DOCSLIB.ORG

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Washington, D.C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Washington, D.C INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES WASHINGTON, D.C. In the arbitration proceeding between THE ROMPETROL GROUP N.V. Claimant and ROMANIA Respondent ICSID Case No. ARB/06/3 ___________________________________________ Award ___________________________________________ Members of the Tribunal: Sir Franklin Berman, KCMG, QC, President Mr. Donald Francis Donovan, Esq. The Honourable Marc Lalonde PC, OC, QC Secretary of the Tribunal: Ms. Aurélia Antonietti Representing the Claimant: Representing the Respondent: Mr. Barton Legum Mr. Michael E. Schneider Ms. Ioana Petculescu Dr. Veijo Heiskanen Dentons, Paris Mr. Matthias Scherer Lalive, Geneva and and Mr. George Burn Dentons, London Dr. Victor Tanasescu Ms. Carina Tanasescu Tanasescu & Asociatii, Bucharest and Dr. Crenguta Leaua Mr. Marius Grigorescu Leaua & Asociatii, Bucharest Date of dispatch to the Parties: 6 May 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................ 5 A1. Request for Arbitration and Notice of Registration ................................ 5 A2. Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal ....................................................... 6 A3. The First Session ..................................................................................... 6 A4. Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility ............................................. 6 A5. Written submissions on the Merits .......................................................... 7 A6. Requests for Production of Documents ................................................... 7 A7. Proposal for disqualification of a counsel by the Respondent ................ 8 A8. The Hearing on the Merits ....................................................................... 8 A9. Post-Hearing submissions and correspondence .................................... 10 B. THE FACTUAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................... 12 B1. Privatisation of Rompetrol S.A. ............................................................ 12 B2. Changes in structure and ownership ...................................................... 13 B3. The Underlying Dispute ........................................................................ 13 C. THE ARGUMENTS OF THE PARTIES ............................................................ 14 C1. Claimant’s arguments ............................................................................ 15 C1.A. The Request for Arbitration .................................................................. 15 C1.B. Memorial on the Merits ......................................................................... 20 C1.C. Claimant’s Reply ................................................................................... 24 C2. Respondent’s arguments ........................................................................ 31 C2.A. Respondent’s Answer to the Request for Arbitration ........................... 31 C2.B. The Respondent’s Counter-Memorial (Statement of Defence) ............. 33 C2.C. The Respondent’s Rejoinder ................................................................. 40 D. THE HEARING ................................................................................................... 44 D1. Opening Statements ............................................................................... 44 D1.A. Claimant ................................................................................................ 44 D1.B. Respondent ............................................................................................ 46 D2. Fact Witnesses ....................................................................................... 48 D2.A. Claimant’s Witnesses ............................................................................ 48 D2.B. Respondent’s Witnesses ........................................................................ 52 D3. Expert Witnesses ................................................................................... 53 D3.1. Legal Experts ......................................................................................... 53 2 D3.1.A. Claimant .................................................................................... 53 D3.1.B. Respondent ................................................................................ 54 D3.2. Damages Experts ................................................................................... 56 D3.2.A. Claimant .................................................................................... 57 D3.2.B. Respondent ................................................................................ 58 D4. Closing Statements ................................................................................ 61 D4.A. Claimant ................................................................................................ 61 D4.B. Respondent ............................................................................................ 63 D4.C. The Tribunal .......................................................................................... 65 E. POST-HEARING SUBMISSIONS ..................................................................... 66 E1. Claimant ................................................................................................ 66 E1.A. Claimant’s First Post-Hearing Brief ...................................................... 66 E1.B. Claimant’s Answer to the Respondent’s Post-Hearing Brief ................ 69 E2. Respondent ............................................................................................ 71 E2.A. Respondent’s First Post-Hearing Brief .................................................. 71 E2.B. Respondent’s Answer to Claimant’s First Post-Hearing Brief ............. 75 F. COSTS SUBMISSIONS ...................................................................................... 76 F1. Claimant’s Costs Submissions .............................................................. 76 F2. Respondent’s Costs Submissions .......................................................... 77 G. THE TRIBUNAL’S FINDINGS .......................................................................... 77 Part I: PREMINARY ISSUES ............................................................................. 77 A. The inadmissibility objection ................................................................ 81 B. Local remedies ...................................................................................... 83 C. The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ......................... 85 D. Local law ............................................................................................... 88 E. Burden and standard of proof ................................................................ 90 F. Damage .................................................................................................. 96 H. THE INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE BIT ........................ 98 Part II.A: THE FACTUAL EVIDENCE ............................................................ 104 (a) The Rompetrol and Petromidia privatisations ..................................... 104 (b) The Libyan receivable ......................................................................... 106 (c) The Talpes report ................................................................................. 108 (d) The instigation of the criminal investigations (the Talpes report) ...... 110 (e) The alleged procedural irregularities in the criminal investigations ... 120 3 (f) The GPO (DIICOT) prosecutors ......................................................... 125 Part II.B: SPECIFIC FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS ........................................... 132 (g) The attachment of RRC shares ............................................................ 132 (h) The arrest and attempted imprisonment of Messrs. Patriciu and Stephenson ........................................................................................... 134 (i) The PNA and GPO press releases ....................................................... 136 (j) The interception of Mr. Patriciu’s and/or RRC’s telephone conversations ....................................................................................... 138 (k) The requests for information from banks ............................................ 141 (l) The tax controls ................................................................................... 143 Summary ............................................................................................................ 145 I. LOSS AND DAMAGE ...................................................................................... 151 J. DIRECT DAMAGE AND MORAL (REPUTATIONAL) DAMAGE ............. 157 K. OTHER RELIEF ................................................................................................ 160 L. COSTS ................................................................................................................ 161 M. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................ 162 4 A. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND A1. Request for Arbitration and Notice of Registration 1. On 20 December 2005, the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID”) received a request for arbitration dated 14 December 2005 (“the Request”) from The Rompetrol Group N.V. (“TRG” or “the Claimant”) against the Republic of Romania (“Romania” or “the Respondent”). 2. TRG was described in the Request as a company
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Economics and Politics of Energy in Central Asia and Caucasus
    ECONOMICS AND POLITICS OF ENERGY IN CENTRAL ASIA AND CAUCASUS Editors Nevzat SIMSEK Hayal Ayca SIMSEK ECONOMICS AND POLITICS OF ENERGY IN CENTRAL ASIA AND CAUCASUS Editors Nevzat Simsek Hayal Ayca Simsek ERI Books No: 3 ISBN 978-601-243-741-6 This edition published by Eurasian Research Institute Almali Avdani, Mametova 48, 050004, Almaty, Kazakhstan Phone: +7 (727) 279 97 94 Fax: +7 (727) 279 24 26 www.eurasian-research.org e-mail: [email protected] © Khoca Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University Eurasian Research Institute (ERI), 2016 (print and electronic) All right reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Distributed by Eurasian Research Institute Almali Avdani, Mametova 48, 050004, Almaty, Kazakhstan Typeset in Turkey by Merkez Repro, Ankara Printed and bound in Kazakhstan by Leader Offset Printing, Almaty 1st Edition: April 2016, Almaty The views expressed in the chapters of this book are the author’s own and do To our Beloved Mums, Words are never enough to thank you for all that you do... CONTENT 6 List of tables 7 List of contributors 9 Foreword 10 Preface 11 PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Theoretical Perspectives in Energy Security NEVZAT SIMSEK AND HAYAL AYCA SIMSEK ...................................... 15 PART II ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ENERGY POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA AND CAUCASUS 2. Central Asian Regional Energy Initiatives: Challenges and Opportunities FARKHOD AMINJONOV ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rompetrol Rafinare – Petromidia Petromidia Site
    The Rompetrol Group Refining Business Unit Looking into the future Refining Business Unit: Looking into the future CONTENTS Refining Business Unit Role Rompetrol Rafinare – Petromidia Petromidia Site Petromidia Refinery: Status Report Current Status & Achievements Reasons for Investments Petromidia Refinery: Investments Background Package Outlooks REFINING BUSINESS UNIT Role WE ARE PART OF SOMETHING SPECIAL Rompetrol Refining is the core business of The Rompetrol Group. We are processing the highest netback crudes or feedstock available and producing We want to be the most valuable products to be sold by other BUs, part of TRG. efficient, effective and innovative refining system in South Central Europe WE FUNCTION AS A COMPLEX MACHINERY Our BU is comprised of three performance units; Petromidia, Vega and Petrochemicals. WE HAVE CONTINUOUSLY GROWN AND IMPROVED OUR PERFORMANCE We have a responsibility We continue to improve our future by investing in the towards the people, local present. communities and environment WE STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE We are building high ethics and principles for our business. REFINING BUSINESS UNIT Rompetrol Rafinare - Petromidia PRODUCTS & CAPACITY 100.000 BPSD (5 million t/year). Based on crude oil & products market conditions and analyses of financial indicator, refinery is operated at 3.8-4.2 mln t/y. Produces: LPG, gasoline, jet, gasoil, fuel oil, coke, sulfur. UNIQUE LOCATION Petromidia is the only Romanian refinery located at the Black Sea shore thus having the advantage of being supplied directly through the oil terminal located in the Port of Midia. Fully integrated in environmental layout, with respect for healthy air, water, soil. REFINING BUSINESS UNIT Rompetrol Rafinare - Petromidia PERFORMANCE It has the highest white products yield in the region (84%) and a Nelson Complexity Index of 8.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly June 2021 Bulletin
    15th of June 2021 15th of May 2021 – 15th of June 2021 BBSPA Monthly Bulletin Oil and Gas Prices Oil Price In May 2021 US WTI spot crude oil price was around $65/bbl. Brent crude closed above the psychological $70-a-barrel mark for two consecutive days for the first time in more than two years with oil demand being considered to increase in the next six months and in line with economies re-opening. Rigzone Gas Prices The gas price at the western gas hub recently increased which was referred to the low levels of available gas in the gas storages. Henry Hub average spot gas price in May was €12.0/Mwh. Spot gas prices in the region in May Desfa reference price was €25.2/Mwh Bulgarian Gas Hub price was €21.9/Mwh Romanian Gas Exchange price was €24.0/Mwh Hungarian Gas Exchange price was €24.9/Mwh CEGH spot gas price was €25.5/Mwh Electricity Price Romania The average electricity price on the Romanian spot market for April was 62 EUR/Mwh, more than two times increase compared with one year earlier, when it was 25 EUR/Mwh. Actmedia Carbon Price According to European Energy Exchanges, the use of contracts for difference (CCFDs) to encourage clean technologies in emission intensive industries would undermine Europe’s bbspetroleum.com page 1 15th of June 2021 carbon market and would lead to short- and long-term market distortions reducing the effectiveness of the price signal as an investment driver. Montel Gas Demand, Supply and Trade Bulgaria Bulgargaz said that has explored all possible alternative routes for delivery of gas to Bulgaria and the only such possibility was at the point of connection of the Greek network in the TAP gas pipeline of Nea Mesemvria, which serves mainly the supply of Azeri gas to Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • ENERGIE-Romania-Ucraina.Pdf
    Common needs, common interests Romanian Ukrainian energy cooperation By Iurii Korolchuk Energy Studies Institute, Ukraine 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Assessment of the past– a view of the past 1.1. Ukraine: the historical perspective 1.2. Romania: the history of an “energetic”coal production 2. Assessment of the current stage – a view of the present 2.1. Kyiv and Bucharest are first of all united by longstanding cooperation on gas issues 2.2. The market of petroleum products - another promising perspective for the energy cooperation between Ukraine and Romania 3. Assessment of possible cooperation – a view of the future 3.1. Ukraine to buy natural gas from Romania – a promising area of cooperation 3.2. Romania to play a part in the supply of gas from Turkey to Ukraine – new opportunity 3.3. Ukrainian underground storage facilities – useful for Romanian interests 3.4. Nuclear power in Romania – making use of Ukrainian experience 3.5. Development of the Black Sea self – cooperation is needed 3.6. Shale gas – first steps and common position 3.7. Construction of Liquefied natural gas terminal (LNG) – a way for closer cooperation 3.8. Caspian gas – Nabucco, South Stream or Trans – Anatolian pipeline interesting for both parties 4. Recommendations 2 Preamble The cooperation between Ukraine and Romania in the energy sector has improved only recently. And while the political relations are still cold, the energy companies have found a common language and successfully started implementing new projects. Both countries went similar ways in establishing internal energy markets- especially concerning gas, oil, coal and electricity industries.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT of the BOARD of DIRECTORS for the Financial Year 2018
    ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS for the financial year 2018 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2018 Company ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. Registered office: 215 Năvodari Blvd., Administrative Pavilion, Năvodari, Constanţa county Nr. Telephone/Facsimile No.: +(40) 241 506100 +(40) 241 506930 Tax Identification Number at the Trade Register Office by the Law Court of Constanţa: 1860712 Registered with the Trade Register under No.: J13/534/1991 The shares of Rompetrol Rafinare S.A. are traded in the Standard Category of the BUCHAREST STOCK EXCHANGE1 Subscribed and paid-in share capital: 4,410,920,572.60 lei The main characteristics of the securities issued by Rompetrol Rafinare S.A.: - Dematerialized nominal common shares, the record of which is held by the Depozitarul Central S.A. Bucharest o Total number of shares: 44,109,205,726 o Nominal value: 0.10 lei o Symbol of shares at the Bucharest Stock Exchange: RRC 1Starting 5th of January 2015 the shares of Rompetrol Rafinare S.A. are traded in the Standard Category of the Bucharest Stock Exchange (Bursa de Valori Bucureşti -“BVB”). Up to this date they have been traded within category II of BVB. Page 1 of 106 ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS for the financial year 2018 C O N T E N T S 1. THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE COMPANY.......................7 2. TANGIBLE ASSETS OF THE COMPANY...................................................56 3. SECURITIES ISSUED BY THE COMPANY................................................61 4. THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY................................................65 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Individual Half-Year Report of Board of Directors for the 1St Half of 2021
    ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. INDIVIDUAL HALF-YEAR REPORT OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE 1ST HALF OF 2021 INDIVIDUAL HALF-YEAR REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. (“RRC”) FIRST SEMESTER OF 2021 (H1 2021) Page 1 of 60 ROMPETROL RAFINARE SA 215 Năvodari Blvd. Administrative Building, 905700, Năvodari, Constanța, ROMANIA fax: + (40) 241 506 930 | phone: + (40) 241 506 207 | email: [email protected] www.rompetrol.com ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. INDIVIDUAL HALF-YEAR REPORT OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE 1ST HALF OF 2021 HALF-YEAR REPORT ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. on the individual financial statements of the Company drafted according to the Order no. 2844/2016 of the Ministry of Public Finance as subsequently amended and supplemented, and according to Law no. 24/2017 on the issuers of finance instruments and market operations and to Annex 14 of Regulation 5/2018 issued by Financial Services Authority (FSA), for the period January 1st – June 30th, 2021 Half-year report according to: Art. 65 of Law no. 24/2017 on issuers of financial instruments and market operations and Annex no. 14 to ASF Regulation no. 5/2018 for the 6-month period that ended on June 30, 2021 (First half - year of financial year 2021) Name of the trade company: ROMPETROL RAFINARE S.A. Registered office: 215 Năvodari Blvd., Pavilion Administrativ, NĂVODARI, Constanţa County Telephone number: 0241/50 61 50 Facsimile number: 0241/50 69 30 Sole registration code with the Trade Register Office: RO1860712 Trade Register number: J13/534/05.02.1991 Subscribed and paid share capital: LEI 4,410,920,572.6 Regulated market on which the securities are traded: Bucharest Stock Exchange Shares market symbol: RRC Page 2 of 60 ROMPETROL RAFINARE SA 215 Năvodari Blvd.
    [Show full text]
  • International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Washington, D.C
    INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES WASHINGTON, D.C. In the arbitration proceeding between THE ROMPETROL GROUP N.V. Claimant and ROMANIA Respondent ICSID Case No. ARB/06/3 ___________________________________________ Award ___________________________________________ Members of the Tribunal: Sir Franklin Berman, KCMG, QC, President Mr. Donald Francis Donovan, Esq. The Honourable Marc Lalonde PC, OC, QC Secretary of the Tribunal: Ms. Aurélia Antonietti Representing the Claimant: Representing the Respondent: Mr. Barton Legum Mr. Michael E. Schneider Ms. Ioana Petculescu Dr. Veijo Heiskanen Dentons, Paris Mr. Matthias Scherer Lalive, Geneva and and Mr. George Burn Dentons, London Dr. Victor Tanasescu Ms. Carina Tanasescu Tanasescu & Asociatii, Bucharest and Dr. Crenguta Leaua Mr. Marius Grigorescu Leaua & Asociatii, Bucharest Date of dispatch to the Parties: 6 May 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................ 5 A1. Request for Arbitration and Notice of Registration ................................ 5 A2. Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal ....................................................... 6 A3. The First Session ..................................................................................... 6 A4. Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility ............................................. 6 A5. Written submissions on the Merits .......................................................... 7 A6. Requests for Production of Documents ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Helium: Fuelling the Future?
    clean energy since 1909 S.N.G.N. ROMGAZ S.A. The company is listed on Bucharest Starting with 2013, Romgaz extended its scope Stock Exchange and GDRs are transacted of work by taking over the Iernut thermoelectric power station, and thus it became also electric on London Stock Exchange. power supplier. Romgaz undertakes geological exploration in order to discover new gas reserves, produces Romgaz is the largest natural gas methane by exploiting the reservoirs included in producer and the main supplier in the company portfolio, stores natural gas in the Romania. underground deposits, interventions, workover and special operations on wells and technological transport. www.romgaz.ro COMMENT Lavinia Iancu identifies and prioritises renewable hydrogen, produced by electrolysis, using electric energy from wind and photovoltaic sources, as being the most compatible option with the EU objectives regarding climate neutrality. In order to become one of the beneficiary Hydrogen states, Romania will have to start, as soon as possible, the development of a hydrogen strategy at national level for 2050, which would mainly focus on the following aspects: Strategy in Renewable hydrogen, produced by water hydrolysis, using electric energy from wind and photovoltaic sources, is the method of obtaining hydrogen in line with the EU Romania objectives regarding climate neutrality; Developing an investment agenda for renewable hydrogen. Romania may attract a considerable part of the necessary investments by 2030 at EU level (between EUR 24 and 42 billion s part of the European Green Romania for electrolysis systems and between EUR Deal, the European Commission may attract a 220 and 340 billion for energy production presented a strategy for energy considerable capacities that would ensure their supply A system integration.
    [Show full text]
  • Jsc Nc "Kazmunaygas" Annual Report 2016
    JSC NC "KAZMUNAYGAS" ANNUAL REPORT 2016 1 CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND GOALS ...................................................................................................................... 7 TARGET VALUES OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ...................................................................................................... 8 GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND GUARANTEES ........................................................................................................... 8 QUICK INFO ON KAZAKHSTAN'S OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY AND KMG'S CURRENT POSITION ................................................ 8 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Key financial indicators........................................................................................................................................ 13 Key production indicators .................................................................................................................................. 14 EXPLORATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 RESERVES .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • KMG International Economic Impact Assessment
    PREPARED BY THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES KMG International Economic Impact Assessment Executive Summary 4 About KMGI 8 Contribution to Energy Security 14 Economic Impact 22 Support to Communities 28 Appendices 33 Executive Summary 6 KMG INTERNATIONAL - ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT NC “KazMunayGas” JSC (KMG) is the the Strategy acknowledges a high dependency of EU’s refining industry of Russian crude oil, as well national operator for exploration, as increased challenges of the EU refining sector to production, refining and transportation remain competitive, a fact which is evidenced by the of hydrocarbons in Kazakhstan, with reduction in refining capacity and foreign investment. operations in Europe and Central Asia. Competitiveness and sustainability of the refining industry and reducing dependency of crude suppliers by diversification of crude sources become of outmost importance to ensure secured and sustainable supply, KMG entered the Romanian market in 2007, through as well as affordable market prices for fuel products. the acquisition of Rompetrol Group N.V, later renamed into KMG International N.V. In Romania, the oil & gas industry has known an explosive growth between 1960 and 1980, when As of December 2015, KMG International (KMGI) five major refineries were built. These resulted in a comprises 55 entities, headquartered in 16 countries processing capacity which exceeded the national (i.e. Romania, The Netherlands, Kazakhstan, consumption and production of crude oil. As such, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova, Georgia, the industry was heavily dependent on the import of Turkey, Ukraine, France, Spain, Singapore, Libya, Iraq, crude, from OPEC members and Russia, and on the Oman, Gibraltar). export of refined products on external markets, which KMGI’s activities include trading of crude oil, oil were however dominated by integrated international refining, retail and marketing of oil products in players.
    [Show full text]
  • Bringing Oil to the Market: Transport Tariffs and Underlying
    Bringing Oil to the Market Bringing Oil to the Market Transport Tariffs and Underlying Methodologies for Bringing Oil Cross-Border Crude Oil and Products Pipelines : Transport Tariffs and : TransportUnderlying Tariffs Methodologies forCross-Border Crude Oil andProducts Pipelines Pipelines play a significant role in the international crude oil and oil product logistics. to the Market They allow exploiting remote oil fields and are a much cheaper and more convenient means of oil and oil product transportation than railways. Pipelines are especially relevant for territories with no or limited access to the sea. Thanks to the construction of pipelines, the last two decades have seen the emergence of new suppliers on the world oil market. For the latter, secure and economical transit through third countries in order to access world markets is of critical importance. The key problems for pipeline transportation are the tariffs and the rules of access. In countries were oil transportation by pipeline has traditionally played a greater role, crude oil and oil products pipelines are often considered to be natural monopolies. Those countries often establish rules and tariffs for non-discriminatory access to Transport Tariffs and services. Tariffs are normally regulated and only in exceptional cases are negotiated. This study focuses on crude oil and oil products pipeline systems in Eastern and South Eastern Europe, the Caspian region and Central Asia. It considers: Underlying Methodologies - essential technical and economic elements, which influence costs of oil and oil products pipeline transportation; for Cross-Border Crude Oil - the methodology for calculating oil pipeline tariffs and the actual tariff rates; - where relevant, rules for access to existing and new cross-border oil pipeline systems; and Products Pipelines - treatment of pipeline transit against the background of the multilateral rules on transit established by the Energy Charter Treaty.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Sea Energy Survey
    prepa Blacksea 30/05/00 17:50 Page 1 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY BLACK SEA ENERGY SURVEY IN CO-OPERATION WITH THE ENERGY CHARTER SECRETARIAT 2027en.fm Page 1 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 10:30 AM © OECD, 2000. © Software: 1987-1996, Acrobat is a trademark of ADOBE. All rights reserved. OECD grants you the right to use one copy of this Program for your personal use only. Unauthorised reproduction, lending, hiring, transmission or distribution of any data or software is prohibited. You must treat the Program and associated materials and any elements thereof like any other copyrighted material. All requests should be made to: Head of Publications Division Public Affairs and Communication Directorate 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY BLACK SEA ENERGY SURVEY IN CO-OPERATION WITH THE ENERGY CHARTER SECRETARIAT INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR ENERGY AGENCY ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION 9, rue de la Fédération, AND DEVELOPMENT 75739 Paris, cedex 15, France The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in autonomous body which was established in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into November 1974 within the framework of the force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development (OECD) to implement an international shall promote policies designed: energy programme. • To achieve the highest sustainable economic It carries out a comprehensive programme of growth and employment and a rising standard of energy co-operation among twenty-four* of the living in Member countries, while maintaining OECD’s twenty-nine Member countries.
    [Show full text]