DOCSLIB.ORG

A Cyberfeminist Analysis Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Cyberfeminist Analysis Of COMMUNITY-BASED DIGITAL LITERACIES: A CYBERFEMINIST ANALYSIS OF LITERACY PRACTICES IN BIRTH WITHOUT FEAR By LORI BETH DE HERTOGH A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of English DECEMBER 2015 © Copyright by LORI BETH DE HERTOGH, 2015 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by LORI BETH DE HERTOGH, 2015 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of LORI BETH DE HERTOGH find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ______________________________ Kristin Arola, Ph.D., Chair ______________________________ William Francis Condon, Ph.D. ______________________________ Wendy Michelle Olson, Ph.D. ii COMMUNITY-BASED DIGITAL LITERACIES: A CYBERFEMINIST ANALYSIS OF LITERACY PRACTICES IN BIRTH WITHOUT FEAR Abstract by Lori Beth De Hertogh, Ph.D. Washington State University December 2015 Chair: Kristin Arola This dissertation develops the concept of community-based digital literacies, a term that refers to the rhetorical, civic, and technological knowledge and literacy practices communities sponsor and employ for civic action. This concept builds off of, yet departs from, other literacy scholars’ work in that it pays special attention to the relationship between online communities and the digital literacies they sponsor and employ for civic action. As this project illustrates, literacy studies, feminist theory, and medical rhetorics lack scholarship that examines how and why communities sponsor and employ digital literacies and how this process can empower groups and individuals. Community-based digital literacies addresses this gap and offers a new lens for analyzing this complex relationship. Highlighting these connections helps illustrate how and why communities sponsor digital literacies that can change social and technological systems, thereby empowering individuals and their communities. To demonstrate this process, I argue that the online natural birthing community, Birth Without Fear, sponsors and employs community-based digital literacies to engage in cyberfeminist activism that empowers women within technical and medical systems and to rewrite rhetorics regarding women’s experiences with pregnancy and childbirth. I draw on iii literacy, feminist, and medical rhetorical theories and methodologies to investigate the diverse ways in which Birth Without Fear sponsors and employs community-based digital literacies for cyberfeminist activism. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that Birth Without Fear’s sponsorship of community- based digital literacies helps women engage in cyberfeminist activism that increases women’s health literacy and helps them create rhetorical agency within healthcare systems. Understanding this process is important as medical systems physically and discursively construct and mediate women’s bodies. It is therefore essential that women have access to and sponsor literacy practices that allow them to critically analyze, resist, and reform medical and cultural infrastructures that shape women’s experiences with pregnancy and childbirth. iv Table of Contents Page Abstract.....................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures...........................................................................................................................vi Dedication...............................................................................................................................viii Introduction................................................................................................................................1 Chapter One: Empowering Women as Users of Technical Systems........................................10 Chapter Two: Reclaiming Women's Health Literacy...............................................................35 Chapter Three: Reinscribing a New Normal............................................................................59 Chapter Four: Reconstructing Childbirth.................................................................................83 Chapter Five: Afterward & Implications................................................................................110 References..............................................................................................................................124 v List of Figures 1. Figure 1; Diagram of Community-Based Digital Literacies.................................................18 2. Figure 2; About a Week Ago................................................................................................25 3. Figure 3; At the Park.............................................................................................................31 4. Figure 4; Does Facebook allow............................................................................................32 5. Figure 5; Healing Hospital VBAC Picture...........................................................................41 6. Figure 6; That Moment.........................................................................................................45 7. Figure 7; Chemo while pregnant..........................................................................................49 8. Figure 8; i loved your birth story..........................................................................................50 9. Figure 9; Coffee Saved My VBAC......................................................................................51 10. Figure 10; VBAC: What ACOG Really Says....................................................................54 11. Figure 11; The point of this article.....................................................................................54 12. Figure 12; Maternal Death and the United States..............................................................56 13. Figure 13; This was a very healing birth............................................................................69 14. Figure 14; I am strong because I labored...........................................................................70 15. Figure 15; Cesarean Birth Trauma.....................................................................................71 16. Figure 16; Almost twelve hours.........................................................................................72 17. Figure 17; A License to Rape.............................................................................................75 18. Figure 18; I labored with pit...............................................................................................76 19. Figure 19; You seem to lurk...............................................................................................78 20. Figure 20; Birth is not a competition..................................................................................79 21. Figure 21; Obstetrical manikins..........................................................................................87 22. Figure 22; I am dilated........................................................................................................93 vi 23. Figure 23; Natural Breech Birth.........................................................................................94 24. Figure 24; What an amazing young woman.......................................................................97 25. Figure 25; This mama used Hypnobabies........................................................................100 26. Figure 26; Wow!..............................................................................................................102 27. Figure 27; I am NOT happy.............................................................................................104 28. Figure 28; An Intense Home Birth...................................................................................105 29. Figure 29; Personal Photo, Post-Hurricane Katrina.........................................................110 30. Figure 30; My Breech Twin.............................................................................................112 31. Figure 31; Double-Entry Notes........................................................................................117 vii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my husband, Charles Radcliffe, and to my family, for their love and support. viii Introduction I argue in this project that the online natural birthing community, Birth Without Fear, sponsors and employs community-based digital literacies to engage in cyberfeminist activism that empowers women within technical and medical systems and to rewrite rhetorics regarding women’s experiences with pregnancy and childbirth. This project, therefore, is situated within and contributes to conversations about literacy, feminism, and medical rhetorics and is created for scholars, teachers, healthcare professionals, and birth advocates. The primary community this dissertation centers on is Birth Without Fear, a multi- faceted online community devoted to exploring diverse birthing options—from at-home, non- medicated births to planned Cesarean sections. I describe Birth Without Fear (BWF) as a “natural” birthing community as it promotes the idea that pregnancy and labor are part of natural female processes and experiences. The community’s founder, January Harshe, explains that it began “as a simple passion to let women know they have choices
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cultural Competence in Childbirth in Multicultural Ecuador: Lessons for Evaluation
    Cultural Competence in Childbirth in Multicultural Ecuador: Lessons for Evaluation by Cinthia Josette Arévalo Gross B.A. in Economics and Finance, June 2008, Universidad San Francisco de Quito Master’s in Development Economics, March 2011, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO-Ecuador) Master of Public Policy, May 2013, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 21, 2017 Dissertation directed by Kathryn Newcomer Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration . The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Cinthia Josette Arévalo Gross has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of March 24, 2017. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Cultural Competence in Childbirth in Multicultural Ecuador: Lessons for Evaluation Cinthia Josette Arévalo Gross Dissertation Research Committee: Kathryn Newcomer, Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration, Dissertation Director Fernando Ortega, Professor of Public Health, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Committee Member Karen E. Kirkhart, Professor, School of Social Work, David B. Falk College, Syracuse University, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2017 by Cinthia Josette Arévalo Gross All rights reserved iii Dedication I wish to dedicate this dissertation to the Shuar women who shared their knowledge about their childbirth traditions with me while I was pregnant with my daughter, Emma. Also, in gratitude to my family, in particular to Juan Carlos, Gina and Susana. Thank you for all your patience, love and support.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstetric Violence Or Disrespect and Abuse in Childbirth Occurrence Worldwide: a Literature Review
    Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020, 10, 1544-1562 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojog ISSN Online: 2160-8806 ISSN Print: 2160-8792 “At Least Your Baby Is Healthy” Obstetric Violence or Disrespect and Abuse in Childbirth Occurrence Worldwide: A Literature Review Violette Perrotte1, Arun Chaudhary1, Annekathryn Goodman2* 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yawkey, Boston, Massachusetts, USA How to cite this paper: Perrotte, V., Abstract Chaudhary, A. and Goodman, A. (2020) “At Least Your Baby Is Healthy” Obstetric Obstetric violence or disrespect and abuse in childbirth is a worldwide phe- Violence or Disrespect and Abuse in nomenon that takes on various forms, from absence of informed consent to Childbirth Occurrence Worldwide: A Lite- rature Review. Open Journal of Obstetrics physical harm. The objective of this review is to assess prevalence and root and Gynecology, 10, 1544-1562. causes of obstetric violence in different countries, and potential solutions to https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2020.10110139 address disrespect and abuse in childbirth. The review finds that obstetric vi- olence is rooted in a patriarchal understanding of gender stereotypes and is Received: October 4, 2020 Accepted: November 13, 2020 exacerbated by power dynamics between health professionals and patients, Published: November 16, 2020 especially for minorities. Obstetric violence has a long-lasting impact on women’s lives and can jeopardize subsequent decisions to access healthcare Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. services. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Keywords License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Obstetric Violence, Disrespect and Abuse, Childbirth, Women Open Access 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Pregnant! National Brochure with Information and Advice from Midwives, General Practitioners and Obstetricians
    Pregnant! National brochure with information and advice from midwives, general practitioners and obstetricians October 2017 1 © October 2017 Dutch Society for Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG), Royal Dutch Organisation of Midwives (KNOV), Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG), Erfocentrum, Dutch Child & Hospital Foundation (K&Z), College Perinatale Zorg (Perinatal Care Board) and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). This brochure contains general information for pregnant women and their partners. The information herein was collected by the following organisations: the Dutch Society for Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG), the Royal Dutch Organisation of Midwives (KNOV), the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG), the Erfocentrum, the Dutch Child & Hospital Foundation (K&Z), College Perinatale Zorg (Perinatal Care Board) and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Consultants involved in the ‘Pregnant’ brochure working group: the Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), the Netherlands Nutrition Centre, Centre of Expertise Maternity Care, and the Dutch Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (VSOP). Anyone may copy this brochure without permission, provided that it is copied in full, is unabridged, and that the source is acknowledged. The above organisations are not legally liable for any shortcomings in this brochure. They have, however, devoted great care and attention to its contents. The brochure is updated annually. Contents 1 The first visit to the
    [Show full text]
  • Perception of Puerperas on the Vertical Position in Childbirth
    1 DOI 10.18471/rbe.v32.27499 Original article PERCEPTION OF PUERPERAS ON THE VERTICAL POSITION IN CHILDBIRTH PERCEPÇÃO DE PUÉRPERAS SOBRE A POSIÇÃO VERTICAL NO PARTO PERCEPCIÓN DE PUERPERAS ACERCA DE LA POSICIÓN VERTICAL EN EL PARTO Joelma Lacerda de Sousa1 Iolanda Pereira da Silva2 Lucimar Ramos Ribeiro Gonçalves3 Inez Sampaio Nery4 Ivanilda Sepúlveda Gomes5 Larissa Ferreira Cavalcante Sousa2 How to cite this article: Sousa JL, Silva IP, Gonçalves LRR, Nery IS, Gomes IS, Sousa LFC. Perception of puérperas on the vertical position in childbirth. Rev baiana enferm. 2018;32:e27499. Objective: to describe the perception of puerperae about the vertical position adopted in labor and delivery. Method: this is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach developed in 2014 in a reference maternity hospital in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Participants were eight puerperal women with a normal vertical birth. Data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results: four categories emerged: women’s knowledge in terms of vertical positions; perception of the obstetric nurse’s presence in the parturition process as an incentive to vertical positions; memories of the experience of childbirth in other positions; and perceptions of puerperal mothers on birth in the upright position. Conclusions: the puerperae positively evaluated the vertical position of their choice and related it to the greater autonomy of women in childbirth, less professional intervention, faster descent of the fetus, reduction of labor time, decrease of pain and greater comfort. Descriptors: Labor Stage, Second. Positioning of the Patient. Obstetric Nursing. Objetivo: descrever a percepção de puérperas acerca da posição vertical adotada no trabalho de parto e parto.
    [Show full text]
  • Is There an Impact of Feet Position on Squatting Birth Position?
    Desseauve et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2019) 19:251 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2408-2 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Is there an impact of feet position on squatting birth position? An innovative biomechanical pilot study David Desseauve1,2,3,4* , Laetitia Fradet2, Patrick Lacouture2 and Fabrice Pierre1 Abstract Background: The squatting birth position is widely used for “natural” birth or in countries where childbirth occurs in non-medical facilities. Squatting birth positions, like others, are roughly defined so a biomechanical assessment is required with the availability of noninvasive technology in pregnant women. In practice, we can observe spontaneously two kinds of squatting birth position: on tiptoes and with feet flat. Objective: To compare the impact of foot posture on biomechanical parameters considered essential in obstetrical biomechanics during a squatting birth position: on tiptoes versus with feet flat on the floor. Study design: Thirteen pregnant women beyond 32 weeks of gestational age who were not in labor were assessed during squatting birth position firstly spontaneously and secondly with the foot posture that was not taken spontaneously (on the tiptoes vs with feet flat). For each position, ANGle of flexion on the spine of the plane of the pelvis external conjugate (ANGec), hip flexion and abduction, and lumbar curve were assessed using an optoelectronic motion capture system and a biomechanical model adapted from the conventional gait model as well as a measuring system of the lumbar curve. Results: Spontaneously, 11 out of 13 women squatted on tiptoe at the first test. On tiptoes the hip flexion was lower than with feet flat (p < 0.02), whereas hip abduction was not significantly different (p = 0.28).
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Hellp Syndrome in the South African
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UWC Theses and Dissertations UNDERSTANDING HELLP SYNDROME IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT: A FEMINIST STUDY by MICHELLE ANDIPATIN Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY In the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE Supervisor Professor Tamara Shefer Co-Supervisor Professor Kelvin Mwaba NOVEMBER 2012 ABSTRACT This thesis is about HELLP Syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count in pregnancy): a devastating maternal hypertensive complication that results in multi-system changes that can rapidly deteriorate into organ failure and death. Despite rapid advancesin medical technology and medical science this disease continues to take the lives of women and their infants. The only effective intervention for this disorder is immediate termination irrespective of the gestational stage of the pregnancy. The primary objective of this thesis was to explore the subjective experiences and meaning- making processes of women in and through their high-risk pregnancies. This objective crystallised into the following aims: to facilitate and listen to the voices of women who were HELLP Syndrome survivors; to explore the reported bodily, psychological and emotional experiences of HELLP Syndrome survivors; to understand the role medical intervention and biomedical discourses play in these women’s experiences and finally to explore the subjective experiences of HELLP Syndrome in the context of traditionallyheld notions of motherhood. The study was couched in a feminist poststructuralist epistemology. A material-discursive framework which comprised phenomenological and poststructuralist theorising was usedin an attempt to understand both the lived experiences as well as the discursively constructed nature of those subjective experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Maternal Health in Timor-Leste: Representations and Practices During Pregnancy, Birth and the Postnatal Period
    Maternal Health in Timor-Leste: Representations and Practices during Pregnancy, Birth and the Postnatal Period H. B. Manuel; N. Ramos Vol 9–10 (2016–2017) | ISSN 2161-6590 (online) DOI 10.5195/hcs.2017.231 | http://hcs.pitt.edu New articles in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License. This journal is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program, and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. Abstract Culture has a strong influence on the representations and health behaviour of individuals and groups. This is reflected in the reproductive health of the Timorese women, intervention in this field being of a priority nature in Timor-Leste in view of its high fertility and maternal mortality rates. The purpose of this ethnographic study is to analyse beliefs, representations and practices associated with pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. It was conducted in Timor-Leste and involved the participation of health professionals, traditional midwives, women and couples, all of them selected through a snowball chain sampling procedure. Data was collected by means of exploratory semi-structured interviews and observation, and its content was duly analysed. The results show the existence of various recommendations, taboos and restrictions which aim at protecting the health of both mother and child, making use of traditional care practices which may vary among ethnolinguistic groups, communities or families. Keywords: Behaviour; culture; development; maternal health; Timor-Leste Health, Culture and Society Vol 9–10 (2016–2017) | ISSN 2161-6590 (online) | DOI 10.5195/hcs.2017.231 | http://hcs.pitt.edu Maternal Health in Timor-Leste: Representations and Practices during Pregnancy, Birth and the Postnatal Period H.
    [Show full text]
  • Pregnant Information and Advice from Midwives, General Practitioners and Obstetricians
    Pregnant Information and advice from midwives, general practitioners and obstetricians October 2020 Pregnant! Content 1 The first visit to the midwife or obstetrician 5 2 Check-ups during pregnancy 7 3 Health during pregnancy 8 4 The blood test 19 5 Testing for congenital conditions 22 6 Preparing for the birth and maternity care 23 7 Childbirth 25 8 After childbirth 27 9 Privacy 30 10 More information 33 Page 2 of 35 Pregnant! ©October 2020 NVOG, KNOV, NHG, Erfocentrum, K&Z, CPZ and RIVM. This document contains general information for pregnant women and their partners. The information herein was collected by the following organisations: the Dutch Society for Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG), the Royal Dutch Organisation of Midwives (KNOV), the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG), the Erfocentrum, the Dutch Child & Hospital Foundation (K&Z), College Perinatale Zorg (Perinatal Care Board) and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Consultants involved in the ‘Pregnant’ brochure working group: Lareb (Pharmacovigilance Centre), the Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP), the Netherlands Nutrition Centre, Centre of Expertise Maternity Care, and the Dutch Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (VSOP). Anyone may copy this brochure without permission, provided that it is copied in full, is unabridged, and that the source is acknowledged. The above organisations are not legally liable for any shortcomings in this brochure. They have, however, devoted great care and attention to its contents. The brochure is updated annually. Page 3 of 35 Pregnant! Pregnant! Being pregnant is very special. You will probably have many questions about your pregnancy and the various check-ups you will be invited to attend.
    [Show full text]
  • Birthing Positions and Their Utilization by Midwives in Tertiary Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria
    IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 9, Issue 1 Ser. XIV. (Jan - Feb. 2020), PP 28-36 www.iosrjournals.org Birthing Positions and Their Utilization by Midwives in Tertiary Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria Odoemene, Martha .I.1, Sowunmi, Christiana .O.2, Owopetu, Christiana .A.3 Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria Corresponding Author: Sowunmi C. O. Abstract Background:Different birthing positions categorized as upright and supine have been utilized during birthing processes. Contemporary midwives mainly use supine positions despite the more effective delivery outcomes associated with upright positions. This may be attributed to inadequate knowledge of midwives on different birthing positions. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of birthing positions among midwives in tertiary hospitals in Ogun state. Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive design was used in the study. Quantitative data were obtained with a structured questionnaire among 119 midwives; all working in the obstetric departments of three tertiary institutions in Ogun State. Data were thereafter processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Three research questions and three hypotheses were raised in the study. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Three research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages and three hypotheses were answered using chi square at 0.05 level of significance. Results: Findings revealed that, midwives have work experience of 5 - 10 years and (46%) of them have average knowledge of birthing positions because they identified 5-6 positions.
    [Show full text]
  • How Do Midwives Facilitate Women to Give Birth During Physiological Second Stage of Labour? a Systematic Review
    How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A systematic review Healy, M., Nyman, V., Spence, D., Otten, R. H. J., & Verhoeven, C. (2020). How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A systematic review. PLoS One, 15(7), [e0226502]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226502 Published in: PLoS One Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:28. Sep. 2021 PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A systematic review 1 2,3 1 4 Maria HealyID *, Viola Nyman , Dale Spence , Rene H.
    [Show full text]
  • Perception of Women Toward Childbirth Positions Among Women On
    Perception of women toward childbirth positions among women on postnatal unit at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma town, South West Ethiopia: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study Bikila Jiregna Mettu University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1625-7567 Tigist Demeke Jimma University Enatfenta Sewmehone Jimma University Gugsa Nemera ( [email protected] ) Jimma University Research Article Keywords: Perception, Birthing position, Woman Jimma, Medical center Posted Date: December 10th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-121139/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/23 Abstract Background: The women have been giving birth at health facilities without considering their preference of birth positions. Accordingly, they routinely positioned at lithotomy position as standard medical practices during normal vertex vaginal childbirths, which results in negative maternal and neonatal outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to understand women’s perception of birth positions. Objective: To explore perception of women toward child birthing positions among women on postnatal unit at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma town, Ethiopia 2020. Methods and Materials: A descriptive phenomenological approach was employed among women from postnatal and maternity care providers were selected purposively. The audio was transcribed, translated, coded, and categorized to respective identied themes. Then, thematized by Archive for Technology, Lifeworld and Everyday Language.text interpretation (ATLAS.ti version 8) software for thematic analysis in triangulation with the quantitative ndings. Results: The women and health care providers were responded on factors affecting the use of alternative birth positions in the health facility. The women were positioned at common supine positions due to women’s lack of awareness about birth positions, women’s passivity to respect their decision-making on their position of preference, and health care professionals’ knowledge and skill gaps on alternative childbirth positions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shackling of Incarcerated Pregnant Women: a Human Rights Violation Committed Regularly in the United States
    THE SHACKLING OF INCARCERATED PREGNANT WOMEN: A HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION COMMITTED REGULARLY IN THE UNITED STATES An Alternative Report to the Fourth Periodic Report of the United States of America Submitted Pursuant to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Submitted by: International Human Rights Clinic CLAIM ACLU University of Chicago Law School 70 E. Lake Street National Prison Project 1111 East 60th St Suite 1120 915 15th St., NW Chicago, IL 60637 Chicago, IL 60601 Washington, DC 20005 August 2013 USHRN Joint Submission 229 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Editors: Brian Citro, Clinic Fellow, University of Chicago Law School Jamil Dakwar, Director, ACLU's Human Rights Program Amy Fettig, Senior Staff Counsel, ACLU’s National Prison Project Sital Kalantry, Clinical Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School Gail Smith, Senior Policy Consultant and Founder, CLAIM Principal Report Authors: Evan Feinauer, J.D. Candidate, 2015, University of Chicago Law School Aaron Lee, J.D. Candidate, 2014, University of Chicago Law School Jullia Park, J.D. Candidate, 2014, University of Chicago Law School Tessa Walker, J.D., 2013, University of Chicago Law School Chicago Legal Advocacy for Incarcerated Mothers Chicago Legal Advocacy for Incarcerated Mothers provides legal and educational services to maintain the bonds between imprisoned mothers and their children. CLAIM advocates for policies and programs that benefit families of imprisoned mothers and reduce incarceration of women and girls. ACLU National Prison Project The National Prison Project of the ACLU Foundation (NPP) was established in 1972 to protect and promote the civil and constitutional rights of prisoners. Since its founding, the Project has challenged unconstitutional conditions of confinement and over-incarceration at the local, state and federal level through public education, advocacy and successful litigation.
    [Show full text]