, January 2009. Responses money. One is the amusement tax, a 5 per- Moore College of Art and Design Eleone Dance Theatre John Bartram Association sale prices. from public school parents only. cent tax imposed on every ticket sold. The Philadelphia Art Alliance Flamenco Ole Morris Arboretum of the University of other is a 20 percent parking tax levied on Poets and Prophets, Inc. Group Motion Dance Company

3.4. City of Philadelphia, Mayor’s Office of motorists who use pay garages and lots. Pennsylvania Education. Studio Incamminati Hatch Dance Theater Pennsylvania Horticultural Society Other income: In 2008, the city received The Arts & Spirituality Center Headlong Dance Theater 3.5. Ruth Curran Neild and Robert Balfanz, $518 million in grants and subsidies from Schuylkill Center for Environmental Unfulfilled Promise: The Dimensions and the state of Pennsylvania and $186 million University City Arts League International Ballet Exchange Education Characteristics of Philadelphia’s Dropout from the federal government. Vox Populi Jeanne Ruddy Dance

The Philadelphia Zoo SOURCES & NOTES & SOURCES

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Music Library Company of Philadelphia 5.2. PRI survey, January 2009. 1807 & Friends National Constitution Center 5.3. PRI analysis of Cultural Data Project Academy of Vocal Arts National Liberty Museum data for 2006 or 2007, as available. Anna Crusis Women’s Choir National Museum of American Jewish History 5.4. The founding dates for the listed insti- Astral Artists Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts tutions were obtained from their Web sites. Bowerbird Philadelphia Camp, Sons of Union Veterans Center City OperaTheater, Inc. of the Civil War 5.5. PRI analysis of Cultural Data Project data for 2006 or 2007. Chamber Music Now! Philadelphia Museum of Art Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia Please Touch Museum 5.6. PRI analysis of Cultural Data Project Choral Arts Society of Philadelphia Polish American Cultural Center data for 2006 or 2007. Commonwealth Youthchoirs Rosenbach Museum & Library 5.7. PRI analysis of Cultural Data Project Crossroads Music Samuel S. Fleisher Art Memorial data for 2006 or 2007. CultureWorks The Mütter Museum Curtis Institute of Music The Rosenwald-Wolf Gallery Delius Society-Philadelphia Branch, Inc. The University of the Arts Galleries CHAPTER 6 Encore Series, Inc. University of Pennsylvania Museum of HEALTH & WELFARE Georgia E. Gregory Interdenominational Archaeology and Anthropology School Of Music Wagner Free Institute of Science 6.1. U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Institute of Contemporary Art Woodmere Art Museum Community Survey; Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare. The number is a monthly Intercultural Journeys PHOTO CREDITS Theater average of people receiving public assistance International Opera Theater, Inc. 1812 Productions in each year listed. FRONT COVER Kimmel Center, Inc. American Historical Theatre 6.3. Latin Fiesta, Inc. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2000. American Music Theater Festival, Inc. (Prince New data at the zip-code level will not be Mann Center for the Performing Arts Music Theater) available until after the 2010 census. 1 Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts 6.4. U.S. Bureau of the Census, American 5 Musicopia Arden Theatre Company Community Survey, 2007. 3 Network for New Music, Inc. Azuka Theatre Collective 2 6.5 PRI survey, January 2009. New Sounds Music, Inc. B. Someday Productions 4 6 Opera Company of Philadelphia Brat Productions 6.6. Public Health Management Corpor- Orchestra 2001 Curio Theatre Company ation’s (PHMC) Southeastern Pennsylvania PHILADELPHIA RESEARCH INITIATIVE RESEARCH PHILADELPHIA Household Health Survey, a telephone survey Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale EgoPo Productions of more than 10,000 households that examines Philadelphia Chamber Music Society Flashpoint Theatre Company the health and social well-being of residents Philadelphia Classical Symphony Hotel Obligado in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia Orchestra Association Images of the Motherland-Interactive Theatre Philadelphia counties. The survey is conducted as part of PHMC’s Community Health Data Philadelphia Singers InterAct Theatre Company Base, using data for Philadelphia only. Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra Lantern Theater Company 6.7. PHMC 2008 survey, with data extracted Philadelphia Youth Orchestra Mum Puppettheatre for Philadelphia only. Boundaries are planning Piffaro, The Renaissance Band New Generation Drama Guild districts determined by the Philadelphia 1, 2, 3, 4 & 6. Peter Tobia Settlement Music School New Liberty Productions Planning Commission. 5. K. Ciappa for GPTMC Singing City New Paradise Laboratories 6.8. PHMC 2008 survey; National Center for Tempesta di Mare, Inc. Painted Bride Art Center Health Statistics, 2004. BY PAGE Temple University Music Preparatory Division Philadelphia Shakespeare Festival 6.9. PHMC surveys, 2000 and 2008; Warriors of a Wonderful Sound, Inc. Page 27. istockphoto.com Philadelphia Theatre Company Centers for Disease Control, 2007. Museums Philadelphia Young Playwrights Page 35. R. Kennedy for GPTMC 6.10. PHMC survey data, 2000 and 2008; Academy of Natural Sciences Pig Iron Theatre Company Page 37. K. Ciappa for GPTMC Centers for Disease Control, 2007; National ACES Museum PlayPenn Center for Health Statistics, 2004. Page 38. G. Widman for GPTMC African American Museum in Philadelphia Scrap Performance Group Page 41. top, Courtesy of The Philadelphia 6.11. PHMC survey, 2008. American Philosophical Society Shakespeare in Clark Park Dance Company (Philadanco); bottom, Courtesy of The Library American Swedish Historical Museum Simpatico Theatre Project 6.12. Philadelphia Department of Health, Company of Philadelphia Athenaeum of Philadelphia Society Hill Playhouse Center for the Philadelphia HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Update, 2007. Page 42. from left to right, B. Krist; Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia Performing Arts, Inc. G. Widman; K. Ciappa; B. Krist, Chemical Heritage Foundation Sounds of Liberty all for GPTMC Civil War and Underground Railroad Museum Spiral Q Puppet Theater, Inc. Page 43. both, B. Krist for GPTMC of Philadelphia Theatre Alliance of Greater Philadelphia Page 50. istockphoto.com The Franklin Theatre Exile

Galleries at Moore College of Art and Design VSA arts of Pennsylvania/Amaryllis All other photos by Peter Tobia. Gershman Y of the JCCs of Greater Theatre Company Philadelphia Walnut Street Theatre Independence Seaport Museum Wilma Theater DESIGN Willie•Fetchko Graphic Design

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