DOCSLIB.ORG

Core Science and Technology J ^ 2 4 \M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Core Science and Technology J ^ 2 4 \M UCRL-ID-117076 Rev 1 L-17588-3 RECEIVED Core Science and Technology j^ 2 4 \m Development Plan for 0 &T I Indirect-Drive ICF Ignition December 1995 III• Lawrence Livermore [|j|] mm /&mmi0} •a National LaboratorLaDOratOry «SandianHiaa Nationaiszsfl Laborator y Los Alamos National Laboratory R DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED P./ L-17588-3 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulnessofanyinformation,apparatus,product, or process disclosed,or represents thatits use would notin fringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer,orotherwise,doesnotnecessarilyconstituleorimply its endorsement,recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Prices available from (615) 576-8401, FTS 626-8401 Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161 Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document Core Science and Technology Development Plan for Indirect-Drive ICF Ignition H. T. Powell and J. D. Kilkenny Technical Editors December 1995 Core Science and Technology Development Plan for Indirect-Drive ICF Ignition December 1995 Approved by: \r\ L>\. Howard T. Powell Program Leader Laser Science and Technology Program Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Joseph D. Kflkenny Program Leader Target Physics Program Lawrence Livermore NatjpnabLaboratory Melissa Cray1—"^ "\. Program Director of Inertial Coftfineraent Fusion Los Alamos National Laboratory Jeffrey P. QuintefeT Program Manager for Light Ion Fusion Sandia National Laboratory L-17588-3 Contents Introduction x Development Plan Summary xii 1.0 Laser Technology 1-1 References 1-5 1.1 Optical Pulse Generation System , 1-6 1.1.1 Master Oscillator and Fiber Amplifier 1-7 1.1.2 Electro-Optic Components 1-10 1.1.3 Regenerative Amplifiers 1-10 111.4 Multipass Amplifier 1-13 1.1.5 High-Speed Electronics 1-16 1.1.6 Integration and Breadboard Testing 1-18 References 1-21 1.2 Multisegment Amplifiers 1-22 1.2.1 Pump Cavity 1-24 1.2.2 Flashlamps 1-27 1.2.3 Thermal Control Systems 1-30 1.2.4 Performance Measurements 1-31 1.2.5 Assembly and Maintenance 1-35 References 1-36 1.3 Multipass Laser Components 1-37 1.3.1 Large-Aperture Plasma-Electrode Pockels Cell 1-37 1.3.2 Multiaperture Pockels Cell 1-42 1.3.3 "U-turn/L-turn" Components 1-44 1.3.4 Pinholes and Beam Dumps 1-48 References 1-52 1.4 Frequency Conversion 1-53 References .-. 1-61 1.5 Diffractive Optics 1-62 1.5.1 Beam-Smoothing Optics 1-62 1.5.2 Beam-Sampling Gratings 1-67 1.5.3 Other Diffractive Optical Components 1-69 References 1-70 1.6 Pulsed Power Systems 1-71 1.6.1 High-Current Switches 1-72 1.6.2 High-Density Capacitors 1-76 1.6.3 Pulsed Power Components 1-78 1.6.4 Prototyping and System Integration 1-81 References 1-84 ill L-17588-3 1.7 Laser Diagnostics 1-86 1.7.1 Full Aperture Beam Sampling 1-86 1.7.2 Fiber-Optic Technology Development 1-87 1.7.3 Temporal Sensor Technology Development 1-89 1.7.4 Laser Diagnostic System Integration 1-89 References 1-93 1.8 Laser Alignment and Wavefront Control 1-94 1.8.1 Light Sources for Alignment and Wavefront Control 1-94 1.8.2 Alignment Concepts Evaluation 1-96 1.8.3 Chamber Center Reference System 1-97 1.8.4 Cavity Deformable Mirror 1-98 1.8.5 Enhanced Video Controller 1-99 1.8.6 Portable Wavefront Measurement System 1-101 References 1-103 1.9 Optics Support and Assembly 1-104 1.9.1 Optics Mounting and Assembly 1-104 1.9.2 Structural Support Systems 1-106 1.9.3 Mounting Vacuum-Loaded Square Optics 1-109 1.10 Control Systems 1-111 1.10.1 Distributed Computer Controls 1-113 1.10.2 Timing System Component Development 1-115 1.10.3 Video-Based Automatic Alignment 1-115 1.10.4 Alignment Front End Controls 1-117 1.10.5 Laser Diagnostic Data Acquisition 1-118 1.10.6 Schedule 1-118 References 1-119 1.11 Laser Design Optimization 1-121 1.11.1 Pump Cavity Analysis 1-121 1.11.2 Propagation Analysis 1-127 1.11.3 Frequency Conversion 1-130 1.11.4 SRS/SBS Analysis 1-131 1.11.5 Data and Code Library 1-132 1.11.6 Cost Synthesis 1-132 1.11.7 Design Optimization :. 1-133 References 1-134 1.12 Basic Physics, Material Properties, and Advanced Concepts 1-135 1.12.1 Amplifier Energy Extraction 1-135 1.12.2 Frequency-Conversion Efficiency 1-136 1.12.3 Nonlinear Optical Propagation and Materials Constants 1-138 IV L-17588-3 1.12.4 SRRS in Nitrogen Gas/Air 1-138 1.12.5 Advanced Concepts 1-139 References 1-140 1.13 Beamlet Test and Evaluation 1-141 1.13.1 lco Propagation Physics 1-143 1.13.2 Large-area Damage Tests 1-145 1.13.3 3© Conversion and Final Focus Geometry .-. 1-146 1.13.4 Output Diagnostics and Beam Smoothing 1-148 1.13.5 Beamlet System Engineering Improvements and Tests 1-149 1.13.6 NIF Component Tests 1-150 1.13.7 NIF Prototype System Tests 1-151 2.0 Optics Manufacturing and Processing 2-1 2.1 Laser Glass 2-2 2.2 KDP/KD*P Crystals 2-8 2.3 Fused Silica 2-14 2.4 Optics Finishing 2-17 2.5 Optical Coatings 2-21 2.6 Laser Damage Testing and Conditioning 2-28 2.7 Large-Aperture Optic Characterization 2-32 2.8 Final Optics Protection 2-35 2.9 Optics Cleaning and Processing 2-38 3.0 Target Chamber 3-1 3.1 Characterization of Target Emissions 3-1 3.2 First Wall and Target Positioner Protective Coatings 3-5 3.3 Unconverted Laser Light Absorber 3-11 3.4 Advanced Final Optic Protective Coating 3-15 3.5 Automated Tritium and Activated Debris Decontamination System 3-17 3.6 Electrical Diagnostic Component Vulnerability and Hardening Techniques 3-21 3.7 Target Emplacement, Positioner and Injection Techniques 3-26 References 3-30 4.0 Target Diagnostics 4-1 4.1 X-ray Detectors 4-3 4.1.1 X-ray Streak Cameras 4-3 4.1.2 Gated X-ray Imaging 4-3 4.1.3 X-ray Backlighter Development '. 4-5 4.1.4 Photocathode Development 4-5 V L-17588-3 4.1.5 CCD Readouts 4-7 4.1.6 Electro-optic Technology 4-7 4.1.7 X-ray Diode Redesign 4-8 4.1.8 X-Ray Detector Development 4-8 4.1.9 Transmission Grating Development 4-9 4.1.10 Fast-closing Apertures for Debris Mitigation 4-9 4.2 X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy 4-10 4.2.1 Reflective X-ray Optics 4-11 4.2.2 Multilayer Optics for 10-keV Imaging 4-14 4.2.3 Tapered High-Aspect-Ratio Pinholes 4-14 4.2.4 Ablation of Protective Layers 4-16 4.2.5 Coded-Aperture Imaging 4-17 4.2.6 Focusing Crystal Spectroscopy 4-18 4.2.7 Soft X-ray Imaging, Deflectometry, and Interferometry 4-19 4.2.8 Development of Advanced Methods for X-ray Spectroscopy ... 4-20 4.3 Gamma Ray Diagnostics 4-20 4.3.1 Reaction-Rate History Diagnostic 4-21 4.3.2 Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Fuel Conditions.... 4-23 4.4 Neutron Detectors 4-25 4.4.1 Neutron Detectors with High Spatial Resolution 4-25 4.4.2 Gated and High-Speed Neutron Detectors 4-27 4.4.3 Single-Hit Detector Arrays 4-28 4.4.4 Total Neutron Yield Detectors 4-28 4.4.5 Proton Recoil Technique 4-28 4.5 Optical Detectors 4-29 4.5.1 Gated Optical Imager 4-29 4.5.2 Active Probing for Streaked Optical Pyrometer (SOP) 4-30 4.5.3 Witness Plate Technique Development 4-31 4.5.4 Thomson Scattering Diagnostic 4-31 4.5.5 High-Speed Light-Scattering Arrays 4-32 4.5.6 Optical Streak Cameras 4-33 4.5.7 Target Backscatter Diagnostics 4-33 4.6 High-Speed Electrical Recording 4-33 4.6.1 High-Speed Transient Digitizers 4-34 4.6.2 High-Speed Electrical Transmission 4-35 4.6.3 Supporting Technologies 4-35 4.7 Calibration Facilities 4-36 4.7.1 Absolutely Calibrated X-ray Sources 4-37 4.7.2 Pulsed X-ray Source 4-38 4.7.3 X-ray Imaging Calibration Sources 4-39 VI L-17588-3 4.7.4 Neutron Sources 4-39 4.7.5 Optical Calibration Facility 4-39 References 4-40 5.0 Target Design and Theory 5-1 5.1 Hohlraum Design 5-2 5.1.1 Conventional Designs 5-2 5.1.2 Advanced Designs 5-4 5.1.3 Symmetry Diagnosis Design 5-4 5.1.4 Plasma Characterization Design 5-5 5.2 Capsule Design 5-6 5.2.1 High Convergence, High Gain 5-6 5.2.2 Lower-Risk Designs 5-6 5.2.3 Noncryogenic Options 5-6 5.2.4 Internal Pulse Shape Designs 5-6 5.2.5 Mix Diagnosis Design 5-7 5.2.6 Burn Diagnosis Design 5-8 5.2.7 Hydrodynamic Instability Theory and Codes 5-8 5.3 Plasma Instability Mitigation 5-8 5.3.1 Basic Theory 5-8 5.3.2 Nonlinear Saturation Theory 5-9 5.3.3 Plasma Code Development 5-9 5.4 Hydro Code Development 5-9 5.4.1 3-D Codes 5-10 5.4.2 Advanced Physics Models 5-10 5.4.3 Additional Hydro Codes 5-12 5.4.4 Massively Parallel Processing 5-12 5.4.5 Postprocessing 5-13 5.4.6 User Interface 5-13 5.4.7 Machine Interface 5-13 5.5 Advanced Concepts 5-13 5.5.1 Fast Ignitor 5-13 5.5.2 Enhanced Gain 5-15 5.6 ICF Applications 5-15 5.6.1 Inertial Fusion Energy 5-15
Load more

Recommended publications
  • High Energy Density Physics Experiments at Los Alamos
    High Energy Density Dante-2 SXI Physics Experiments at Los Alamos FFLEX FABS & Hans Herrmann NBI FABS & 36B NBI 31B Dante-1 Plasma Physics Group (P-24) SXI In this photo, Norris Bradbury, Robert Oppenheimer, Richard Feynman, and Enrico Fermi attend an early Los Alamos weapons colloquium. OMEGA LaserU UserN C L A S SGroup I F I E D Rochester, NY April 29, 2011 Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA LA-UR 11-02522 Los Alamos has a strong program in High Energy Density Physics aimed at National Applications as well as Basic Science Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Radiation Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamics with Plasmas Material Dynamics Energetic Ion generation Dense Plasma Properties X-ray and Nuclear Diagnostic Development Petaflop performance to Exascale computing Magnetic Reconnection Magnetized Target Fusion High-Explosive Pulsed Power U N C L A S S I F I E D Operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for NNSA LANL is a multidisciplinary NNSA Lab. overseen by Los Alamos National Security (LANS) LLC. People 11,782 total employees: LANS, LLC 9,665; SOC Los Alamos (Guard Force) 477; Contractors 524; Students 1,116 Place Located 35 miles northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, on 36 square miles of DOE-owned property. > 2,000 individual facilities, 47 technical areas with 8 million square feet under roof, $5.9 B replacement value. Operating costs FY 2010: ~ $2 billion 51% NNSA weapons programs 8% Nonproliferation programs 6% Safeguards and Security 11% Environmental Management 4% DOE Office of Science 5% Energy and other programs 15% Work for Others Workforce Demographics (LANS & students only) 42% of employees live in Los Alamos, the rest commute from Santa Fe, Española, Taos, and Albuquerque.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download the Proceedings
    Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Physics International Symposium TTOOPPIICCAALL PPRROOBBLLEEMMSS OOFF NNOONNLLIINNEEAARR WWAAVVEE PPHHYYSSIICCSS 22 – 28 July, 2017 Moscow – St. Petersburg, Russia P R O C E E D I N G S Nizhny Novgorod, 2017 NWP-1: Nonlinear Dynamics and Complexity NWP-2: Lasers with High Peak and High Average Power NWP-3: Nonlinear Phenomena in the Atmosphere and Ocean WORKSHOP: Magnetic Fields in Laboratory High Energy Density Plasmas (LaB) CREMLIN WORKSHOP: Key Technological Issues in Construction and Exploitation of 100 Pw Lass Lasers Board of Chairs Henrik Dijkstra, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Alexander Feigin, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Julien Fuchs, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, France Efim Khazanov, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Juergen Kurths, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany Albert Luo, Southern Illinois University, USA Evgeny Mareev, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Catalin Miron, Extreme Light Infrastructure, Romania Vladimir Nekorkin, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Vladimir Rakov, University of Florida, USA Alexander Sergeev, Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Russia Ken-ichi Ueda, Institute for Laser Science, the University of Electro-Communications, Japan Symposium Web site: http://www.nwp.sci-nnov.ru Organized by Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences www.iapras.ru GYCOM Ltd www.gycom.ru International Center for Advanced Studies in Nizhny Novgorod (INCAS) www.incas.iapras.ru Supported by www.avesta.ru www.lasercomponents.ru www.coherent.com www.lasertrack.ru www.thalesgroup.com www.standa.lt www.phcloud.ru www.epj.org The electron version of the NWP-2017 Symposium materials was prepared at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia CONTENTS PLENARY TALKS J.-C.
    [Show full text]
  • The National Ignition Facility Diagnostic Set at the Completion of the National Ignition Campaign, September 2012
    Fusion Science and Technology ISSN: 1536-1055 (Print) 1943-7641 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ufst20 The National Ignition Facility Diagnostic Set at the Completion of the National Ignition Campaign, September 2012 J. D. Kilkenny, P. M. Bell, D. K. Bradley, D. L. Bleuel, J. A. Caggiano, E. L. Dewald, W. W. Hsing, D. H. Kalantar, R. L. Kauffman, D. J. Larson, J. D. Moody, D. H. Schneider, M. B. Schneider, D. A. Shaughnessy, R. T. Shelton, W. Stoeffl, K. Widmann, C. B. Yeamans, S. H. Batha, G. P. Grim, H. W. Herrmann, F. E. Merrill, R. J. Leeper, J. A. Oertel, T. C. Sangster, D. H. Edgell, M. Hohenberger, V. Yu. Glebov, S. P. Regan, J. A. Frenje, M. Gatu-Johnson, R. D. Petrasso, H. G. Rinderknecht, A. B. Zylstra, G. W. Cooper & C. Ruizf To cite this article: J. D. Kilkenny, P. M. Bell, D. K. Bradley, D. L. Bleuel, J. A. Caggiano, E. L. Dewald, W. W. Hsing, D. H. Kalantar, R. L. Kauffman, D. J. Larson, J. D. Moody, D. H. Schneider, M. B. Schneider, D. A. Shaughnessy, R. T. Shelton, W. Stoeffl, K. Widmann, C. B. Yeamans, S. H. Batha, G. P. Grim, H. W. Herrmann, F. E. Merrill, R. J. Leeper, J. A. Oertel, T. C. Sangster, D. H. Edgell, M. Hohenberger, V. Yu. Glebov, S. P. Regan, J. A. Frenje, M. Gatu-Johnson, R. D. Petrasso, H. G. Rinderknecht, A. B. Zylstra, G. W. Cooper & C. Ruizf (2016) The National Ignition Facility Diagnostic Set at the Completion of the National Ignition Campaign, September 2012, Fusion Science and Technology, 69:1, 420-451, DOI: 10.13182/FST15-173 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/FST15-173 Published online: 23 Mar 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasma Interactions
    Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience New developments in energy transfer and transport studies in relativistic laser–plasma interactions This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 124046 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0741-3335/52/12/124046) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 130.183.90.175 The article was downloaded on 04/01/2011 at 10:43 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP PUBLISHING PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 (2010) 124046 (7pp) doi:10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124046 New developments in energy transfer and transport studies in relativistic laser–plasma interactions P A Norreys1,2,JSGreen1, K L Lancaster1,APLRobinson1, R H H Scott1,2, F Perez3, H-P Schlenvoight3, S Baton3, S Hulin4, B Vauzour4, J J Santos4, D J Adams5, K Markey5, B Ramakrishna5, M Zepf5, M N Quinn6,XHYuan6, P McKenna6, J Schreiber2,7, J R Davies8, D P Higginson9,10, F N Beg9, C Chen10,TMa10 and P Patel10 1 Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK 2 Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BZ, UK 3 Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole´ Polytechnique, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France 4 Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Universite´ Bordeaux 1-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France 5 School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK 6 Departmnet of Physics, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK 7 Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str.
    [Show full text]
  • B O O K O F a B Stra C Ts
    Book of Abstracts Program Tuesday, June 25 11:00-13:00 Registration 12:00-13:50 Lunch 13:50-14:00 Welcome UHI 1 Chair : L. Yin 14:00-14:30 A. Kemp Kinetic particle-in-cell modeling of Petawatt laser plasma interaction relevant to HEDLP experiments 14:30-14:50 R. Shah Dynamics and Application of Relativistic Transparency 14:50-15:10 C. Ridgers QED effects at UI laser intensities 15:10-15:30 L. Cao Efficient Laser Absorption, Enhanced Electron Yields and Collimated Fast Electrons by the Nanolayered Structured Targets 15:30-16:00 Coffee break Laboratory Astrophysics 1 Chair : P. Drake 16:00-16:30 J. Bailey Laboratory opacity measurements at conditions approaching stellar interiors 16:30-16:50 A. Pak Radiative shock waves produced from implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility 16:50-17:10 B. Albertazzi Modeling in the Laboratory Magnetized Astrophysical Jets: Simulations and Experiments 17:10-17:30 C. Kuranz Magnetized Plasma Flow Experiments at High-Energy-Density Facilities Wednesday, June 26 ( Joint with WDM ) ICF 1 Chair : A. Casner 09:00-09:40 N. Landen Status of the ignition campaign at the NIF 09:40-10:00 G. Huser Equation of state and mean ionization of Ge-doped CH ablator materials 10:00-10:20 B. Remington Hydrodynamic instabilities and mix in the ignition campaign on NIF: predictions, observations, and a path forward 10:20-10:40 M. Olazabal Laser imprint reduction using underdense foams and its consequences on the hydrodynamic instability growth 10:40-11:10 Coffee break XFEL Chair : B.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts
    First LMJ-PETAL User Meeting October 4-5, 2018 Le Barp, France Book of Abstracts Program LMJ-PETAL User Meeting Thursday 4 October 2018 Schedule Duration Title Speaker Institution 8:00 AM 0:30 Accueil ILP 8:30 AM 0:30 Welcome Plenary session-1 : LMJ-PETAL performance Chairman : JL. Miquel CEA/DAM CEA/DAM, 9:00 AM 0:25 LMJ Facility: Status and Performance P. Delmas France CEA/DAM, 9:25 AM 0:25 PETAL laser performance N. Blanchot France CEA/DAM, 9:50 AM 0:25 Status on LMJ-PETAL plasma diagnostics R. Wrobel France Preliminary results from the qualification experiments of the PETAL+ 10:15 AM 0:25 D. Batani CELIA, France diagnostics 10:40 AM 0:20 Break Plenary session-2: Next user experiments Chairman : D. Batani CELIA Effect of hot electrons on strong shock generation in the context of shock 11:00 AM 0:25 S. Baton LULI, France ignition 11:25 AM 0:25 Investigating magnetic reconnection in ICF conditions S. Bolanos LULI, France Efficient Creation of High-Energy-Density-State with Laser-Produced Strong S. Fujioka ILE, Osaka U., 11:50 AM 0:25 Magnetic Field or K. Matsuo Japan 12:15 PM 2:00 Lunch / Posters session 2:15 PM 1:30 Round table -1 Targets Chairman: M. Manuel General Atomic CEA/DAM, 0:20 Target laboratory on LMJ Facility O. Henry France Review of General Atomics Target Fabrication : Facilities, Capabilities and General Atomic, 0:20 M. Manuel Notable Recent Developments USA Diagnostics Chairman: W.Theobald LLE Omega ILE, Osaka U., 0:20 Visualization of fast heated plasma by X-ray fresnel phase zone plate K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Surface Processing Methods on the Laser Induced Damage Threshold of Fused Silica
    The Effect of Surface Processing Methods on the Laser Induced Damage Threshold of Fused Silica by Weiran Duan A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of PhD at the University of Central Lancashire October 2014 2 To my family i Declaration I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been a registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution. I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work. Weiran Duan ii Abstract High peak power laser systems, such as National Ignition Facility (NIF), Laser Mega Joule (LMJ), and High Power laser Energy Research facility (HiPER), include a large amount of optics. Fused silica glass is one of the most common optical materials which is used in these high peak power laser systems owing to its excellent optical properties, especially for the 355nm ultraviolet laser. However, it is generally found that fused silica optics damage under irradiation with a high peak power laser beam, and the laser induced damage (LID) becomes the limit to increasing the laser power. Theoretically, the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) of fused silica substrates is high, while it drops significantly due to the poor surface quality created in the manufacturing process. This project aims to find a series of fused silica optical surface processing techniques which are able to improve the surface quality and increase its LIDT when irradiated using high peak power lasers.
    [Show full text]
  • Topical Review: Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions
    INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36 (2003) R151–R165 PII: S0022-3727(03)26928-X TOPICAL REVIEW Relativistic laser–plasma interactions Donald Umstadter Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA E-mail: [email protected] Received 19 November 2002 Published 2 April 2003 Online at stacks.iop.org/JPhysD/36/R151 Abstract By focusing petawatt peak power laser light to intensities up to 1021 Wcm−2, highly relativistic plasmas can now be studied. The force exerted by light pulses with this extreme intensity has been used to accelerate beams of electrons and protons to energies of a million volts in distances of only microns. This acceleration gradient is a thousand times greater than in radio-frequency-based accelerators. Such novel compact laser-based radiation sources have been demonstrated to have parameters that are useful for research in medicine, physics and engineering. They might also someday be used to ignite controlled thermonuclear fusion. Ultrashort pulse duration particles and x-rays that are produced can resolve chemical, biological or physical reactions on ultrafast (femtosecond) timescales and on atomic spatial scales. These energetic beams have produced an array of nuclear reactions, resulting in neutrons, positrons and radioactive isotopes. As laser intensities increase further and laser-accelerated protons become relativistic, exotic plasmas, such as dense electron–positron plasmas, which are of astrophysical interest, can be created in the laboratory. This paper reviews many of the recent advances in relativistic laser–plasma interactions. 1. Introduction in this regime on the light intensity, resulting in nonlinear effects analogous to those studied with conventional nonlinear Ever since lasers were invented, their peak power and focus optics—self-focusing, self-modulation, harmonic generation, ability have steadily increased.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Eff Iciency, Dielectric Multilayer Gratings Optimized for Manufacturability and Laser Damage Threshold
    UCRL-JC-IU650 PREPRINT High-Eff iciency, Dielectric Multilayer Gratings Optimized for Manufacturability and Laser Damage Threshold J. A. Britten M. D. Perry B. W. Shore R D. Boyd G. E. Loomis R Chow This paper was prepared for submittal to the 27th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers SPIE Proceedings VoL 2714 Boulder, CO October 30-November 1,1995 November 29,1995 Thisisa preprint of apaper intended for publication in a journrlorproceedinga Since changes may be made before publication, thii preprint is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. c This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the UNvexsity of Californianor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expreys or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, mmpleteneas, or usefulness of any infomation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infzinge privately owned rights. Referena herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, dog not necessafily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not neceSSarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the UNversity of CaHomia, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purpses .- a. High-efficiency, dielectric multilayer gratings optimized for manufacturability and laser damage threshold J.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Long Path Laser Spectroscopy of Weak
    LONG PATH LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF WEAK SPECTRAL TRANSITIONS IN PLASMAS A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON By MARK PHILIP SYDNEY NIGHTINGALE The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College of Science and Technology London SW7 2BZ LONG PATH LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF WEAK SPECTRAL TRANSITIONS IN PLASMAS By MARK PHILIP SYDNEY NIGHTINGALE ABSTRACT There has been much interest recently in spectral lineshapes, especially in plasmas where charge particle broadening is important. For the accurate measurement of such profiles, absorption spectroscopy offers distinct advantages over other techniques but requires the use of long optical paths (several metres or more) since, typically, plasma opacities are extremely low. A z-pinch plasma device has been used to generate a 10 metre long plasma column and optical paths in this plasma exceeding one kilometre have been achieved by the use of a multipassed CW dye laser system. Such paths allow both the accurate measurement of allowed line profiles over five orders of magnitude of absorption, and also provide the means of measuring weak features such as forbidden lines or continua. Full electron density diagnostics have been performed using interferometry (over twenty-one metre paths) and these show considerable density oscillations during the plasma recombination phase whose origins and effects might have considerable importance in the use of plasmas as spectroscopic sources. Results are presented for several long path absorption and 3 1 interferometric experiments. In Helium the 2p P - 3d 'D forbidden intercombination satellite on the 5876 A line-wing is fully resolved providing evidence as to its origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Advancements in the Optical Damage Resistance
    THESIS ADVANCEMENTS IN THE OPTICAL DAMAGE RESISTANCE OF ION BEAM SPUTTER DEPOSITED INTERFERENCE COATINGS FOR HIGH ENERGY LASERS Submitted by Drew Schiltz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2015 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Carmen Menoni Mario Marconi Mark Bradley Copyright by Drew Donald Schiltz 2015 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT ADVANCEMENTS IN THE LASER DAMAGE RESISTANCE OF ION BEAM SPUTTER DEPOSITED INTERFERENCE COATINGS FOR HIGH ENERGY LASERS The work presented in this thesis is dedicated toward investigating, and ultimately improving the laser damage resistance of ion beam sputtered interference coatings. Not only are interference coatings a key component of the modern day laser, but they also limit energy output due to their susceptibility to laser induced damage. Thus, advancements in the fluence handling capabilities of interference coatings will enable increased energy output of high energy laser systems. Design strategies aimed at improving the laser damage resistance of Ta2O5/SiO2 high reflectors for operation at one micron wavelengths and pulse durations of several nanoseconds to a fraction of a nanosecond are presented. These modified designs are formulated to reduce effects from the standing wave electric field distribution in the coating. Design modifications from a standard quarter wave stack structure include increasing the thickness of SiO2 top layers and reducing the Ta2O5 thickness in favor of SiO2 in the top four bi-layers. The coating structures were deposited with ion beam sputtering. The modified designs exhibit improved performance when irradiated with 4 ns duration pulses, but little effect at 0.19 ns.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of High Damage Threshold Optical Coatings Used in Environment with Very Low Hygrometry for Fusion Class Laser System Marine Chorel
    Study of high damage threshold optical coatings used in environment with very low hygrometry for fusion class laser system Marine Chorel To cite this version: Marine Chorel. Study of high damage threshold optical coatings used in environment with very low hygrometry for fusion class laser system. Optics / Photonic. Université de Bordeaux, 2019. English. NNT : 2019BORD0188. tel-02464789 HAL Id: tel-02464789 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02464789 Submitted on 3 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES PHYSIQUES ET DE L’INGÉNIEUR SPÉCIALITÉ LASER, MATIÈRE ET NANOSCIENCES Par Marine CHOREL ÉTUDE DES TRAITEMENTS MULTICOUCHES UTILISÉS DANS UN ENVIRONNEMENT A TRES FAIBLE HYGROMETRIE SUR LES INSTALLATIONS LASER DE PUISSANCE Sous la direction de : Bruno BOUSQUET, Professeur, Université de Bordeaux Soutenue le 23 Octobre 2019 Membres du jury : M. CANIONI, Lionel Professeur, Université de Bordeaux Président M. MELNINKAITIS, Andrius Associate Professor, Vilniaus Universitetas, Vilnius Rapporteur M. UTEZA, Olivier Directeur de recherché, LP3, Marseille Rapporteur M. DEMOS, Stavros Senior Scientist, LLE, Rochester Examinateur M. GALLAIS-DURING, Laurent Professeur, Institut Fresnel, Marseille Examinateur M.
    [Show full text]