DOCSLIB.ORG

Genital Warts Genital Herpes Pubic Lice Thrush

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genital Warts Genital Herpes Pubic Lice Thrush Genital Warts Genital Herpes Pubic Lice Thrush Genital warts can be external or Genital herpes is a common STI and Pubic lice are tiny parasitic insects Candida albicans is a yeast that internal. In women, warts can be is caused by a virus, which is easily that live in coarse body hair, such lives harmlessly in the vagina, found in or around the vagina, passed on during sex with an as pubic hair, underarm and leg mouth and gut. Occasionally vulva, cervix or anus. infected partner. hair, the abdomen and chest, conditions change and the yeast In men the warts can be found on or eyelashes, and occasionally in multiplies, causing the infection around the penis, scrotum, urethra eyebrows and beards. known as thrush. What is it? or anus. 3 out of 4 women will have thrush at some point in their lives. Genital warts are caused by a virus There are two types of the virus – Getting pubic lice has nothing to do Your chances of developing thrush known as Human Pailloma Virus known as herpes simplex virus I and with poor personal hygiene, as they are increased if you: (HPV) which can cause visible or II – which are found on the mouth are passed on through close body • Are pregnant; invisible warts on the hands, feet or and nose (cold sores); on the genital contact or sexual contact. • Wear restrictive clothing; genital area. and anal area; and on the eyes, Occasionally, pubic lice can be • Are taking certain antibiotics; fingers and hands. spread by clothing, bedding and • Have diabetes; towels. • Are unwell or ill; Causes • Use products that can cause irritation, such as vaginal deodorant; • Have sex with someone with thrush. From one person to another during From one person to another during From one person to another during From one person to another if you sex and by skin-to-skin contact with sex and by skin-to-skin contact with sex and by skin-to-skin contact with have vaginal, anal and oral sex, or someone who has the wart virus. a herpes simplex sore. someone who has pubic lice. by using fingers during foreplay. You won’t know you have the virus Often there are no symptoms or unless you have a sexual health they may be so mild you do not check. know you have the virus. Passed on Genital Warts Genital Herpes Pubic Lice Thrush Use condoms for vaginal, anal and • Avoid kissing when your Avoid close contact and sex with Use condoms for vaginal, anal and oral sex. partner has cold sores anyone who has pubic lice, until oral sex. around the mouth; they have been treated. • Avoid oral sex when your partner has mouth or genital sores; • Avoid genital contact when you or your partner has genital sores; and Protection • Avoid vaginal, anal or oral sex if you feel an episode of herpes beginning. Using a condom may reduce your chances of getting or passing on genital herpes. Most people infected will not have In most people, it takes around 3-4 The symptoms are the same for men Women: • Itching, soreness and any visible signs or symptoms at all, days for symptoms to appear after and women, and it can take several redness around the and it can take from two weeks to infection, although it can take weeks after coming into contact vagina, vulva and anus; several months before warts may several weeks. However, many with pubic lice before the following • A thick, white vaginal appear. people will not have any visible signs and symptoms may occur: discharge which smell If you do get visible warts you may signs or symptoms. • Itching in the affected area; yeasty and looks like notice small, fleshy growths, bumps If you do get symptoms, the usual • Black powdery droppings cottage cheese; or skin changes in the genital or pattern is for a first episode of from the lice in you • Pain when passing anal region. They can be flat, genital herpes to be extremely underwear; urine; smooth, small bumps or quite large, uncomfortable with small, fluid- • Brown eggs on pubic or other • Pain when having sex. pink, cauliflower-like lumps. filled blisters in the genital/anal body hair; Warts can appear on their own or in area which burst to leave painful • Irritation and inflammation Men: • Irritation, burning or groups and are usually painless. sores; stinging or itching in the in the affected area; and itching under the Symptoms They may occasionally itch, cause genital area; pain passing urine; • Sky-blue spots or tiny specks foreskin or the tip of inflammation, or cause bleeding and, feeling generally unwell. of blood on the skin. the penis; from the anus or urethra. This will usually clear up in a week • Redness on the tip of with treatment. the penis or under the Recurrent episodes are less foreskin; common, less painful and heal • Thick discharge under quickly. the foreskin; • Difficulty in pulling back the foreskin. Genital Warts Genital Herpes Pubic Lice Thrush Visible warts can be removed by: Treatment aims to relieve pain and Pubic lice cannot go away without Treatment for thrush comes in the • Painting a liquid chemical prevent the virus from multiplying treatment. form of antifungal cream, pessaries, onto them; by taking antiviral tablets. To speed Treatment involves using a special pills or a combination. Some people • Using a liquid or cream at the process of healing and ease cream, lotion or shampoo on the get frequent episodes of thrush. If home; discomfort you can try the affected area and the doctor, nurse this occurs you and your partner • Freezing (cryotherapy); following: or pharmacist will advise you on should seek medical advice. In the • Heat (electrocautery); • Apply an icepack to the area how to use the treatment. You do meantime to reduce chances of • Surgery; in discomfort; not need to shave off your pubic further episodes try the tips: • Cool, wet tea bags can sooth hair. • Avoid wearing tight clothing, such • Laser treatment; or • Injecting a drug directly into the area; Clothing, bedding and towels need as tights, nylon underwear or the wart. • Bathe in warm, salted water; to be washed on a very hot cycle to leggings; Treatment As genital warts are caused by a • Drink extra fluids; avoid re-infection. • Use pads rather than tampons virus and not bacteria, antibiotics • Wear loose clothing; during periods; will not get rid of them. • A cool shower may help to • Avoid perfumed soap, genital soothe the sores. sprays and deodorants and other irritants; • Make sure the vagina is well lubricated before sex. www.fpa.org.uk www.fpa.org.uk www.fpa.org.uk www.fpa.org.uk http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articl es/article.aspx?articleID=392 es/article.aspx?articleID=173 es/article.aspx?articleID=87 Further Info .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A. Syphilis Is a Systemic, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Caused by the Treponema Pallidum Bacterium
    Oklahoma State Department of Health 03-2018 Revised SYPHILIS I. DEFINITION: A. Syphilis is a systemic, sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium. B. It can cause long-term complications if not treated correctly. Symptoms in adults are divided into stages. These stages are described below in the Clinical Features. Syphilis has been called ‘the great imitator’ because it has so many possible symptoms, many of which look like symptoms from other diseases. The painless syphilis chancre that clients get after they are first infected can be confused for an ingrown hair, zipper cut, or other seemingly harmless bump. Many times the client does not know they had a sore. The non-itchy body rash that develops during the second stage of syphilis can show up on the palms of the client’s hands and soles of their feet, all over the body, or in just a few places. The rash is usually bilateral, meaning it appears equally on both sides of the body. C. The three means of syphilis transmission are: 1. Person to person via vaginal, anal, or oral sex through direct contact with a syphilis chancre. 2. Person to person during foreplay, even when there is no penetrative sex (much less common). 3. Pregnant mother with syphilis to fetus - very serious complications may occur (fetal demise, long bone deformities, “saddle nose”). II. CLINICAL FEATURES: If left untreated, the disease progresses through several stages during which the infected person may or may not be symptomatic. The DIS and ‘Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm’ (Appendix 1) can assist with staging.
    [Show full text]
  • Genital Herpes
    Genital herpes FACT SHEET Summary Published Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the 2016 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Once a person is infected with HSV, the virus stays in the body for life. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be transmitted through sexual contact. Genital herpes is an HSV infection of the groin, pubic CONTACT US area, genital area, anus, rectum or buttocks. by telephone 1-800-263-1638 All people who are sexually active may be at risk for 416-203-7122 genital herpes. by fax Many people with genital herpes have no symptoms or the 416-203-8284 symptoms are very mild so they go unnoticed or are mistaken for another skin condition. The most common symptoms of by e-mail genital herpes are lesions, which appear as painful blisters in [email protected] the genital area. by mail 555 Richmond Street West To test for genital herpes, samples are taken from the sites of Suite 505, Box 1104 suspected infection and tested for the presence of the virus. Toronto ON M5V 3B1 Blood tests can also be used to determine if HSV-1 or HSV-2 is present in the body. Antiviral medications can reduce the severity and frequency of genital herpes outbreaks. Genital herpes increases the risk of HIV transmission. Correct and consistent condom use and antiviral medication can reduce the risk of genital herpes transmission. Key messages on genital herpes for clients are available at the end of this fact sheet. The words we use here – CATIE is committed to using language that is relevant to everyone.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpes: a Patient's Guide
    Herpes: A Patient’s Guide Herpes: A Patient’s Guide Introduction Herpes is a very common infection that is passed through HSV-1 and HSV-2: what’s in a name? ....................................................................3 skin-to-skin contact. Canadian studies have estimated that up to 89% of Canadians have been exposed to herpes simplex Herpes symptoms .........................................................................................................4 type 1 (HSV-1), which usually shows up as cold sores on the Herpes transmission: how do you get herpes? ................................................6 mouth. In a British Columbia study, about 15% of people tested positive for herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), which Herpes testing: when is it useful? ..........................................................................8 is the type of herpes most commonly thought of as genital herpes. Recently, HSV-1 has been showing up more and Herpes treatment: managing your symptoms ...................................................10 more on the genitals. Some people can have both types of What does herpes mean to you: receiving a new diagnosis ......................12 herpes. Most people have such minor symptoms that they don’t even know they have herpes. What does herpes mean to you: accepting your diagnosis ........................14 While herpes is very common, it also carries a lot of stigma. What does herpes mean to you: dating with herpes ....................................16 This stigma can lead to anxiety, fear and misinformation
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Dermatology Describing Rashes and Lesions
    Dermatology for the Non-Dermatologist May 30 – June 3, 2018 - 1 - Fundamentals of Dermatology Describing Rashes and Lesions History remains ESSENTIAL to establish diagnosis – duration, treatments, prior history of skin conditions, drug use, systemic illness, etc., etc. Historical characteristics of lesions and rashes are also key elements of the description. Painful vs. painless? Pruritic? Burning sensation? Key descriptive elements – 1- definition and morphology of the lesion, 2- location and the extent of the disease. DEFINITIONS: Atrophy: Thinning of the epidermis and/or dermis causing a shiny appearance or fine wrinkling and/or depression of the skin (common causes: steroids, sudden weight gain, “stretch marks”) Bulla: Circumscribed superficial collection of fluid below or within the epidermis > 5mm (if <5mm vesicle), may be formed by the coalescence of vesicles (blister) Burrow: A linear, “threadlike” elevation of the skin, typically a few millimeters long. (scabies) Comedo: A plugged sebaceous follicle, such as closed (whitehead) & open comedones (blackhead) in acne Crust: Dried residue of serum, blood or pus (scab) Cyst: A circumscribed, usually slightly compressible, round, walled lesion, below the epidermis, may be filled with fluid or semi-solid material (sebaceous cyst, cystic acne) Dermatitis: nonspecific term for inflammation of the skin (many possible causes); may be a specific condition, e.g. atopic dermatitis Eczema: a generic term for acute or chronic inflammatory conditions of the skin. Typically appears erythematous,
    [Show full text]
  • GET YOURSELF TESTED Testing Is Confidential
    GET YOURSELF TESTED Testing is confidential. If you are under 18 years old, you can consent to be checked and treated for STIs. • Warts may grow on or around the genital area virus will still be in your body and you may still pass (penis, scrotum, vagina, vulva), the anus, or mouth. it during sex. They can also grow inside the body where they are hard to see. • Talk with your provider about when it’s safe to have • Usually are painless, but if the warts are injured, sex after getting treatment. they may become sore when touched. • It’s important to talk with your partner(s) about any sexually transmitted infections (STIs) you may have. Why Does It Matter? • Certain types of HPV can lead to cervical cancer in To Learn More females, or cancer of the penis in males. Some types of HPV may also lead to oral or anal cancer. Contact a health care provider or your local STI clinic. • In some cases, warts can become quite large and To learn more about STIs, or to find your local STI cause discomfort. clinic, visit www.health.ny.gov/STD. • A small percentage of pregnant people with You can find other STI testing locations at genital warts can pass the virus to the baby https://gettested.cdc.gov. during birth. Partners Because symptoms of HPV can take a long time to show up, if at all, it’s hard to know when a person first got it. • If you have genital warts, tell your partner(s) so they can be checked by a health care provider, and treated if they have them.
    [Show full text]
  • Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD)1 Kathleen H
    VM-149 Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD)1 Kathleen H. Hartman, Roy P.E. Yanong, Deborah B. Pouder, B. Denise Petty, Ruth Francis-Floyd, Allen C. Riggs, and Thomas B. Waltzek2 Introduction Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) varieties (Hedrick et al. 2000, Haenen et al. 2004). Common carp is raised as a foodfish in many countries and has also been selectively bred for the ornamental fish industry where it is known as koi. The first recognized case of KHV occurred in the United Kingdom in 1996 (Haenen et al. 2004). Since then other cases have been confirmed in almost all countries that culture koi and/ or common carp with the exception of Australia (Hedrick et al. 2000; Haenen et al. 2004, Pokorova et al. 2005). This information sheet is intended to inform veterinarians, biologists, fish producers and hobbyists about KHV disease. What Is KHV? Figure 1. Koi with mottled gills and sunken eyes due to koi Koi herpesvirus (also known as Cyprinid herpesvirus 3; herpesvirus disease. Credit: Deborah B. Pouder, University of Florida CyHV3) is classified as a double-stranded DNA virus herpesvirus, based on virus morphology and genetics, and belonging to the family Alloherpesviridae (which includes is closely related to carp pox virus (Cyprinid herpesvirus fish herpesviruses). The work of Waltzek and colleagues 1; CyHV1) and goldfish hematopoietic necrosis virus (Waltzek et al. 2005, 2009) revealed that KHV is indeed a (Cyprinid herpesvirus 2; CyHV2). Koi herpesvirus disease has been diagnosed in koi and common carp (Hedrick 1.
    [Show full text]
  • HPV) Infection and Genital Warts (Modified from Revised Canadian STI Treatment Guidelines 2008
    655 West 12th Avenue Clinical Prevention Services – Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4 STI Control: Tel 604.707.2443 604.707.5600 Fax604.707.2441 604.707.5604 www.bccdc.ca www.SmartSexResource.com Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Genital Warts (Modified from revised Canadian STI Treatment Guidelines 2008) General Information: • Genital HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections affecting sexually active people. • There are about 140 HPV types, 100 of those cause minimal symptoms such as warts on the hands/feet or other parts of the body or may cause no symptoms at all. • 40 HPV types affect the genital area. o 25–27 out of 40 HPV types are low risk HPV which can cause either external genital warts or non-cancerous changes to the cervix in sexually active females. o 13-15 out of 40 HPV types are high risk HPV and may cause to abnormal cell changes in men and women; particularly cancer of the cervix in women. Natural History of Genital Warts: • A low risk HPV infection is usually not a serious or long term health concern and does not cause cancer. • Genital warts are almost always spread to others through direct, genital, skin to skin contact. • >91% of people with a history of a genital HPV infection that have a healthy immune system, will clear the virus or suppress the virus into a non detectable, dormant state. • If no visible wart is seen within 2 years it is considered a resolved infection unlikely to reappear or be spread to an uninfected partner.
    [Show full text]
  • Fowl-Pox in Domestic Poultry by E
    STATION BULLETIN 411 AUGUST 1942 Fowl-pox in Domestic Poultry by E. M. DICKINSON Oregon State System of Higher Education Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword 3 Summary 4 Economic Importance 5 Occurrence of the Disease 6 Cause of Transmission 7 Other Pox Viruses 7 The Transmission 7 Inportance of Injury for Spread 7 Symptoms and Lesions 8 The Symptoms 8 Two Kinds of Lesions 8 Lesions 8 ISkinMucous Membrane Lesions 9 Treatments 10 Treatment for Eye Lesions 10 Treatment for Lesions in Windpipe 10 Vaccination Not a Treatment for Sick Birds 11 Fowl-pox Vaccine a Preventive 11 Vaccination Prevents Fowl-pox 11 Two Kinds of Vaccines 11 Methods of Applying Vaccine to Chickens or Turkeys 12 Examine for "Takes" 12 Length of Immunity 14 Age to Vaccinate Chickens 14 Field Trials on Baby Chick Vaccination 15 Materials and Methods 15 Results of Field Trials 17 Discussion of Baby Chick Vaccination 18 Illustration on Cover- Wart-like fowl-pox lesions on comb of chicken. t_k_n_l_..__oI__$I._._.n_fl_u._ln_fl_uIlI_IIII_II_P_II_fl_ft._UN_NR_* FOREWORD Fowl-pox still causes unnecessary economic losses for many poultrymen despite the ready availability, for several years, of a successful pre- ventive program.This bulletin provides infor- mation that will assist poultry producers to a better understanding of the fowl-pox problem. The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station has been instrumental in developing and encour- aging the use of the fowl-pox vaccination pro- gram under proper circumstances.Minor inves- tigations concerning fowl-pox are constantly in progress to develop new information and to estab- lish a sound basis for improving the already suc- cessful fowl-pox vaccination program.
    [Show full text]
  • Pediatric Viral Exanthema: a Review Article
    J Pediatr Rev. 2017 July; 5(2):e9487. doi: 10.5812/jpr.9487. Published online 2017 April 15. Review Article Pediatric Viral Exanthema: A Review Article Mohammed Jafar Saffar,1 Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni,2,* and Mohammad Raeasian3 1Infectious Disease Research Center with Focus on Nosocomial Infection, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran 2Department of Dermatology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran 3General Practitioner, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran *Corresponding author: Dr Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni, MD, Pasdaran Boulevard, Bo Ali Sina Hospital, Sari, Mazandaran Province, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9125443956, E-mail: [email protected] Received 2016 October 25; Revised 2017 March 07; Accepted 2017 March 13. Abstract Context: Many diseases caused by viral agents are associated with fever and cutaneous manifestations. Viral exanthema is a widespread nonspecific skin rash, commonly characterized by generalized eruption of erythematous macules and papular lesions. Although these rashes are mostly benign and self-limited, some may be serious and life-threatening. Differentiation between severe and benign types is clinically important and life-saving. Evidence Acquisition: In this narrative review, electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed (including Medline), Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, and Scopus, were searched. We conducted a narrative review of papers published on pediatric viral exanthema during 2000 - 2016. The used keywords included “viral exanthema”, “fever”, and “skin rash”. Articles on skin rash, caused by drug reactions or nonviral exanthema, were excluded. Results: Different viral agents can cause different types of skin reactions. Cutaneous manifestations and skin rashes can be cate- gorized, based on the form of the rash (macular, papular, vesicular, blistery, petechial, and purpuric) or the general term, which denotes illnesses such as measles-like morbilliform rash, rubella or rubelliform rash, and scarlatiniform rash, a scarlet-fever like infection.
    [Show full text]
  • HPV Induced Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia : Case Report
    International J. of Healthcare and Biomedical Research, Volume: 2, Issue: 4, July 2014, Pages 58-62 Case Report: HPV induced Proliferative verrucous Leukoplakia : Case Report Dr Gopal Sharma, Dr Deepa Das , Dr Prachi Naik , Dr Jaya Mukherjee Oral Medicine and Radiology Department, YMT Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai. India Corresponding author: Dr Jaya Mukherjee Abstract: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a recently delineated entity that is defined as a diffuse, white and smooth or papillary or wart like area of the oral mucosa caused by varying degrees of epithelial hyperplasia. 1 The synonymous term is oral florid papillomatosis. Ismail mullah a 32yr old man reported to Ymt Dental College and Hospital with a chief complaint of a white growth protruding out of the mouth since 1 yr. Patient also reported of esthetic concern and reduced mouth opening due to the growth. The patient first noticed a small white growth 1 year back in the lower left region of the mouth. The patient ignored the growth since it was small and painless. PVL has different features in these populations. Treatment recommendation includes multiple techniques such as CO2 laser surgery, surgery with radiotherapy, cryotherapy, retinoid, systemic vitamin A, bleomycin and photodynamic therapy. 12 Whether PVL progresses especially rapidly in Asian or Indian populations requires further investigation. Thehealth of these patients, especially their immune status,warrants examination for its contribution to the aetiology of PVL. Introduction : time, becomes exophytic and wart like, display Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a verrucal projections and areas of erythematous recently delineated entity that is defined as a change within white patches, and have the diffuse, white and smooth or papillary or wart like appearance of verrucous and nodular leukoplakia.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Discussion
    Diagnostic Discussion Diagnostic Discussion By Drs. Indraneel Bhattacharyya and Nadim Islam A 44-year-old female was referred to Dr. Daniel Lauer, a periodontist in Palm Beach Gardens, Fla., for evaluation of a mildly symptomatic lesion on the palate (Fig. 1) by her dentist, Dr. Jimmy Chen, also of Palm Beach Gardens. The patient reported a his- tory of food-related trauma to her palate four to six weeks before the lesion appeared. She complained of mild irritation in the area, especially on food con- sumption. Her medical history was non-contributory and she reports no prior history of similar lesions. Fig. 1 She is a non-smoker. The lesion appeared slightly “bumpy” on the surface and was slightly reddish- to flesh-colored. It measured approximately 1 x 0.4 cm and was roughly rectangular in shape. Slight ery- thema was noted around the lesion. The lesion was entirely excised and submitted to the University of Florida College of Dentistry Oral Pathology Biopsy Service. The biopsy showed a papillary proliferation of epithelium with significantly thickened keratin with elongated rete ridges and foamy cells in the connec- tive tissue (Fig. 2). Question: Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Verrucous Leukoplakia B. Verruca Vulgaris C. Condyloma Acuminatum (venereal wart) D. Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck’s Disease) E. Verruciform Xanthoma Fig. 2 Please see DIAGNOSTIC, 50 www.floridadental.org May/June 2014 Today's FDA 49 Diagnostic Discussion DIAGNOSTIC from 49 ated with the human papilloma virus are mostly reported on the lingual fre- (HPV). Verruca vulgaris is associated num, soft palate and the labial mucosa, Diagnostic with HPV, HPV-2, HPV-4 and HPV- supposedly related to sites of abrasion 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Wart Treatment
    Wart Treatment Skin Warts Common skin warts (also called cutaneous warts) are raised round or oval growths. A wart may be lighter or darker than the skin around it. Some warts may have tiny black dots in them, often called seeds. The dots are small, clotted blood vessels. Warts may occur alone or in larger groups that merge and form patches. You can become infected with the virus that causes warts buy touching another person’s wart. The virus is more likely to infect skin that is injured or softened by water, but it can infect healthy skin as well. It can take up to six months after exposure to the virus for a wart to appear. Who gets skin warts? Skin warts are most common in children and young adults. People who have chronic skin conditions, such as eczema, many have more extensive warts or warts that are difficult to control. Where do warts occur? Skin Warts can occur in the following locations: Common skin warts, also call verruca vulgaris, can occur on any area skin, but are often seen on the fingers, hands knees, and elbows. When common warts are located around the fingernails, they are call periungual warts. Plantar warts are found on the soles of the feet. Flat warts are most commonly found on the back of the hands face, and lower legs. Skin Wart Diagnosis: Skin warts can usually be diagnosed based upon how they look. Skin biopsy or other testing is not usually necessary. Skin Wart Treatment: Treatment of warts depends upon where the wart is located and how much it bothers you.
    [Show full text]