Choices & Voices Version 2.0 Results
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CHOICES & VOICES VERSION 2.0 RESULTS The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) launched Choices & Voices version 2.0 in October 2013 to reflect the newly adopted Connections 2040 Long-Range Plan key assumptions, including projected revenue through 2040, the updated transportation needs assessment, and to account for SEPTA’s proposed realignment plan. This online survey tool remains a key component of public outreach for long-range planning in Greater Philadelphia. Choices & Voices serves as a way for members of the public to share their preferences for future development patterns, transportation projects, and approaches to funding them. At the same time, it contains an educational component that offers the users a better understanding of the linkages between land use and transportation, the considerable basic maintenance and repair issues of the transportation network, and the consequences of failing to invest in transportation. Shortly after Choices & Voices version 2.0 was launched, Pennsylvania passed a significant transportation funding bill, Act 89, which substantially increased transportation funding in the state and removed SEPTA’s realignment plan from the discussion. With the passage of Act 89, DVRPC did little to market Choices & Voices version 2.0. In spite of this, more than 500 people viewed the site, and 66 regional vision scenarios were submitted to DVRPC. Nearly 1,900 people viewed version 1.0 and more than 250 regional vision scenarios were submitted to the original version. As an online application open to anyone, results should not be construed as a scientifically representational sample. However, Choices & Voices is one of a number of components that are used to develop the Long-Range Plan. Other components include: regional indicators, scenario planning, dialogue with planning partners (state, county, and local governments, departments of transportation, and transit operators), additional public outreach, federal and state guidance, and other DVRPC programs such as the Transportation Improvement Program and the Congestion Management Process. DVRPC PLANNING AREAS DVRPC characterizes each of the region’s 352 municipalities as a Core City, Developed Community, Growing Suburb, or Rural Area, as a means of categorizing the types of communities and defining the corresponding long- range planning policies most appropriate for each type. Responses were analyzed for the region as a whole and for each of the four regional planning areas, using the ZIP code provided by the respondent. DVRPC Planning Areas 1 CHOICES & VOICES VERSION 2.0 RESULTS More than two-thirds of the respondents to version 2.0 came from one of the region’s Developed Communities. Some 14 scenarios were submitted, but with ZIP codes that were missing or outside the nine-county DVRPC region. Those scenarios did not receive further evaluation. Count of Choices & Voices Submitted Scenarios by DVRPC Planning Area *Submitted scenarios with missing ZIP codes or ZIP codes not in the nine-county region are not further analyzed. Source: DVRPC 2014 The largest group of respondents to version 2.0 were those between 18 and 24 years old. More than half of all respondents to date (including version 1.0) have been under the age of 34. These age groups have typically been less involved in metropolitan planning organization long-range planning efforts. Age of Choices & Voices Respondents Source: DVRPC 2014 CHOICES & VOICES RESULTS Choices & Voices showed the correlation between development patterns and transportation system use. Based on the submitted scenarios, respondents on average favored a more sustainable transportation future that results in 1.4 percent fewer regional vehicle miles traveled (VMT), an eight percent increase in biking and walking trips, and a 24 percent increase in transit ridership. This would mean a 3.5 percent reduction in residential energy and transportation costs, and a four percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Improving fuel 2 CHOICES & VOICES VERSION 2.0 RESULTS efficiency and lowering carbon content fuels will be vital to achieving the Plan goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60 percent by 2040. The table below shows the marginal differences respondents to version 1.0 and version 2.0 proposed, compared to the existing conditions. As respondents provided their ZIP code, they were broken into geographic types to show how choices might be affected by where a respondent lives. Indicator Results from Submitted Scenarios REGIONAL MARGINAL CHANGE CHOICES & VOICES VALUE IN CORE DEVELOPED GROWING RURAL TOTAL INDICATOR VERSION 2040 CITY COMMUNITY SUBURB AREA* REGION Acres Developed (2010–2040)** 1.0 811,000 13,800 20,400 29,100 18,200 20,400 2.0 1,121,600 16,200 43,500 30,500 N/A 36,000 Vehicle Miles Traveled (annual 1.0 7,230 –190 –130 40 30 –140 per capita) 2.0 7,380 –100 70 90 N/A 40 Bike/Ped Trips (annual per capita) 1.0 92 7.6 7.2 4.9 5.7 7.0 2.0 100 6.2 4.9 5.3 N/A 5.2 Transit Trips (annual per capita) 1.0 74.3 19.4 15.9 10.4 12.7 16.3 2.0 68.7 10.7 3.3 2.4 N/A 4.7 Household Transportation and 1.0 $13,130 $480 $450 $640 $480 $500 Residential Energy Costs (annual cost) 2.0 $13,290 $320 $200 $170 N/A $220 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1.0 7.4 –0.3 –0.3 –0.2 –0.2 –0.3 (metric tons CO2 equivalent per capita) 2.0 7.2 –0.6 –0.4 –0.4 N/A –0.4 Safety (annual fatalities per 1.0 7.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 100,000 trips) 2.0 7.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 N/A 0.2 Congestion (annual hours per 1.0 25.0 2.9 3.2 4.6 2.6 3.2 year in traffic for drivers)*** 2.0 31.6 10.9 9.5 9.8 N/A 9.8 * Version 2.0 had no respondents from Rural Areas. ** Version 2.0 accounts for all types of land development, whereas version 1.0 accounted only for residential and commercial development. *** Version 2.0 revised congestion assumptions based on new VISSIM travel demand model results (TIM 2.0), and incorporated delay from poor pavement conditions, which was not included in Version 1.0. Source: DVRPC 2014 It is worth noting that congestion was recomputed between version 1.0 and version 2.0 to account for DVRPC’s improved travel demand model, TIM 2.0, which uses VISSUM software. Version 2.0 also accounted for delay due to deteriorating pavement conditions, which were not reflected in the first version. Version 1.0 focused solely on commercial, industrial, and residential land use to determine acres developed. Version 2.0 also accounted for additional types of development such as: community, recreational, transportation, and utility uses. Some notable trends arise from the results of the two versions. First, respondents indicated little desire for more driving at a per capita level, particularly the residents from Core Cities and Developed Communities who decreased per capita annual VMT. Similarly, residents from more dense areas favored higher rates of alternative modes such as transit and walking/biking, perhaps seeing these are more readily available options than in less dense areas of the region. While respondents from all areas expected a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, respondents from denser areas were able to achieve even greater reductions. Respondents from all areas preferred growth patterns that are significantly more compact than the region has seen in recent development trends. The chart on the next page demonstrates the variation in choices by respondent origin regarding VMT. 3 CHOICES & VOICES VERSION 2.0 RESULTS Change in Vehicle Miles Traveled Per Capita: 2010 to 2040 by Version Source: DVRPC 2014 Continue reading to learn more about how individuals made their choices. DEVELOPMENT PREFERENCES Respondents to both versions identified a vision of a higher-density, mixed-use development pattern that is walkable, bikeable, and transit oriented. More than 90 percent of all respondents’ preferred future development that is located near to existing centers, and where alternative transportation infrastructure is already in place. This is largely in line with the Connections 2040 vision of focusing development in more than 120 centers around the region (the Towns & Cities option), though the overall preference of the respondents was for a higher-density, more centralized land use pattern. Respondents’ Development and Location Preferences by Planning Area (Versions 1.0 and 2.0) Source: DVRPC 2014 The average respondent scenario would require developing roughly 36,400 new acres (proportionally accounting for all types of land uses in version 1.0) of land from 2010 to 2040. Continuing the development trends over the last two decades would mean around 60,000 to 70,000 additional acres developed over that period. Overall, respondents preferred a development pattern that would consume less new acreage compared to the trend. TRANSPORTATION FUNDING In version 2.0, 96 percent of respondents selected additional funding for their scenario, a slight increase over the 93 percent of respondents who identified some level of additional funding in version 1.0. The average scenario in version 2.0 had $215 in additional funds per household per year. This is greater than the maximum allowed in version 1.0 of $240 per household per year; respondents in version 1.0 averaged nearly $140 of additional annual household funding. 4 CHOICES & VOICES VERSION 2.0 RESULTS Amount of Additional Funding per Household per Year* *Version 1.0 limited the new tax or fees to $240 per household per year; version 2.0 limited them to $750 per year. Source: DVRPC 2014 The top funding options were raising the gas tax and congestion pricing, followed by adding vehicle registration fees.