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MOBILE HOME on the RANGE: MANUFACTURING RUIN and RESPECT in an AMERICAN ZONE of ABANDONMENT by ALLISON BETH FORMANACK B.A., Univ

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MOBILE HOME on the RANGE: MANUFACTURING RUIN and RESPECT in an AMERICAN ZONE of ABANDONMENT by ALLISON BETH FORMANACK B.A., Univ MOBILE HOME ON THE RANGE: MANUFACTURING RUIN AND RESPECT IN AN AMERICAN ZONE OF ABANDONMENT by ALLISON BETH FORMANACK B.A., University of Nebraska Lincoln, 2009 M.A., University of Colorado Boulder, 2011 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology 2018 ii This thesis entitled: Mobile Home on the Range: Manufacturing Ruin and Respect in an American Zone of Abandonment written by Allison Beth Formanack has been approved for the Department of Anthropology Carla Jones Donna Goldstein Jeff Maskovsky J. Terrence McCabe L. Kaifa Roland Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB protocol # 13-0242 iii Formanack, Allison Beth (Ph.D., Anthropology) Mobile Home on the Range: Manufacturing Ruin and Respect in an American Zone of Abandonment Dissertation directed by Associate Professor Carla M. Jones How does the symbolic transference of material ruination onto mobile-homeowners produce impermanence, social precarity, and financial risk? Achieving the “American dream” of upward class mobility, self-actualization, and respect through hard work is, for most Americans, materialized through homeownership. As markers of social status however, not all homes are created equal. Advertised as the American dream “on a budget,” manufactured homes—also referred to as mobile homes or trailers—represent an economical alternative to conventional homeownership, and as such meet a critical demand for affordable family housing in the United States. However, as occupants of nontraditional housing, mobile-homeowners are denied the legal and financial benefits of homeownership due to widespread cultural disdain for “trailer trash.” Situated in post-recession Lincoln, Nebraska, a “recession winner” with the highest reported rates of resident happiness and wellbeing in the United States, this dissertation explores the everyday reproduction of housing precarity for urban mobile home community (MHC) residents threatened with displacement due to redevelopment and revitalization. Drawing on 28 months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in five MHC neighborhoods, my research illustrates how housing form mediates social expectations for ruination and respectability. By considering the complexity of housing—as shelter, the symbolic realm of the domestic, or as a financial vehicle for upward mobility—this project analyzes the social costs of abjection and contested belonging in aesthetics, finances, and stigma mitigation techniques for an estimated six to eight million mobile-homeowners living in 40,000 MHCs nationwide. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation represents a decade of post-graduate research and training, including 28 months (2011-16) of ethnographic, archival, and mixed-methods fieldwork in Lincoln, Nebraska, and received generous support from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the National Science Foundation, the University of Colorado Beverly Sears Graduate Student Grant, Center to Advance Research and Training in the Social Sciences (CARTSS) Award, and the Department of Anthropology Goldstein-Altman Grant for Research in Cultural Anthropology and Graduate Student Research Awards, as well as smaller travel grants and scholarships. While I am listed as its author, this work would not have been possible without the invaluable guidance, insight, and support of my friends, colleagues, and participants in Nebraska and Colorado. It is with enormous gratitude and humility that I am able to recognize many of them here. It has been an honor and a privilege to develop this project with my graduate advisor, Dr. Carla Jones. Without her mentorship this project would not exist, nor would I have been able to successfully navigate the perplexing maze of academia to complete my Master’s and Doctoral degrees. For each milestone, Carla continued to support and challenge me: to write the grants I felt were out-of-reach, to publish articles and present in a variety of settings, and to fight past the temporary setbacks the occurred along the way. I want to also thank my dissertation committee, whose support and insight immensely benefitted this research. As an instructor and dissertation committee member, Dr. Donna Goldstein has for years pressed me to widen my perspective, to connect thoughts and observations in order to discover deeper social meaning and significance in my ethnography. As the sole Americanist on my committee, I am grateful to Dr. Jeff Maskovsky for helping me locate my project within the broad expanse of urban American anthropologies, including those studies which, like mine, address the complexities of “home” in both theoretical v and methodological framings. Similarly, I am indebted to Dr. L. Kaifa Roland for encouraging me to develop a more grounded approach to research design and analysis in both coursework and published writings. I cannot overstate how much I appreciate her for keeping me focused on finishing my degree on my terms and on my timeline. Like Kaifa, Dr. J. Terrence McCabe served on both my Master’s and Dissertation committees. For years, I have been inspired by Terry’s keen attention to methodological rigor in data collection and research design, especially in collaborative and community-based projects. Finally, I would like to thank the incomparable faculty and staff at the University of Colorado Boulder Department of Anthropology, especially Drs. Alison Cool, Herbert Covert, Kathryn Goldfarb, Dennis McGilvray, Paul Shankman, and Jen Shannon, and Alison Davidson, Valerie McBride, Lesa Morris, and Diana Wilson. In addition to my committee, I have been fortunate to receive feedback on this work from a number of colleagues and friends. Richard Bender, Bailey Duhé, Dr. Willi Lempert, and Dr. Dani Merriman read, revised, and commented on several chapters, as well as publications and papers based on this research. I presented a paper based on Chapter Four at the 2018 Boulder Summer Conference on Consumer Financial Decision-Making, and am grateful to my discussant Dr. Tess Wilkinson-Ryan, and co-panelist Dr. Adam Leive, as well as conference organizers Drs. John Lynch and Donnie Lichtenstein for their comments and generous support. Arielle Milkman and Kathryn Goldfarb, organizers of the 2017-18 CU Ethnography in Progress series, invited me to share an early draft of Chapter Five in April 2017, where I received thoughtful feedback from the workshop participants, in particular my discussant Drew Zachary, and participants Alison Cool, Bailey Duhé, Donna Goldstein, Carla Jones, Willi Lempert, Dennis McGilvray, Dani Merriman, and Kaifa Roland. Since 2012, I have been fortunate to present on my dissertation research at the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and the vi American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA), and wish to recognize my fabulous co-organizers, discussants, and panelists: Drs. Anne Allison, Darren Byler, Zaire Dinzey-Flores, Miranda Hallett, Hayden Kantor, Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga, Hege Höyer Leivestad, Andrea Muehlebach, Elizabeth Phelps, Amanda Robinson, Jennifer Shaw, and Kalfani N. Ture; and Jeff Albanese, Tarey K. Milton, James Rodriguez, and Mariana Zaragoza. Last, I am enormously grateful to the anthropologists and housing policy professionals who have helped me design, analyze, and present data from this research, including Drs. Anna Jefferson and Noelle Stout. In 2011, I began a term of service for Americorps VISTA at Lincoln Public Schools Federal Programs, work that would ultimately inspire and form the basis of this dissertation. My thanks to TJ McDowell and Dr. Josh Cramer for involving me in truly inspirational projects with first-generation and low- to moderate-income youth and families, namely the High School Graduation Initiative and Lincoln Promise Neighborhoods Initiative. It was Barb Baier, Lincoln Board of Education for District 3, who first suggested that the Promise Neighborhoods project should focus on area mobile home communities, and I thank her for that inspired decision. I am also grateful to my VISTA colleagues Jacob, Susie, Crystal, Lisa, Toni, and Catia as well as current and former LPS Federal Programs and Lincoln Northeast HS staff, especially Shanna Letcher and Irene Prince. Since VISTA, my Lincoln network has continued to grow alongside my research. Dr. Lori Siebel, Marcia White, and Jodi Loos of the Community Health Endowment of Lincoln (CEH) have provided endless support of my work, including inviting me to present initial findings to area partners and advocates in 2016-17. Lincoln Department of Urban Development staff including Kurt Elder, Brandon Garrett, Wynn Hjermstad, and David Landis, as well as City Councilmembers Carl Eskridge and Jane Raybould, former Nebraska State Legislator Ken Haar, and Historic Preservationist Ed Zimmer each lent invaluable insight vii to this project, and I am grateful for their time and patience as I slowly learned the ins-and-outs of tax-increment financing, urban planning and governance. The personal support of my close friends and loved ones has been of equal importance as the academic and professional assistance I have received. Our own “cohort” of sorts, I thank both Willi and Dani for the countless grant, paper, and chapter drafts read, revised, and ranted about. Too, I benefitted
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