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Size Classification of Passenger Cars Pre-Study on How to Size Classify Passenger Cars by Inventorying the Existing Classification Models

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Size Classification of Passenger Cars Pre-Study on How to Size Classify Passenger Cars by Inventorying the Existing Classification Models Size classification of passenger cars Pre-study on how to size classify passenger cars by inventorying the existing classification models. Master's Thesis in the Master Degree Programme Civil Engineering LINDA OPLAND Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of GeoEngineerig Road and Traffic Group CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2007 Master's Thesis 2007:43 Master's Thesis 2007:43 Size classification of passenger cars Pre-study on how to size classify passenger cars by inventorying the existing classification models. Linda SE. Opland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2007 Size classification of passenger cars -Pre-study on how to size classify passenger cars by inventorying the existing classification models. LINDA SE. OPLAND Göteborg, 2007 © LINDA SE. OPLAND, 2007. Master's Thesis 2007:43 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone +46 (0)31 – 772 1000 [Cover: Figure 3.7: Car Size Incomparability of VW Golf as timed goes by, thesis page 26.] Printed at Chalmers Reproservice Göteborg, Sweden 2007 2 Acknowledgments The Master Thesis extent is 20 points and was initiated and conducted at Vägverket in Borlänge. I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor at Vägverket, Petter Åsman, who has given me interesting inputs and valuable support, and perhaps most important, guidance in the vast field of automotring. Furthermore I like to thank my tutor Gunnar Lannér at CTH for his support and guidance. Your commitment to the project has been fantastic; without it the results of the study would have been much less usable. Thanks to a super interesting topic for the thesis as well as nice co-workers at Vägverket, for their time and professional guidance throughout the project. The journey of this thesis has been a very pleasant one which certainly will stay in my memory for a long time. I also want to thank my family for always being by my side and believing in me. Finally I like to thank all of you who I have not mentioned that helped and supported me during this time, without you this thesis would not have been possible to accomplish. Göteborg 2007-05-17, Linda Opland 3 Förord Detta examensarbete är ett avslutande projekt i civilingenjörutbildningen Trafik & Samhälle vid Chalmers Tekniska Högskola. Examensarbetets omfattning är 20 högskolepoäng och har utförts på Vägverkets Huvudkontor i Borlänge på uppdrag av Vägverket. Jag vill särskilt tacka min handledare på Vägverket, Petter Åsman, som initierat detta examensarbete, för allt stöd och all den tid han har gett mig under arbetets gång samt min handledare på CTH, Gunnar Lannér, för hans hjälp och engagemang. Ytterligare personer som är värda särskilt omnämnande är personalen på Vägverket sektion Miljö, samt Fordon för deras tid, värdefulla råd och diskussioner. Slutligen vill jag även tacka för ett mycket intressant projekt och alla de personer på Vägverket som har bidragit med värdefull information genom idéer och kontaktuppgifter, samt gjort min tid på Vägverket minnesvärd. Samt för den positiva attityd som ni genomsyrat min tid vid Vägverket. Tack också till min familj för det stöd ni alltid innebär. Tack alla ni som stött och hjälpt mig under denna tid, utan eran hjälp och stöd hade inte denna rapport varit möjlig. Det är så härligt att ni finns! Göteborg 2007-05-17 Linda Opland 4 Size classification of passenger cars - Pre-study on how to size classify passenger cars by inventorying the existing classification models. LINDA SE. OPLAND Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY Increasing competition in today’s markets, resulting in high demands on good comfort for the driver and passengers, good cargo capacity, low environmental influence and low total costs for the car owner. Implying to the importance for a classification system that can define cars in relation to their actual sizes. However, there are not many companies that have a well-defined system that are able to perform an independent assessment of the passenger car sizes. Some of the concepts existing in the systems today are dependent on the desires and wishes from the car manufactures regarding the car models ranking in each system, a ranking that mirrors the cars status and attributes. On this basis, the objective of the report is following: Analyze and validate the mathematical part and verification of the classification systems and models that is presently used. On basis of physical measurement data and efficiency measurements the external size and the actual usable compartment area inside the car are too reflected. The work is limited to study only present existing systems and models that are used by companies and organisations. Furthermore is only petrol cars studied, as they represent the significant larger part of the car fleet. The main focus has been set on the first of the two aspects mentioned above. Known and presently used systems and models which describe how cars are classified has been thoroughly studied and on basis of this, data used in each and respective model. The conclusion from the evaluation shows several distinctive parameters. Final evaluation also sheds light on the existing size classification systems and models from a validation point of view. The evaluation result of the validation shows that many of the models are strongly influenced by the car manufacturer. The report concludes that only a few of the now existing classification systems and methods have the objectivity that is essential for analysing input and output data. The report is written in English. Keywords: Passenger Car, Classification, Car Size, Physical Measured Characteristics, Parameter Evaluation 5 Size classification of passenger cars - Pre-study on how to size classify passenger cars by inventorying the existing classification models. LINDA SE. OPLAND Department of Geotechnical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology SAMMANFATTNING En allt hårdare konkurrens på marknaden medför krav på god förarkomfort, bra lastkapacitet, låg miljöpåvekan samt låga kostnader för bilägaren. Detta innebär att ett system för klassificering av bilar i förhållande till deras storlek får en allt större betydelse. Det är däremot inte många företag som har en väl definierat system för att kunna utöva en oberoende bedömning av storleksklass på personbilar. En del av koncepten som finns i dagens system och modeller är beroende på biltillverkarna önskemål om bilens placering i sådana system där en bekräftelse om bilens status och egenskaper skall speglas. På basis av detta är rapportens syfte: Analys och validering av den matematiska bas samt verifikation av de klassificerings modeller och system som man idag använder sig av. Utifrån fysikaliska mätbara parameter och effektivitetsmått ska den yttre storleken och det verkliga användbara passagerarutrymmet inne i bilen speglas. Avgränsningarna har gjorts till att endast studera system och modeller som redan finns och används av företag och organisationer. Vidare studeras endast fordon som använder bensin som drivmedel, då dessa bilar utgör den signifikant största andelen i bilparken. Arbetets tyngdpunkt har lagts på två punkter. Befintliga system och modeller som beskriver hur bilar klassificeras idag har studerats ingående och utifrån detta analyserades de data som används i respektive modell. Resultatet av genomgången urskiljde flertalet viktiga parametrar. Sist har undersökning av befintliga storlekars klassificeringssystem och -modeller validerats. Resultatet av valideringen har visat att många av modellerna har varit starkt beroende av biltillverkarna önskemål. Slutligen konstateras att endast ett fåtal av idag existerande system och metoder har den objektivitet som krävs för att data skall kunna analyseras. Rapporten är skriven på Engelska. Nyckelord: Storleksklass, Klassificering, Personbil, Fysiskt mätbara egenskaper, Utvärdering av parametrar 6 Table of Content 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................11 1.1 Background.........................................................................................................................11 1.2 Issue....................................................................................................................................12 1.3 Purpose ...............................................................................................................................12 2 Mode of Procedure .....................................................................................................................13 2.1 Method Used – an Overview ...............................................................................................13 2.2 Methodological Approach...................................................................................................13 2.3 Research Strategy................................................................................................................14 2.3.1 Qualitative or Quantitative Approach?.........................................................................14 2.3.2 Inductive or Deductive Method?..................................................................................15 2.4 Practical Procedure .............................................................................................................16 2.4.1 Is it a Benchmark or Multiple
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