Eski̇şehi̇r Alpu Coal-Fired Power Plant Health Impact Assessment Report
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ESKİŞEHİR ALPU COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT Right to Clean Air Platform About Right to Clean Air Platform: Right to Clean Air Platform consists of 16 professional organizations and NGOs working on air pollution and health impacts in Turkey since 2015. The aim of the Platform is to advocate for the right to live in an environment with clean air and to protect the public health from air pollution, especially resulting from the existing and the planned coal-fired power plants in Turkey. Platform Constituents are: • Association of Public Health Professionals (HASUDER) • CAN Europe • General Practitioner Association of Turkey • Greenpeace Mediterranean • Green Peace Law Association • Green Thought Association • Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) • Physicians for Environment Association • TEMA Foundation (The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats) • Turkish Medical Association (TTB) • Turkish Neurological Society • Turkish Respiratory Society (TÜSAD) • Turkish Society of Occupational Health Specialists (İMUD) • Yuva Association • WWF Turkey • 350.org Date: August 2020 Submission Design : Erkan Güner Prepared by : Buket Atlı Yiğit Tekşen Main writer: : Prof. Dr. Nilay Etiler (Turkish Medical Association) Co-writers: : Ayşe Yıkıcı (City Planner) Onur Akgül (Greenpeace Mediterranean) We would like to thank to the following people due to their valuable contributions to the report; Hidayet Açar (Tepebaşı Municipality), Lauri Myllyvirta (CREA- Energy and Clean Air Research Center), Levent Özbunar (TMMOB Chamber of Agricultural Engineers Eskişehir Branch, Eskişehir Metropolitan © Zhao Gang/Greenpeace Municipality City Council), Hasan Sofuoğlu (Tepebaşı Municipality) and Sinem Yanar Şaylan (Eskişehir Metropolitan Municipality) This report is printed on recycled paper. Table Of Contents ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................................4 FOREWORD.............................................................................................................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................6 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................11 1.1. Description of health impact assessment....................................................11 1.2. Project introduction..........................................................................................13 1.3. Location of the project.....................................................................................14 2. METHODOLOGY................................................................................................19 2.1. Screening...............................................................................................................21 2.2. Scoping................................................................................................................26 2.3. Evaluation...........................................................................................................29 2.4. Data and Data Sources...............................................................................33 2.5. Analysis................................................................................................................33 3. COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS.....................................................................35 3.1. What is Coal-Fired Power Plants?...............................................................35 3.2. State of Coal-Fired Power Plantss in the World....................................35 3.3. Coal-Fired Power Plants in Turkey............................................................39 3.4. Risks of Coal-Fired Power Plant in Terms of their Impacts on Ecosyste......42 3.5. Case Study..........................................................................................................43 3.6. Eects of a Coal-Fired Power Plant on the Life, Resources and of Cities in the Climate Crisis Perio Planning.......................................45 4. IMPACTS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS ON COMMUNITY HEALTH......47 4.1. Health Problems Caused by Fosil Fuels..........................................................47 4.2. COVID-19 and Air Pollution...................................................................................52 4.3. Particles Causing Health Problems When Burning Coal........................54 4.3.1. Particulate Matter (PM)........................................................................................54 4.3.2. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)..............................................................................................55 4.3.3. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx).......................................................................................55 4.3.4. Heavy Metals............................................................................................................56 4.3.5. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)...........................................................57 4.3.6. Ashes............................................................................................................57 4.4. Health-Related Consequences of Coal Mining...........................................58 4.5. Climate Change and Health.................................................................................59 5. IMPACT ANALYSIS...........................................................................................61 5.1. Characteristics of The Region and The Population...............................61 5.1.1. General Features of the Region...............................................................61 5.1.2. Physical-Ecological Structure....................................................................61 5.1.2.1. Topographic..................................................................................................62 5.1.2.2. Geological.....................................................................................................62 5.1.2.3. Climate...........................................................................................................62 5.1.2.4. Meteorological............................................................................................63 5.1.2.5. Wind Direction............................................................................................64 © Lu Guang/Greenpeace 5.1.2.6. Hydrological................................................................................................................65 5.1.2.7. Flora................................................................................................................................66 5.1.2.8. Fauna..............................................................................................................................67 5.1.2.9. Terrain Characteristics............................................................................................68 5.1.3. Characteristics of the Population to be Aected..............................................68 5.1.3.1. Immigration................................................................................................................106 5.1.3.2. Fertility Level.............................................................................................................106 5.1.4. Socioeconomic Status...............................................................................................107 5.1.4.1. Economy......................................................................................................................107 5.1.5 Economic Activity Areas of the Working Population/Working Life.........110 5.1.6. Agricultural Production…………………………….....................................................…… 11 0 5.1.7. Health Profile in the Region.......................................................................................112 5.1.8. Sensitive Population Groups....................................................................................114 5.1.9. The Current State of the Environment..................................................................115 5.1.9.1. Functions of the Project Area According to the Current Situation.........115 5.1.9.2. Air Quality in Eskişehir.............................................................................................116 5.2. Evaluation of The Health Impacts of The Project...............................................121 5.2.1. Environmental Health Problems to be Caused by the Project.....................121 5.2.1.1. Air Emissions...............................................................................................................123 5.2.1.2. Premature Deaths....................................................................................................126 5.2.1.3. Impacts on Pregnancy and Reproduction.................................................... 12 7 5.2.2. Health Costs Due to Air Pollution Generated by the Power Plant .........128 5.2.2.1. Liquid and Solid Wastes........................................................................................129 5.2.2.2. Noise............................................................................................................................129 5.2.3. Health Impacts Caused by the Exposure of Agricultural Lands.................131 5.2.4. Eects of the Power Plant on Occupational Health............................................. 5.2.5. Impacts on Employment and Income................................................................138