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“Within the Seat of War”

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“Within the Seat of War” BLANK “WITHIN THE SEAT OF WAR” “The whole world is in a state of chassis”: Dublin Port in a ...4 time of War: 1914 to 1918 “Run silent, run deep”: The history of the submarine ...6 “Unrestricted submarine warfare”: The U-boat threat 1914 - 1918 ...8 The life of the SS Hare: A tale of solidarity, hope and stout ...10 The final voyage of the SS Hare ...13 The life of the SS Adela: A Tedcastle ship ...16 The final voyage of the SS Adela ...18 SS Hare and SS Adela crew lists ...21 Obituaries, biographies and survivors’ stories ...22 Submarine victims: Help for dependents in Dublin ...37 The first of the famous Guinness fleet - Torpedoed in 1917 ...39 Commander Ernst-Friedrich Hashagen (U-62): “U-Boat Westwards” ...41 Kapitänleutnant Freiherr Degenhart von Loë (U-100) ...44 A publication of The Adela-Hare Centenary Commemoration Committee Second Edition, December 2017 Email: [email protected] Find us on Facebook: www.fb.com/adelahare1917 “WITHIN THE SEAT OF WAR” T r o o p s a t N o r t h W a l l ( S p e n c e r D o c k ) 1 4 t h A u g u s t 1 9 1 4 “The whole world is in a state of chassis” Dublin Port in a time of War: 1914 to 1918 “...His Majesty's Government declared to tended. Troops, animals, vehicles and equip - the German Government that a state of war ment would pass through here on the way to exists between Great Britain and Germany as the battlefields of France and Belgium. from 11pm on August 4, 1914.” Just days after Britain entered the war it is ith these words Ireland, as part of the reported that thousands of people gathered on WUnited Kingdom would inevitably the Quays to wave goodbye to reservists head - find itself involved in the global conflict that ing overseas “most enthusiastic for England, would continue until November 1918. singing and playing God Save the King, an un - The consequences for cities and towns heard of thing hitherto”. Troop movement across the thirty-two counties would be pro - would become a two-way traffic as the injured, found over this period, but for the Dublin the maimed and horrifically scarred would Docklands and the surrounding community the soon arrive back via North Wall. This began as effects were immediate. early as September, with the first ship carrying Much of Dublin Port was immediately over 600 wounded men. An average of 400 seized by the military, with the North Wall Ex - would have been on these ships. A letter writer tension and Alexandra Quay taken over com - to the Irish Times in 1915 would ask “Cannot pletely on the day war was declared. There was something be done before the next hospital some easing of this militarisation over time but ship comes to Dublin to improve the awful sur - North Wall Extension remained under military face of the roadway down the North Wall? Its control for the duration of the war. Quay-side present condition is a disgrace to our city. The sheds were converted for use by troops and arrangements today at the ships’ side and at the built onto, and a section of the boundary wall various hospitals were admirable and worked was removed to allow the rail line to be ex - with perfect smoothness, but the passage from the dockyard gates to Carlisle Bridge must have been an inferno for badly wounded men”. three weeks after hostilities began, on 23rd Au - n the early years of the war, within the gust 1914. On this day, the Royal Irish Fusiliers IDocklands (as in other working-class dis - lost 350 men at the Battle of Mons, Belgium, tricts) recruitment was high. The motivation one of the first major engagements of the War. for joining up was varied. These propaganda (Originally hailing from Cork, just over two posters are clearly targeted at different poten - years later his brother Thomas would die at tial recruits. Loyalty to the King and Great Ypres, also serving with the Fusiliers). Many Britain was certainly a factor for some; while local employers enthusiastically supported the many Nationalist recruits would have hoped war effort. The London North Western Rail - that their service would be rewarded with way (LNWR) lost 13 staff associated with its home rule after a British vic - North Wall Depot, killed in Europe. tory. The Docklands suffered While military control and from grinding poverty, substan - in the early restrictions remained in place dard housing, unemployment years of the for the duration, commerce and casual labour – joining the continued, and for some local forces was paid well, depend - war, within the industrialists, business would ents received a separation al - be booming. In 1902, the Scot - lowance and many employers Docklands ARMY tish born ship builder John could be expected to favour Smellie was part of an endeav - former soldiers, so ‘Economic recruitment our to reinvigorate the indus - conscription’ was rife. Addi - was high. try here. He established the tionally, some workers re - Dublin Dockyard Company mained black-listed after the industrial dispute and by the outbreak of war this had developed of 1913. There are some reports of 200 Dock - into a major local employer. A repair contract ers, apparently known as “The Larkinites”, with the Royal Navy was signed as early as who joined the 7th Battalion of the Royal September 1914. They were soon producing Dublin Fusiliers. The Dublin Metropolitan Po - pontoon bridges, floating targets to train gun lice (DMP) claimed 2000 reservists from the crews, fitting ship gun platforms, depth ITGWU had re-joined their regiments to fight charges, wireless cables, mine laying appli - in France at the start of the war and in 1916 ances, telegraph poles, among other war related Transport Union organiser William Partridge work. They would eventually be repairing tor - stated that over 8,000 had joined up nationally pedo damaged ships following U-boat attacks. by March of that year. Smellie had an ambitious plan to develop an The earliest casualty from the Docklands we aircraft manufacturing company here, but are aware of is 22-year-old William Regan; just while he received the necessary licences he had W o m e n i n t h e D u b l i n D B r o i t c i k s y h a m r d i l W i t a a r r y M r e u c n r u i t i i t o m n e s n C t o p m o s p t a e n r s y “WITHIN THE SEAT OF WAR” difficulty acquiring a landing strip and aban - doned this scheme. Instead he established the Dublin Dockyard War Munitions Company. Between 1915 and early 1919 the factory em - ployed 200 women (mostly local) producing 648,150 shells during this period. Other local industries would also benefit from the conflict – such as T. &C. Martin’s, Timber Merchants, who would manufacture boxes and crates for military use. aster 1916, the capital itself became a Ewar zone, and Dockland residents would get to witness the horrors of combat first hand. Much of the North Dock was placed ““RRuunn ssiilleenntt,, rruunn ddeeeepp”” within a military cordon, and sniper fire and The history of the submarine deadly machine gun bursts would become a “It may be of great advantages against a Navy daily threat. South of the River, Boland’s Mill of enemies, who by this may be undermined in the was one of the main rebel garrisons, and some water and blown up” - John Wilkins, 1648 of the most intense combat of the week took ince human-kind first created a vessel to place near to Mount Street Bridge. A small Stravel across the water, human ingenuity number of artillery shells were fired into both has endeavoured to find a means to travel Grand Canal Quay and East Wall, and some under the water. Through all recorded history tenements on City Quay shook so much from there are references to submersible devices, the booming guns on the Helga that they be - with Greek historians claiming Alexander the came unstable and dangerous to inhabit. Civil - Great used diving bells in the third century BC. ian casualties were significant in Ringsend, In 1620 a Dutch engineer developed a vessel Pearse Street and in other residential areas on that is considered the first practically manoeu - each side of the Liffey. The Dublin Port and vrable submersible. Further successes are noted Docks harbour master himself would have a in the 1700s but it was not until the 19th cen - narrow escape when his driver was shot beside tury that design progressed rapidly. him. As soon as it was possible to navigate under It was almost three and a half years after the the surface, attention turned to how this could declaration of war that the attacks on the SS be turned to destructive purpose. In fact, mem - Hare and SS Adela would occur. Of the thirty- bers of the Fenian brotherhood had entered six souls lost during that tragic Christmas sea - into a partnership with John Philip Holland to son of 1917, seventeen of them came from the develop a submarine that could be utilised Dublin Dockland communities. This means against the British Empire. Their ambitions that this period represents the single biggest were sunk due to a disagreement over financing loss of life locally during the Great War. It is of the project (though the prototype ‘Fenian proper that this is recognised during this, the Ram’ can still be seen on display in New Jer - centenary year.
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