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10. Cultural Heritage

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10. Cultural Heritage Beauly-Dounreay Chapter 10: Cultural Heritage 275kV Overhead Transmission Line: Second Circuit Environmental Statement 10. Cultural Heritage 10.1. Introduction 10.1.1 This report considers the likely effects on cultural heritage interest of the proposed works associated with the Beauly to Dounreay 275kV overhead transmission line. 10.1.2 The study has been undertaken by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA). 10.1.3 The objectives of the archaeology and cultural heritage study were to: • identify the cultural heritage baseline along and in the vicinity of the existing overhead transmission line, proposed access routes and other construction locations, and existing 11kV and 33kV wood pole lines where they cross the 275kV line and would be undergrounded; • assess the potential development areas in terms of their archaeological and historic environment potential; • consider the effects of the construction and operation of the proposed development features on the baseline cultural heritage resource; • identify measures, where appropriate, to mitigate any predicted adverse effects. 10.1.4 Those sites relevant to this proposed development are archaeological features, Listed Buildings, Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs), and Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes. There are no World Heritage sites or Conservation Areas within the area covered by this study and these designations are therefore not considered further in the chapter. 10.1.5 Figure 10.1 (sheets 1 – 22) depict the existing 275kV line route and the proposed routes of construction accesses, together with the locations of the cultural heritage sites and monuments identified by the study within the study corridors. 10.2. Potential Impacts 10.2.1 A description of the project is presented in Chapter 3. Potential impacts on cultural heritage resources may include the following: • ground-disturbing activities required for the excavation of cable trenches for the undergrounding of sections of existing 11kV/33kV lines, that may damage, and possibly obliterate, cultural heritage remains; • ground-disturbing activities required for upgrading access tracks or laying temporary ‘trakway’ tracks, that may damage cultural heritage remains; • above-ground disturbance, such as that caused by vehicle movement and placing of pulling machines, that may produce irreversible impacts upon archaeological remains; • above-ground changes that may cause indirect (e.g. visual) impacts upon the setting of cultural heritage sites. 1 Beauly-Dounreay Chapter 10: Cultural Heritage 275kV Overhead Transmission Line: Second Circuit Environmental Statement 10.2.2 Direct impacts of the types indicated in the first two points are most likely to occur during construction. Indirect impacts relating to the setting of cultural heritage sites and monuments would occur from the outset of construction and continue throughout the operational life of the proposed line. 10.2.3 The Scoping Report (April 2006) stated that as the proposed works involve only slight changes to the existing overhead line, there would be no perceptible change to the setting of cultural heritage features and it was considered that there would be no requirement to address this aspect as part of this Environmental Statement (ES) (see also Chapter 5 Landscape Character, and Chapter 6 Visual Amenity) 10.3. Scoping and Consultation 10.3.1 Wardell Armstrong on behalf of SHETL published a Scoping Report in April 2006, at a time when a greater scope of works was envisaged than is now proposed (see Chapter 2). Following receipt of comments back from the then Scottish Executive and consultees, during the spring/summer of 2006 the ongoing engineering studies of the line resulted in technical solutions being designed such that none of the towers need to be heightened. The potential for environmental impacts during construction and operation is therefore considerably reduced by comparison with the scenario considered in the Scoping Study. 10.3.2 The then Scottish Executive responded to the scoping opinion and recommended that, as regards cultural heritage, there should be an ‘audit of affected sites’. This is taken to imply that a gazetteer of all designated and non-designated sites along the route of the existing overhead transmission line and proposed access routes was required. 10.3.3 Historic Scotland provided a detailed response to the Scoping enquiry (1st June 2006) in which it set out its principles for assessing the impacts of the development on the cultural heritage resource. Historic Scotland noted that one SAM, Achinnearin, souterrain and enclosure South of Suisgill Lodge (SAM 1826), lies directly beneath the existing overhead transmission line and in close proximity to a tower. Historic Scotland requested that the potential direct impacts of both short and long term access to the tower and transmission line be considered, with the possibility of moving the pylon further from the monument considered as mitigation. The tower is excluded from the scheduled area. Historic Scotland noted also that several SAMs, a category B Listed building and 4 Historic gardens and Designed Landscapes lie in ‘close proximity’ to the overhead transmission line and in positions where access may impose direct impacts upon these features: Leathad Carnaich, hut circles, clearance cairns (SAM 1876) The Borg, broch (SAM 1839) Kinbrace Station, settlement and field system (SAM 1874) Kinbrace Farm, cairn, burnt mound, hut circle and field system (1796) Blaimore, hut circles and field system (SAM 1838) East Kinnauld, fort (SAM 1861) Brae Cottage, two hut circles (SAM 1830) 2 Beauly-Dounreay Chapter 10: Cultural Heritage 275kV Overhead Transmission Line: Second Circuit Environmental Statement Easter Baldoon, chambered cairn (SAM 4753) Dun More, fort (SAM 3107) Invercharron House, Gate and Piers Category B Listed (7174) Ardross Castle Historic Garden and Designed Landscape Kildonan Lodge Historic Garden and Designed Landscape Novar House Historic Garden and Designed Landscape Brahan Historic Garden and Designed Landscape 10.3.4 Historic Scotland noted that the Cultural Heritage section of the Scoping Report considered that assessment of effects on setting was considered unnecessary for the project. Historic Scotland agreed that the settings of cultural heritage features along the route of the line are not likely to be significantly altered by this proposal. They however recommended that effects on setting should still be considered, particularly in relation to alterations in the policies of the Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes listed above and the listed buildings within their estates. 10.3.5 The Highland Council (THC) provided a detailed response to the Scoping Enquiry (7th June 2006) in which it set out its recommended approach to assessing the impacts of the development on the cultural heritage resources including: identification of the cultural heritage baseline within the proposal area; assessing the proposed development site in terms of its archaeological and historic environment potential; considering the potential impacts of construction and operation of the proposed development on the cultural heritage resource; and proposing measures (where appropriate) to mitigate any predicted adverse impacts 10.3.6 In response to THC scoping opinion CFA Archaeology provided THC with a Draft Methods Statement, for baseline study and impact assessment, for their approval. The Draft Methods Statement varied from the methodology stated in the Scoping Response in two areas: In relation to the field survey of access routes (section 5.3.15 of Scoping Response), CFA Archaeology proposed a different approach to surveying access routes. Where construction works would use existing tracks, site visits would be made to identified archaeological sites present within 20m of them, in order that requirement for avoidance and protection mitigation could be assessed. CFA Archaeology proposed to use their in-house impact assessment methodology outlined in sections 11-15 of the Draft Methods Statement rather than that described in sections 5.3.19-25 of the Scoping Response. 10.3.7 THC provided a response (2 Oct 2006) approving the Draft Method Statement provided by CFA Archaeology. The response also outlined THC’s recommended approach to the 3 Beauly-Dounreay Chapter 10: Cultural Heritage 275kV Overhead Transmission Line: Second Circuit Environmental Statement EIA and provided a list of sources of information that they recommended should be consulted. 10.4. Statutory and Planning Context 10.4.1 Introduction 10.4.1.1. The following sections provide information on the statutory and planning policy framework designed to protect cultural heritage resources (see also Chapter 12). 10.4.1.2. Historic Scotland’s Scottish Historic Environment Policy 1 – Scotland’s Historic Environment (2007) sets out the Scottish Ministers’ vision and policies for the historic environment. It states that the protection of the historic environment is not about preventing change. Ministers believe that change in this dynamic environment should be managed intelligently and with understanding, to achieve the best outcome for the historic environment and for the people of Scotland. 10.4.1.3. The three key outcomes of this policy are to ensure that: 1. the historic environment is cared for, protected and enhanced for the benefit of our own and future generations; 2. there is increased public appreciation and enjoyment of the historic environment amongst all the people of Scotland and visitors to the country; and,
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