Index

2-channel (2-channeru), 122, 126, 129 Aiba Masaki, 102, 105 “17-sai”, 190 Aidoru o Sagasu (InSearchofan “24-Hour Television”, 157 Idol), 4 , 27 A-dash, 39 Aizawa Masahisa, 66 Adelstein, Jake, 45 AKB48, 1, 3, 8–9, 20–6, 49–50, 52, 90, Adon, 132, 137 185, 187, 191, 193, 198–200, 202, Adonis Boy, 132 204–6, 222, 226 Adorno, Theodor W., 15 and advertising, 8–9, 24, 50, 52, 90, advertising, 2–5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 53, 193, 222 72–7, 83–9, 114, 193 beginnings and expansions, 202 agencies, 7, 42 criticisms of, 22–3 brand image, 8, 74 and manga, anime (fiction), 185, and celebrity, 43, 50, 76 191, 193, 222 declining effectiveness, 74, 84 and March 11 Tohoku Earthquake, as a detriment to creative 25–6 expression, 51 and producer (Akimoto Yasushi), 49, outdoor advertising, 19 188 for raw photographs, 199 relations with fans (business and sex, 77 model), 20–2 targeted advertising, 85 as spectacle, phenomenon, 1, 14, television advertising, 74–7, 79 187 vs. content, 72–3 AKB48 General Election, 1, 14, 17 affect, 2, 9–11, 79, 82, 132, 145, 186, AKB48 Theater, 20, 202 206 AKB49: Renai Kinshi Jorei¯ , 191 affective attunement, 25, 82, 187 Akihabara, 20, 50, 198–9, 202 affective charge, 221 Akimoto Yasushi, 23, 25, 49, 188, 193, affective economics, 27, 74, 84–6 202, 204 affective identification, 57, 79–81, 83, 86, 88, 142 Alberoni, Francesco, 188 affective turn, 6 Allied Occupation, 136, 139 and fandom, 20–1, 83 Allison, Anne, 178 Affleck, Ben, 170 All Night Fuji: High School Girl Special, AG Communication, 44, 48, 53 187 agency,8,169 Amachi Mari, 5 of audience, 9, 15, 21 Amuse Inc, 38 consumer agency, 25 anan, 106, 116 of fans, 19, 22 androgyny (ryosei¯ guyu¯), 104–5 of idols, 7, 192, 199 “Aoi Usagi”, 67–8 of virtual idols, 225 Aoyagi Hiroshi, 107, 174, 204 agency system, 7 Appadurai, Arjun, 25, 168–9 Agnes Controversy, 153, 157–8, 160–4 April Snow, 171

229 230 Index

Arashi, 14, 20, 24, 72–3, 97, 105, 109, Bae Yong Joon (Yon-sama), 166–9, 113–16, 124 171–9 and advertising, 86–8 Bandai Namco, 220 dojinshi¯ , 126–7 band boom, 52 fan base, 113 Barazoku, 132, 145 fan club, 23 Barthes, Roland, 60, 64, 205–6, 223 fan frustrations, 23 A Bathing Ape, 53 fan reactions, 82, 101–3 Baudrillard, Jean, 57, 70 homosocial performance, 121–3 Benjamin, Walter, 98 image, 80, 104–5, 117–18 blacklisting, 47–8 intimacy, 8–9 blogs, see social media Arashigoto, 102 Bogart, Humphrey, 213 ni Shiyagare, 115 Boorstin, Daniel J., 6, 58 The Archies, 203, 209, 223 Bordo, Susan, 117 Armstrong, Louis, 213 boy-girls (otoko no ko), 205 artificial public personae, 215 boys’ love (shonen¯ ai), 110, 113, 119, Asada Akira, 15 121, 124–30 bubble economy, 5, 15, 75, 117, 172–3 Asada Miyoko, 155 Burning Production, 38–41, 45, 48, 53 , 140, 156, 162, 168 Burning Publishing, 40–1, 53 Asian idols, 154, 170 Butler, Judith, 128 Asian markets, 12 “Asianness”, 155 Cagney, James, 213 Asian popular culture, 156 CanCam,41 Asian values, 162 CDs, 20–2, 24, 28, 114, 216 Johnny’s fandom, 98 commodity fetishism, 22 audiences, 5, 7, 14–19, 50, 52, 84, 88, royalties on, 43 156, 214–15 sales, 2, 20, 24, 97 audience affect, 79 as vestigial commodities, 3, 219 audience agency, 15–16, 19, 21, 57, CEATEC, 212, 214 84, 87, 107, 174, 225 celeactors, 214 audience ratings, 16, 23, 61, 67, 97, celebrity watchers, 202 111 celetoids, 214 audience reception, 36, 68 Certeau, Michel de, 145 audience studies, 4 chakuero, see non-nude erotica codependency, 14–19 Chan, Agnes, 153–64 female audience, 28, 74, 77–8, 82, Chan, Jackie, 170 113, 116, 119–20, 122 childcare, 159–60, 164 intertextuality, 11–12 chiraizumu, see non-nude erotica male audience, 188 Chow, Yuen Fatt, 170 reproduction as fans, 14, 25, 74, 86, “Circle Game”, 154 88 Clooney, George, 170 star-audience relations, 8–10, 27, 57, close-ups, 78, 196 78–82, 214–15 comedians (owarai geinin), 7, 28 auto-tuning, 212 comfort, comforting (iyashi), 16, 82, Avex Trax, 38–41, 46, 48, 53 172, 177 Awaya Noriko, 161 commercials (CM), 5, 8–9, 14, 41, 46, Ayase Haruka, 78 73–9, 81–92, 193, 222 Azuma Hiroki, 102, 205, 220–1 Condry, Ian, 38, 53 Index 231

Consumer Affairs Agency Durkheim, Émile, 202 (Shohishach¯ o),¯ 23 Dyer,Richard,7,215 Content Paradise, 226 Convention on the Elimination of All earthquake, see March 11 Tohoku Forms of Discrimination against Earthquake Women (CEDAW), 160 Eastwood, Clint, 100 Coolie Promotion, 39 Ebihara Yuri, 41 copyright, 37, 40, 53, 90 Edison’s talking doll, 226 costume cards (ishok¯ ado¯ ), 197 Edison, Thomas, 211 Creamy Mami, the Magic Angel, 203 eFrontier, 216 Cruise, Tom, 170 Eguchi Aimi, 193, 222 Crypton Future Media, 213, 223 Eikyoku, 135 Cut, 115 EMI Music , 38 cute (), 12, 15, 59, 68, 82, 89, emptiness, 18, 64, 98–101, 178 100, 105, 119–20, 124, 126, Endebar Promotion, 39 153–6, 174, 188, 218–19, 221 (Japanese country music), 36, 49, cute men, 105, 119–20, 124 140, 146 cute system, 68, 221 Equal Employment Opportunity Law, cuteyoungidol(seijunha aidoru), 59 159 as infantilizing, 15, 105 Ergül, Hakan, 9 negotiating foreignness, 153–6 “Everyday, Kachusha”,¯ 1, 26, 205 non-ability, 188 Every Little Thing, 41, 53 non-threatening, 218–19 expectancy violation theory, 58 and nostalgia, 12, 192 extra-cinematic identification, 197 and the pornographic, 126, Ezaki Glico, 78, 193, 222 196–7 as reflex/response, 82 as value, 50, 89, 100 Fab Promotion, 39 cyberbeauty, 217 fandom, 4, 19–21, 83, 88, 121–2, Cyzo, 37, 40 124–5, 127, 135, 216 affective sensibilities of, 20 Dacapo, 97 capitalizing on, 21–3, 216 Da Pump, 49 fan clubs, 38 Darling-Wolf, Fabienne, 100, 113, fan knowledge, 81, 87 117–19, 128, 156 fan meeting, 167, 177–8 database consumption, 220–1 fan service, 120–1 Date Kyoko¯ (a.k.a. DK-96), 192, 213, female fandom (attraction to male 223 homoeroticism), 121–3, 127 DAZ 3D, 226 female fandom (“nurturing” idols), De Ferranti, Hugh, 36 83, 124–5, 174–176 Deleuze, Gilles, 185, 202 female fandom (space to explore Delon, Alain, 137 fantasy), 124, 168 Dentsu, 50, 89 homo fandom, 135 Descartes, René, 212 literature on, 4 DiMaggio, Paul, 35 normalization of, 19, 88, 187 dramas, see TV dramas fashion, 2, 53, 118 drugs, see stimulants (kakuseizai) brand fashion, 6, 74, 174 Dubro, Alec, 44 and consumption, 2, 75, 203 Duet, 116, 119 idol fashion, 28 232 Index

Federation of Civilian Broadcasters, gossip, 8, 11, 13, 17, 23, 58, 60–1, see National Association of 76–7, 80–1, 133 Commercial Broadcasters in Japan Got¯ o¯ crime family, 45 (Minporen)¯ gravure (gurabia), 191 Felski, Rita, 156 Gray, Jonathan, 87 feminism, 130, 153, 155, 157, 159, Gregson, Kimberly S., 119 161, 163, 165 Grick, 48 fictional contexts (kyokono¯ Grossberg, Lawrence, 20 kontekusuto), 187 group idols, 5, 21–2, 98, 101–3, 115, fiction game, 190, 193, 203–4 188, 202 see also THE iDOLM@STER Guattari, Félix, 202 FIFA World Cup, 167, 170 GyaO!, 85 Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, 213, 226 Habermas, Jürgen, 142 Fiske, John, 10, 186, 205 Hadaly, 211–12 Ford, Harrison, 180 Haga Yui, 203 (FoR¯ ¯ıbusu), 5, 108 Hakuhodo, 50, 89 The Four Seasons, 179 Hamasaki Ayumi, 53 Freedman, Jane, 156 Hanagasa Wakashu¯, 143 Friedberg, Anne, 197 Hanamaru Café, 129 fujoshi (rotten girl), 125 handshake event, 20 Fuyu no Sonata, see Winter Sonata Harmony Promotion, 39 Hartley, John, 16 Haruna Ai, 28 Gackt, 26 Hatsune Miku, 212–14, 224–5 Galaxy Promotion, 39 Hayashi Mariko, 160 gals (gyaru), 203–4 Hello! Project, 12 Gamson, Joshua, 202 herbivore man (soshokukei¯ danshi), 118 Garland, Judy, 140 Hero, 111 gay icon, 131 Herwitz, Daniel, 98 gay liberation, 131, 144 Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ,37 Geffen, David, 41 high school student boom (joshi kosei¯ gender, 24, 77, 111, 113–15, 135, 143, bumu¯ ), 188, 192 156, 159, 169, 173, 195 “Hijitsuryoku-ha Sengen”, 190 ambiguity, 195, 205 Hijitsuryoku-ha Sengen, 190–1 ideals, 124, 127, see also ryosai¯ kenbo Hikaru Genji, 27, 108 (good wife, wise mother) Hills, Matt, 203 identity, 83, 104, 105 Hilton, Paris, 49 inequality, 141, 159 “Hinageshi no Hana”, 154 play, 143 Hirai Tomohisa, 84 roles or practices, 104, 117, 120, Hirano Aya, 48 124, 128, 176 Hirao Masaaki, 154 , 48 Hitotsu Yane no Shita,59 Glico, see Ezaki Glico HKT48, 202 Go¯ Hiromi, 5, 108 Holden, T.J.M., 9 golden age of idols (aidoru no ogon¯ Hollywood star system, 188, 210 jidai), 5, 68, 192 homosexuality, 110, 120, 122, 129–31, golden time, 6, 18, 23 133, 137, 142, 144 The Gorillaz, 203 homosociality, 113, 117, 120–4, 127 Index 233

Hong Kong, 1, 153–4, 156, 162, 167, Iwabuchi, Koichi,¯ 168, 171 170 Izumo Maro,¯ 143 Horipro, 38–9, 41, 192, 213 Hoshi no Kinka, 59, 69 Jacquet-Droz clavecin player, 212 Hutcheon, Linda, 12 Jameson, Frederic, 99 Japanese Broadcasting Ethics and Ichikawa Kon, 133 Program Improvement Iconiq, 53 Organization (BPO), 67 idol goods, 175, 177, 197, 216 Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, idol ice age (aidoru hyogaki¯ ), 24, 192 Composers and Publishers Idoling!!!, 24 (JASRAC), 37, 40, 43, 53 THE iDOLM@STER, 220, 226 Jenkins, Henry, 27, 84–5, 189 idol system, 5, 8, 17, 75, 187, 189 Jenson, Joli, 19 Iijima Mari, 203 jimusho, see talent agency (jimusho) Ikaten, 52 JKT48, 202 image commodities, 186 Johnny & Associates, 5, 14, 23, 38–9, image song (im¯eji songu), 5 41–2, 49, 75, 97, 103, 108, 113 image video (im¯eji bideo), 195–6, 205 The , 98 imaginary relationships, 215 Johnny’s idols, 80, 97–110 infantilization, 15 the emptiness of, 18, 99–101 information fetishism, 204 image of, 80, 100, 103–6 infotainment, 6, 28, 30, 63, 67, 71 intimacy of, 106–10 intertextuality, 10–12, 73, 76, narrative consumption of, 98, 186 102–4, 107 intimacy, 8–10, 20–1, 25–6, 57, 62, 72, popularity of, 98 74, 77, 79–82, 87, 106, 108, 168, production of, 80, 98, 105, 107–8 175, 178, 186, 189, 195, 197, 202 sexual desire for, 105–6 affective attunement/identification, tanto¯ (person in charge), 80, 109 80–1 Johnny’s Jr, 80, 98, 103, 108 channeling into action, 25–6, 74 jouissance, 90, 204 commodification of, 20–2 J-pop, 64 extended through objects, 197 J-Storm, 42 with husband vs. male idol, 175–7 with images, 186–7, 202 Kaji Yusuke, 74 intimacy of close-up, 77–8, 172, 195 “Kanashii Sake”, 141 knowing true idol, 82, 87; knowing Kanashiki Kuchibue, 139 fictional idol, 189, 194 Kaneko Tsutomu, 157–8 mothering, 81, 168 Kanjani Eight, 101 physical proximity, 178, 202 Kanno Miho, 48 pseudo-intimacy, 108–110; blurring Kaplan, David E., 44 boundary between reality and karaoke, 43, 203 fiction, 178 Karei naru Ichizoku, 111 shared activity, 26, 87 Karniol, Rachel, 119 televisual intimacy, 8–10, 57, 72, KAT-TUN, 101 77–9 Kawabata Yasunari, 133 Ishihara Yujir¯ o,¯ 27 Kawamura Takeo, 61 Itano Tomomi, 185 KayoGurandoSh¯ o¯,27 ItoTerry,61¯ kayokyoku,49 Ivy, Marilyn, 195 K-Dash, 39, 41 234 Index

Kealy, Edward, 210 Maeda Atsuko, 23, 193 keiretsu, 37–42, 46, 48, 52–3 magazines, 8, 10–11, 14–15, 19, 29, Kellner, Douglas, 57 37, 68, 80, 88, 98, 109, 114, 121, Kelly, Grace, 98 185 Kennedy, Jacqueline, 99 homo magazines, 132–3, 138, 143, Kenon, 41, 48 146 Kim, Hyun Mee, 169 idol magazines, 114, 116, 119 Kimura Takuya, 18, 28, 31, 46, 75, manga magazines, 190–1 100, 103, 105–6, 170 men’s magazines, 196 Kim, Young Min, 41 women’s magazines, 114 Kinjiki, 133–5 see also weekly magazines Kinki Kids, 21 (shukanshi¯ ) Kinsella, Sharon, 204 Magibon, 48 Kirshner, Don, 209 mamadoru (mama idols), 59, 164 Kisarazu Cat’s Eye, 109 mama idols, see mamadoru (mama kisekae games, 221 idols) Kitagawa Johnny, 41, 49, 102, 104 Mamiya Hiroshi, 135 Koga¯ Masao, 140 management company, see talent Kohaku¯ Uta Gassen, 5, 97, 139 agency (jimusho) Koizumi Kyoko,¯ 190 management contract, 47 Kondo¯ Masahiko, 27 Manalansan IV, Martin F., 145 Korean idols, 166–71, 177 March 11 Tohoku Earthquake, 1, 25–6, Korean Wave (hanryu¯), 153, 167–8 166 Kosuga Hiroshi, 104 Marie, 49 Koyama Kundo,¯ 26 Marshall, P. David, 91, 157, 164 Koyangi Rumiko, 5 masculinity, 104, 113–20, 124, 126–8, K-pop, 153 134 Kume Hiroshi, 26 hegemonic masculinity, 114, 120, kuromaku (man behind-the-curtain), 128 41 mass control, 37 Kurotokage, 134 master rights, 42–3 Kusanagi Tsuyoshi, 60, 170 The Matrix, 203 Kutsugi Kenichi, 216 Matsuda Seiko, 27–8, 59, 68, 131 Matsumoto Jun, 83 labor relations, 43, 46 Matsumoto Mika, 80, 100, 103, 106, Lacan, Jacques, 27, 194 108 LaMarre, Thomas, 187, 194, 196, Matsu’ura Aya, 12 205–6 media convergence, 84 Langer, John, 60, 77 media mix, 189 Latour, Bruno, 8 megaspectacle, 56–8, 67, 69–70 Lee, Bruce, 170 see also spectacle The Legend, 167, 171, 179 Megazone 23, 203 Letters from Iwo Jima, 100 merchandise, see idol goods Li, Jet, 170 Metropolis, 48 Lukács, Gabriella, 6, 10, 27, 29, 185 Miim (HRP-4C robot), 212, 214 Lynn Minmay (Iijima Mari), 203 Miller, Laura, 105 Minami Saori, 5, 31, 190–1 Mackie, Vera C., 159–60, 163 Mishima Yukio, 132–7, 143, 144–5 MAD movies, 220 Misora Hibari, 44, 132, 137–46 Index 235

Mitchell, Joni, 154 Ninomiya Kazunari, 87, 90, 100, 102, Miyazawa Rie, 59 105, 118, 121–3, 127 mobile phone, 75–6 Nintendo, 72–3, 87 moe, 81, 90 Nippon Columbia, 36 Moeran, Brian, 156 Nishikawa Ayako, 49 The Monkees, 209 NMB48, 202 Monroe, Marilyn, 99 Nogizaka 46, 202 Mori Masako, 157 Noguchi Goro,¯ 5 Morisawa Yu(¯ Ota¯ Takako), 203 non-ability (hijitsuryoku), 190–1, 202 Moritaka Chisato, 190–1 Non-No, 118 Mori¯ Yoshitaka, 140, 168 non-nude erotica, 195 , 6, 17, 21, 187, 192 nostalgia, 12, 124, 139, 156, 162, 169, motherhood, 79–82, 153, 157–9, 173 161–2 nostalgic consumption, 196 motherly gaze, 79–81 nostalgic escape, 156 Mulvey, Laura, 106, 205 nostalgic longing, 171 Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, 179 object relations theory, 204–5 MUSIC JAPAN, 29, 38 Ogura Chikako, 104 music shows, 5, 12, 37, 39, 46, 52, 85 Oguri Shun, 170 , 7, 37, 46, 51–2, 123 Ohayo Nice Day, 161 Okada Jun’ichi, 109 Nagara Production, 39, 46 Okada Toshio, 190 Nagase Tomoya, 109 Okada Yasuhiro, 20–1 Nakai Masahiro, 101 Okajima Shinshi, 20–1 Nakamori Akina, 59, 68 Okamura Takashi, 22–3 Nakamori Akio, 26, 99–100, 187 “O-matsuri Mambo”, 140 Nakata Hidetoshi, 26 Onyanko Club, 49, 187–90, 203 nanshoku (male homosexuality), 133, Orbaugh, Sharalyn, 111 143, 146 organized crime, 44–5, 64 “Nantettatte Aidoru”, 190 music charts, 26, 37, 39–40, 53 narrative consumption (monogatari Oshikiri Moe, 41 shohi¯ ), 189 Oshima¯ Yuko,¯ 193 see also postmodern consumable otaku, 23, 80–1, 88, 99, 110, 186–7, narrativity 199, 201–5, 216–21, 224–5 Naruhodo High School,28 attracted to artificial bodies, 216–17 Nashimoto Masaru, 61, 71 attracted to fiction, 187, 190, 203, National Association of Commercial 218–19 Broadcasters in Japan (Minporen),¯ controlling girls (as idols and data), 45, 85 189, 192–3, 220–1, 224–5 national idols (kokumin-teki aidoru), 1, definition of, 99, 110, 186–7 23, 26, 100, 105 female otaku, 80–81; compared to nationalism, 136–7 male otaku, 216 National Police Agency, 45 and girls (shojo¯ ), 195 NEWS, 101, 108 normalization of, 25, 88, 187, 202 newspapers, 10–11, 13–14, 89, 97 pathologizing of fans, 23 NHK (Nippon Hos¯ oKy¯ okai),¯ 5, 76, perverse movement, 187, 201 139, 142, 167, 179 Otsuka¯ Eiji, 99, 189 Nico Nico Douga, 85 Oyamada Keigo, 50 236 Index

Painter, Andrew A., 9 Production of Culture school, 35 paparazzi, 41, 210 prosumers, 216 paratexts, 87, 91 pseudo-event, 65, 70 parody, 12, 190 pseudo-individuation, 188 participatory culture, 11, 84, 86, 91, pseudo-intimacy, 106, 108, 110 216 psychoanalysis, 104, 194, 205 Pearl, 41 publicity, 8, 11, 18, 26, 193, 222 Perfect Blue, 206 publicity stunt, 193, 222 performative consumption, 203 public sphere, 9, 18, 123, 132–3, 137, perfumed pictures (kaori-tsuki shashin), 142, 144, 159–60, 174 200, 206 publishing rights, 38, 40–3, 53 perversion, 187, 196, 201 pure idol (seijunha), 59 and capitalism, 193–4 movement of perversion, 198 Random Hearts, 180 Peterson, Richard A., 35 raw photographs (nama shashin), 185, photography, see gravure (gurabia) 197, 199 Piaf, Edith, 141 reality TV, 6, 27 , 26–8 Recording Industry Association of Pitt, Brad, 170 Japan (RIAJ), 46 pleasure, 10–11, 20, 79–84, 116–17, Renderosity Marketplace, 226 120, 124–6, 128, 169, 174, 178, Renderotica, 226 187, 189, 193–7, 202–5 “Ringo Oiwake”, 138–9 and affective sensibility of fandom, Rising Production (Vision Factory), 41, 20, 80 44, 49 and agency, 169, 178 Rojek, Chris, 214 of consumption, 15, 189 Roman-ha (Romantic School), 136 female pleasure, 116–17, 124–6, 169 royalties, 43, 47 of knowing “true” idol, 87 ryosai¯ kenbo (good wife, wise mother), of knowledge and intertextuality, 59, 159 10–11, 79, 187, 190, 193 male (visual, object relation) Sabu, 132–3, 135 pleasure, 196–7 Saijo¯ Hideki, 5 of mothering, 79–84 Saito¯ Tamaki, 187, 194, 204 of negotiated/resistant readings, Sakai Masatoshi, 100 125–6 Sakai Noriko, 51, 56–70 and perversion, 187, 194–5 Sakurada Junko, 157 sadistic, 62 Sakuragi Piroko, 118 Schadenfreude,62 Sakurai Sho,¯ 102–3, 109, 116, 127 of unmastered movement/value of salaryman, 114–18, 120, 124, 128, amateurism, 188–9, 202 143 Popolo, 119 San Francisco Peace Treaty, 139 pornography, 126, 128, 130, 196, Sawada Junko, 155 198 Sawajiri Erika, 51 Poser, 216, 221, 224, 226 scandal, 51, 56–70, 105, 120, 122–3, postmodern consumable narrativity, 155–8, 161–3, 192, 197, 205, 225 98, 102 and advertising/agency relations), Presley, Elvis, 203 51, 122–3 press conference, 56, 65–6 Agnes Chan, 155–158, 163–165 Princess Diana, 98–9 and expectancy violation, 59 Index 237

fan reactions to, 61–2, 80, 105 Soz¯ o¯ Gakuen University, 66 and feminism, 161–3 Space Craft, 48 impossibility for virtual idols, 225 spectacle, 1, 12–14, 19, 25, 56, 58, in Japan (specifics), 58 60–1, 65, 75–6, 84, 134–5, 137, as news (issue of crime), 61–3 141 as sadistic, 65 of celebrity, 1, 12–14, 60, 75, see also Sakai Noriko, 56–7, 60–1 self-referentiality and sexuality, 105, 120, 122, 205 and consumerism, 19, 25, 76, 84 as systemic, 57, 67 of masculinity, 134–5 and unexpected consequences, and scandal, 56, 58, 61, 65 67–8, 70 Squaresoft, 213 Scott, Kristin, 180 Stardust Promotion, 41 SDN48, 202 Stern, Daniel, 82 self-referentiality, 12–13, 28, 75 Stevens, Carolyn, 128 “Ser¯ afuku¯ o Nugasanai de”, 188 stimulants (kakuseizai), 60–1, 63–7, 70, Shade, 216 141 Shibugaki-tai, 27 Stockley, Miriam, 226 Shiina Ringo, 50 Strober, Myra H., 158–9, 163 shinjinrui (new humanity), 117 subjectivity, 62, 88, 90, 168 Shiosai, 134 “Sugar, Sugar, ”, 209 ,¯ 53 Suho¯ Ikuo, 38, 41 shojo¯ (girl), 111, 195 Sun Music, 38, 56, 68 shojo¯ manga (comics for girls), 106, Super Dimensional Fortress Macross, 111, 119–21 203 Shokuzai, 56, 66 SutaTanj¯ o!¯ (Birth of a Star!), 5 shonen¯ (boys), 89, 98, 103–6, Symbolic Order, 104 110–111 synthespians, 213–14 Shonen¯ Jump,49 Shonen¯ Magazine, 191 tabloid journalism, 10, 14, 23, 60–1, Shonen¯ Sunday, 200, 206 67 Shonen-tai,¯ 27 Taira Tetsuo, 41, 44 Shukan¯ Post,53 Takahara Eiri, 111 simulacra, 18, 25, 110, 221 Takarazuka Revue, 28, 143, 178, 180 simulacrum, 217 TakasoY¯ uichi,¯ 56, 61 SKE48, 202 talent, 6, 8, 18, 28, 47, 50–1, 100, 188, Skov, Lisa, 156 190, 194, 211 SMAP, 6, 28, 97, 100–1, 105–6, 108 talent agency (jimusho), 7–8, 35–53, SM Entertainment, 41 97 Smith, Nick, 65 Tanabe Agency, 38 social media, 10–11, 74, 82–4, 87 Tani Promotion, 48 blogs, 22–3, 74, 83–4, 86–7, 204 tarento (celebrity performer), 6–7, 10, social networking sites (SNS), 87 14, 49–52, 73–5, 79, 157 see also 2-channel (2-channeru) in advertising, 74–5, 79 Sony Music, 38, 46 defined, 6 , 154, 156 tarento system, 10 soulful bodies, 206 uncontrollable tarento,51 Southern All-Stars, 50 vs. idol, 7 South , 1, 24, 26, 167, 169–71, tax evasion, 41, 44, 48, 53 175 teenage prostitution (enjo kosai¯ ), 203 238 Index television, 3, 5–8, 10, 13–19, 52, 69, TV dramas, 39, 46, 49, 68, 78, 111, 72, 74–9, 84, 88, 154–5, 157 114, 166 captions (tsukkomi terropu), 16–17 Korean TV dramas, 166–70, 174, casting, 5, 41–3, 45–6 176, 179 commercial networks, 16–18, “one-take” style, 51 43–4 seasonal rotations (kuru¯ ), 5 genres,5–7,85 idols on, 9–10, 15–16, 27–8, 72–3, uchi (in-group), 9, 109 82, 85 Ueno Chizuko, 153, 160, 162–3 indigenization of, 5 Ugaya Hiromichi, 55 intertextuality, 10–12 ukiyo-e, 210 intimacy, 9–10, 57, 77–8 UN Decade for Women, 159–60, 163 and management companies, United States (US), 27–8, 45, 75–7, 45–6 85–6, 89, 140 multitasking, 84–5 , 156 picture-in-picture (waipu), 16–17 Up Front Agency, 38–9, 42, 46 postwar history, 9, 27–8 Ura-Harajuku, 53 recorded television, 85 Utaban, 37, 46 reruns, 17–18 , 28 television personalities, 5, 26, 77, 164 V6, 101, 109 see also, commercials (CM); music variety show (baraeti bangumi), 6–7, shows; TV dramas; variety show 10, 28, 114–15 (baraeti bangumi); wide show Vaucanson, Jacques de, 212 (waido sho¯) Video Research Ltd, 97 Thacker, Eugene, 218 Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, Auguste, 211 Three Young Girls (Sannin virtual idol, 24, 192, 209, 211–13, Musume), 5 224–5 TOKIO, 101, 109 mastery (of data and girl), 192–3, Tokuhiro, Yoko, 161 221–2, see also THE Idol Festival, 24 iDOLM@STER Tokyo Metropolitan Police voice, 222–4, see also Hatsune Miku; Department, 45 Vocaloid Tokyo Vice, 45 vs. human idol, 193, 215–19 Tomochin!!, 185 Vocaloid, 212, 222–4, 226 Tomoko Aoyama, 111 voice actor/actress (seiyu¯), 48, 203 Tomorrow’s Eve (L’Ève future), 211 Topcoat, 39 Wada Akiko, 61 transgression, 57, 61, 63–4, 67–8, 70, Wakabayashi Takaichiro,¯ 135 157–64 Warhol, Andy, 98 celebrity transgression, 64, 157, Warui Yume, 135 164 Watanabe Ken, 26 material transgression, 126 Watanabe Production, 38 symbolic transgression, 58 weekly magazines (shukanshi¯ ), 10–11, transmedia storytelling, 189 37, 80 Treat, John Whittier, 15, 111, 194 Weekly Playboy, 24, 49, 193 tsunami, see March 11 Tohoku West, Mark D., 8, 122 Earthquake wide show (waido sho¯), 8, 14, 28 Tsunku, 192–3, 203 Williams, Linda, 196 Index 239 w-inds, 49 Yato¯ Tamotsu, 135 Wink Up, 121 “Yawara”, 139–41, 143 Winnicott, D.W., 81 Yoda, Tomiko, 15 Winter Sonata, 166–7, 169, 171–2, Yokohama Children’s Medical Center, 174–5, 179 166 winter time of idols (aidoru fuyu no Yon-sama, see Bae Yong Joon jidai), 24, 192 (Yon-sama) Wolf, Michael J., 12 Yoon Suk-Ho, 179 women’s movement, 161 , 26 Yoshimoto Kogy¯ o,¯ 38, 41 yakuza, see organized crime Yoshimoto Taka’aki, 104 Yamada Eiji, 44, 48 Yoshinaga Sayuri, 27 Yamada Yu,¯ 41 YouYube, 48, 85 Yamaguchi-gumi, 44 Yuki Terai, 215–16, 221–4, 226 Yamaguchi Momoe, 157 Yuval-Davis, Nina, 156 Yamaha, 212 YuyakeNyanNyan¯ , 187–8 Yamashita Tomohisa, 101 Yano, Christine R., 124, 140, 168 Zero-G, 223 yaoi, 110, 121, 143 Zetima, 42