Director’s Message

The programs we implement through ingrained in all we do, that we must this plan will be crucial to the future work as a team, and that creativity and of Marshall and the Nation’s space innovation are required to make a program. The Center will support the significant difference. Our success is Human Exploration and Development dependant upon our adherence to these of Space Enterprise by continuing to values and standards. oversee and upgrade Shuttle propulsion elements and by continuing our roles in To be successful in meeting NASA's supporting the construction and vision, our teamwork extends to all operations of the International Space NASA centers, other government Station. We will also pursue agencies, academia and industry. We microgravity research and space product depend on our partners' diverse, highly he Marshall Space Flight development initiatives. In support of skilled and talented workforce and Center is pleased to present its the Aero-Space Enterprise, we will unique capabilities to meet the T FY 2000 Implementation Plan. demonstrate reusable launch vehicle challenges of the future. The plan outlines Marshall’s roles and technologies that will increase responsibilities, defines metrics to reliability and decrease the cost of In order to meet our metrics for fiscal implement Agency and Enterprise goals access to space. This includes the flight- year 2000, we will strive to improve and objectives, and identifies the future tests of the XÐ34, XÐ33, XÐ37, and every day. I know that we will meet direction of the Center. As indicated by other Pathfinder programs. Technology these challenges with the dedicated the plan, we are focused on enabling the development in diffractive optics and support of the Marshall team, our success of the Agency’s mission coatings applications will continue to NASA and industry partners, and our through our role as Center of support the Space Science Enterprise. contractors. Every challenging journey Excellence for Space Propulsion and The Center will also continue to requires a roadmap. The Fiscal Year our assigned mission areas in Space manage operations for Chandra, 2000 Implementation Plan is the Transportation Systems Development, the world’s most powerful x-ray Marshall roadmap to an exciting future. Microgravity, and Space Optics observatory. Our Global Hydrology and I encourage every member of the Manufacturing Technology. Climate Center will continue to support Marshall team to read this plan and the Earth Science Enterprise. These are understand their contribution to the Our first commitment is to safety and only a few of the many efforts that we success of Marshall and NASA. mission success. We are dedicated to will pursue in fiscal year 2000. promoting safety in all we do. Whether it is the reliability of the Space Shuttle The plan also presents our core values, or International Space Station assembly which serve as guiding principles in our and operation, ensuring a safe work decision making, influencing not only environment, or making a safe commute our behaviors but our thought processes. Art Stephenson to and from work, our goal is to prevent We realize that our employees are our Center Director human injury and loss of property and most important resource, that we are to ensure the safety of all operations and accountable to our customers and their products. satisfaction, that excellence must be

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 1 Marshall Space Flight Center

Mission

Bringing people to space; bringing space to people. We are world leaders in access to space and the use of space for research and development to benefit humanity.

Goals

■ Establish MSFC as number one in safety within NASA. ■ Develop and maintain the NASA preeminence in space propulsion to enable the exploration and development of space. ■ Lead the research and development of space transportation technologies and systems that support our customers’ needs. ■ Lead NASA’s Microgravity Research and Space Product Development Programs, and develop and maintain capabilities required to meet national research objectives. ■ Lead the Agency in the development of lightweight, large- aperture space optics manufacturing technology for use in achieving the mission goals of NASA’s strategic enterprises. ■ Enhance and sustain a highly skilled, diverse, and motivated workforce committed to safety while working in a creative and productive environment in support of cutting-edge systems and technology development.

Center of Excellence

■ Space Propulsion Mission Areas

■ Space Transportation Systems Development ■ Microgravity ■ Space Optics Manufacturing Technology

2 Commitment to Safety and Mission Success

Our goal: Establish MSFC as number one in safety within NASA.

MSFC’s Safety Current Safety Processes FY 2000 Safety Initiatives Use the Agency Safety Initiative Model Policy ¥ Safety and Mission Assurance to reinvigorate the MSFC Safety (S&MA) is organized to effectively Program. Implement the Voluntary MSFC will strive to prevent support the MSFC organizational Protection Program (VPP) and complete human injury and occupational structure while maintaining OSHA’s VPP Star Certification. collocation in major project offices illnesses and ensure safety of and contractor plants. Management Commitment and all operations and products. ¥ Senior management safety review Employee Involvement process for all payloads involves ¥ Make worksite safety documentation most senior managers. user friendly MSFC Safety Principles ¥ S&MA internet web pages contain ¥ Implement employee involvement pertinent employee safety activities ¥ Unsafe conditions are correctable. information and are frequently ¥ Include safety performance in job ¥ All mishaps can be prevented. enhanced. descriptions and performance ¥ Management is responsible and ¥ The Safety Concerns Reporting evaluation plans accountable for prevention of on-the- System has been improved and is ¥ Ensure public safety during XÐ33 and job mishaps (incidents, close calls, used frequently by employees to XÐ34 flight testing etc.). report concerns. System and Worksite Hazard Analysis ¥ All mishaps must be reported, ¥ Risk Management planning, ¥ Perform job hazard analyses investigated, and the causes rectified. consulting and training are available ¥ Improve communications of lessons ¥ Management is responsible for to support project risk management learned from mishaps and close calls training employees to work safely. and development. Hazard Prevention and Control ¥ Each employee is responsible for ¥ All MSFC managers and supervisors ¥ Train supervisors to perform job safety. have been trained in MSFC’s new safety analyses ¥ Off-duty safety is an important part occupational safety and health ¥ Develop contractor safety of MSFC’s safety success. philosophy and process. performance evaluation methods ¥ A comprehensive safety and risk ¥ All MSFC Safety and Quality management program increases the Management System documentation Safety and Health Training probability of mission success. is contained in a single Integrated ¥ Provide all employees with safety Document Library. training ¥ MSFC implemented an occupational ¥ Benchmark the safety programs at Safety Management safety, health and environmental other NASA Centers and contractors committee structure to facilitate a to improve MSFC safety programs Programs and total MSFC safety program. Safety and Mission Success Metrics ¥ All major management meetings Techniques include a safety discussion. ■ Achieve a 60-percent increase in predicted reliability ¥ Managers and supervisors conduct of the Space Shuttle over the 1995 baseline ■ MSFC has implemented unique and monthly workplace occupational Reduce lost time mishap rate by 20-percent per year safety and health audits with compared to the FY98 baseline of 0.16 over 5 years innovative management techniques and better the NASA goal each year employees and ensure employees to improve safety of the public, the have appropriate safety training. ■ Complete incorporation of safety into the MSFC astronauts and pilots, the NASA Integrated Document Library system by the end of ¥ Occupational safety and health FY 2000 workforce, and high-value equipment information is widely disseminated and property. ■ Complete the OSHA Voluntary Protection Program using multiple media. Star certification by the end of FY 2000 ■ All MSFC projects successfully complete their safety reviews on time

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 3 Center of Excellence: Space Propulsion

Our goal: Develop and maintain the NASA preeminence in space propulsion to enable the exploration and development of space.

We support— s the NASA Center of Earth-to-orbit propulsion systems while Excellence for Space lowering the operations, development, ■ Human Exploration and A Propulsion, Marshall is and manufacturing costs. Development of Space Enterprise leading the development of advanced Earth-to-orbit and in-space propulsion Near-term activities are focused on ■ Aero-Space Technology Enterprise systems and technologies. enabling a long life, high thrust-to- weight rocket-based reusable launch ■ Space Science Enterprise NASA engineers are working to enable vehicle around the end of the decade. significantly lower cost propulsion These technologies include advanced ■ Industry and Commercial Needs systems with higher performance and altitude compensating nozzle concepts aircraft-like reliability. Technologies such as aerospike, lightweight will be developed and demonstrated ■ Other Federal Agencies composite thrusters, composite lines at several levels including component, and ducts, ceramic turbines, composite subsystem, and system in both ground housings, and other low-cost and flight test, where appropriate. components.

Marshall provides space propulsion Building on near-term developments, services to all enterprises and provides mid-term technology activities are critical leadership for efforts among centered around enabling air-breathing NASA field centers, industry, academia, combined cycle rocket engines. and other Government agencies. Building on synergy between space and aeronautics activities, Marshall has The world-class capability of skilled initiated flowpath demonstrations of personnel, processes, and facilities will these bold, new concepts. Mid-term be maintained and enhanced to develop efforts also include evaluation of new new and innovative space propulsion engine cycles like pulse detonation technologies, to report these technology concepts and use of high-energy density Gas Dynamic Mirror Fusion Propulsion Experiment. advances in a timely manner, and to fuels. Efforts will continue to further assist in their transfer into commercial increase life and thrust-to-weight of ventures that augment America’s rocket engines. industrial growth and benefit the quality of life on Earth. Long-term technologies include revolutionary off-board energy sources, Earth-to-Orbit such as magnetic launch assist, ground- based laser propelled systems, and Propulsion nonchemical rocket/air-breathing combined cycle engines. A critical element to increasing safety and lowering the cost of space access is Test of the low-cost Fastrac rocket engine. increasing the performance margin of

4 Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System (ProSEDS). Combined Cycle Engines for increased mission specific impulse.

Space Propulsion Metrics In-Space Propulsion ■ Deliver Fit Check Fastrac engine to X–34 project in first quarter of FY00 and certify in Over 70 percent of all payloads need third quarter of FY00 transportation beyond low-Earth orbit. ■ Fly ProSEDS Tether propulsion flight A primary driver to enabling these experiment at first opportunity after August systems is increasing the efficiency 2000 while decreasing the mass of the ■ Complete design and demonstration of a propulsion system. portable antiproton trap in FY00 ■ Demonstrate RLV propulsion technologies Marshall is pursuing technologies including: to enable Earth-orbital and planetary – Lightweight long-life thrust cells transportation that include advanced – Polymer matrix lines, valves, and ducts chemical engines, solar thermal and – Advanced unshrouded impeller design – Advanced high-efficiency turbine design. solar electric propulsion systems, and electrodynamic tethers. ■ Define combined cycle flight demonstration in FY00 Ambitious missions to destinations ■ Complete ISS Propulsion Module CDR in within the solar system will require The use of fusion for propulsion has the potential to open the entire solar system for exploration. FY 2000 significant improvements in propulsive ■ Complete X–33 XRS–2200 linear aerospike hot capability. This is especially true for fire at SSC human exploration which will require ■ Continue to upgrade facilities and maintain dramatic reductions in trip time with the safe, cost-effective state-of-the-art test assurance of safe and reliable mission capabilities operations. The technologies being ■ Prepare ISS Interim Control Module for late researched include propulsion concepts FY00 availability. based on fission and fusion energy sources.

Eventual missions to near-interstellar space and eventually the stars will require performance well beyond the capabilities envisioned for interplan- etary space flight. Marshall’s Propulsion Research Center (PRC) is meeting the challenge through its research activities in beamed energy sails, advanced fusion systems, matter/antimatter annihilation, and speculative motive physics. Heatpipe Bimodal Reactor Module Test.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 5 Mission: Space Transportation Systems Development

Our goal: Lead the research and development of space transportation technologies and systems that support our customers’ needs.

We support— SFC has responsibility Space Shuttle Metrics for research, technology ■ Maintain less than one in-flight anomaly ■ Human Exploration and M maturation, design, (IFA) per mission Development of Space Enterprise development, and integration of space ■ Streamline operations transportation and propulsion systems. • Continue the transition of routine ■ Aero-Space Technology Enterprise This includes both reusable space operations from a government role of transportation systems for Earth-to- oversight to insight. • Transition Shuttle prime contracts to the ■ Space Science Enterprise orbit applications, as well as vehicles Space Flight Operations Contract, based on for orbital transfer and deep space project maturity and stability. ■ Earth Science Enterprise transportation. ■ Achieve a 60-percent increase in predicted reliability of the Space Shuttle over the 1995 baseline ■ Industry and Commercial Needs • Projections based on the Quantitative Risk Space Shuttle Assessment indicate a 95-percent ■ Other Federal Agencies improvement (48-percent risk reduction) for Elements ascent upon incorporation of Space Shuttle main engine upgrades: MSFC’s Space Shuttle projects manage – Block II: Fourth Quarter FY 2000. safe, continuous, robust, and cost- ■ Evaluate improvements in Shuttle systems effective operations for the Space safety, operability and cost by incorporating Shuttle propulsion elements: External upgrades such as: tank, solid rocket booster, reusable • Upgraded solid rocket motors or new solid rocket motor, and Space Shuttle liquid propulsion reusable first stages • ET friction stir weld and repair processes. main engine. MSFC will continue to streamline operations and aggressively develop and implement significant upgrades to enhance safety, meet the manifest, improve mission supportabil- ity, and improve the system to sustain the Space Shuttle for its lifetime.

MSFC is responsible for evaluation and potential implementation of significant (Phase IV) Shuttle upgrades including a new liquid propulsion reusable first stage (RFS) as well Reusable First Stage (RFS) in flight. as other upgrade options.

Shuttle Atlantis.

6 The X–34 demonstrates technologies for the Reusable Launch Vehicle Program.

Advanced Space advancements in space access with the The ACG indentifies new technologies potential to increase safety by a factor and innovative concepts to meet space Transportation of 10,000 and reduce costs to hundreds program goals and evaluates their Technology of dollars per pound of payload versus technical feasibility. The ACG conducts the thousands of dollars measured advanced mission studies; MSFC’s Space Transportation today. In-space focused technologies conceptualizes designs that meet Directorate will significantly increase will demonstrate performance stringent safety, quality, and life cycle improvements to reduce trip time and safety while reducing the cost of future cost requirements; develops analytical space transportation systems. MSFC, mass by a factor of 2 to 3 and reduce tools; and supports technology in partnership with the space launch cost by a factor of 10 in 15 years. ASTP demonstrations. will provide the basic building blocks of industry and other NASA centers, is dedicated to developing advanced propulsion, airframe, operating and technologies and systems to enable new range, and vehicle systems technologies X–33 Program to support flight demonstration projects, civil, commercial, and military mission capabilities; and encouraging while focusing on future breakthrough The XÐ33 Program will demonstrate the commercial investment in, and technologies beyond the next key design and operational aspects of a operation of, space transportation generation. single stage to orbit (SSTO) RLV rocket systems. system. It will accomplish this through suborbital vehicle flight tests from the Launch Operation Center at Dryden MSFC leads the Nation in space Advanced Concepts Flight Research Center. The primary transportation by combining the objectives of the XÐ33 Program are development of ground-based state-of- The Advanced Concepts Group (ACG) technology demonstrations (flight and the-art technologies with the validation envisions and creates new space ground) to reduce the business and of key technology products in a series transportation concepts and preliminary technical risk to enable privately of flight demonstrations (XÐ33, and designs that enable low-cost space financed development and operation Pathfinder Programs/Projects). MSFC access, exploration, space development, of a next generation reusable space and science. efforts are focused on substantially transportation system; design and test reducing the risk associated with of the XÐ33 flight system, subsystems, developing a full-scale operational and major components to ensure their second generation reusable launch traceability and scaleability to a full- vehicle (RLV) early in the next decade scale SSTO rocket system; improved while setting the stage for hundredfold mass fraction for vehicle structures and reductions in the cost of third- improved thrust to weight for rocket generation space transportation systems propulsion systems; and demonstration in 25 years. of key “aircraft-like” operational attributes required for a cost-effective The Advanced Space Transportation SSTO rocket system including operabil- Program (ASTP) will pursue the ity, reusability, affordability, and safe development of revolutionary X–33. abort.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 7 X–37. Rocket-Based Combined Cycle and magnetic sled advanced technology demonstrator concept.

Key to accomplishment of these Several NASA Centers play vital roles Advanced Transportation Technology Metrics objectives is the contribution of all in the XÐ37 Project including Langley ■ Begin flight tests of the X–33 and NASA Centers. Through partnerships where the wind tunnel testing; demonstrate key technologies in CY00 with industry, significant contributions aerodynamics analysis; aero-heating ■ Complete X–34 captive carry test in FY00 have been made by the Ames and analysis; and design, analysis and ■ Initiate flight of the X–34 and demonstrate key Langley Research Centers in the aero- testing of the Ceramic Matrix technologies in CY00 thermal/Thermal Protection System Composite (CMC) ruddervators and ■ Complete Spaceliner 100 technology (TPS) technologies development arena. flaperons are performed. roadmap in FY00 Another major activity is housed at the ■ Demonstrate 2nd generation RLV technologies Stennis Space Center, where the by the end of calendar year 2000 including: XRS2200 linear aerospike engine is Pathfinder flight experiments – Non-autoclave processing and lox demonstrate a number of advanced being tested. compatible composite structures launch vehicle and spacecraft – Composite joining technologies such as nontraditional – Integrated structure and TPS Pathfinder Programs propulsion systems, improvements and – Hot structures and TPS. innovations to conventional propulsion ■ Complete 250k hybrid testing in the first The Pathfinder Program develops for quarter of FY00 systems, safe abort capability, vehicle flight, and flight demonstrations, ■ health management systems, composite Complete ground demonstration of 100 advanced space transportation technolo- percent design life on the NSTAR ion engine structures, and new thermal protection gies through the use of experimental in FY00 systems. These experiments will be vehicles and flight experiments. The ■ Complete combined cycle propulsion flight flown on a variety of platforms demonstrator definition in the second quarter XÐ34 is the first of the Pathfinder including the Pathfinder demonstration of FY00 experimental vehicles. It is a Rocket vehicles, satellites, the Space Shuttle, ■ Complete 500-hour test of 10 kW Hall Electric Plane Demonstrator Technology Test- reentry vehicles, and other appropriate Thruster in FY00 Bed powered by the MSFC-developed systems. Two of these experiments are ■ Conduct X–40A approach and landing test Fastrac engine and is capable of speeds the ProSEDS and the Hall Effect ■ Launch SHARP–B2 flight experiment up to Mach 8. Unpowered flight tests Thruster. The ProSEDS flight ■ Complete proof and structural load tests of begin in mid FY 2000 and powered experiment will demonstrate the X–33 composite LH2 tank flight tests begin in late FY 2000. electrodynamic tether propulsion ■ Build and deliver X–38 deorbit propulsion concept and the TÐ160E Hall Effect stage for integration into the flight The XÐ37 is a Space Plane Orbital demonstrator in late FY00 Thruster System will demonstrate the Flight Demonstrator Technology ■ Complete Rocket-Based Combined Cycle Hall Solar Electric Propulsion concept. Testbed which advances the state-of- flowpath testing in FY00 Glenn Research Center is the designated the-art technology readiness level of ■ Complete X–37 design in FY00. lead for electric propulsion and utilizes approximately 41 technologies the expertise of the Jet Propulsion (embedded and carry-on experiments) Laboratory and MSFC in this through flight demonstration. The first technology area. unpowered flight of the XÐ37 is scheduled for early CY 2002 and the first orbital flight is scheduled for late CY 2002 from the Shuttle payload bay.

8 Mission: Microgravity

Our goal: Lead NASA’s Microgravity Research and Space Product Development Programs, and develop and maintain capabilities required to meet National research objectives.

We support— SFC’s Microgravity and provides education and outreach Research Program Office to the research community, industry, ■ Human Exploration and (MRPO) is responsible for and the public. MRPO delegates M implementing the Agency’s technical management of individual Development of Space Enterprise microgravity initiatives. MSFC’s science disciplines to supporting field efforts enable scientific and commer- centers. Supporting Centers include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Fundamental ■ NASA-Approved Principal cial researchers the unique opportunity to use the low-gravity environment of Physics), the Glenn Research Center Investigators space as a catalyst to generate new (Combustion Science and Fluid Physics ■ National Scientific Community knowledge, products, and services that and Transport Phenomena), and the improve the quality of life on Earth. Marshall Space Flight Center (Biotech- – Academia nology and Materials Science). The – Industry MRPO accomplishes this mission by Johnson Space Center supports the – Government providing program management of Biotechnology subdiscipline of Cellular research and associated instrumenta- Science. Program Management over- tion, apparatus and facilities sponsored sight and control are accomplished by ■ Commercial Space Centers and by the Human Exploration and Devel- MRPO with direct involvement of the Industry Partners opment of Space Enterprise (HEDS). supporting field centers through the Resources are provided by the Office of Microgravity Research Team. The Life and Microgravity Sciences and MRPO also collaborates with other ■ American Companies/Industries Applications through both its programs within the Agency and the Microgravity Research and its Com- HEDS Enterprise, and implements mercial Research and Space Product international agreements and collabora- Development Divisions, and the Office tions with international partners. of Space Flight through its Interna- Current Agency collaborations include tional Space Station Payloads Office. participation in the Decadal Planning Team, membership on the In-Situ The MRPO implements MSFC’s Resource Utilization Steering Commit- Microgravity Lead Center assignments tee, participation in the development of by administering and managing grants, radiation shielding strategies and cooperative agreements and contracts; diagnostics, Cross-Enterprise Technol- managing the development of special- ogy Development collaborations, and Dendrites, which are materials microstructures, are ized instrumentation, flight hardware membership on the ISS Preplanned frequent objects of study in microgravity. and multi-user research facilities; and Program Improvement initiative. In manifesting flight opportunities on addition, as a member in the joint parabolic aircraft, suborbital rockets, efforts of the Advanced Project Division free-flyers, the Space Shuttle, and the of the Office of Space Flight and the International Space Station (ISS). Office of Life and Microgravity MRPO provides research support Sciences and Applications, Agency through gloveboxes, accelerometers activities to promote the commercial and vibration isolation opportunities; development of space have been conducts advanced and focused initiated. technology development programs;

Payload specialist Dr. Roger Crouch conducting research in a microgravity glovebox.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 9 Microgravity Microgravity Research Metrics Microgravity Science ■ Support at least 425 research investigations Research Program and Applications ■ Support at least 12 Science Concept Reviews (SCR) and 20 Requirements Definition The mission of the Microgravity MSFC is responsible for implementing Reviews (RDR) Research Program is to use the environ- the Materials Science and Biotechnol- ■ ment of space to obtain new knowledge Conduct research on at least 7 parabolic ogy Science disciplines and the aircraft flight campaigns for selected science and increase the understanding of Glovebox Program within the natural phenomena in biological, and engineering data, and 2 suborbital rocket Microgravity Research Program. To chemical and physical systems, espe- flights implement the program, MSFC has a cially with regard to the effects of ■ Conduct radiation shielding workshop to gravity which may be obscured on evaluate and prioritize materials candidates unique team of scientists, engineers and Earth. The Microgravity Research based on established performance criteria managers teamed with industry, Program also facilitates the application academia, and international individuals ■ of such knowledge to commercially Launch one Spread Across Liquids (SAL) and organizations to establish and campaign and one Extensional Rheology viable products, processes and services. maintain world-class research in those Experiment (ERE) fields. MSFC also is responsible for Microgravity researchers are provided ■ Conduct an In-Situ Resource Utilization providing glovebox facilities on the the unique opportunity to study natural Workshop to evaluate and prioritize Shuttle and ISS for the purpose of processes and phenomena in the near processing issues to be resolved by materials supporting low-cost and fast-track absence of gravity. Comparison science research based on established investigations from all disciplines of the between ground- and space-based performance criteria Microgravity Program. research data allows scientists to ■ accurately understand the role gravity Conduct requirements definition for granular flows, fluids, and dust management plays in everyday life. Low-gravity MSFC is responsible for the financial experiment research also allows scientists the and managerial administration of all opportunity to explore phenomena ■ Issue STS-95 Mission Report. selected investigations, assistance in the normally obscured by the effects of definition of focused science objectives, gravity. Scientists selected into the access to ground and flight facilities and program perform peer-reviewed carriers, definition and development of investigations in the research areas of new enabling research technology, biotechnology, combustion science, definition and development of scientific fluid physics, fundamental physics, apparatus and facilities, mission and materials science. MSFC manages operations support, and transfer of the the implementation of the program, including the development of major accumulated microgravity database. facilities to be permanently housed on the International Space Station and Microgravity Science and Application Metrics available to the science community ■ Perform verification testing and conduct for unique low-gravity research acceptance reviews on microgravity science opportunities. glovebox in preparation for turnover to ISS for integration ■ Initiate flight and ground investigation grants The Forced Flow Flame-Spreading Test was for 98 Materials Science NASA Research designed to study flame spreading over solid fuels Announcements. when air is flowing at a low speed in the same direction as the flame spread.

10 The Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center has assisted advances in electronics, including a semiconductor IR laser and the commercial development of thin film solar cells.

Commercial microgravity research is available to help industry study and improve on procedures, Space Product protocols, and drugs. Development Program

The mission of the Space Product Space Product Development Metrics Development (SPD) Program is to ■ Provide an augmentation to the cooperative encourage and facilitate the use of space agreement with the Center for Macromolecu- for the development of commercial lar Crystallography for an Infectious Disease products and services. In fulfilling this Initiative responsibility to encourage the fullest ■ Fund development and advocate commercial use of space, the SPD accomodations for at least three commercial program is managing an organization of payloads. Commercial Space Centers (CSC’s) that have successfully employed methods for encouraging private industry to exploit the benefits of microgravity research. The unique opportunities of this environment are being made available to private industry in an effort to develop new competitive products, create jobs, and enhance the quality of life. The success of the CSC’s research is evidenced by the increasing amount of industrial participation in commercial The ADvanced SEParation (ADSEP) commercial microgravity research and the potential payload is making use of major advances in separation technology. products nearing marketability.

NASA Administrator Dan Goldin (left), during a visit at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, discussed how NASA’s special lighting technology may soon be applied to, and studied for, Dr. Donald Frazier pursues optical computing the treatment of specific cancer tumors. through research in nonlinear optics.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 11 Mission: Space Optics Manufacturing Technology

Our goal: Lead the agency in the development of lightweight, large-aperture Space Optics Manufacturing Technology for use in achieving the mission goals of NASA’s strategic enterprises.

We support— he development of lightweight SOMTC’s capabilities and facilities space optical systems is of have been organized into four areas: ■ HEDS Enterprise T vital importance to NASA’s The Advanced Optical Systems Devel- continued exploration of the universe. opment Group; the Diffractive Optics ■ Space Science Enterprise Lightweight optics and optical systems Coatings, and Surface Morphology are essential components of NASA’s Development Group; the Optical ■ Earth Science Enterprise commitment to reducing launch costs Design, Analysis, and Fabrication while increasing payload utility. Group; and the Optical Test Group. ■ Aero-Space Technology Enterprise The MSFC Space Optics Manufacturing Advanced Optical Systems are being Technology Center (SOMTC) is developed to include ultra-lightweight actively developing new enabling optical technologies (e.g., replicated ■ Industry and techniques for the manufacture of low- optics, adaptive optics, ultra-lightweight Commercial Needs mass, large-aperture space optical thin membrane optics, and advanced ■ systems, while also managing technol- solar power systems). Replication Other Federal Agencies ogy development for potential use in techniques will be applied to enable space observatories such as the Next laser propulsion craft studies and the Generation Space Telescope and the manufacture and development of Constellation X-ray missions. lightweight normal incidence mirrors and other lightweight optical subsystem SOMTC is a national resource provid- components and optical instruments to ing numerous unique capabilities and support the imaging needs of NASA as facilities in support of NASA-wide well as other government agencies. efforts including space science and Advanced telescope concepts and Earth science imaging systems, ad- technologies are being developed to vanced propulsion systems, and Human support extrasolar planet detection, X-ray Calibration Facility Test Chamber. Exploration and Development of Space. space-based interferometry, x-ray telescopes and interferometry, ground- based large-aperture telescopes and low-cost, disposable space telescopes.

Diffractive Optics, Coatings, and Surface Morphology is developing advanced optical manufacturing technologies in support of key NASA enterprise needs. Research and develop- ment activities are currently underway for technologies supporting advanced Precision coating of 05-m Constellation X-ray solar power, laser propulsion, spacecraft mandrel in Large Coating formation flying, cosmic ray detection, Chamber. and LIDAR scanning.

12 Optical Design, Analysis, and Fabri- Space Optics Manufacturing Technology cation provides the capability and Metrics facilities required to develop, fabricate, ■ Conduct research and analysis in diffractive measure, and coat prototype and flight optics and coatings applications demonstration optics. These capabilities – Advance the TRL one level in optical beam-steering include optical design and analysis, – Demonstrate fabrication of 8" diameter opto-mechanical design, machine shop, diffractive optics – Demonstrate imaging performance of .37 m diamond turning, grinding and polish- fresnel lens ing, metrology, and optical coatings. – Produce solar concentrators with 50 percent Optical components up to 6 feet in higher flux levels to enable solar power systems with efficiencies > 40 percent Advanced Replicated Optics manufactured at the diameter can be diamond turned to near – Investigate one new coating for x-ray mirror SOMTC. net shapes. The Metrology Lab has replication technology. capabilities for the measurement of ■ Upon delivery, test the two NGST surface finish and figure to determine demonstration mirrors at cryogenic compliance to optical specifications temperatures during fabrication and performance ■ Produce a 0.2-m diameter diffractive scanner predictions of completed optics. with 80 percent efficiency for a 30-degree Metallic and multilayer dielectrics, as scan angle well as metal dielectric coatings, can be ■ applied to various optical surfaces in the Implement processes at the X-Ray Calibration Facility to reduce the cost of optical systems Coatings Lab. testing by 10 percent

Optical Test provides state-of-the-art ■ Establish a customer satisfaction tracking program testing for a variety of space optical systems. The group provides testing at ■ For Constellation-X, demonstrate resolution the MSFC X-ray Calibration Facility <= 10 arc seconds in replicated x-ray optics and the Stray Light Facility. These weighing <=1/3 the weight of XMM optics facilities support optical testing in ■ Produce 0.5-m diameter normal incidence highly variable thermal environments replicated optic with thickness variation less Advanced lightweight electroformed nickel mirror for x-ray through infrared wavelengths. than 5 percent over the mirror surface for the Constellation-X. The facilities also support the evaluation ■ of advanced optical manufacturing Deploy and test an inductive edge sensor mirror alignment technology in a ground- technologies for the Space Science based observatory Enterprise and the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) as well as ■ Identify concepts and materials for .1 kg/m2 ultra-lightweight optical substrates providing x-ray testing for the Solar X-Ray Imager Telescope. New metrol- ■ Establish test-bed for image-based wavefront ogy techniques are being developed to sensing and control system. ensure the success of large-aperture space optical systems.

Precision polishing of 0.5 m Constellation X-ray mandrel.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 13 Other Programmatic Assignments

The following is a brief summary of program related assignments being implemented by MSFC for the NASA Enterprises and other Lead Centers.

International Space The International Space Station is a with the worldwide scientific research U.S.-led, international partnership community to plan and conduct payload Station program to build and operate a unique, operations on board the ISS. Payload We support— world-class orbiting laboratory, free operations training is a joint effort from the effects of gravity. Long-term between MSFC and JSC. ■ Human Exploration and scientific and technology development Development of Space Enterprise will be conducted for the benefit of life International Space Station Metrics on Earth. MSFC supports the ISS Program ■ Provide carrier integration on schedule for st through task agreements with the ISS ISS Flight 3A in 1 quarter of FY00 Program Office at the Johnson Space ■ Provide carrier integration on schedule for ISS Flight 6A in 4th quarter of FY00 Center (JSC). MSFC plays a vital role ■ in building, operating, and utilizing the Integrate the first MPLM in preparation for flight 5A.1, 3rd quarter of FY00 ISS for NASA through the performance ■ of these tasks. Specifically, MSFC is Conduct integrated payload operations on ISS beginning with Flight 4A in FY00 responsible for development of the ■ regenerative life support systems for Conduct operational readiness reviews in FY00 ISS’s crew and research animals; ■ Complete development and integration of EXPRESS racks in accordance with flight management oversight of two node schedules beginning in FY00 elements and the Multipurpose Logis- ■ Complete preparations for launch of the first tics Module being built by the Italian rack of the Human Research Facility on Flight Space Agency, the Interim Control 5A.1 International Space Station. Module being built by the Naval ■ Demonstrate the capability for principal Research Laboratory, and the propul- investigators to conduct remote operations sion module being built by the Boeing support of ISS payloads in FY00 Company; development of research ■ Complete ISS Propulsion Module CDR in facilities including the EXPRESS rack FY00 and other payload support equipment; ■ Prepare ISS Interim Control Module for late integration support of Spacelab pallets FY00 availability. and support equipment for ISS assem- bly; and environmental qualification testing of major ISS elements and systems. MSFC is also responsible for the management, integration, and execution of payload operations and utilization activities on board the ISS. The Payload Operations Integration Center, located at MSFC, is the ISS Program focal Multi-Purpose Logistics Module point for payload operations. MSFC (MPLM) in Alenia Clean Room. controllers staff the facility and interact Payload Operations Integration Center.

14 Chandra Solar-B. Gravity Probe-B.

the ISTP program. Data from the Chandra Scientific Payloads IMAGE spacecraft will be acquired, and Research reduced, distributed and analyzed. In astrobiology, MSFC scientists are We support— We support— studying organisms that survive in ■ ■ extreme (cold) conditions to determine Space Science Enterprise Space Science Enterprise which characteristics can serve as MSFC is responsible for managing the MSFC manages the Solar X-Ray biomarkers for probing extraterrestrial Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO). Imager, Solar-B scientific payloads and samples. This responsibility includes the overall conducts fundamental research in six MSFC is also responsible for managing design, development, integration, and disciplines—cosmic-ray physics, the overall design, development testing of the CXO. MSFC continues to gamma-ray astronomy, x-ray integration, test, and flight operations of manage the operations of the CXO astronomy, solar physics, space plasma the Gravity ProbeÐB (GPÐB) flight through the Operations Control Center physics and astrobiology. In the cosmic- experiment. The GPÐB objective is to (OCC) and the Chandra X-Ray Center ray field, MSFC scientists are test two extraordinary, unverified (CXC) at the Smithsonian Astrophysical developing and testing particle predictions of Einstein’s Theory of Observatory in Cambridge, MA. The calorimeters for the Advanced Cosmic General Relativity, namely “geodetic program’s goals are to determine the Ray Experiment on Space Station precession” and “frame dragging,” both nature of celestial objects from normal (ACCESS). ACCESS will increase the of which describe distortions in the stars to quasars, understand the nature energy range over which the space time continuum. In order to test of physical processes that take place in composition and energy spectra of these subtle effects, GPÐB will fly ultra- cosmic rays can be measured. In and between astronomical objects, and precise, tiny gyroscopes aboard a drag- gamma-ray astronomy, MSFC scientists understand the history and evolution of free spacecraft containing the world’s will continue to support operations, the universe. These goals will be largest space-qualified cryogenic distribution and analysis of data from accomplished by extending the range of system. the Burst and Transient Source astrophysical observations significantly Experiment (BATSE) of the Compton In an effort to communicate new beyond that of previous x-ray Gamma-Ray Observatory. Discoveries science and technology information to observatories through increases in of new gamma-ray bursters, pulsars and the public, MSFC’s science sensitivity and resolution. Images taken black hole candidates will be made. A communications process works to will be 10 times sharper than those from prototype of the Gamma-ray Large develop between three and five new previously flown x-ray telescopes. Area Space Telescope (GLAST), using WWW headlines per week that draw scintillating fiber technology will be from the entire NASA research Chandra Metrics used to demonstrate achievement of the portfolio. ■ Fully acceptable performance is defined as mission angular resolution and energy Scientific Payloads and Research Metrics instruments meeting nominal performance range requirements. In x-ray astronomy ■ Gravity Probe-B expectations, completing 80 percent of a balloon payload will be flown to • Complete final integration and test of the Gravity preplanned and commanded observations demonstrate a new replicated optics Probe-B science payload with 95 percent of science data recovered on technology being developed for the • Mission lifetime of 16 months • Measurement accuracy for relativistic drift of the ground. Minimum acceptable perfor- Constellation-X mission. In solar 0.5 milliarcsecond/year mance is defined as the loss of one or both physics, analysis of MSFC’s vector ■ Solar-B gratings, and/or loss of an entire focal plane magnetic field measurements in instrument, and/or partial loss of the second • Mission lifetime of 3 years conjunction with data from several U.S. • Engineering models by February 2001 focal plane instrument, as long as imaging and international space missions will • Focal plane instrument to ISAS by October 2002 capability is available. Complete 40 percent of continue. The development of the • 0.5-Meter Optical Telescope resolution of 0.25 preplanned observations with 75 percent of arcseconds technology for demonstrating an science data recovered on the ground. ■ ultraviolet vector magnetograph has Solar X-Ray Imager • Launch on GOES-M October 2000 begun. In space plasma physics, data • Mission lifetime of 3 years from the TIDE and UVI instruments are • Full-disk soft x-ray imaging of the Sun, being acquired and analyzed as part of including solar flares and coronal holes.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 15 Climate studies and lightning observations.

The ER2 flies most of the sensors for land and severe storm research.

Optical Transient Detector and Lighting Global Hydrology and Climate Center Global Hydrology Imaging Sensor (LIS), understanding Metrics the relationship between lightning flash and Climate Center ■ Provide two demonstrations of improvements rate and severe storm onset, and We support— to climate modeling based upon utilization of establishing a collaborative program operational satellite data in FY00 with NOAA for acquisition of lightning ■ Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) ■ data from geosynchronous orbit to Establish a partnership with the NOAA forecast office for use of advanced satellite ■ improve severe storm prediction. National Oceanographic and data to improve operational forecast models Atmospheric Administration To support archaeological studies and on a regional scale in FY00 (NOAA) contribute to ESE global land use ■ Publish three scientific papers on the classification, land use change research Through the Global Hydrology and relationship between lightning and severe in Central America will be performed. storms; establish an agreement with NOAA for Climate Center (GHCC), a joint venture In addition, the GHCC will evaluate the flight of a lightning imaging sensor in with academia, MSFC engages in interannual climate variability of the geosynchronous orbit in FY00 research, education, and the develop- southeast U.S. and determine implica- ■ Complete mosaic of Central America from the ment of Earth science applications. The tions on key economic sectors and GHCC focuses on using advanced Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS–1), increase the understanding of sources provide initial training of Central American technology to observe and understand and sinks for tropospheric ozone and its participants, and complete two site intensive the global climate system, and applies transport. field campaigns within the region in FY00 this knowledge to agriculture, urban ■ Complete regional assessment of Southeast planning, water resource management, Restructure of the coherent wind lidar and operational meteorology. Areas of U.S. and integrate into national assessment technology demonstration program process in FY00 emphasis include observations of includes ground-based technology lightning, winds, and the use of other ■ Restructure wind remote sensing program in development, and design planning for collaboration with GSFC and complete measurements for the study of Earth’s future flight opportunities. Other global hydrologic and energy cycles. ground validation of key coherent lidar sub- activities include developing improved systems in FY00 satellite retrieval techniques to measure FY 2000 GHCC Activities ■ Complete baseline thermal characteristics of and monitor atmospheric aerosol five major U.S. cities in collaboration with The GHCC will perform global water concentration, its transport, and its state and local government in FY00 cycle research emphasizing the use of influence on radiative properties of ■ Process, validate, archive, and provide clouds. advanced satellite measurements for accessibility to continuing data sets from determining fundamental atmospheric OTD, LIS, and AMSU in FY00. water variables, their phase, and their Research results from urban heat island three-dimensional transports, translating studies will be provided to state and findings into improved climate predic- local governments for utilization, and tion models. To emphasize increased the Global Hydrology Resource Center accuracy in surface hydrology and (GHRC) will continue developing its dispersion of chemical pollutants, the capabilities through component data GHCC will use advanced satellite data information systems for LIS, MSU, assimilation techniques in regional AMSU, and SSM/I measurements; its weather prediction models. ESIP for AMSR data processing; and its efficient accessibility by science A major focus in FY 2000 is strengthen- community. ing the atmospheric lightning program through continuing research and acquisition of global lightning data from Land use change in the Atlanta, GA, area where red indicates urban area development.

16 Agency Support Activities A broad range of personnel, facility, and operational support services is required to support NASA’s mission. NASA Headquarters has assigned the following Agency support activities to MSFC. Principal Center Support Activities

■ Communications Architecture management, oversite, and coordination Other Support Activities and Providing Agencywide Area of Agencywide IFMP training Network (WAN) Services initiatives. ■ Spacelink Provide an Agencywide communica- ■ NASA Operational Environment NASA Spacelink is an electronic tions architecture to support NASA’s Team (NOET) aeronautics and space resource that Enterprises that incorporates flexibility Provide a continuing capability to places NASA educational materials, of technologies, efficiency in sustaining support and facilitate activities related news, and reference data at the costs, and standards ensuring full to achieving environmental compliance fingertips of teachers and students interoperability. in the design, development, test, use around the world. ■ NASA Automated Data Process- and production of aerospace hardware. ■ Electronic Meeting System ing Consolidation Center ■ NASA Acquisition Internet Provide leadership in implementing and Centrally locate, operate, and manage Service (NAIS) sustaining a collaborative performance non-Mission Critical mainframe Provide the leadership for the Agency’s improvement tool across the Agency. computers and mid-range systems on-line acquisition service and required to support the Agency’s ■ Human Resource and Payroll technical support for all operational Strategic Enterprises. Information Systems systems and the primary technical Provide leadership in implementing and ■ NASA Digital Television expertise for several developmental sustaining an Agency human resource Transition projects, including the Virtual Procure- and payroll system that provides the Provide policy dissemination, planning, ment Office (VPO). Responsible for necessary automated tools to profes- and implementation guidelines to management of Agencywide team sionals that support the NASA efficiently transition from NASA’s activities. workforce. Provides NASA payroll current analog television and video ■ NASA Integrated Services production and customer support for systems architecture to the U.S. digital Network (NISN) the Agency. standard. The NISN Project Office provides ■ Integrated Financial Manage- ■ Earned-Value Management voice, video, data, and messaging ment Program (IFMP) (EVM) services to Agency customers, Provide leadership in the IFMP arena, Establish an effective, value-added including mission, center, program- and along with DFRC, be the first NASA EVM program and provide the matic, administrative, and scientific Centers to implement IFMP. Agency oversight and guidance for the communities. operations, the test facility, and implementation of EVM policy ■ Defense Contract Administrative development of Agencywide legacy throughout the Agency. Service Financial Management system interfaces are performed by ■ NASA Preferred Technical Support MSFC. Standards Responsible for Agency-level account- ■ Logistics Business Systems Serves as the NASA lead in providing ing associated with the Contract Operations and Maintenance an integrated system of NASA-wide Administration and Audit Services Provide responsive and cost- effective preferred technical standards, guide- provided to NASA. logistics business systems to all NASA lines, specifications, and handbooks. ■ National Center for Advanced Strategic Enterprises, business partners, ■ Space Environments and Effects Manufacturing (NCAM) and logistics business process custom- Serve as NASA’s lead for identifying, Enables advanced manufacturing ers. developing, and maintaining the research and technology development ■ Environmental Assessments technologies required to mitigate and incorporates the use of Intelligent Impact Statements effects of hazardous space environ- Synthesis Environment into manufac- Provide leadership in implementing the ments on spacecraft required for future turing to improve the competitiveness National Environmental Policy Act for missions. of the U.S. aerospace industry. all new MSFC programs such as XÐ33, ■ IFMP Training Activity ■ NASA Engineering Excellence Future X Pathfinders, and Space Solar As Principal Center, MSFC has Initiative Power. assumed responsibility for the Lead a NASA-wide effort to define, ■ AdminSTAR Integrated Financial Management measure, and improve engineering Provide leadership in implementing and Program (IFMP) Training Program excellence across the Agency, with sustaining a training administration activities and will carry out the role focus on people, processes, facilities, business system across the Agency. from an Agency perspective. MSFC and tools. will provide general day-to-day

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 17 Institutional Functions and Capabilities

Our goal: Enhance and sustain a highly skilled, diverse, and motivated workforce committed to safety while working in a creative and productive environment in support of cutting-edge systems and technology development.

Functions Goals Metrics Safety and Enhance MSFC’s effectiveness in roles supporting ¥ Maintain Centerwide Safety and Mission Assurance NASA’s Strategic Enterprises by ensuring that safety, initiatives to support all MSFC programs and Mission reliability, maintainability, and quality assurance are projects in accordance with the defined S&MA Assurance integrated early into and throughout the life cycle of all metrics in this plan. programs and projects. Center Enhance customer satisfaction by simplifying ¥ Ninety percent customer satisfaction by processes and reducing costs associated with FY 2000 Operations providing and delivering quality support services, ¥ Ninety percent services provided at competitive rates protecting and preserving physical assets, providing a by FY 2000 safe and healthy environment for the MSFC ¥ Eighty percent of processes simplified through workforce, and promoting harmonious industrial labor integrated support services by FY 2000 relations. ¥ Perform annual building inspections and special inspections to ensure a healthy work environment for ¥ Environmental Engineering Department all employees. ¥ Facilities Engineering Department ¥ Make available to all employees physical ¥ Information Services Department examinations, special screenings, immunizations, ¥ Logistics Services Department first aid and emergency assistance. ¥ Protective Services Department Customer Facilitate and coordinate the MSFC strategic and ¥ Implement IFMP Performance Series Training 3 months implementation planning process and communicate, prior to IFMP implementation and Employee internally and externally, clear, consistent messages ¥ Reduce the MSFC civil servants’ FTE while maintaining a Relations that are traceable to the MSFC Implementation Plan. diverse workforce Partner with other Center organizations to increase ¥ Enhance public knowledge of MSFC programs and collaboration or renew beneficial agreements with activities by conducting a national media campaign monthly government agencies at all levels. Promote alliances ¥ Increase the number of NASA Educator Resource with academia, industry, and national and regional Centers to seven in our six-state geographical region associations to utilize ongoing research and technolo- ¥ Increase the employee and organizational development gies developed at the Center. Involve the educational opportunities by 15 percent over the FY99 baseline community in our endeavors to inspire students, create ¥ Implement summer program for college undergraduates learning opportunities, and enlighten inquisitive and first year graduate students minds. Ensure an effective workforce that enables ¥ Establish 10 new partnerships that compliment Marshall’s primary mission areas; negotiate 3 new MSFC to succeed in a dynamic external environment, licensing agreements that provide monetary value to the and provide quality products and services to our Center; and release 10 new success stories that highlight customers. the technologies of MSFC ¥ Increase by 50 percent the number of key stakeholders ¥ Education Programs briefed on MSFC’s roles and missions with a focus to ¥ Employee and Organizational Development members of Congress on NASA oversight committees ¥ Government and Community Relations ¥ Increase by 50 percent the number of speaking ¥ Human Resources opportunities for the Marshall Director and other ¥ Internal Relations and Communications Center employees at the local, regional, and national ¥ Media Relations level. With other CaER organizations, develop key ¥ Technology Transfer center messages on MSFC roles and missions for speakers to convey ¥ Incorporate exhibits and interactive displays at the Space Station bus tour stop about Marshall product lines by December 1999. ¥ Develop new methods of directing web surfing educators and students to NASA sites containing popular content sought by the educational community.

18 Equal Promote and strive for equal opportunity; equity and ¥ Increase workforce representation by 5 percent in diversity in all occupational groups, grade levels, underrepresented categories as defined in the Opportunity organizational units; MSFC programs and activities; Center’s current Affirmative Employment Plan and fully accessible facilities. Conduct educational ¥ Improve the accessability features in five of the programs with historically black and other minority Center’s buildings and public access areas universities. ¥ Increase research participation with historically black and other minority universities by 5 percent.

Financial As stewards of government resources, we will develop ¥ Obligate 95 percent of authorized funding for the and maintain processes and systems that ensure current Program Year Management accurate financial control across the Center. ¥ Ensure that the IFMP Phase 1 systems and processes are successfully implemented 8 months after the successful test of the Core Financial Module ¥ Cost 70 percent or more of the resources authority available to cost within the fiscal year.

Legal Support MSFC’s assigned roles and missions by ¥ Ensure that all court-imposed filing dates are met providing sound, understandable, timely legal counsel ¥ Review financial disclosure forms within 60 days of Support and representation of the highest quality to all MSFC submission. organizational elements. Administer the ethics program and patent prosecution for MSFC.

Procurement Improve effectiveness and efficiency of Center ¥ Increase obligated funds available for performance- acquisitions through increased use of techniques and based contracts to 80 percent management tools that enhance contractor innovations ¥ MSFC will award 20 percent of its dollars available and performance. for contracting to Small Business concerns in FY00 ¥ MSFC will award 8 percent of its dollars available for contracting to Small Disadvantaged Businesses in FY00.

Systems The Systems Management Office (SMO) was created ¥ Establish collaboratively with other MSFC and as the pathfinder for a NASA initiative during the NASA organizations the expected mode(s) of Management MSFC reorganization in May 1999, to provide a focal interaction (e.g., customer, provider, peer) and Office point for systems management, including systems document these in SMO processes in FY00 engineering and cost and economic analysis, for ¥ Establish criteria in early FY00 for MSFC projects MSFC programs and projects. The Systems Manage- and programs to achieve focus status, a subset ment Office provides systems management consulting which receives the highest level of SMO support; support throughout the product life cycle; and establish baseline Organizational Issuances ensures that appropriately tailored systems through the MSFC ISOÐ9000 management system management processes are designed in the that define SMO processes by January 1, 2000 ¥ Plan, conduct and support Independent Assessments formulation of programs/projects; provides and Independent Annual and Non-Advocate independent evaluations of MSFC projects and Reviews, as appropriate (30 planned); implement programs for compliance with and periodic independent evaluation to the MSFC implementation of NASA and MSFC project Director (30 planned); and recommend project and program management guidelines and unique tailoring of 7120.5A processes manuals; provides leadership, consultation ¥ Provide program and project planning consultation services, and technical expertise and determines to projects in formulation to ensure NPG 7120.5A consistency across product lines for Center compliance (12 planned) systems engineering and cost and economic ¥ Support MSFC implementation of the NASA analysis functions; ensures that MSFC program/ Engineering Excellence Initiative, leading project personnel receive appropriate training formulation of systems engineering training plans and mentoring in systems engineering and cost by September 30, 2000; and develop and implement and economic analysis best practices; and process for mentoring of systems and cost engineers supports external organizations in reviews and analysis at MSFC by September 30, 2000 of NASA programs and projects. ¥ Implement prototype capability for ISE Reusable Space Transportation System application.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 19 Engineering Capabilities

Engineering Directorate MSFC’s Engineering Directorate Structures, Mechanical, and Thermal Engineering Metrics provides highly skilled crosscutting Department: Plans, conducts, and ■ Reduce relative lost time injuries by 50 engineering services for the MSFC directs R&D in structural, mechanical, percent as compared to FY99 baseline product line directorates and offices, and thermal systems for the analysis, and provides Agency leadership of design, and/or qualification testing of ■ Increase the relative amount of training by select crosscutting engineering func- space and launch vehicles, payloads, 10 percent compared to the FY99 baseline tions. and systems. ■ Initiate at least one new means of communicating directorate information to ED The Engineering Directorate’s mission Materials, Processes, and Manufac- personnel is to provide state-of-the art engineering turing Department: Provides science, ■ services for MSFC’s products, and technology, and engineering design, Achieve 90 percent customer satisfaction as determined by ED customer surveys of enables safe and affordable access to development and test of materials, MSFC product line directorates and offices space, advanced tools and hardware for processes and products to be used in space utilization, and the creation of space vehicle applications, including ■ Initiate at least one new means of obtaining new knowledge of our Earth and related ground facilities, test articles, customer feedback to ED from the product universe through support of scientific and support equipment. line directorates and offices investigations. The directorate also ■ Complete benchmarking of engineering leads the development of some Engineering Systems Department: capabilities and identify areas for Agencywide crosscutting engineering Plans and performs systems related improvement technologies, and participates in the crosscutting engineering services and transfer of these technologies into the support encompassing NASA standards, ■ Increase the relative number of ED technical private sector. mass properties, kinematics, support- memoranda, conference papers, journal ability and logistics, modeling and papers as well as ED membership in The directorate’s capabilities include simulation, human engineering, technical commities by 10 percent as mechanical design; avionics systems; configuration and data management, compared to the FY99 baseline structural systems; and thermal systems and environments (EMI/EMC, space ■ Implement the NASA Engineering Excellence design, analysis, and test; materials and and terrestrials). Initiative through responsibilities as manufacturing process development; Principal Center and crosscutting systems engineering Engineering Technology Development services. The directorate also does Office: Integrates technology develop- ■ Establish at least three new teaming research, technology and development ment for the directorate and leads the arrangements with another NASA Center(s) for the engineering tools and facilities Space Environments and Effects to support MSFC product line directorates in the areas of our crosscutting engi- program for the Agency. and offices neering disciplines. ■ Establish at least three new teaming Chandra Chief Engineers Office: arrangements with an industry and/or a The directorate accomplishes its Provides system engineering support for university partner to bid on a NASA MSFC objectives through highly trained and the Chandra Observatory program. activity or NASA NRA’s motivated personnel located in four departments and three offices described Business Management Office: ■ Initiate and/or propose at least one new below: Integrates business management for the national or international activity for ED to directorate and supports Center and lead the Agency in a crosscutting Avionics Department: Plans, performs, Agencywide initiatives in improving engineering function and directs R&D in engineering and NASA business practices. analysis of electrical systems, guidance ■ Increase the relative number of ED patent and control systems, instrumentation disclosures by 20 percent as compared to systems, radio frequency systems, the FY99 baseline computer and data systems, software and avionics simulation systems related ■ Participate in the transfer of at least two new to space vehicles, payloads, and support technologies into the private sector. equipment.

20 MSFC’s Link to the Future

he NASA Strategic Plan The MSFC FY 2000 Implementation other Federal agencies, and academia. defines the Agency’s vision, Plan provides the link for the Center The Implementation Plan reflects T mission, and fundamental Program Plans, Project Plans, Institu- MSFC’s dedication to NASA’s goals questions of science and research that tional Implementation Plans, Center and communicates to the Strategic provide the foundation for our goals. Procedures, and Employee Performance Enterprises, our employees, and our The four Strategic Enterprises identify Plans to the Agency and Enterprise partners and customers the implementa- their objectives to meet the Agency’s Strategic Plans. Our implementation is tion of our roles and missions through goals in their individual Strategic Plans. supported by industry, other Centers, metrics tied to the Agency budget.

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 21 Points of Contact

For further information regarding the Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan, please contact the following individuals.

Center of Excellence for Space Propulsion Space Transportation Directorate—http://photo3.msfc.nasa.gov/propulsion.html TD01 John Rogacki 256Ð544Ð3551 Propulsion Research Center TD40 George Schmidt 256Ð544Ð6055

Human Exploration and Development of Space Microgravity Research—http://microgravity.msfc.nasa.gov/ SD10 Robin Henderson 256Ð544Ð1738 Flight Projects Directorate—http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/FD/ FD01 Axel Roth 256Ð544Ð0451 Space Shuttle—http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/ MP01 Alex McCool 256Ð544Ð0718 ISS Propulsion Module Project Office TD11 Steve Richards 256Ð544Ð7053 Development Projects Office TD12 Bob Hughes 256Ð544Ð6624

Aero-Space Technology Space Transportation Systems Development—http://stp.msfc.nasa.gov/ TD01 John Rogacki 256Ð544Ð3551 Advanced Space Transportation Program—http://astp.msfc.nasa.gov/ TD15 Garry Lyles 256Ð544Ð9203 XÐ33 Program—http://rlv.msfc.nasa.gov/ TD13 Robert Austin 805Ð572Ð2134 Pathfinder Program—http://rlv.msfc.nasa.gov/ TD14 John London 256Ð544Ð0454 Vehicle and Systems Development Department TD50 Helen McConnaughey 256Ð544Ð1165 Technology Evaluation Department TD70 Jerry Smelser 256Ð544Ð4082

Space Science Enterprise Science Directorate—http://science.nasa.gov SD01 Frank Rose 256Ð544Ð7721 Space Optics Manufacturing Technology SD70 Scott Smith 256Ð544Ð5175 Chandra X-ray Observatory Program Office (CXO)—http://Chandra.nasa.gov/ XP01 Fred Wojtalik 256Ð544Ð0647 Gravity ProbeÐB SD30 Rex Geveden 256Ð544Ð9335

Earth Science Enterprise Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC)— SD60 Ray Arnold 256Ð922Ð5861 http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/ghcc_home.html

22 Principal Center and Agency Support Activities NASA Payroll Operations Consolidation RS10 John Alexander 256Ð544Ð7290 Integrated Financial Management Program Implementation AD33 Jonathan Pettus 256Ð544Ð9271 Communications Architecture and Providing Agency WAN Services AD33 Terry Luttrell 256Ð544Ð0130 NASA Automated Data Processing Consolidation Center AD31 Portia Dischinger 256Ð544Ð8650 Earned Value Performance Management RS40 Jeff Saxon 256Ð544Ð0109 NASA Prefered Technical Standards ED40 Gabe Wallace 256Ð544Ð4359 Space Environments and Effects ED03 Steven Pearson 256Ð544Ð2350 NASA Digital Television Transition AD32 Rodney Grubbs 256Ð544Ð4582 Sustaining Engineering Support for Agencywide Administrative Systems AD33 Sheila Fogle 256Ð544Ð5638 Logistics Business Systems Operations and Maintenance AD40 Nikita Zurkin 256Ð544Ð6326 IFMP Training CD03 Tricia Kennedy 256Ð544Ð7532 AdminSTAR and Electronic Meeting System CD20 Greg Walker 256Ð544Ð7558 Engineering Excellence Initiative ED41 Joseph Hale 256Ð544Ð2193 NASA Operational Environment Team ED30 Ann Whitaker 256Ð544Ð2481 Defense Contract Administrative Service Financial Management Support RS21 Tonia Martin 256Ð544Ð6506 NASA Integrated Service Network AD30 Rick Helmick 256Ð544Ð3460 National Center for Advanced Manufacturing ED30 Ann Whitaker 256Ð544Ð2481 Spacelink—http://spacelink.nasa.gov CD60 Jim Pruitt 256Ð544Ð0213

MSFC Institutional Functions and Capabilities—http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/ Engineering Directorate ED01 Jim Kennedy 256Ð544Ð1000 Chief Counsel LS01 Bill Hicks 256Ð544Ð0010 Educational Programs CD60 Jim Pruitt 256Ð544Ð0213 Equal Opportunity OS01 Charles Scales 256Ð544Ð4927 Financial Management RS01 David Bates 256Ð544Ð0092 Human Resources CD10 Danny Hightower 256Ð544Ð7496 Internal Relations & Communications CD40 Norman Brown 256Ð544Ð0505 Government & Community Relations CD50 Shar Hendrick 256Ð544Ð5549 Employee and Organizational Development CD20 Greg Walker 256Ð544Ð7558 Information Services AD30 Charles Houston 256Ð544Ð5772 Facilities Engineering AD20 Peter Allen 256Ð544Ð7909 Environmental Engineering AD10 Rebecca McCaleb 256Ð544Ð4367 Logistics Services AD40 Roy Malone 256Ð544Ð0506 Procurement PS01 Steve Beale 256Ð544Ð0257 Safety & Mission Assurance QS01 Amanda Goodson 256Ð544Ð0043 Technology Transfer CD30 Sally Little 256Ð544Ð4266 Protective Services AD50 Bradley Waits 256Ð544Ð4534 Media Relations CD70 Dom Amatore 256Ð544Ð0031 Systems Management Office VS01 J.W. Kilpatrick 256Ð544Ð2051 Occupational Safety QS10 Herb Shivers 256Ð544Ð8903 Occupational Health AD02M William Dye 256Ð544Ð2390

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 23 Marshall Space Flight Center Implementation Plan Linkage to the FY 2000 NASA Performance Plan Human Exploration and Development of Space Enterprise

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance Targets MSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Expand the frontier Invest in enabling high-leverage exploration In coordination with other Enterprises, Manage the Space Solar Power (SSP) Publish a final report on the SERT study. technologies develop and implement tests and Exploratory Research and Technology Material within the report will include demonstrations of capabilities for future (SERT) study. Activities include analysis concept analysis, technology roadmaps and human exploration in the areas of of system concepts to identify viable recommendations on near-term technology advanced space power, advanced space approaches to SSP for planetary surface development and demonstrations. transportation, information and and space applications. Products will Demonstrate SSP technologies in solar automation systems, and sensors and enable NASA management to make power generation (SPG), power instruments informed decisions on a portfolio of SSP management and distribution (PMAD), and technology investments. wireless power transmission (WPT).

Enable human exploration through Complete the Radiation Research Initiate planning in combustion research collaborative robotic missions Instrument for the Mars 01 missions to safety issues, conduct workshop on study transit, orbital, and surface radiation radiation shielding, conduct ISRU Conduct one workshop on radiation and effects, and conduct three workshops to workshop on materials, complete In Situ Resource Utilization. Conduct define and prioritize research tasks in requirements definition of dust requirements definition for granular flows, subjects such as radiation shielding management and granular flows fluids, and dust management experiment materials, in situ resource utilization, and fluids management and heat transfer technology. Complete the science definition of granular flows, fluids, and dust management experiments to begin gathering research data to alleviate critical problems of dust buildup, habitat foundation engineering, and rover performance during planetary exploration

Define innovative, safe and affordable Complete the development and initiate the Participate in HEDS Integrated Technology human exploration mission architectures implementation of a comprehensive Planning technology investment strategy to support Publish technology planning for future human exploration that includes Microgravity Research and Space Product capability development for increasing Development in the HEDS Research and self-sustainability, decreasing transit Technology Plan times, developing commercial opportunities, reducing cost and risk, and increasing knowledge and operational safety

Expand Scientific Knowledge In partnership with the scientific Support an expanded research program of Hold pre-NRA conferences, release NRA’s community, use the space environment to approximately 935 investigations, an in three research disciplines. Science data explore chemical, biological, and physical increase of ~17% over FY99. Publish to be returned to investigators in a timely Support at least 425 research systems 100% of science research progress in the manner to aid in meeting publication investigations. Support at least 12 Science annual OLMSA Life Sciences and schedules. Bibliography to be updated Concept Reviews and 20 Requirements Microgravity Research Program Task and maintained in internet continuously. Definition Reviews. Prepare and release Bibliographies and make this available on three NRA’s. Maintain science the internet bibliography on the internet. Conduct research on at least 7 parabolic aircraft flight campaigns and 2 suborbital rocket flights

Initiate flight and ground investigation grants for 98 Materials Science NASA Using suborbital rockets, complete one Communicate requirements to providers Research Announcements combustion experiment on the flame to ensure availability of suborbital rockets, Launch one SAL campaign and one spread of liquid fuels to better control launch one SAL campaign and one fluids Extensional Rheology Experiment (ERE) Earth-/space-based fire hazards, and investigation. Data to be returned to conduct an investigation to test theories of investigators in timely manner for fundamental physics properties and publication. physical laws of fluids to provide key data for Earth and space-based processing materials; report the results

Complete data reduction from the STS–95 Cooperative efforts with NIH and other Research Module mission. Begin to non-NASA agencies to be investigated Issue mission report on STS-95 explore new cooperative efforts with the during planing conferences with science NIH in the area of aging and transfer and discipline meetings. space-driven research data for industry development of a new drug to treat Chagas’ disease

24 Human Exploration and Development of Space Enterprise (continued)

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance Targets MSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Enable and establish a permanent and Provide safe and affordable access to Have in place an aggressive Shuttle Space Shuttle Projects Office Achieve a 60% increase in predicted productive human presence in Earth orbit space program that ensures the availability of a reliability of the Space Shuttle over the safe and reliable Shuttle system through 1995 baseline the ISS era Maintain less than one in-flight anomaly Achieve seven or fewer flight anomalies (IFA) per mission for Marshall-related per mission propulsion elements

Deploy and operate the ISS to advance Deploy and activate the Canadian-built Provide launch carrier system and on- Provide carrier integration on schedule for scientific, exploration, engineering, and Space Station Remote Manipulator orbit deployment support Flight 6A in 4th quarter of FY00 commercial objectives System to provide an ISS-based remote manipulating capability for maintenance and assembly

Deploy and activate the airlock to provide Provide launch carrier and support on- Provide carrier integration on schedule for an ISS-based EVA capability orbit deployment ISS Flight 3A in 1st quarter of FY00

Deliver to orbit the first of three Italian- Provide engineering oversight of the Integrate the first MPLM in preparation for built Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules design, development, and manufacturing flight 5A.1, 3rd quarter of FY00 (MPLM’s) to provide a reusable capability of the three MPLM’s for delivering payload and systems racks to orbit Conduct operations with a three-person Certify cadre for integrated payload Conduct integrated payload operations on human presence on the ISS operations and deliver associated flight ISS beginning with Flight 4A in FY00 products

Deliver ground support systems for Conduct operational readiness reviews in payload operations FY00 Complete preparations for the initial ISS Develop the EXPRESS rack for integration Management of ISS Propulsion Module research capability through the integration of science payloads of the first rack of the Human Research Facility (HRF–1), five EXPRESS racks with small payload research, and the Complete preparations for the initial ISS Complete development and integration of Microgravity Science Glovebox research capability EXPRESS racks in accordance with flight schedules beginning in FY00 Microgravity Science and Applications Complete preparations for launch of the first rack of the Human Research Facility on Flight 5A.1 Perform verification testing and conduct acceptance reviews on MSG in preparation for turnover to ISS for integration

Perform verification testing and conduct Complete acceptance review for MSG acceptance reviews on MSG on preparation for turnovers to ISS for integration. Provide at least three small research payloads compatible with EXPRESS racks

Develop, build, and deliver a U.S. Management of ISS Propulsion Module Complete ISS Propulsion Module CDR in Propulsion Module before the end of FY 2000 2002

Build and deliver ICM to support CY00 Management of ICM Module Prepare ISS Interim Control Module for utilization late FY00 availability

Ensure and enhance the health, safety, and Provide training to the appropriate NASA Use the Agency Safety Initiative model to Reduce lost time mishap rate by 20% per performance of humans in space supervisors with specific emphasis on reinvigorate the MSFC Safety Program year compared to the FY98 baseline of actions to prevent injury and illness on 0.16 over 5 years and better the goal each the job. Increase employee participation in year the wellness program by at least 25% over the FY97 baseline. In coordination with the Office of Safety and Mission Complete the OSHA VPP Star Certification Assurance, achieve a 10% reduction in by the end of FY00 workers’ compensation claims over the FY98 baseline. Space Shuttle Projects Office Maintain less than one in-flight anomaly per mission

Expand the commercial development of Foster commercial participation on the Utilize at least 30% of Space Shuttle and Fund payload development for Space space International Space Station ISS FY00 capabilities for commercial Shuttle and ISS. Advocate commercial investigations, per the U.S. Partner payload accommodations in the Partner Fund developments and advocate Utilization Plan Utilization Plan accommodations for at least three commercial payloads Begin establishing an Infectious Disease Provide an augmentation to the Initiative with the Center for Cooperative Agreement with the Center for Macromolecular Crystallography Macromolecular Crystallography for an Infectious Disease Initiative

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 25 Aero- Space Technology Enterprise

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance Targets MSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Space Transportation-enable the full Revolutionize space launch capabilities Conduct the flight testing of the X–33 Management of the X–33 Program Begin flight test of the X–33 and commercial potential of space and vehicle demonstrate key technologies in CY00 expansion of space research and exploration Complete X–33 XRS–2200 linear aerospike hot fire at SSC

Complete proof and structural load tests of X–33 composite LH2 tank

Complete vehicle assembly and begin the Management of the Pathfinder Program Initiate flight test of the X–34 and flight test of the second X–34 vehicle demonstrate key technologies in CY00

Complete X–34 captive carry test in FY00

Complete X–37 design in FY00

Conduct X–40A approach and landing test

Deliver Fitcheck Fastrac engine to X–34 project in first quarter of FY00 and certify in third quarter of FY00

Launch SHARP–B2 flight experiment

Complete small payload-focused Management of ASTP Demonstrate densified liquid oxygen and technologies and select concepts for flight hydrogen for RLV application demonstration of a reusable first stage (Bantam) Complete Rocket-Based Combined Cycle flowpath testing in FY00 Complete 250k hybrid testing in the first quarter of FY00 Complete design and demonstration of a portable antiproton trap in FY00 Demonstrate RLV propulsion technologies including: – Lightweight long-life thrust cells – Polymer matrics lines, valves, and ducts – Advanced unshrouded impeller design – Advanced high efficiency tubine design.

Define combined cycle flight demonstration in FY00

Fly ProSEDS tether propulsion flight experiment at first opportunity after August 2000

None listed Space Propulsion Complete Spaceliner 100 technology roadmap in FY00 Continue to upgrade facilities and maintain safe, cost-effective state-of-the art test capabilities Build and deliver X–38 Deorbit Propulsion Stage for integration into the flight demonstrator in late FY00 Complete ground demonstration of 100% design life on the NSTAR ion engine in FY00 Complete combined cycle propulsion flight demonstrator definition in the second quarter of FY00 Complete 500-hour test of 10kW Hall Electric Thruster in FY00

26 Aero- Space Technology Enterprise (continued)

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance TargetsMSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Demonstrate 2nd generation RLV technologies by the end of calendar year 2000 including: – Nonautoclave processing and lox compatible composite structures – Composite joining – Integrated structure and TPS – Hot structures and TPS Space Transportation Directorate Study improvements in Shuttle systems safety, operability and cost by evaluating upgraded solid rocket motors or new liquid propulsion reusable first stages and the ET friction stir weld and repair processes Streamline operations by continuing the transition of routine operations from a government role of oversight to insight and the transition of Shuttle prime contracts to the Space Flight Operations Contract, based on project maturity and stability

Space Science Enterprise

Chart the evolution of the universe, from Solve mysteries of the universe The Chandra X-Ray Observatory will meet Management of the Chandra program Fully acceptable performance is defined origins to destiny, and understand its nominal performance expectations, with as instruments meeting nominal galaxies, stars, planets, and life 80% of preplanned and commanded performance expectations, completing observations with at least 95% of science 80% of preplanned and commanded data recovered on the ground observations with 95% of science data recovered on the ground. Minimum acceptable performance is defined as the loss of one or both gratings, and/or loss of an entire focal plane instrument, and/or partial loss of the second focal plane instrument, as long as imaging capability is available. Complete 40% of preplanned observations with 75% of science data recovered on the ground.

Complete the final integration and test of Manage the development of Gravity Complete final integration and test of the the GP–B science payload with the Probe-B Gravity Probe-B science payload spacecraft in August 2000

Complete and deliver for testing Solar B’s Manage the development of Solar-B Complete Phase A and requirements four electrical engineering models in review September 2000 Begin Phase B Support integration and test of Solar Complete integration and test for planned X-Ray Imager launch (October 2000) Full-disk soft x-ray imaging of the Sun, including solar flares and coronal holes In FY00, continue to operate instruments Support to the Burst and Transient Source MSFC scientists will support operations, not dependent on expended consumables Experiment (BATSE) distribution and analysis of data from the (OSSE,BATSE,COMPTEL) at an average Burst and Transient Source Experiment efficiency of at least 60% (BATSE) of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory

The prototype primary instrument for Support to the Gamma-Ray Large Area A prototype of the GLAST, using GLAST will demonstrate achievement of Space Telescope (GLAST) scintillating fiber technology, will be used the established instrument performance to demonstrate achievement of the level mission angular resolution and energy range requirements

Based on an overall goal of conducting Conduct fundamental research A balloon payload will be flown to 26 worldwide science and technology demonstrate the new replicated optics demonstration balloon missions, at least technology being developed for the 23 campaigns shall successfully achieve Constellation X mission altitude and distance, and investigators’ instrumentation shall function as planned for at least 19 missions

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 27 Space Science Enterprise (continued) NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance TargetsMSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Explore the solar system Acquire calibrated observational data from Conduct fundamental research In solar physics MSFC will continue the Japanese Yohkoh high-energy solar analysis of data from the Japanese/U.S. physics mission for at least 75% of the Yohkoh mission, the Transition Region time permitted by tracking coverage. and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), the Solar Collect pixel-limited images in all Heliospheric Observatory and the Ulysses Transition Region and Coronal Explorer missions in conjunction with vector (TRACE), wavelength bands. Capture at magnetic field measurements obtained at least 90% of available Ulysses science MSFC data.

Develop new critical technologies to World-class leadership in space optics Develop innovative technologies for None listed Conduct Research and Analysis in enable innovative and less costly mission enterprise missions and external manufacturing technology Diffractive Optics and Coatings and research concepts customers applications Advance the TRL one level in optical beam steering Demonstrate fabrication of 8" diameter diffractive optics Demonstrate imaging performance of .37-m fresnel lens Produce solar concentrators with 50% higher flux levels to enable solar power systems with efficiencies > 40% Investigate one new coating for x-ray mirror replication technology Upon delivery, test the two NGST demonstration mirrors at cryogenic temperatures For Constellation X, demonstrate resolution <= 10 arc seconds in replicated x-ray optics weighing <=1/3 the weight of XMM optics Produce 0.5 m diameter normal incidence replicated optics with thickness variation less than 5% over the mirror surface Identify concepts and materials for .1 Kg/m2 ultra-lightweight optical substrates Deploy and test an inductive edge sensor mirror alignment technology in a ground- based observatory Establish test-bed for image-based wavefront sensing and control system Establish a customer satisfaction tracking program Produce a 0.2-m diameter diffractive scanner with 80% efficiency for a 30-degree scan angle

Support all goals Support all objectives Conduct research and analysis Conduct fundamental research

The MSFC Space Science Department will conduct fundamental research in five disciplines: Cosmic-ray physics, high- energy astrophysics, solar physics, low- energy space plasma physics and astrobiology.

28 Earth Space Enterprise

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance TargetsMSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Expand scientific knowledge by Detect long-term climate change, causes Continue to improve the design and Perform global water cycle research Provide two demonstrations of characterizing the Earth system and impacts sophistication of a global climate system emphasizing use of advanced satellite improvements to climate modeling based model, including use of higher resolution, measurements for determining upon utilization of operational satellite to make it a state-of-the-art climate fundamental atmospheric water variables, data system model for projecting the climate their phase, and their three-dimensional consequences at the regional level. transports, translating findings to improved climate prediction models

Predict seasonal to interannual climate Establish a benchmark for global and Advance satellite data assimilation Establish a partnership with the NOAA variations regional rainfall measurements by techniques in regional weather prediction forecast office for use of advanced satellite combining TRMM measurements with models, emphasizing increased accuracy data to improve operational forecast measurements from other sources in surface hydrology and dispersion of models on a regional scale chemical pollutants

Strengthen atmospheric lightning Publish three scientific papers on the program through continuing research and relationship between lightning and severe acquisition of global lightning data from storms, and establish an agreement with OTD and LIS, understand relationship NOAA for flight of a lightning imaging between lightning flash rate and severe sensor in geosynchronous orbit storm onset, and establish collaborative program with NOAA for acquisition of lightning data from geosynchronous orbit to improve severe storm prediction

Restructure coherent wind lidar Restructure wind remote sensing program technology demonstration program in collaboration with GSFC and complete including ground-based technology ground validation of key coherent lidar development, and design planning for subsystems future flight opportunities

Understand the causes and consequences Continue the development of global land- Perform land use change research in Complete mosaic of Central America from of land-cover/land-use change cover/use change data set based on Central America for archaeological studies the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite Landsat and EOS instrument, at seasonal and contribution to ESE global land use (JERS-1), provide initial training of refresh rate classification Central American participants, and complete two site intensive field campaigns within the region

Enable the productive use of Earth science Make major scientific contributions to Complete the contribution to the First Evaluate interannual climate variability of Complete regional assessment of and technology in the public and private national and international environmental National Assessment of the Potential southeast U.S. and determine implications Southeast U.S. and integrate into national sectors assessments Consequences of Climate Variability and on key economic sectors assessment process Change: Provide climate scenario information, support the national synthesis, conduct several regional U.S. analyses, and provide supporting research for sector analyses

Complete baseline thermal characteristics Extend the use of Earth science research Implement at least five joint applications Increase collaboration with state and local of five major U.S. cities in collaboration for national, state, and local applications research projects/partnerships with state government for utilization of research and local governments in remote sensing results from urban heat island studies. with state and local governments applications

Disseminate information about the Earth Implement open, distributed, and EOSDIS will make available data on Continue developing capabilities of Process, validate, archive, and provide system responsive system architectures prediction, land surface, and climate to Global Hydrology Resource Center accessibility to continuing data sets from users within 5 days through its component data information OTD, LIS, and AMSU systems for LIS, MSU, AMSU, and SSM/I measurements, its ESIP for AMSR data processing, and its efficient accessibility by science community

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 29 Manage Strategically

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance TargetsMSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Provide a basis for the Agency to carry out Optimize investment strategies and Reduce the civil service workforce level to Human Resources Department Reduce the MSFC civil servants FTE while its responsibilities effectively and safely systems to align human, physical, and below 18,200. Maintain a diverse NASA maintaining a diverse workforce and enable management to make critical financial resources with customer workforce throughout the downsizing decisions regarding implementation requirements, while ensuring compliance efforts. Equal Opportunity Office Increase workforce representation by 5% activities and resource allocations that are with applicable statues and regulations in underrepresented categories consistent with the goals, objectives, and Improve the accessibility features in 5 of strategies contained in NASA’s Strategic, the Center’s buildings and public access Implementation, and Performance Plans areas Increase research participation with historically black and other minority universities by 5%

Reduce the number of Agency lost Safety and Mission Assurance Office Reduce lost-time mishap rate by 20% per workdays (from occupational injury or year over 5 years and better the NASA illness) by 3% from the FY94–96 3-year goal each year average Complete the OSHA Voluntary Protection Program Star certification by the end of FY 2000 Complete incorporation of safety into the MSFC Integrated Document Library by the end of FY 2000 Cost 70% or more of available resources Office of Chief Financial Officer Cost 70% or more of the resources authority available to cost within the fiscal year Obligate 95 percent of authorized funding for the current program year

Begin the implementation at NASA Office of Chief Financial Officer Ensure that the IFMP Phase 1 systems installations of the Integrated Financial and processes are successfully Management System following implemented 8 months after the completion of system testing successful test of the core financial module

IFMP Training Program Office Implement IFMP Performance Series Training 3 months prior to IFMP implementation at MSFC

None listed Systems Management Office Establish collaboratively with other MSFC and NASA organizations the expected mode(s) of interaction (e.g., customer, provider, peer) and document these in SMO processes Establish criteria for MSFC projects and programs to achieve focus status, a subset which receives the highest level of SMO support, and establish baseline Organizational Issuances through the MSFC ISO–9000 management system that define SMO processes Plan, conduct and support Independent Assessments and Independent Annual and Non-Advocate Reviews as appropriate, implement periodic independent evaluation to the MSFC Director, and recommend project unique tailoring of 7120.5A processes Provide program and project planning consultation to projects in formulation to ensure NPG 7120.5A compliance Support MSFC implementation of the NASA Engineering Excellence Initiative, leading formulation of systems engineering training plans, and develop and implement process for mentoring of systems and cost engineers at MSFC Implement prototype for ISE RSTS applications Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of Of funds available for PBC, maintain PBC Procurement Office Maintain obligated funds available for Agency acquisitions through the obligations at 80% performance-based contracts at 80% increased use of techniques and management that enhance contractor Achieve at least the congressionally MSFC will award 8% of its dollars innovations and performance mandated 8% goal for annual funding to available for contracting to SDB concerns small disadvantaged businesses. in FY 2000 None listed Center Operations Directorate Ninety percent customer satisfaction by FY 2000. Ninety percent services provided at competitive rates by FY 2000

30 Manage Strategically (Continued)

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance TargetsMSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Center Operations Directorate Perform annual building inspections and special inspections to ensure a healthy work environment

Make available to all employees physical examinations, special screenings, immunizations, first aid, and emergency assistance

Provide Aero-Space Products and Capabilities

Enable NASA’s Strategic Enterprises and Reduce the cost and development time to Meet schedule and cost commitments by Space Optics Technology Manufacturing Implement processes at the X-Ray their Centers to deliver products and deliver products and operational services keeping the development and upgrade of Center Calibration Facility to reduce the cost of services to customers more effectively and major scientific facilities and capital optical systems testing by 10% efficiently while extending the technology, assets within 110% of cost and schedule research, and science benefits broadly to estimates, on average the public and commercial sectors

Improve and maintain NASA’s engineering None listed Engineering Directorate Increase the relative amount of training by capability 10% compared to the FY99 baseline

Increase the relative number of ED technical memoranda, conference papers, journal papers as well as ED membership and technical commities by 10% as compared to the FY99 baseline

Implement the NASA Engineering Excellence Initiative through responsibilities as Principal Center

Initiate and/or propose at least one new national or international activity for ED to lead the Agency in a crosscutting engineering function

Participate in the transfer of at least two new technologies into the private sector Generate Knowledge

Extend the boundaries of knowledge of Select and fund/conduct research and For selecting, and funding/conducting Microgravity research Issue discipline research NRA’s for science and engineering, capture new analysis programs R&A and core technology projects, the microgravity research knowledge in useful and transferable Space Science Enterprise, media, and share new knowledge with OLMSA, and the ESE will use broad customers Agency announcements (AO, NRA, and CAN solicitations) to competitively award 80% or more of resources in these programs based on peer review

Conduct further research None listed Engineering Directorate Increase the relative number of ED technical memoranda, conference papers, and journal papers as compared to the FY99 baseline

Establish at least three new teaming arrangements with another NASA Center(s) to support MSFC product line directorates and offices.

Establish at least three new teaming arrangements with an industry and/or a university partner to bid on a NASA MSFC product line activity or NASA NRA

Initiate and/or propose at least one new national or international activity for ED to lead the Agency in a crosscutting engineering function

Increase the relative number of ED patent disclosures by 20% as compared to the FY99 baseline

Complete benchmarking of engineering capabilities and identify areas for improvement

Marshall Space Flight Center FY 2000 Implementation Plan 31 Communicate Knowledge

NASA Near-Term Goals NASA Objectives NASA Performance TargetsMSFC Implementation FY 2000 MSFC Metrics

Ensure that NASA’s customers receive the Highlight existing and identify new Increase new opportunities to transfer MSFC Technology Transfer Department Establish 10 new partnerships that information derived from NASA’s research opportunities for NASA’s customers, technology to private industry from compliment Marshall’s primary mission efforts that they want, in the format they including the public, the academic 19,600 to 19,800. These opportunities areas, negotiate 3 new licensing want, for as long as they want it community, and the nation’s students, to will be made available to the public agreements that provide monetary value to participate directly in space research and through the Tech Tracs database and will the Center, and release 10 new success discovery be measured by monitoring a controlled stories that highlight the technologies of data field that indicates the number of new MSFC technologies communicated to the public

Seek to maintain a level of participation MSFC Education Programs Increase the number of NASA Educator involvement of approximately 3 million Resource Centers in our six-state with the education commuity, including geographical service region to seven teachers, faculty, and students Implement a summer program for college undergraduates and first year graduate students

Improve the external constituent Provide the public with internal access to MSFC Media Relations Department Enhance public knowledge of MSFC communities’ knowledge, understanding, listings of existing and upcoming programs and activities by conducting a and use of results and opportunities communications events, activities, and national media campaign each month associated with NASA’s programs products and best communications practices within NASA

None listed Government and Community Relations Increase by 50% the number of key Department stakeholders briefed on MSFC's roles and missions with a focus to members of Congress on NASA oversight committees

Increase by 50% the number of speaking opportunities for the Marshall director and other Center employees at the local, regional, and national level. With other CaER organizations, develop key center messages on MSFC roles and missions for speakers to convey.

Incorporate exhibits and interactive displays at the Space Station bus tour stop about propulsion, microgravity, space transportation, space sciences, and optics by December 1999.

Increase the number of searched pages in MSFC’s science communications process Develop between three and five new WWW NASA web space by 5% per year, relative headlines per week that draw from the to the FY99 baseline entire NASA research portfolio

MSFC Education Programs Develop new methods of directing web surfing educators and students to NASA sites containing popular content sought by the educational community.

32