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Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Geographia GEOGRAPHIA 2/2015 STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI GEOGRAPHIA 2/2015 EDITORIAL BOARD OF STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI GEOGRAPHIA EDITORIAL OFFICE: Clinicilor no. 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Phone +40 264 591807, [email protected]; http://www.studia.ubbcluj.ro/serii/geographia/index_en.html EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Professor Dănuţ PETREA, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, România EXECUTIVE EDITORS: Senior Lecturer Raularian RUSU, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, E-mail: [email protected] Lecturer Ștefan BILAȘCO, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, E-mail: [email protected] Senior Lecturer Titus MAN, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD: Professor Dan BĂLTEANU, Romanian Academy Member, PhD, University of Bucharest, Romania Professor Alexandru UNGUREANU, Romanian Academy Member, PhD, „Al. I. Cuza” University, Iaşi, Romania Professor Jozsef BENEDEK, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Professor Nicolae CIANGĂ, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Professor Pompei COCEAN, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Professor Ionel HAIDU, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Professor Ioan Aurel IRIMUŞ, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Professor Gavril PANDI, PhD, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Professor Valerio AGNESI, PhD, Palermo University, Italy Professor Doriano CASTALDINI, PhD, Modena University, Italy Professor Walter LEIMGRUBER, PhD, Université de Fribourg, Suisse Professor János MIKA, PhD, The National Meteorological Institute, Budapest, Hungary Professor Jean-Claude THOURET, PhD, Univ. Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France Professor Marina TODOROVIČ, PhD, Beograd University, Serbia Professor Dragoş ŞIMANDAN, PhD, Brock University, Ontario, Canada Professor Christoph WAACK, PhD, Regional Geography Institute, Leipzig, Germany Professor Jan WENDT, PhD, Gdansk University, Poland Professor Zoltán NAGY, PhD, University of Miskolc, Hungary Professor Ioan IANOŞ, PhD, Bucharest University, Romania Professor Ionel MUNTELE, PhD, „Al. I. Cuza” University, Iaşi, Romania Professor Constantin Viorel RUSU, PhD, „Al. I. Cuza” University, Iaşi, Romania Professor Alexandru ILIEŞ, PhD, University of Oradea, Romania Professor Rodica PETREA, PhD, University of Oradea, Romania Professor Petre GÂŞTESCU, PhD, Hyperion University, Bucureşti, Romania Professor Nicolae POPA, PhD, West University, Timişoara, Romania Professor Petru URDEA, PhD, West University, Timişoara, Romania Professor Maria RĂDOANE, PhD, „Ştefan cel Mare” University, Suceava, Romania YEAR Volume 60 (LX) 2015 MONTH SEPTEMBER ISSUE 2 S T U D I A UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI GEOGRAPHIA 2 STUDIA UBB EDITORIAL OFFICE: B.P. Hasdeu no. 51, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Phone + 40 264 405352 CUPRINS – CONTENT – SOMMAIRE – INHALT ROXANA VĂIDEAN, D. PETREA, GH. HOGNOGI, Debris Flow Activity Reconstruction Using Dendrogeomorphological Methods. Study Case (Piule Iorgovanu Mountains)........ 5 ELENA CHIRILĂ-ACATRINEI, Interactions between Human Settlements and Geo- morphology in Huși Depression, NE Romania ............................................................................ 17 N. NIMARĂ, G. B. TOFAN, The Impact of Mining Activities on the West of Petroşani Depression and Identification of Affected Geomorphological Resources. Case Study: Aninoasa-Vulcan-Lupeni Sector ........................................................................................ 27 I. HAIDU, KINGA IVAN, Rainwater Management Aiming to Improve the Quality of Urban Surface Runoff ........................................................................................................................ 35 B. C. DAS, Vertical Asymmetry of River Channel Cross-Sections: a Study on a Moribund Deltaic Channel ............................................................................................................... 45 GR. P. POP, A. NIŢĂ, The Szeklers and Hungarians from Romania .......................................... 53 BOGLÁRKA CZELLECZ, Z. PÁL, D. PETREA, Á. SZÁSZ, L. PALCSU, Co2-Driven Cold Water Geysering Well in Transylvania – Băile Chirui .............................................................. 69 MARIA IOANA VLAD-ȘANDRU, C. IAŢU, A Geospatial Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental Drivers and Vector-Borne Diseases .............................................. 81 D.-R. TODOR, V. SURD, History and Tourist Valorization of the Ruschița Marble Quarry (Caraș-Severin County, Romania) ................................................................................ 97 D. BURTINI, Female Emigration. From Rural Romania to the Adriatic Coast: Women on Their Journey between Opportunity and Social Vulnerability. “The Italian Syndrome” ............................................................................................................................................ 123 OANA LUPOIU, Aspects of Population Evolution in the Metropolitan Area of Brașov During the Post-Communist Period 1992-2011.................................................................. 139 R. RUSU, T. MAN, C. MOLDOVAN, Marginal Areas of the Romanian Banat ...................... 153 SIMONA MĂLĂESCU, Distance as Key Factor in Modelling Students’ Recruitment by Universities ........................................................................................................................................... 163 SILVIA IRIMIEA, ADRIANA ŞERBAN, Quality Assurance Courses in VET (Vocational Education and Training) for Tourism Organised by the Centre for Tourism Training .................................................................................................................................................. 171 ROZALIA BENEDEK, V. BENEDEK, Wesselényi Domain of Jibou, a Model of Multisecular Arrangement ....................................................................................................................................... 185 STUDIA UBB GEOGRAPHIA, LX, 2, 2015, pp. 5-15 (RECOMMENDED CITATION) DEBRIS FLOW ACTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION USING DENDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL METHODS. STUDY CASE (PIULE IORGOVANU MOUNTAINS) ROXANA VĂIDEAN1, D. PETREA¹, GH. HOGNOGI¹ ABSTRACT. – Debris Flow Activity Reconstruction Using Dendrogeomorphological Methods. Study Case (Piule Iorgovanu Mountains). Debris flows are one of the most destructive mass-movements that manifest in the mountainous regions around the world. As they usually occur on the steep slopes of the mountain streams where human settlements are scarce, they are hardly monitored. But when they do interact with built- up areas or transportation corridors they cause enormous damages and even casualties. The rise of human pressure in the hazardous regions has led to an increase in the severity of the negative consequences related to debris flows. Consequently, a complete database for hazard assessment of the areas which show evidence of debris flow activity is needed. Because of the lack of archival records knowledge about their frequency remains poor. One of the most precise methods used in the reconstruction of past debris flow activity are dendrogeomorphological methods. Using growth anomalies of the affected trees, a valuable event chronology can be obtained. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to reconstruct debris flow activity on a small catchment located on the northern slope of Piule Iorgovanu Mountains. The trees growing near the channel of transport and on the debris fan, exhibit different types of disturbances. A number of 98 increment cores, 19 cross-sections and 1 semi-transversal cross-section was used. Based on the growth anomalies identified in the samples there were reconstructed a number of 19 events spanning a period of almost a century. Keywords: debris flow, dendrogeomorphology, growth anomalies, Piule Iorgovanu Mts. 1. INTRODUCTION Debris flows are one of the most destructive mass movements occurring in the mountainous regions of the earth. As being described by Takahashi (2007), debris flows are massive sediment transport phenomena that manifest themselves in the channel of mountain streams, consisting of a large variety of solid material. The manifestation of these phenomena is related to the morphometric characteristics of the terrain, the 1 Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ROXANA VA IDEAN, D. PETREA, GH. HOGNOGI amount of loose rock and the water input. Under a favourable combination of these variables there are created excellent conditions for debris flow initiation. Unlike some hydrological phenomena such as flash floods which occur regularly in the mountain streams, debris flows are more difficult to predict (Armanini, 2005). After repeated debris flow occurrences the material deposited leads to the formation of a debris flow cone (Costa and Jarett, 1981, Takahashi, 1991, Hungr, 1995). The debris materials, formed mainly by rocks and boulders of all sizes, affect the riparian vegetation along the channel and on the cone surface causing them different types of disturbances. The impact of debris flows on trees depends on the flow velocity and on the composition of the flowing mixture. The higher the velocity, the stronger the impact is and the bigger the size of the transported materials, the higher the number of the disturbances on the riparian trees. Any mechanical injury causes morphological changes in the cell structure
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