Musical Tools of Technology for Teachers Maryann “Mar.” Harman BA Ed/MA Ed Meets technology/media requirements for CCSS

”Hi. My Name is Jo.” Great song to start with. It’s Public Domain.

You want to use technology.

You want to download music/videos.

But sometimes, there are little bumps.

Let’s go over those bumps together. 1. Rules of downloading and copyright 2. How to download 3. Putting the files onto your media player

The rules of downloading : First Rule? Always protect yourself as I shall do right now :

Disclaimer - This information is general information compiled by Maryann Harman to provide a synopsis for teachers. For any individual situations, legal advice must be provided by an attorney with specific reference to the facts of the particular situation. In this case, the information should not be relied upon as legal advice.

Whether you want to use something in the classroom, or publish / protect something you created, you should understand the basics of Copyright Law.

The quick version : Music can be played in the classroom if: 1. You own it: 2. You have permission from publisher: 3. It is being used in distance education and is compliance with TEACH; 4. It is in compliance with Fair Use: OR 5. Copyright has expired and it is in the Public Domain a. Public domain songs can be verified at www.kididdles.com; or b. Harry Fox agency

A Quick Guide to Copyright

What is Copyright? According to copyright.gov, Copyright is a form of protection grounded in the U.S. Constitution and granted by law for original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Copyright covers both published and unpublished works. Copyright holders don't have to go through any special process to get copyright--it is conferred automatically at the moment of creation (though you can register your copyright, just for extra protection). And since 1989, the copyright symbol or phrases like "all rights reserved" are no longer necessary.

A helpful tidbit :This means that by placing the © symbol (done by pressing ctr-alt-c at the same time) it establishes it as your intellectually property. If you have written something for your classroom, you can claim copyright by doing this. However, you do not have to do so.

What does copyright protect? Copyright, a form of intellectual property law, protects original works including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, computer software, and architecture. Copyright does not protect facts, ideas, systems, or methods of operation, although it may protect the way these things are expressed.

How do I Know if Something is Copyrighted? As a general rule, unless you see explicitly that something isn't (for example, if it has a notice that it has been released under Creative Commons, or is part of the public domain), then you should assume that any original, creative work is copyrighted.

What Rights do Copyright Holders Have? The Copyright Act gives five exclusive rights to the creators of a work: 1. the right to reproduce (to copy); 2. the right to create derivative works (for example, a movie based on a book); 3. the right to sell, lease, or rent copies of the work to the public; 4. the right to perform the work publicly (if it is something that can be performed, such as a literary, musical, dramatic, choreographic, pantomime, motion picture, or other audiovisual work); and 5. the right to display the work publicly (if the work is a literary, musical, dramatic, choreographic, pantomime, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, motion picture, or other audiovisual work).

This means that generally, no one has the right to use any of these things, including showing educational films, distributing photocopies or using clip-art on a Powerpoint© or SmartBoard©. (notice © credit to brand names) UNLESS ~ ~ they are in compliance with the “Fair Use Act”

Fair Use – The Teachers’ Friend Copyright Act contains a special exception for educational use of copyrighted materials. This is part of the "fair use" rule, and allows someone other than the copyright holder to make limited use of a copyrighted work without permission for purposes such as teaching, research, scholarship, criticism, parody and news reporting. It is very important for teachers to understand how this exception works, and how much is "limited use”. You can reproduce something for: 1. Analyzing or criticizing it; 2. Make multiple classroom copies.

Fair use is extremely important for culture and scholarship. If it did not exist, copyright owners may not want to give permission for others to criticize or parody their work.

Fair use is considered on a case-by-case basis; if someone sues you for copyright infringement, and the court finds that it was infringement, you can use fair use as a defense. The court then considers these four factors: a. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; b. the nature of the copyrighted work; c. the amount and substantially of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and d. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. As you can see, the “nonprofit educational purpose” carve-out is right at the top, and the first factor is usually considered to be the most important.

It is important to remember that there are definite lines to be drawn when it comes to fair use.

Music in Education and the T E A C H Act (technology, education, and Copyright Harmonization Act) Passed in 2002, this law is an effort to make explicit how copyright works in online and distance education. May not apply to a classroom teacher; however, if taking or teaching a college, online course, you should familiarize yourself with it.

Multiple Classroom Copies Many teachers are not familiar with what can be copied (ie lyrics).

Single Copies For research or preparation for a class, a teacher can copy book chapters, magazine and newspaper articles, short stories and poems, diagrams, and pictures. Multiple Copies A teacher can make multiple copies (one per pupil in a course) of something for classroom use or discussion, as long as:

a. Poems are less than 250 words and two pages, prose is less than 2,500 words or an excerpt, and only one diagram/picture is copied from a single work; b. The copying is at the inspiration of the individual teacher and it would be unreasonable to take the time to get permission to use the work; c. The copying is only for the one class; d. There is no more than one poem/article/story or two excerpts copied from the same author or more than three from the same collective work during one class term; and e. There are no more than nine instances of multiple copying for one class during its term. Does Copyright Protection Last Forever? No. The Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act extended copyright protection to the duration of the author's life plus seventy years. After that period is up, the work goes into the public domain, which means that it is public property and available for use by anyone. This means that many of the literary works (pretty much anything before the 20th century) can be used and distributed in any way you like. Soundtracks for Learning (info in citations) has many resources listed as well as information on legal issues pertaining to using music in the classroom. The webpage is concise and helpful. http://www.musicandlearning.com/about_use_rights.cfm

Finding the Music and Downloading It There are many sources for music 1. Sites for teachers; 2. Common sites; and 3. Your own music library Teacher Sites Songs for Teaching – Can purchase most children’s musicians’ music Songdrops for Teachers – Free songs with videos, lyrics and chords (one artist) Common Sites Kididdles – Free public domain songs; free lyric sheets CD Baby – More for independent artists The Most popular download sites are : iTunes, Rhapsody, Amazon, , eMusic, WalMart, Zune, Puretracks

Purchasing the song Go to site ~ Choose song ~ Follow prompts

Song will download to you computer upon completion purchase Songs will go to : 1. Your default media player; 2. Your desktop; OR 3. If you can’t find it, go to the SEARCH button and type in the name

“I Like to Jump!” This song uses a familiar style and sound to capture attention without violating copyright.

Piggyback songs are songs that use an already known melody. The melodies used are usually public domain.

A word about the Clip Art being used in this presentation. As with all art forms, images are protected under copyright law. You may use images : 1. If you own them; 2. If you’ve purchased them and the rights to use them; OR 3. Microsoft gives you the rights to use any clipart that is associated with a program you have purchased from them.

Here is a site to help you find FREE clip art : http://tinyurl.com/8yoq2dc When urls are too long, turn them into tiny urls by going to the tiny url website. Now that you know this, you want to bring what you’ve downloaded into your classroom for use. Let’s look into that ~ ~

Making a CD to use in your classroom ~ ~ To put a song on your iPad/iPod or computer, you must : A. Create a list of songs to burn from your default music player 1. iTunes 2. Microsoft Media Play From there, you can: 1. Copy onto a disc or flashdrive; 2. Copy to a CD; or 3. Play on the computer/iPad/iPod that has the iTunes file B. Songs can be downloaded onto : 1. CD 2. Flashdrive 3. Computer / iPad C. Burn onto a CD or copy list to flashdrive 1. Insert flashdrive into computer 2. Drag music files to the flashdrive

3. Drag music files to blank CD. There are two types a. CDR – recordable b. CDW – writeable (you can record over something)

D. These songs can now be played by inserting the CD / flashdrive into the media you wish to use How to convert your power point into a zip version For users with Windows 7, Windows XP or Windows Vista: 1. Find the file the you want to zip 2. Right click on the file 3. Go to “Send to” 4. Select Compressed “Zipped” Folder 5. Email the Compressed folder to your recipient If you have an operating system older than 2007, you will need to either simply compress the power point file or download a “Zipping” Program. Popular ones include WinZip and 7-zip (which is free)

To compress a power point file: Compress PowerPoint in Versions Before 2007: 1. Open your power point presentation 2. Click File Menu and then Save as 3. In the save dialog box, click the Tools drop down menu 4. Select Compress Pictures 5. Select All Pictures in document 6. Select Web/Screen unless you need to be able to print the presenation in high quality. 7. Select Compress pictures and Delete cropped areas of pictures 8. Click OK 9. Confirm that you want to Compress Pictures (if the dialog appears) 10. Save your presentation to a new file name (example: oct_reports_compressed.ppt) 11. Click Save

Basic Facts about Technology and Children Birth Through Third Grade The following are key messages from the statement from the NAEYC and The Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at St. Vincent’s College on using technology with children PreK – Third Grade.

1. When used intentionally and appropriately, technology is an effective tool to support learning and development; 2. In order to use technology intentionally, teachers need information and resources; 3. Through ongoing professional development, teachers learn to effectively select, use, integrate and evaluate technology; 4. It is important to limit children’s use of technology and media; 5. Educators must be more selective when choosing technology to use with infants and toddlers; 6. Teachers must ensure equal access to technology and model good digital citizenship; 7. The early childhood field needs ongoing research on the use of technology with young children. Voice Thread is a website that allows users to create multimedia slideshows or ‘threads” and then open them to other users for collaboration or commentary. This allows for families to participate in projects. They offer a free account specifically for educators called the VTeducator. Story Kit (free on iPad) allows making of your own book to which you can ad pictures and audio and then share. A program for iPads invented by Eitan Schwartz, MD. Available for free for a short time. To check it out, go to http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/zillydilly-for-ipad/id492673037?mt=8 Why teachers need to have the tools available and know how to use them (OR ~ Why this workshop is so important to you!)

Children in early childhood classrooms interact with peers when using computers. They share and help one another, ask for and provide information and explanations and collaborate to solve problems. (Heft & Swaminathan 2002; Wand & Ching 2003)

Adult guidance for children using computers is associated with increases in abstract reasoning, planning behavior, visual-motor coordination and visual memory. (Primavera, Wiederlight & DiGiacommo 2001; Nir-Gal & Klein 2004)

When children use computers with adult support, their math concepts increase for number recognition, counting, shape recognition and composition and sorting. (Primavera, Wiederlight & DiGiacommo 2001; Clements & Sarama 2007)

Researchers observe greater collaboration among preschoolers when they use interactive whiteboards (IWBs) than when they use traditional desktop computers (non touch screen with mouse and keyboard). (Wood 2001)

Usability studies with the newest technologies, particularly mobile ones such as tablets, find that preschool children learn to use the devices quickly, independently and confidently and explore more freely. (Couse & Chen 2010; Michael Cohen Group & USDOE 2011)

A study with iPod touch devices and PBS created content for children ages 3 – 7 found that children made gains in vocabulary and phonological awareness, with children ages 3 – 5 making the most gains. (Chong & Shuler 2010)

Researchers found children using iPads consistently had greater gains in phonemic awareness and ability to represent sounds with letters. (Bebell, Dorris & Muir 2012)

According to practical research by Rena Shifflet, Cheri Toledo and Cassandra Mattoon using a lab school at Illinois State University, children who use computers more frequently and at a more proficient level demonstrated more social skill gains and fewer problem behaviors in kindergarten.

As a new generation of children enters preschool, early childhood educators may find that children growing up with technology so fully integrated into their lives may approach and process new material differently than previous generations. (Prensky, 2001a, 2001b; Oblinger & Oblinger 2005; Zevenbergen & Logan 2008)

Artists Who Give Permission for Classroom Use (as long as credit is given) List compiled by Maryann “Mar.” Harman With help from Childrens’ Music Network When should credit be given: 1. When teacher presents song to students she says who wrote it; 2. If the lyrics are printed anywhere, or song is used in a video, songwriter name is shown and if possible copyright info at bottom; 3. If and when the song is performed in assembly, the name of the songwriter is said, or if there is a program the name is shown; and 4. If the song is shared with other teachers, anywhere, songwriter credit should be written or verbally said. CDB = CD Baby SFT = Songs for Teaching iT = iTunes Performer’s Name Website CDB SFT iT Anna E. Kravis www.annaekravis.com * * Banana Slug String Band www.bananaslugstringband.com Barry Louis Polisar www.barrylou.com/currentCDs.html * * * Battersby Duo http://www.battersbyduo.com * * * Beth & Scott and Friends www.bethandscott.net Bill Harley -storyteller www.billharley.com Bonnie www.bonnielockhart.com Dave Kinnoin. the song wizard www.songwizard.com Debbie Clement www.rainbowswithinreach.com Fran McKinney www.franmckinney.com * Gari Stein* www.little-folks-music.com Jeanie B! www.JeanieBmusic.com Jenny Heitler-Klevans www.TwoofaKind.com Joanie Calem, Sing Along www.joaniecalem.com * ^ Judy Ginsburgh www.judymusic.com * * * Judy Pancoast www.judypancoast.com Katherine Dines www.hunktabunkta.com Kathleen Gibson www.kathleengibson.com Kathy Reid-Naiman www.merriweather.ca Kim Wallach [email protected] Margie La Bella www.musictherapytunes.com Miss Carole of Macaroni Soup www.macaronisoup.com Miss Dylan Parties by Dylan & Co www.Partiesbydylan.com Monty Harper www.montyharper.com Music with Mar. www.musicwithmar.com * * * Nancy Schimmel www.sisterschoice.com Pam Donkin www.pamdonkin.com * * * Patricia Shih www.patriciashih.com Sally Rogers www.sallyrogers.com Sammie Hayes www.sammiehaynes.com * * Sue Trainor www.SueTrainor.com Sulinha Boucher www.sulinha.com Susan Salidor www.susansalidor.com Barry offers FREE songs (Mp3s), album by album and lyrics http://www.barrylou.com/lyricLink.html Pam Donkin has FREE downloads at her site LIKE Banana Slug FB Page and get free downloads (every so often) CITATIONS

Brewer, Chris. “Soundtracks for Learning”. LifeSounds Educational Services, Bellingham, WA 2008

Copyright Crash Course. “The TEACH Act”. Georgia K Harper. Univ of Texas 2001, 2007. http://copyright.lib.utexas.edu/teachact.html

LifeSounds. “What’s Right About Use Rights?” Chris Brewer. LifeSounds. Accessed May 2012. http://www.musicandlearning.com/about_use_rights.cfm

MENC. “Copyright Law. What Teachers Need to Know”. Ken Schlager. National Association of Music Educators. April 2008 http://www.menc.org/resources/view/copyright-law-what-music-teachers-need-to-know

Young Children. “Technology and Young Children”. Various Authors. May 2012. Vol 67. No. 3