______Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020______580 ISSN 1306-3022 () CAPTURED WITH LIGHT TRAPS FROM ARAS VALLEY – IĞDIR BASIN FROM EASTERN TURKEY

Celalettin Gözüaçık*, Neslihan Gültekin*, Ersin Aykut* and Levent Gültekin**

* Iğdır University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 76000, Iğdır, TURKEY. E-mail: [email protected] ** Biodiversity Application & Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, TURKEY. E-mail: [email protected]

[Gözüaçık, C., Gültekin, N., Aykut, E. & Gültekin, L. 2020. Weevils (Curculionidae) captured with light traps from Aras Valley – Iğdır Basin from Eastern Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 15 (2): 580-583]

ABSTRACT: The Anatolian diversity investigation is enlarged using light traps at Aras Valley in the most eastern part of Turkey. Totally six weevil species as Acentrus histrio (Schoenherr, 1837), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813), Hypolixus astrachanicus (Faust,1883), Metadonus anceps (Boheman, 1842), Sitona callosus Gyllenhal, 1834 and Ulobaris loricata (Boheman, 1836) were captured with light trap. Distribution, host plants and determined behavior of species are reviewed.

KEY WORDS: Curculionidae, light trap, Aras Valley, Turkey

The as well as the weevils “Curculionoidea” are one of the most diverse group in Animalia (Oberprieler et al., 2007) and contribute to the biodiversity. Light trap sampling is commonly used in biodiversity and population dynamics investigations (Sheikh et al., 2016). There are many insect species which are nocturnal and cannot be collected by the conventional methods. Light trapping is most common and regular sampling technique for nocturnal insects (Szentkiralyi, 2002). Light is one of the major factors that affect insects in various ways such as photoperiodism. For instance, different color UV (such as white, blue, red) have been used to attract insect either to kill them or to divert their attention away from infesting plant and controlling pest species (Cowan & Gries, 2009; Kehinde et al., 2019). In this research we used light trap for the first time in territory Aras Valley - Iğdır basin is the corner of most eastern part of Turkey where four countries border meet: Turkey, Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan), Armenia, Iran. The basin is important place for the aspect of biogeography and biodiversity. Aras Valley is a biodiversity corridor between Anatolia, Transcaucasia towards Middle Asia. Furthermore, Ağrı Mountain which is the highest mountain in the country. The sandy desert is unique lowland surrounding of Ağrı Mountain and connected Aras River basin. This paper presents first preliminary result on weevil species captured with light trap. Despite of the list short, two determined species are agricultural pest.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Field collecting trips have been conducted at Aras Valley - Iğdır basin in 2019 summer using light traps with fluorescent UV light 100 W lamb were established

______Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020______ISSN 1306-3022 581 to determine nocturnal diversity. Specimens were mounted on paper cards with a water solvable glue for identification.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Acentrus histrio (Schoenherr, 1837) Material examined: Turkey: Iğdır Prov., Iğdır University Campus, 24.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, light trap. Distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Spain, Russia (South European territory), Ukraine, Morocco, Israel, Turkey (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017). Remarks: This species develops in the roots and stalk base of Glaucium flavum Crantz. and G. corniculatum (L.) Rudolph (Hustache, 1930; Hoffmann, 1958; Košťál, 2014) and Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. & Huet (Güçlü & Özbek, 2007). This weevil is diurnal and collected on Glaucium grandiflorum in eastern Turkey at day time. The single specimen was captured by light trap in this research.

Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) Material examined: Turkey: Iğdır Prov., Iğdır University Campus, 24.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 5♂♂, 4♀♀, light trap. Distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Macedonia, Moldovia, Montenegro, The Netherland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Madeira, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Chine, South Korea, Syria, Japan, Nearctic Region (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017), India (Talwar, 2015). Remarks: Alfalfa weevil is an important pest of concern in alfalfa Medicago sativa L. Both adults and larvae feed on this plant, but the larvae cause the majority of the damage to terminals, foliage, and new crown shoots through several continents, many countries and study region (Radcliffe & Flanders, 1998; Talwar, 2015; Pellissier et al., 2017; Gözüaçık & İreç, 2019). The adults of H. postica is diurnal and collected many by sweeping nets former or ongoing studies in the territory. With this current research, 9 adults were captured by light trap established at campus of Iğdır University. According to a laboratory investigation by Poinar and Gyrisco (1964) adults of H. postica were sensitive to light, starved ones much more. This reaction of the weevils to light might be used to develop further research modified to develop light trap for mass trapping to control this pest.

Hypolixus astrachanicus (Faust, 1883) Material examined: Turkey: Iğdır Prov., Aralık, TIGEM Agricultural Research Station, 22.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 9♂♂, 6♀♀, light trap; Iğdır University Campus, 24.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, light trap. Distribution: Russia (South European territory), Egypt, Afghanistan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Afrotropical (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017). Remarks: Hypolixus astrachanicus associated with Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall., Salsola tragus L. and S. dendroides Pall. in the desertified, usually overgrazed saline habitats at Aras Valley-Iğdır basin and these plants may be considered bioindicators of degraded saline habitats (Korotyaev et al., 2016). The weevil is active daytime based on our several collecting observations territory. This is the first observational data on species which strongly inclined to reach by flying to white curtain in front of light. Totally 16 specimens were collected by light trap in two different locations.

______Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020______582 ISSN 1306-3022 Metadonus anceps (Boheman, 1842) Material examined: Iğdır Prov., Iğdır University Campus, 09.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, light trap; 24.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 1♀, light trap; 27.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, light trap. Distribution: Russia, Moldavia, Romania, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017). Remarks: According to Korotyaev et al. (2016), this species alate, with ectophytic larvae, widely spread in Eurasia and feeding on many Chenopodiaceae, and Camphorosma lessingii Litv. is a host plant at Aras Valley. There is not available published data for M. anceps about night activity and inclination to light. This behavior is the first finding for the species.

Sitona callosus Gyllenhal, 1834 Material examined: Turkey: Iğdır Prov., Iğdır University Campus, 09.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, light trap; Tuzluca, Gaziler, 06.06.2019, C. Gözüaçık, E. Aykut, N. Gültekin leg. 11♂♂, 9♀♀, light trap; Station of Eastern Anatolia Research Institute, 03.07.2019, E. Aykut, C. Gözüaçık, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, light trap. Distribution: Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Moldovia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Armenia, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Chine, Pakistan, Syria (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017). Remarks: The species of Sitona feed on a range of annual and perennial legume (Fabaceae) species and some of them are serious agricultural pests in various countries (Scherf, 1964; Velázquez de Castro, 2004; Velázquez de Castro et al., 2007). Sitona callosus is an important insect pest on many leguminous plants at considerable number of countries (Lodos, 1971; Dieckmann, 1980; Kıvan, 1995; Sanaei et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2017; Toshova et al., 2009). Onobrychis viciifolia L. is larval and pupal development host (Scherf, 1964), Medicago and Ononis tridentata L. are also host plants, larvae feed ectophagously at the roots (Dieckmann (1980; Cmoluch & Łetowskį 1987). Several sticky types of traps with combined synthetic aggregation pheromone were used to control Sitona pest (Toshova et al., 2009) but there is not available information about light trapping. In this research, 22 samples were collected in three different locations. This result show that adults have regular insisting inclination to reach light. This finding can be stimulate to develop most suitable light trap for mass trapping investigations to control this weevil.

Ulobaris loricata (Boheman, 1836) Material examined: Turkey: Iğdır Prov., Station of Eastern Anatolia Research Institute, 03.07.2019, E. Aykut, C. Gözüaçık, N. Gültekin leg. 1♂, 1♀, light trap. Distribution: Bulgaria, Romania, Russia (South European territory), China, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017), Turkey (Korotyaev et al., 2016). Remarks: The presence of this species from Turkey (Aras Valley-Iğdır basin) was determined by Korotyaev et al. (2016) indicating host plant as Salsola. The weevil Ulobaris loricate was indicated as an important sugar beet pest in Iran; Chenopodium album L. and Amaranthus sp. were also host plants (Salavation & Kheiri, 1964). There is not available published data for this species about night activity and inclination to light. This behavior is the first finding for the species.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was partly supported by Iğdır University Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi (BAP) both 2018-FBE-A14 and 2019-FBE-A14 projects.

______Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 15, No. 2, June 2020______ISSN 1306-3022 583 LITERATURE CITED

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