Copie De Situationsanethum

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Copie De Situationsanethum 1. General Context and Security 1.1.The Constitutional Court has definitely validated the UPDATE ON HEALTH AND HUMANITARIAN results of the legislative elections with the following figures: CNDD/FDD with 58.5%; FRODEBU with 21.69%; UPRONA with 7.20%; CNDD with 4.14%; MRC with 2.13% and PARENA with 1.74%. The senatorial election was also validated. The application of Mr Peter Nkurunziza (president of the CNDD/FDD political party) SITUATION IN BURUNDI for the Presidential election was confirmed by the Constitutional Court. Therefore the newly elected parliament members and senate members will SUMMARY July 2005 participate in the election of the new President of Burundi on August 19, 2005 according to the agenda prepared by the National Independent Election Commission. These will the end of the transitional period with the swearing in ceremony of the new President and his government on the August 29, 2005. 1.2.The FNL armed group (non signatory of Arusha agreement) remained the only group which did not participate to the electoral process in Burundi. Negotiations that started with the transitional 2.2. Some Rwandese refugees remained in the north of government did not reach any agreement and could Burundi (Kirundo and Ngozi). The exact figures of resume hopefully with the new elected government. these asylum seekers are not yet known. 1.3.For the UN Staff in Burundi, the security Phase IV is 2.3. The situation of displaced persons in sites has now prevailing in four provinces (Bujumbura Rural, changed: 116.799 for 160 sites. Cibitoke, Bubanza and Bururi). The remaining provinces are in Phase III. The curfew prevails from 11 pm to 6 am. 3. Health and epidemiological situation 2. Humanitarian situation 3.1. Cholera outbreak situation in Cibitoke province: 2.1.According to UNHCR, as of July 30: 19,327 facilitated A cholera outbreak was notified in the province of Cibitoke (45 km north Bujumbura). From 27 June to 8 August 2005, a and 995 spontaneous returnees living in Tanzania have total number of 34 cases and one death were reported. arrived in Burundi in 2005 with a total of 20,322 since the Laboratory confirmed, this outbreak situation benefited from beginning of 2005. It is observed that since the a very satisfactory health intervention (outbreak situation organisation of the communal election, the number of under control) with the contribution of health partners in repatriates from Tanzania has increased.During 2004, support to the provincial team: IRC and UNICEF for water the total number of returnees was 90,245, with 83,849 distribution, ICRC hygiene and sanitation, MSF for drugs facilitated and 6,396 spontaneous. and medical equipment provision, WHO for the coordination of all health interventions during the outbreak. 3.2. Sporadic cases of meningitis in Rutana province: Four sporadic cases of meningitis were reported in Rutana province from 29 July to 5 August 2005. Samples were taken for lab confirmation. Additional information will be available in the next report. 4.5 Evolution des cas de choléra dans la province sanitaire de Cibitoke du 27/06 au 02/08/ 05. 4 3.5 This document is not the official transmission of epidemiological data. 3 2.5 Effectifs 2 1.5 This will be done through the normal channel. 1 0.5 0 27/06/2005 29/06/2005 01/07/2005 03/07/2005 05/07/2005 07/07/2005 09/07/2005 11/07/2005 13/07/2005 15/07/2005 17/07/2005 Date 19/07/2005 21/07/2005 23/07/2005 25/07/2005 Cas Décès 27/07/2005 29/07/2005 31/07/2005 02/08/2005 1 The objective of the said meeting was to start activities of 4. WHO among partners the Group “Health and Development”, to exchange on strategic approaches to better tackle health as a condition 4.1. Photo Album was donated to the President of Burundi to for economic development of the country. Participants of witness the contribution of WHO on Health for Peace and the meeting were representative of UN Agencies, Development in Burundi during the period of 2003 to 2005 : representative of bilateral cooperation and some international NGOs. In the context of WHO contribution to the health for peace and development in Burundi during the year 2003 to 2005, a 4.5. Technical support mission of the WHO to the Ministry of photo album was donated to the President of Burundi with Health for the finalization of National Health Development the presence of the Minister of Health to witness with pictures Plan: the challenges and the achievement s in the health sector. The said album represented main events during the In the context of the preparation of the National Health transitional period where it was important to: (i) mobilise Development Plan for the next five years (2005-2010), WHO response to urgent humanitarian needs; (ii) provide Burundi provided its support with the presence of an international with the existing good opportunities at the global level in the consultant who helped national health authorities to finalize fight against malaria, HIV/AIDS, diseases of infant and the draft document produced on the Health Development maternal mortality; (iii) prepare actively the reconstruction Plan. The final document will be validated in the coming process confirming Peace as an immediate objective and weeks. Development as a perspective. The album was distributed to all major partners and is available (could be donated on request). 4.2. Official launching of the Reference system in Makamba province: In the context of setting up a referral system for emergency obstetrical cases in Makamba province the official ceremony for launching the said system was organised in Makamba province by the Minister of Health, the Resident Coordinator of UN System, WHO Representative and other Representatives of UN Agencies in Burundi. This system is already functional in Muyinga and Karuzi provinces. For Makamba the ceremony was marked by the donation of an ambulance by the WHO and completed with the installation of VHF Radio and solar panels installed in 20 health centers to facilitate communication and referral of emergency cases from peripheral level to Makamba hospital. 4.3. Evaluation of « Home Based Care for People Living with HIV/AIDS » implemented by the WHO: In the context of the follow up of the project “Access to basic drugs for people living with HIV/AIDS” an external evaluation was organized by an international consultant. The main achievements of the project are the following: home Contact: based care has been provided to more than 10,000 people living with HIV/AIDS from 2003 to 2005, an important WHO-Burundi reduction of social exclusion and isolation of patients living Dr. Kossi A. AYIGAN with HIV/AIDS, a significant access to prophylactic treatment of opportunistic diseases. Recommendations from the Health Action in Crises evaluation are the following: rationalize the home based care Phone: (257) 231702 activities, decentralize the project activities, set up a better [email protected] coordination mechanism, and adapt the composition of the drugs kit. 4.4. Organization of the first meeting on « Health and Development » in Burundi: A launching meeting of the Group “Health and Development was organized in the WHO Country Office on July 22, 2005. 2.
Recommended publications
  • Situation Report #2, Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 March 25, 2003 Note: the Last Situation Report Was Dated November 18, 2002
    U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT BUREAU FOR DEMOCRACY, CONFLICT, AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE (DCHA) OFFICE OF U.S. FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE (OFDA) BURUNDI – Complex Emergency Situation Report #2, Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 March 25, 2003 Note: The last situation report was dated November 18, 2002. BACKGROUND The Tutsi minority, which represents 14 percent of Burundi’s 6.85 million people, has dominated the country politically, militarily, and economically since national independence in 1962. Approximately 85 percent of Burundi’s population is Hutu, and approximately one percent is Twa (Batwa). The current cycle of violence began in October 1993 when members within the Tutsi-dominated army assassinated the first freely elected President, Melchoir Ndadaye (Hutu), sparking Hutu-Tutsi fighting. Ndadaye’s successor, Cyprien Ntariyama (Hutu), was killed in a plane crash on April 6, 1994, alongside Rwandan President Habyarimana. Sylvestre Ntibantunganya (Hutu) took power and served as President until July 1996, when a military coup d’etat brought current President Pierre Buyoya (Tutsi) to power. Since 1993, an estimated 300,000 Burundians have been killed. In August 2000, nineteen Burundian political parties signed the Peace and Reconciliation Agreement in Arusha, Tanzania, overseen by peace process facilitator, former South African President Nelson Mandela. The Arusha Peace Accords include provisions for an ethnically balanced army and legislature, and for democratic elections to take place after three years of transitional government. The three-year transition period began on November 1, 2001. President Pierre Buyoya is serving as president for the first 18 months of the transition period, to be followed in May 2003 by a Hutu president for the final 18 months.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Burundi in 2016
    2016 Minerals Yearbook BURUNDI [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior January 2020 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of Burundi By Thomas R. Yager In 2016, the production of mineral commodities—notably can be found in previous editions of the U.S. Geological Survey gold, tantalum, tin, and tungsten—represented only a minor Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International— part of the economy of Burundi (United Nations Economic Africa, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/ Commission for Africa, 2017). The legislative framework for nmic/africa-and-middle-east. the mineral sector in Burundi is provided by the Mining Code of Burundi (law No. 1/21 of October 15, 2013). The legislative Reference Cited framework for the petroleum sector is provided by the Mining United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2017, Burundi, in African and Petroleum Act of 1976. Data on mineral production are statistical yearbook 2017: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, in table 1. Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. p. 113–117. (Accessed November 7, 2018, at https://www.uneca.org/sites/ More-extensive coverage of the mineral industry of Burundi default/files/PublicationFiles/asyb-2017.pdf.) TABLE 1 BURUNDI: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1 (Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified) Commodity2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 METALS Gold, mine, Au contente kilograms 500 400 500 500 500 Niobium and tantalum, mine, columbite-tantalite concentrate: Gross weight do. 258,578 73,518 105,547 53,093 r 31,687 Nb contente do. 51,000 14,000 21,000 10,000 r 6,200 Ta contente do.
    [Show full text]
  • Burundi CERF Narrative Report 2008.Pdf
    ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HUMANITARIAN/RESIDENT COORDINATOR ON THE USE OF CERF GRANTS Country Burundi Humanitarian / Resident Youssef Mahmoud Coordinator Reporting Period 1 January – 31 December 2008 I. Executive Summary Two allocations were granted to Burundi in 2008: one from the rapid response window ($1.6 million) and one from the underfunded window ($3.6 million). In both cases and in absence of a Consolidated Humanitarian Appeal for the first time in seven years, CERF funding provided much needed emergency support to tackle both the food crisis and underfunded emergencies in a context of transition and fragile recovery. The initial rapid response allocation came at a critical time for Burundi, one of the countries hardest hit by the soaring food prices with an increase of more than 130 percent between 2007 and 2008. It enabled strengthening the health and nutrition response to needs of 1,100 new severe acute malnourished children and the extension of screening programs for 16,000 children. The purchase of seeds and tools for 40,000 families recently returned from Tanzania prevented a large number of repatriated refugees from falling into the cycle of severe food insecurity. The underfunded grant enabled meeting critical food needs for 15,000 Burundian refugees from 1972 who were repatriated in 2008. This group was initially not included in the planning of UN agencies as their return started when both Burundian and Tanzanian Governments reached an agreement on the naturalization process of those willing to remain in Tanzania. The same grant provided a much needed food return package for Burundians expelled from Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • Decentralized Evaluation
    based decision making decision based - d evaluation for evidence d evaluation Decentralize Decentralized Evaluation Evaluation of the Intervention for the Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Ngozi, Kirundo, Cankuzo and Rutana 2016–2019 Prepared EvaluationFinal Report, 22 Report May 2020 WFP Burundi Evaluation Manager: Gabrielle Tremblay i | P a g e Prepared by Eric Kouam, Team Leader Aziz Goza, Quantitative Research Expert ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The evaluation team would like to thank Gabrielle Tremblay for facilitating the evaluation process, particularly the inception and data collection mission to Burundi. The team would also like to thank Patricia Papinutti, Michael Ohiarlaithe, Séverine Giroud, Gaston Nkeshimana, Jean Baptiste Niyongabo, Barihuta Leonidas, the entire nutrition team and other departments of the World Food Programme (WFP) country office in Bujumbura and the provinces of Cankuzo, Kirundo, Ngozi, Rutana and Gitega for their precious time, the documents, the data and the information made available to facilitate the development of this report. The evaluation team would also like to thank the government authorities, United Nations (UN) agencies, non-governmental organizations and donors, as well as the health officials and workers, Mentor Mothers, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and parents of children under five who agreed to meet with us. Our gratitude also goes to the evaluation reference group and the evaluation committee for the relevant comments that helped improve the quality of this report, which we hope will be useful in guiding the next planning cycles of the MAM treatment program in Burundi. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this report are those of the evaluation team and do not necessarily reflect those of the WFP.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS MAP OF BURUNDI I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 II THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGROUPMENT CAMPS ...................................... 2 III OTHER CAMPS FOR DISPLACED POPULATIONS ........................................ 4 IV HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DURING REGROUPMENT ......................... 6 Extrajudicial executions ......................................................................................... 6 Property destruction ............................................................................................... 8 Possible prisoners of conscience............................................................................ 8 V HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE CAMPS ........................................... 8 Undue restrictions on freedom of movement ......................................................... 8 "Disappearances" ................................................................................................... 9 Life-threatening conditions .................................................................................. 10 Insecurity in the context of armed conflict .......................................................... 11 VI HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS DISGUISED AS PROTECTION ................ 12 VII CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 14 VIII RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 15
    [Show full text]
  • US Forest Service International Programs, Department of Agriculture
    US Forest Service International Programs, Department of Agriculture Republic of Burundi Technical Assistance to the US Government Mission in Burundi on Natural Resource Management and Land Use Policy Mission Dates: September 9 – 22, 2006 Constance Athman Mike Chaveas Hydrologist Africa Program Specialist Mt. Hood National Forest Office of International Programs 16400 Champion Way 1099 14th St NW, Suite 5500W Sandy, OR 97055 Washington, DC 20005 (503) 668-1672 (202) 273-4744 [email protected] [email protected] Jeanne Evenden Director of Lands Intermountain Region 324 25th Street Ogden, UT 84401 (801) 625-5150 [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to extend our gratitude to all those who supported this mission to Burundi. In particular we would like acknowledge Ann Breiter, Deputy Chief of Mission at the US Embassy in Bujumbura for her interest in getting the US Forest Service involved in the natural resource management issues facing Burundi. We would also like to thank US Ambassador Patricia Moller for her strong interest in this work and for the support of all her staff at the US Embassy. Additionally, we are grateful to the USAID staff that provided extensive technical and logistical support prior to our arrival, as well as throughout our time in Burundi. Laura Pavlovic, Alice Nibitanga and Radegonde Bijeje were unrelentingly helpful throughout our visit and fountains of knowledge about the country, the culture, and the history of the region, as well as the various ongoing activities and actors involved in development and natural resource management programs. We would also like to express our gratitude to the Minister of Environment, Odette Kayitesi, for taking the time to meet with our team and for making key members of her staff available to accompany us during our field visits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Burundi Peace Process
    ISS MONOGRAPH 171 ISS Head Offi ce Block D, Brooklyn Court 361 Veale Street New Muckleneuk, Pretoria, South Africa Tel: +27 12 346-9500 Fax: +27 12 346-9570 E-mail: [email protected] Th e Burundi ISS Addis Ababa Offi ce 1st Floor, Ki-Ab Building Alexander Pushkin Street PEACE CONDITIONAL TO CIVIL WAR FROM PROCESS: THE BURUNDI PEACE Peace Process Pushkin Square, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Th is monograph focuses on the role peacekeeping Tel: +251 11 372-1154/5/6 Fax: +251 11 372-5954 missions played in the Burundi peace process and E-mail: [email protected] From civil war to conditional peace in ensuring that agreements signed by parties to ISS Cape Town Offi ce the confl ict were adhered to and implemented. 2nd Floor, Armoury Building, Buchanan Square An AU peace mission followed by a UN 160 Sir Lowry Road, Woodstock, South Africa Tel: +27 21 461-7211 Fax: +27 21 461-7213 mission replaced the initial SA Protection Force. E-mail: [email protected] Because of the non-completion of the peace ISS Nairobi Offi ce process and the return of the PALIPEHUTU- Braeside Gardens, Off Muthangari Road FNL to Burundi, the UN Security Council Lavington, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 386-1625 Fax: +254 20 386-1639 approved the redeployment of an AU mission to E-mail: [email protected] oversee the completion of the demobilisation of ISS Pretoria Offi ce these rebel forces by December 2008. Block C, Brooklyn Court C On 18 April 2009, at a ceremony to mark the 361 Veale Street ON beginning of the demobilisation of thousands New Muckleneuk, Pretoria, South Africa DI Tel: +27 12 346-9500 Fax: +27 12 460-0998 TI of PALIPEHUTU-FNL combatants, Agathon E-mail: [email protected] ON Rwasa, leader of PALIPEHUTU-FNL, gave up AL www.issafrica.org P his AK-47 and military uniform.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Burundi Fiscal Decentralization and Local Governance
    94638 Republic of Burundi Fiscal Decentralization and Local Governance Managing Trade-Offs to Promote Sustainable Reforms Burundi Public Expenditure Review OCTOBER 2014 B Republic of Burundi Fiscal Decentralization and Local Governance: Managing Trade-Offs to Promote Sustainable Reforms OCTOBER 2014 WORLD BANK Republic of Burundi Fiscal Decentralization and Local Governance: Cover Design and Text Layout:Duina ReyesManaging Bakovic Trade-Offs to Promote Sustainable Reforms i Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The endorsementboundaries, colors, or acceptance denominations, of such boundaries.and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World BankIf you translation.create a translation The World of thisBank work, shall please not be add liable the for following any content disclaimer or error along in this with translation.
    [Show full text]
  • BURUNDI COUNTRY REPORT October 2003 Country
    BURUNDI COUNTRY REPORT October 2003 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Burundi October 2003 CONTENTS 1 Scope of the document 1.1 – 1.4 2 Geography 2.1 3 Economy 3.1 – 3.3 4 History Summary of events since independence 4.1 – 4.4 Outbreak of Civil War 4.5 – 4.7 Coup of 25 July 1996 4.8 – 4.9 Peace Talks 4.10 – 4.18 Failed Coup attempts of 18 April 2001 and 22 July 2001 4.19 – 4.20 Developments prior to term of Transitional Government 4.21 – 4.24 The Transitional Government 4.25 – 4.48 Cantonment 4.49 – 4.50 5. State Structures The Constitution 5.1 – 5.2 Citizenship and Nationality 5.3 Political System 5.4 – 5.10 Judiciary 5.11 – 5.15 Legal Rights/Detention 5.16 – 5.23 Death Penalty 5.24 Internal Security 5.25 Armed Forces 5.26 – 5.30 "Gardiens de la Paix" 5.31 – 5.33 Self defence programmes 5.34 – 5.36 "Self Defence in Solidarity" 5.37 Weapons training for civilians 5.38 South African Protection Support Detachment 5.39 – 5.40 Prisons and prison conditions 5.41 – 5.44 Military Service 5.45 – 5.47 Conscientious Objectors and Deserters 5.48 – 5.49 Medical Services 5.50 – 5.52 HIV/AIDS 5.53 – 5.54 People with disabilities 5.55 – 5.56 Educational System 5.57 – 5.63 6 Human Rights 6.A Human Rights issues Overview 6.1 – 6.6 Torture 6.7 – 6.11 Extrajudicial Killings 6.12 – 6.22 Disappearances 6.23 Abuses by Rebel groups 6.24 – 6.30 Human Rights Organisations 6.31 – 6.32 Freedom of Speech and the Media 6.33 – 6.35 Media Institutions 6.36 – 6.40 Journalists 6.41 – 6.49 Freedom of Religion
    [Show full text]
  • January 2018
    JANUARY 2018 This DTM report has been funded with the generous support of the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA), the Department for International Development (DFID/UKaid) and the Swiss Agen- cy for Development and Cooperation (SDC). TABLE OF CONTENTS DTM Burundi Methodology..……….…………………………………...……………….…….…..1 IDP Presence Map…..………..…………………………………………………………..…..…….2 Highlights.……………………………………………………………………………….….….…..3 Provinces of Origin..………………………………………………………………………..….…..4 Return Intentions…………………………………….……………………………………....……5 Displacement Reasons.….……………………………………………………………….…..……6 New Displacements……..……………………………………………………………….….…….7 Displacement Trends……..…………………………………………………………….……….…8 Humanitarian Overview: Health and Food Security.………………………………………..…….9 Humanitarian Overview: Livelihoods and WASH.....……..……………….……………….……..10 Humanitarian Overview: Education and Protection……..…..……………...…………....………11 IDP Shelter Types………………………..………………………….…………………..……...…12 Shelter Construction Materials……….……………………….………...……………...….……..13 Precarious Conditions in IDP homes…….……...………………………………….…...…...…...15 Natural Disaster Cycle…….……………..…………………………...……………………..…....16 Provincial Profiles.…………………………………………………………………………….….17 Contact Information……………………………………………………………………………..18 The IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix is a comprehensive system DTM METHODOLOGY implemented to analyse and disseminate information to better unders- tand movements and needs of Internally Displaced Persons in Burundi. 1 Volunteers from the Burundian Red Cross consult
    [Show full text]
  • 1996 Human Rights Report: Burundi Page 1 of 13
    1996 Human Rights Report: Burundi Page 1 of 13 The State Department web site below is a permanent electro information released prior to January 20, 2001. Please see w material released since President George W. Bush took offic This site is not updated so external links may no longer func us with any questions about finding information. NOTE: External links to other Internet sites should not be co endorsement of the views contained therein. U.S. Department of State Burundi Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1996 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, January 30, 1997. BURUNDI Burundi's democratically elected president was overthrown in a military coup on July 25. Despite the coup, the National Assembly and political parties continue to operate, although under constraints. The present regime, under the self-proclaimed interim President, Major Pierre Buyoya, abrogated the 1992 Constitution and, during the so-called Transition Period, replaced the 1994 Convention of Government with a decree promulgated on September 13. Under this decree, the National Assembly does not have the power to remove the President of the Republic. The Prime Minister, appointed by the President, replaces the President in the event of the President's death or incapacity. Under the former constitution, the President of the National Assembly replaced the President. Buyoya holds power in conjunction with the Tutsi-dominated military establishment. The judicial system remains under the control of the Tutsi minority, and most citizens consider it biased against Hutus. Violent conflict among Hutu and Tutsi armed militants and the army plunged the country into a civil war marked by ethnic violence, which included fighting between the army and armed rebel groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Burundi Page 1 of 18
    Burundi Page 1 of 18 Burundi Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 Burundi is a republic ruled by a Transitional Government established under the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Accord (Arusha Accord) in November 2001. On April 30, the second half of the 3-year Transitional Government began as Domitien Ndayizeye, a member of the Hutu ethnic group, succeeded Pierre Buyoya, a member of the Tutsi ethnic group, as President. In 2001, a Transitional Constitution was adopted, providing for power to be shared between the Tutsi minority, which has traditionally ruled the country, and the Hutu majority. A presidential decree suspended elections in 1998; however, the Transitional Constitution provides for elections following the completion of the 3-year Transitional Government. The country remained engaged in a low-intensity civil conflict, and for most of the year, the conflict involved two armed opposition groups, the National Council for Defense of Democracy– Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) faction led by Pierre Nkurunziza, and the Palipehutu/National Liberation Front (FNL) faction led by Agathon Rwasa. Smaller factions of both groups had signed and implemented ceasefire agreements with the Transitional Government in October 2002. In December 2002, the largest armed opposition group, the Nkurunziza faction of the CNDD-FDD, also signed a ceasefire with the Transitional Government. In October, the Transitional Government and the CNDD-FDD faction led by Nkurunziza signed a protocol on power-sharing, and in November, the CNDD-FDD entered the Transitional Government, assuming four cabinet positions and other posts.
    [Show full text]