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Dehleretal2010 GSAB.Pdf Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on May 29, 2010 Geological Society of America Bulletin Maximum depositional age and provenance of the Uinta Mountain Group and Big Cottonwood Formation, northern Utah: Paleogeography of rifting western Laurentia Carol M. Dehler, C. Mark Fanning, Paul K. Link, Esther M. Kingsbury and Dan Rybczynski Geological Society of America Bulletin published online 20 May 2010; doi: 10.1130/B30094.1 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geological Society of America Bulletin Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed by PubMed from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. Copyright © 2010 Geological Society of America Published online May 20, 2010; doi:10.1130/B30094.1 Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on May 29, 2010 Maximum depositional age and provenance of the Uinta Mountain Group and Big Cottonwood Formation, northern Utah: Paleogeography of rifting western Laurentia Carol M. Dehler1,†, C. Mark Fanning2, Paul K. Link3, Esther M. Kingsbury3, and Dan Rybczynski1 1Department of Geology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA 2Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia 3Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA ABSTRACT ming province); 1.6–1.8 Ga (Paleoprotero- tuffaceous beds or microfossils with calibrated zoic Yavapai province); 1.5–1.6 Ga (Early short stratigraphic ranges. U-Pb detrital zircon analyses provide a Mesoproterozoic North American mag- The application of detrital zircon U-Pb geo- new maximum depositional age constraint matic gap), 1.4–1.45 Ga (Colorado province chronology has signifi cantly advanced Protero- on the Uinta Mountain Group (UMG) and A-type granite-rhyolite belt); 0.93–1.2 Ga zoic sedimentologic and stratigraphic research. correlative Big Cottonwood Formation (eastern Grenvillian orogen); and mid- Maximum depositional ages obtained from the (BCF) of Utah, and signifi cantly enhance our Neoproterozoic volcanic grains (766 Ma). youngest zircon age populations are now known insights on the mid-Neoproterozoic paleo- Sediment was transported by: (1) a major for Proterozoic basins on many continents (e.g., geographic and tectonic setting of western longitudinal west-fl owing river system tap- Ross et al., 1992; Rainbird et al., 1997; Evans Laurentia. A sandstone interval of the Out- ping the Grenville orogen, (2) local south- et al., 2000; Southgate et al., 2000; Smithies et al., law Trail formation with a youngest popu- fl owing drainages off the southern Wyoming 2001; Goodge et al., 2002; Ross and Villeneuve, lation (n = 4) of detrital zircons, from a craton, and (3) northerly and westerly 2003; Jackson et al., 2005; Maclean et al., 2006; sampling of 128 detrital zircon grains, yields fl owing marine currents. The Uinta Moun- Cawood et al., 2007; Cross and Crispe, 2007; a concordia age of 766 ± 5 Ma. This defi nes a tain Group river system was one of several Link et al., 2007; Amato et al., 2008), although maximum age for deposition of the lower- major transcontinental drainages that deliv- they do not always yield an age that represents middle Uinta Mountain Group in the east- ered Grenvillian zircon grains to the proto– the timing of deposition. Detrital zircon U-Pb ern Uinta Mountains and indicates that Pacifi c Ocean. We propose that this river age populations also provide fundamental prov- the group is no older than middle Neo- system ultimately supplied sediment to peri- enance information toward understanding the proterozoic in age (i.e., Cryogenian). These Gondwanan margins along the proto-Pacifi c paleogeographic development of Laurentia’s data support a long-proposed correlation to Antarctica, Australia, and South America, Proterozoic rift margins, although data are lim- with the Chuar Group of Grand Canyon providing an alternative source for explain- ited for middle Neoproterozoic Laurentia (Rain- (youngest age 742 Ma ± 6 Ma), which, like ing the problematic provenance of Grenvil- bird et al., 1997; Stewart et al., 2001; Cawood the Uinta Mountain Group and Big Cotton- lian grains in these areas. et al., 2007). wood Formation, records nonmagmatic in- Provenance interpretations of the Uinta tracratonic extension. This suggests a ~742 INTRODUCTION Mountain Group and Big Cottonwood Forma- to ≤766 Ma extensional phase in Utah and tion, based on sedimentologic, petrographic, Arizona that preceded the regional rift epi- Geochronologic constraints on Neoprotero- geochemical, and Nd-isotope data, support sode (~670–720 Ma), which led to develop- zoic successions are imperative for under- a general model of quartz sand derived from ment of the Cordilleran passive margin. standing the geologic history of the western eastern Proterozoic and distal Archean sources This is likely an intracratonic response to an Laurentian margin in its Rodinian and wider and feldspathic sand derived from proximal early rift phase of Rodinia. Further, because context. The Neoproterozoic Uinta Mountain Archean sources to the north (Wallace, 1972; the Chuar Group and the Uinta Mountain Group (UMG) and correlative Big Cotton- Sanderson, 1984; Ball and Farmer, 1998; Group–Big Cottonwood Formation strata wood Formation (BCF) of northern Utah form Condie et al., 2001). Preliminary detrital zircon record intracratonic marine deposition, this a signifi cant part of this margin. These strata U-Pb and Hf data (n = 4 samples) generated correlation suggests a regional ~740–770 Ma are included in Succession B of North America from the Uinta Mountain Group show a domi- transgression onto western Laurentia. (>720 to <1000 Ma), which is hypothesized to nant Meso protero zoic (1.1 Ga–Grenvillian ) The detrital grain-age distributions from record intracratonic basin development mark- age population with Hf isotope values sug- 12 samples include the following grain-age ing the early stages of the breakup of Rodinia gesting derivation from enriched Grenvillian populations and interpreted provenance: (Stewart, 1972; Young et al., 1979, 1981; Rain- basement now in the subsurface of south- 2.5–2.7 Ga (late Archean southern Wyo- bird et al., 1996, 1997). Until this study, these eastern North America (Mueller et al., 2007). km-thick successions have lacked geochrono- Prior to this study, Paleo protero zoic and mid- †E-mail: [email protected] logic control because they contain no known Neoproterozoic detrital zircon ages had not GSA Bulletin; September/October 2010; v. 122; no. 9/10; p. 1686–1699; doi: 10.1130/B30094.1; 7 fi gures; 1 table; Data Repository item 2010129. 1686 For permission to copy, contact [email protected] © 2010 Geological Society of America Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on May 29, 2010 Maximum depositional age and provenance of the Uinta Mountain Group and Big Cottonwood Formation, northern Utah been reported from the Uinta Mountain Group, fault system 3 and no detrital zircons had been analyzed from A North Flank the Big Cotton wood Formation. Salt Lake City 10 Uinta Anticline 5 4 Browns Park In this paper, we present new SHRIMP 11 8,9 (sensitive high-resolution microprobe) detri- 2 6 7 tal zircon U-Pb data for 12 samples from the CO 1 12 UT Uinta Mountain Group and the Big Cotton- Uinta Mountain Group wood Formation, along with stratigraphic Big Cottonwood Fm. Vernal and sedimentologic data collected in the past decade (Figs. 1 and 2; Table 1) (Ehlers 50° 110° 105° and Chan, 1999; De Grey and Dehler, 2005; B 100° 95° Brehm, 2007; Brehm, 2008; Kingsbury, 2008; Medicine Hat CANADA USA Rybczynski, 2009). We hypothesize that the (2.6–3.3 Ga) MT ND Uinta Mountain Group and Big Cottonwood Trans-Hudson Superior Formation intracratonic basin can be placed Great Falls Orogen Craton into a mid-Neoproterozoic context (i.e., Cryo- tectonic zone (>2.5 Ga) (1.86–1.77 Ga) (3.2–2.5 Ga, genian [850–635 Ma], Plumb, 1991; Knoll Selway 1.92–1.77 Ga) et al., 2004; U.S. Geological Survey Geologic (2.4–1.6 Ga) Names Committee, 2006). We also test corre- SD lations within Succession B strata in western 45° North America, as well as extracontinental Wyoming WY To Grenville correlations, thus providing a refi ned view of ID Craton Orogen and the paleogeographic and tectonic setting of the foreland Uinta Mountain Group–Big Cottonwood For- Grouse (>2.5 Ga) Creek Belt NE mation basin and surrounding region. Central (>2.5 Ga) Plains REGIONAL PRECAMBRIAN GEOLOGY UT Cheyenne (1.8–1.7 Ga) Uinta Mountain Group Farmington Zone Farmington 40° The Uinta Mountain Group of north-central Yavapai Utah is a thick siliciclastic succession that Interior Mojave (1.8–1.7 Ga) crops out in the east-west–trending Uinta (2.0–1.7 Ga) N Mountains, east of Salt Lake City (Fig.
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