I, Robot Discussion Questions
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Identity Theft Literature Review
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Identity Theft Literature Review Author(s): Graeme R. Newman, Megan M. McNally Document No.: 210459 Date Received: July 2005 Award Number: 2005-TO-008 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. IDENTITY THEFT LITERATURE REVIEW Prepared for presentation and discussion at the National Institute of Justice Focus Group Meeting to develop a research agenda to identify the most effective avenues of research that will impact on prevention, harm reduction and enforcement January 27-28, 2005 Graeme R. Newman School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany Megan M. McNally School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark This project was supported by Contract #2005-TO-008 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
AI, Robots, and Swarms: Issues, Questions, and Recommended Studies
AI, Robots, and Swarms Issues, Questions, and Recommended Studies Andrew Ilachinski January 2017 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Distribution Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N00014-11-D-0323. Copies of this document can be obtained through the Defense Technical Information Center at www.dtic.mil or contact CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Photography Credits: http://www.darpa.mil/DDM_Gallery/Small_Gremlins_Web.jpg; http://4810-presscdn-0-38.pagely.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ Robotics.jpg; http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-edia/image/upload/18kxb5jw3e01ujpg.jpg Approved by: January 2017 Dr. David A. Broyles Special Activities and Innovation Operations Evaluation Group Copyright © 2017 CNA Abstract The military is on the cusp of a major technological revolution, in which warfare is conducted by unmanned and increasingly autonomous weapon systems. However, unlike the last “sea change,” during the Cold War, when advanced technologies were developed primarily by the Department of Defense (DoD), the key technology enablers today are being developed mostly in the commercial world. This study looks at the state-of-the-art of AI, machine-learning, and robot technologies, and their potential future military implications for autonomous (and semi-autonomous) weapon systems. While no one can predict how AI will evolve or predict its impact on the development of military autonomous systems, it is possible to anticipate many of the conceptual, technical, and operational challenges that DoD will face as it increasingly turns to AI-based technologies. -
The Fundamental Articles of I.AM Cyborg Law
Beijing Law Review, 2020, 11, 911-946 https://www.scirp.org/journal/blr ISSN Online: 2159-4635 ISSN Print: 2159-4627 The Fundamental Articles of I.AM Cyborg Law Stephen Castell CASTELL Consulting, Witham, UK How to cite this paper: Castell, S. (2020). Abstract The Fundamental Articles of I.AM Cyborg Law. Beijing Law Review, 11, 911-946. Author Isaac Asimov first fictionally proposed the “Three Laws of Robotics” https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2020.114055 in 1942. The word “cyborg” appeared in 1960, describing imagined beings with both artificial and biological parts. My own 1973 neologisms, “neural Received: November 2, 2020 plug compatibility”, and “softwiring” predicted the computer software-driven Accepted: December 15, 2020 Published: December 18, 2020 future evolution of man-machine neural interconnection and synthesis. To- day, Human-AI Brain Interface cyborg experiments and “brain-hacking” de- Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and vices are being trialed. The growth also of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Data Analytics software and increasing instances of “Government by Algo- This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International rithm” have revealed these advances as being largely unregulated, with insuf- License (CC BY 4.0). ficient legal frameworks. In a recent article, I noted that, with automation of http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ legal processes and judicial decision-making being increasingly discussed, Open Access RoboJudge has all but already arrived; and I discerned also the cautionary Castell’s Second Dictum: “You cannot construct an algorithm that will relia- bly decide whether or not any algorithm is ethical”. -
Arxiv:2009.09068V1 [Cs.CY] 16 Sep 2020
Hacking with God: a Common Programming Language of Robopsychology and Robophilosophy Norbert Bátfai∗ Department of Information Technology University of Debrecen, Hungary September 22, 2020 Abstract This note is a sketch of how the concept of robopsychology and robophi- losophy could be reinterpreted and repositioned in the spirit of the original vocation of psychology and philosophy. The notion of the robopsychology as a fictional science and a fictional occupation was introduced by Asimov in the middle of the last century. The robophilosophy, on the other hand, is only a few years old today. But at this moment, none of these new emerging disciplines focus on the fundamental and overall issues of the development of artificial general intelligence. Instead, they focus only on issues that, although are extremely important, play a complementary role, such as moral or ethical ones, rather than the big questions of life. We try to outline a conception in which the robophilosophy and robopsychology will be able to play a similar leading rule in the progress of artificial intel- ligence than the philosophy and psychology have done in the progress of human intelligence. To facilitate this, we outline the idea of a visual artifi- cial language and interactive theorem prover-based computer application called Prime Convo Assistant. The question to be decided in the future is whether we can develop such an application. And if so, can we build a computer game on it, or even an esport game? It may be an interesting question in order for this game will be able to transform human thinking on the widest possible social scale and will be able to develop a stan- dard mathematical logic-based communication channel between human and machine intelligence. -
Evitable Conflicts, Inevitable Technologies?
LCH0010.1177/1743872113509443Law, Culture and the HumanitiesKerr and Szilagyi 509443research-article2014 LAW, CULTURE AND THE HUMANITIES MINI SYMPOSIUM: SCIENCE, SCIENCE FICTION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW Law, Culture and the Humanities 2018, Vol. 14(1) 45 –82 Evitable Conflicts, Inevitable © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: Technologies? The Science sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav https://doi.org/10.1177/1743872113509443DOI: 10.1177/1743872113509443 and Fiction of Robotic journals.sagepub.com/home/lch Warfare and IHL Ian Kerr University of Ottawa, Canada Katie Szilagyi McCarthy Tétrault LLP, Canada Abstract This article contributes to a special symposium on science fiction and international law, examining the blurry lines between science and fiction in the policy discussions concerning the military use of lethal autonomous robots. In response to projects that attempt to build military robots that comport with international humanitarian law [IHL], we investigate whether and how the introduction of lethal autonomous robots might skew international humanitarian norms. Although IHL purports to be a technologically-neutral approach to calculating a proportionate, discriminate, and militarily necessary response, we contend that it permits a deterministic mode of thinking, expanding the scope of that which is perceived of as “necessary” once the technology is adopted. Consequently, we argue, even if lethal autonomous robots comport with IHL, they will operate as a force multiplier of military necessity, thus skewing the proportionality -
Robot Visions - Isaac Asimov
Robot Visions - Isaac Asimov ISAAC ASIMOV ROBOT VISIONS ILLUSTRATIONS BY RALPH McQUARRIE file:///E|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Princess%20D...20Visions/Robot%20Visions%20-%20Isaac%20Asimov.htm (1 of 222)11/19/2005 3:59:53 AM Robot Visions - Isaac Asimov To Gardner Dozois and Stan Schmidt, colleagues and friends CONTENTS Introduction: The Robot Chronicles STORIES Robot Visions Too Bad! Robbie Reason Liar! Runaround Evidence Little Lost Robot The Evitable Conflict Feminine Intuition The Bicentennial Man Someday Think! Segregationist Mirror Image Lenny Galley Slave Christmas Without Rodney ESSAYS Robots I Have Known The New Teachers Whatever You Wish The Friends We Make Our Intelligent Tools The Laws Of Robotics Future Fantastic The Machine And The Robot The New Profession The Robot As Enemy? file:///E|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Princess%20D...20Visions/Robot%20Visions%20-%20Isaac%20Asimov.htm (2 of 222)11/19/2005 3:59:53 AM Robot Visions - Isaac Asimov Intelligences Together My Robots The Laws Of Humanics Cybernetic Organism The Sense Of Humor Robots In Combination Introduction: The Robot Chronicles What is a robot? We might define it most briefly and comprehensively as “an artificial object that resembles a human being.” When we think of resemblance, we think of it, first, in terms of appearance. A robot looks like a human being. It could, for instance, be covered with a soft material that resembles human skin. It could have hair, and eyes, and a voice, and all the features and appurtenances of a human being, so that it would, as far as outward appearance is concerned, be indistinguishable from a human being. -
Dr. Asimov's Automatons
Dr. Asimov’s Automatons Take on a Life of their Own Twenty years after his death, author Isaac Asimov’s robot fiction offers a blueprint to our robotic future...and the problems we could face by Alan S. Brown HIS PAST April, the University of Miami School These became the Three Laws. Today, they are the starting of Law held We Robot, the first-ever legal and point for any serious conversation about how humans and policy issues conference about robots. The name robots will behave around one another. of the conference, which brought together lawyers, As the mere fact of lawyers discussing robot law shows, engineers, and technologists, played on the title the issue is no longer theoretical. If robots are not yet of the most famous book intelligent, they are increasingly t ever written about robots, autonomous in how they carry out I, Robot, by Isaac Asimov. tasks. At the most basic level, every The point was underscored by day millions of robotic Roombas de- Laurie Silvers, president of Holly- cide how to navigate tables, chairs, wood Media Corp., which sponsored sofas, toys, and even pets as they the event. In 1991, Silvers founded vacuum homes. SyFy, a cable channel that specializ- At a more sophisticated level, es in science fiction. Within moments, autonomous robots help select in- she too had dropped Asimov’s name. ventory in warehouses, move and Silvers turned to Asimov for ad- position products in factories, and vice before launching SyFy. It was a care for patients in hospitals. South natural choice. Asimov was one of the Korea is testing robotic jailers. -
A Study in Nelville, Thain, Purdy, and Reller
THE RO~~NCE-P~~ODY: A STUDY IN NELVILLE, THAIN, PURDY, AND RELLER A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of English Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree, Haster of Arts by Constance Denn~ston Nay 1965 Approved for the Major Department ~~._~.~.~ Approved for the Graduate Council ~~./ 21862:1 PREFACE -~ To criticize one genre according to the standards of another genre serves to confuse more than to clarify. It ~'!.... 0< i,viil be shc\~1. w '" tl1.e fO\:r v~cse fictio~s ex~nincd in this i,.;o::-k belong to the genre of romance-parody, but are often criticized because they do not conform to the genre of the novel or the genre of the romance. Many contemporary critics, especially Richard Cnase and Northrop Frye, refuse to relegate all long prose fiction to o~e category, the novel. They mcl~e a distinction between the novel and the romance, much as Hawthorne had done earlier. According to this distinction, the novel presents the every day experiences of ordinary people, i.cl1ereasthe romance pre sents extraordinary experiences of characte~ types from myths and legends and has a tendency to be allegorical. The four prose fictions examined in this work have much in co~~on with romance, in li&~t of the above distinc tions. However, it will be shovn1 that these fictions use the structure, conventions, and subjects of the romance ironically and satirically. Melville's The Confidence Man is a parody of religion. Twain's Ptldd'nb.ead Hilson parodies human justice. -
Brains, Minds, and Computers in Literary and Science Fiction Neuronarratives
BRAINS, MINDS, AND COMPUTERS IN LITERARY AND SCIENCE FICTION NEURONARRATIVES A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. by Jason W. Ellis August 2012 Dissertation written by Jason W. Ellis B.S., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006 M.A., University of Liverpool, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by Donald M. Hassler Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Tammy Clewell Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Kevin Floyd Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Eric M. Mintz Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Arvind Bansal Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Accepted by Robert W. Trogdon Chair, Department of English John R.D. Stalvey Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ iv Chapter 1: On Imagination, Science Fiction, and the Brain ........................................... 1 Chapter 2: A Cognitive Approach to Science Fiction .................................................. 13 Chapter 3: Isaac Asimov’s Robots as Cybernetic Models of the Human Brain ........... 48 Chapter 4: Philip K. Dick’s Reality Generator: the Human Brain ............................. 117 Chapter 5: William Gibson’s Cyberspace Exists within the Human Brain ................ 214 Chapter 6: Beyond Science Fiction: Metaphors as Future Prep ................................. 278 Works Cited ............................................................................................................... -
Liable Machines 7 CHAPTER 7
Liable Machines 7 CHAPTER 7 After lighting a cigarette, Alfred Lanning, declared, “It reads minds all right.”1 Lanning was a recurrent character in Isaac Asimov’s science fiction. In this particular story, the director of a plant of U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men was talking about Her- bie, a robot with “a positronic brain of supposedly ordinary vintage.” Herbie had the ability to “tune in on thought waves,” leaving Lanning and his colleagues baffled by his ability to read minds. Herbie was “the most important advance in robotics in decades.” But neither Lanning nor his team knew how it happened. Lanning’s team included Peter Bogert, a mathematician and second-in-command to Lanning; Milton Ashe, a young officer at U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men; and Dr. Susan Calvin, a robopsychologist (who happened to be in love with Ashe). Lanning asked Dr. Calvin to study Herbie first. She sat down with the robot, who had recently finished reading a pile of science books. “It’s your fiction that interests me,” said Herbie. “Your studies of the interplay of human motives and emotions.” As Dr. Calvin listened, she begun to think about Milton Ashe. “He loves you,”—the robot whispered. 150 | LIABLE MACHINES “For a full minute, Dr. Calvin did not speak. She merely stared.” “You are mistaken! You must be. Why should he?” “But he does. A thing like that cannot be hidden, not from me.” Then he supported his statement with irresistible rationality: “He looks deeper than the skin and admires intellect in others. Milton Ashe is not the type to marry a head of hair and a pair of eyes.” She was convinced. -
Three Laws of Robotics
Three Laws of Robotics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Three Laws of Robotics (often shortened to The Three Laws or Three Laws) are a set of rules devised by the science fiction author Isaac Asimov. The rules were introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround", although they had been foreshadowed in a few earlier stories. The Three Laws are: 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. These form an organizing principle and unifying theme for Asimov's robotic-based fiction, appearing in his Robot series, the stories linked to it, and his Lucky Starr series of young-adult fiction. The Laws are incorporated into almost all of the positronic robots appearing in his fiction, and cannot be bypassed, being intended as a safety feature. Many of Asimov's robot-focused stories involve robots behaving in unusual and counter-intuitive ways as an unintended consequence of how the robot applies the Three Laws to the situation in which it finds itself. Other authors working in Asimov's fictional universe have adopted them and references, often parodic, appear throughout science fiction as well as in other genres. This cover of I, Robot illustrates the story "Runaround", the first to list all Three Laws of Robotics. -
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SON 0 F THE WSFA JOURNAL WSFA JOURNAL News Supplement August, 1970 (Issue tFLOJ In This Issue — IN THIS ISSUE; IN BRIEF (misc. newsnotes) ................................................ Pg 1 THE BOOKSHELF: New Releases (Ace; Belmont, Berkley, Doubleday S.F. Book Club, Donald M. Grant) •.................................... .......................... Pg 2 MAGAZINARAMA: Contents of Recent Prozines (AMAZING 11/70; ANALOG 9/70. 10/70: FANTASTIC 10/?0; GALAX! 8-9/70; FiSF 9/70, 10/70; MAGAZINE OF . HORROR Fall/70; VISION OF TOMORROW 6/70, 7/70) ......................................... pp THE STEADY STREAM.__ : Books & Fanzines recently received ............... ...... pp 5-8 . THE CLUB CIRCUIT: News & Minutes (ESFA, "WSFA, OSFA, NFFF) ..................... pp 8-10 . THE CON GAME — October, 1970 .......................................................................... .. pg 10 3COLOPHON ...... ....................................................... ............................................ .......... pg 10 In Brief — . ... , , . As we stated lastish, thish would probably be late, which it is — although.daned "August", it is not coining out until the beginning of Sept. Nextish.whould ba out in about two weeks, bringing .us back to our monthly schedule. Note also that TWJ #72 will be out 'later this month, -after which we'll be back to bi-monthly issues. Heicon Hugo Winners: Best Novel: Left Hand of Darkness, by Ursula LeGuin; Rest Novella: "Ship of Shadows", by Fritz Leiber; Best Short Story: "Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones", by Samuel Delany; Best Dramatic Production: TV coverage of Apollo 11; Best Professional Magazine: FANTASY SCIENCE FICTION; Best Professional Artist: Kelly Freas;' Best Amateur Magazine: SF REVIEW (Geis).; Best Fan-Writer: Bob Tucker; Best Fan Artist: Tim Kirk. Other Heicon Awards: First Fandom Award: Virgil Finlay; Big Heart Award: Herbert Hausler of E.Germany.