Gilbert & Sullivan
Gilbert & Sullivan W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan were an unlikely pair. While both yearned to be something else - Gilbert a "serious" playwright and Sullivan a "serious" composer - they collaborated between 1871 and 1896 on fourteen comic operas that, from small beginnings, won them fame, fortune and a place in posterity assured surely beyond their wildest dreams. Gilbert was an impatient, acerbic, crotchety man with a gift for writing that expressed itself first in humorous illustrated poems - The Bab Ballads - and then in stories, plays and comic operas. Sullivan, six years younger, was born into a musical family, studied at the Royal Academy of Music and Leipzig, after which, with some success, he took up composing. Both men cut their comic opera teeth with other collaborators: in the late 1860s, Gilbert wrote six short family-friendly comic operas or "entertainments" for Thomas Reed. Sullivan's first foray into the realm was Cox and Box (1866), written with librettist F. C. Burnard for an informal gathering of friends. Then, in 1871, producer John Hollingshead brought Gilbert and Sullivan together to produce a Christmas entertainment, Thespis, at his Gaiety Theatre, a large West End house. The piece was an extravaganza in which the classical Greek gods, grown elderly, are temporarily replaced by a troupe of 19th-century actors and actresses, one of whom is the eponymous Thespis, the Greek father of the drama. Its mixture of political satire and grand opera parody mimicked Offenbach's Orpheus In The Underworld and La Belle Helene, which (in translation) then dominated the English musical stage.
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