Barley Stripe Rust National Diagnostic Protocol

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Barley Stripe Rust National Diagnostic Protocol Barley Stripe Rust National Diagnostic Protocol Merrin Spackman Department of Primary Industries Primary Industries Research Victoria, Horsham. July 2005 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Plant Health Australia funded the project to develop this manual as part of their National Diagnostic Protocols Initiative. Special acknowledgment is given to Dr Manilal William, CIMMYT Mexico, for diagnostic images and Dr Colin Wellings, University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, for diagnostic images and intellectual input. DISCLAIMER The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts were made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Description 1.2 Spread 1.3 Strains 1.4 Hosts 1.5 Losses 1.6 Control 2.0 National Diagnostic Protocol Procedure 2.1 Purpose and scope of diagnostic protocol 2.2 Responsibility 2.3 Procedure 2.4 Documentation 2.5 Records 3.0 Pest Risk Analysis 3.1 Background 3.2 Species name 3.3 Synonyms 3.4 Common names 3.5 Host Range 3.6 Distribution 3.6.1 Current distribution 3.6.2 Australian status 3.6.3 Potential distribution in Australia 3.7 Plant parts affected 3.7.1 Vegetative 3.7.2 Seedborne 3.8 Disease features 3.9 Biology 3.9.1 Identification 3.9.2 Symptoms 3.9.3 Disease cycle 2 3.9.4 Dispersal 3.10 Assessment of likelihood 3.10.1 Entry potential 3.10.2 Establishment potential 3.10.3 Spread potential 3.11 Overall entry, establishment and spread potential 3.12 Assessment of consequences 3.12.1 Economic impact 3.12.2 Environmental impact 3.12.3 Social impact 3.13 Combination of likelihood and consequences to assess risks 3.14 Surveillance 3.15 Diagnostics 3.16 Training 4.0 Diagnostic protocol 4.1 The diagnostic test/s and diagnostic sequence 4.2 The initial samples 4.2.1 Sample handling and subsampling 4.2.2 Sample storage 4.2.3 Visual symptoms 4.2.4 Documentation 4.3 Further samples 4.3.1 Sample collection, transport and storage 4.3.2 Sample locations 4.4 Confirmation of diagnosis 5.0 Identification of pathogen (primary diagnostic test) 5.1 PCR test 5.1.2 DNA Extraction 5.1.2.1 General items required 5.1.2.2 Method 5.1.3 Detection 5.1.3.1 Items required 5.1.3.2 Primers 3 5.1.3.3 PCR controls 5.1.3.4 PCR reagents 5.1.3.5 PCR program 5.1.3.6 Electrophoresis 5.1.3.7 Results 5.1.3.8 Recipes 5.1.3.9 Ordering information 6.0 Confirmation of diagnosis 6.1 Confirmatory (secondary diagnostic) test 6.1.1 Introduction 6.1.2 General items required 6.1.3 Specific items 6.1.4 Method 7.0 Images 8.0 References and websites 8.1 References 8.2 Websites 9.0 Appendices Appendix 1. Preliminary Information Data Sheet (Plantplan, 2004) Appendix 2. Personnel Hygiene Appendix 3. Machinery Hygiene 4 List of Figures Figure 1. Life Cycle.. Figure 2. Flow diagram of the protocols for the analysis of a suspect plant sample. Figure 3. Flow chart of protocols for the diagnosis of suspect barley stripe rust-infected plants. Figure 4. The potential distribution of barley stripe rust in Australia. Figure 5. Amplification products using SSR primers RJ18. Figure 6. Amplification products using SSR primers RJ24. Figure 7. Pressurised spray gun for distributing spores. Figure 8. Humidity chambers with mister in cool room. Figure 9. The stripes of stripe rust. Figure 10. Dr C. Wellings assessing a field trial of barley stripe rust at CIMMYT. Figure 11. Infection of P.s. hordei on highly susceptible barley. Figure 12. Striping infection type typical of P.s. hordei infection. List of Tables Table 1. Host range of P. striiformis f.sp. hordei. Table 2. World distribution of P. striiformis f.sp. hordei. Table 3. Differences in colour, infection position and pattern between the cereal rust diseases. Table 4. Barley varieties used as differential testers for diagnosis of barley stripe rust. Table 5. Scale of infection for rust symptoms. 5 1.0 Introduction Rust diseases have caused sporadic crop losses in most barley producing regions of the world. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis exists in several biological forms (formae speciales) that vary in host range between and within genera and species of the Gramineae family (Stubbs, 1985). The pathogen already occurs in Australia on other host species, wheat and barley grass, as distinct formae speciales. Wheat stripe rust, P. striiformis f.sp. tritici has a low level of infection on barley and does not cause significant damage to barley crops. Susceptible barley cultivars lose approximately 10% yield due to barley grass stripe rust (Wellings et al., 2000). Isolates of the stripe rust pathogen, which demonstrated adaptation to cultivated barley, were described by European workers in the late nineteenth century (Line, 2002). Barley stripe rust has caused significant problems in winter barley production in Europe, the UK and the Netherlands since the 1960s (Stubbs, 1985), Colombia and South America from 1975 (Dubin & Stubbs, 1986), Mexico from 1990 and the USA from 1991 (Marshall & Sutton, 1995). Since 1991, stripe rust of barley has quickly spread and become established in the south-central and western USA and is now the most important disease of barley in western the United States (Line, 2002; Chen, 2004). When field testing of Australian barley commenced at the International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement (CIMMYT), Mexico, more than 80% of current varieties were very susceptible to barley stripe rust (Wellings & Park, 2003). With offshore testing and the availability of molecular markers to select resistance genes (Cakir et al., 2003) pre-emptive breeding is being initiated to give Australian barley varieties protection from stripe rust incursions. Description P. striiformis is a hemiform rust with uredinial and telial stages being produced during its life cycle. The urediniospores complete multiple asexual cycles throughout the growing season and these cycles cause the principle damage to cereal crops (Figure 1). Spores are binucleate. Infection hyphae have 4 nuclei (Line, 2002). Telia, producing teliospores, form on heavily infected leaves and leaf bases at the end of the season. The urediniospores are yellow to orange in colour, spherical, echinulate and 28-34 m in diameter (Singh et al., 2002). Spores infect leaves and spikelets and develop sporulating pustules in rows of varying lengths giving the appearance of narrow yellow stripes. Striping is not evident on seedling leaves, rather the infection covers the leaves in a random fashion. The fungus may affect leaf sheaths and heads in heavy epidemics (Adams, 1997; Bariana, 2004). The rust is an obligate pathogen and therefore, must reside within a living host for survival (Adams, 1997). Conditions are suitable for rust development between April and December and in most years infections can be observed in crops by September. 6 Figure 1. Life cycle of Puccinia striiformis. 1.1 Spread Urediniospores of barley stripe rust are capable of moving great distances on wind currents. Barley stripe rust in South America migrated from Colombia to Chile over a period of only a few years as a result of wind dispersal (Dubin & Stubbs, 1986). Intercontinental air travel from Europe has been predicted to be the pathway pattern of P.s. hordei on barley in Columbia. 1.3 Strains Using a set of 11 differential barley genotypes, 69 races of barley stripe rust have been identified as occurring in the United States (Chen, 2004). Since 1998 certain races have become predominant but because of non race-specific resistance, selection pressure has been low and the rust population still consists of numerous races (Chen, 2004). In Europe, there has been less race diversity identified with race 24 being predominant (Stubbs, 1985; Dubin & Stubbs, 1986). 1.4 Hosts Spring barley, Hordeum vulgare, is the primary host for the disease. Certain races of the rust will also survive on wild barley species such as H. jubatum (foxtail barley) and H. leporinum (barley grass)(Marshall & Sutton, 1995). 7 1.5 Losses Resistant varieties show no significant yield loss. Yield losses of 30-70% were estimated when barley stripe rust was first identified in South America (Dubin & Stubbs, 1986). In 1995, the highest grain yield loss in susceptible US varieties was 72% (Marshall & Sutton, 1995). Recently, commercially grown susceptible US cultivars showed a 20% yield loss and cultivars with moderate levels of adult plant resistance showed a 12% yield loss. (Chen, 2004). In recent years, US state- wide losses have been lower as highly susceptible cultivars are rarely grown. However, severe barely stripe rust still appears in test plots on susceptible lines and is a continuing threat (Jackson. 2003). 1.6 Control There are several control options available to producers: 1. Seed treatment with fungicides may delay the onset of an epidemic by preventing early build up of the disease on seedlings (Brown et al., 2001).
Recommended publications
  • 2019 Small Grains Report Southcentral and Southeast Idaho Cereals Research & Extension Program
    Research Bulletin 202 January 2020 2019 Small Grains Report Southcentral and Southeast Idaho Cereals Research & Extension Program Juliet Marshall, Belayneh Yimer, Tod Shelman, Linda Jones, Suzette Arcibal, Jon Hogge, Margaret Moll, Chad Jackson and Katherine O’Brien Cover Images: Top: Wheat field in the Squirrel area outside of Ashton, Idaho. Bottom left to right: Idaho Falls Spring Nurseries, Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium graminearum) on wheat and barley, Aphids on wheat, Hessian fly pupae on wheat, 2019 field demonstration day at Aberdeen R & E Center, Idaho, and lodged wheat field near Shelly, Idaho. Photo credit: Juliet Marshal. Southcentral and Southeastern Idaho Cereals Research and Extension Program http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho Published and distributed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Mark McGuire, Director, University of Idaho College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2337. The University of Idaho has a policy of nondiscrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, age, disability or status as a Vietnam-era veteran © 2020 by the University of Idaho ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Idaho wheat and barley producers, through About the Authors cooperative research and extension grants from the Idaho Wheat and Barley Commissions, provided Juliet Marshall is the Cereals Cropping Systems partial funding for these small grain performance Agronomist & Pathologist with the UI SC & SE evaluations. Support was also provided by the Idaho Cereals Extension Program. University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System, Belayneh Yimer is a Postdoc/Research Support the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, and by fees Scientist with the UI SC & SE Idaho Cereals paid by plant breeding companies.
    [Show full text]
  • Stripe Rust Appears in Idaho According to Juliet Marshall with University of Idaho Extension, Stripe Rust Has Found Its Way to Western Idaho (Parma)
    Forward to a friend or colleague Stripe rust appears in Idaho According to Juliet Marshall with University of Idaho Extension, stripe rust has found its way to western Idaho (Parma). Below is an image of stripe rust on UI Magic CL+ (via Oliver Neher). The growth stage of winter wheat in that area is past the window of fungicide application, and is currently in grain fill. Spring wheat is still vulnerable and susceptible varieties should be scouted for the appearance of stripe rust. In the Magic Valley and into eastern Idaho, winter wheat is heading and susceptible varieties are still vulnerable to significant yield loss associated with stripe rust infection. Stripe rust reaction of last year’s varieties in the Extension Variety Trials is reported in the 2019 Small Grains Report available online at https://www.uidaho.edu/extension/cereals/scseidaho. Please note that while some varieties were reported as resistant in 2019, race changes were reported in California by Dr. Mark Lundy (UC Davis pathologist) in this year’s crop; therefore scouting of all varieties is recommended this season. Please report observations to UI Extension in order to help tracking of the in- season spread. The weather forecast for this and especially next week is very conducive to stripe rust spread and infection. According to Xianming Chen, a research plant pathologist with the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Washington State University, wheat stripe rust has been reported in Oregon, Washington, Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, California, Kansas, Kentucky, Virginia, Illinois; and Idaho. Barley stripe rust has been reported in California, Oregon, and Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Wheat Rust Research and Control in China
    Status of wheat rust research and control in China Zhensheng Kang*, Jie Zhao, Dejun Han, Hongchang Zhang, Xiaojie Wang, Chenfang Wang, Qingmei Han, Jun Guo & Lili Huang *College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China e-mail: [email protected] Abstract In China, wheat is grown on approximately 24 million hectares with an annual yield of 100 million tonnes. Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a threat mainly to spring wheat in northeastern China. Leaf rust, caused by P. triticina, occurs on crops in the late growth stages in the Yellow-Huai-Hai River regions. Stripe rust, caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is destructive in all winter wheat regions and is considered the most important disease of wheat in China. During the last 20 years, widespread stripe rust epidemics occurred in 2002, 2003, and 2009, and localized epidemics occurred in many other years. In recent years, major yield losses were prevented by widespread and timely applications of fungicides based on accurate monitoring and prediction of disease epidemics. A total of 68 Pst races or pathotypes have been identified using a set of 19 differential wheat genotypes. At present, races CYR32 and CYR33 virulent to resistance genes Yr9, Yr3b, Yr4b, YrSu and some other resistance genes are predominant. Moreover, these races are virulent on many cultivars grown in recent years. Of 501 recent cultivars and breeding lines 71.9% were susceptible, 7.0% had effective all-stage resistance, mostly Yr26 (= Yr24), and 21.2% had adult-plant resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Barley Diseases and Their Management: an Indian Perspective Om P
    Wheat and Barley Research 10(3):138-150 Review Article Homepage: http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/JWR Barley diseases and their management: An Indian perspective Om P. Gangwar1, Subhash C. Bhardwaj1*, Gyanendra P. Singh2, Pramod Prasad1 and Subodh Kumar1 1ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 2ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India Article history Abstract Received: 09 Oct., 2018 Barley is an important coarse cereal, cultivated in Rabi season, Revised : 29 Nov., 2018 particularly in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Accepted: 22 Dec., 2018 Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. Currently, it covers an area of about 0.66 million hectares under rainfed and irrigated crop. Seventy per cent produce is used for cattle and poultry feed, 25% in industries for manufacturing malt and malt Citation extracts and rest 5% for human consumption. The straw is also used Gangwar OP, SC Bhardwaj, GP for animal feed, bedding and to cover roofs of houses. Barley grains Singh, P Prasad and S Kumar. demand is increasing continuously because of its various uses and high 2018. Barley disease and their management: An Indian perspective. nutritive value. Therefore, a substantial yield gains will be needed Wheat and Barley Research 10(3): over the next several decades. A number of biotic and abiotic factors 138-150. doi.org/10.25174/2249- pose a challenge to increase production of barley. Barley diseases 4065/2018/83844 prominently rusts, net blotch, spot blotch, Septoria speckled leaf blotch, stripe disease, powdery mildew, barley yellow dwarf and molya disease are the major biotic constraints in enhancing the barley grain production.
    [Show full text]
  • [Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Tritici] on Wheat
    314 Review / Synthèse Epidemiology and control of stripe rust [Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ] on wheat X.M. Chen Abstract: Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. This review presents basic and recent information on the epidemiology of stripe rust, changes in pathogen virulence and population structure, and movement of the pathogen in the United States and around the world. The impact and causes of recent epidemics in the United States and other countries are discussed. Research on plant resistance to disease, including types of resistance, genes, and molecular markers, and on the use of fungicides are summarized, and strategies for more effective control of the disease are discussed. Key words: disease control, epidemiology, formae speciales, races, Puccinia striiformis, resistance, stripe rust, wheat, yellow rust. Résumé : Mondialement, la rouille jaune du blé, causée par le Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, est une des plus importantes maladies du blé. La présente synthèse contient des informations générales et récentes sur l’épidémiologie de la rouille jaune, sur les changements dans la virulence de l’agent pathogène et dans la structure de la population et sur les déplacements de l’agent pathogène aux États-Unis et autour de la planète. L’impact et les causes des dernières épidémies qui ont sévi aux États-Unis et ailleurs sont examinés. La synthèse contient un résumé de la recherche sur la résistance des plantes à la maladie, y compris les types de résistance, les gènes et les marqueurs moléculaires, et sur l’emploi des fongicides, et un examen des stratégies pour une lutte plus efficace contre la maladie.
    [Show full text]
  • Prediction of Disease Damage, Determination of Pathogen
    PREDICTION OF DISEASE DAMAGE, DETERMINATION OF PATHOGEN SURVIVAL REGIONS, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL COLLECTIONS OF WHEAT STRIPE RUST By DIPAK SHARMA-POUDYAL A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology MAY 2012 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of DIPAK SHARMA-POUDYAL find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Xianming Chen, Ph.D., Chair Dennis A. Johnson, Ph.D. Kulvinder Gill, Ph.D. Timothy D. Murray, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Xianming Chen for his invaluable guidance, moral support, and encouragement throughout the course of the study. I would like to thank Drs. Dennis A. Johnson, Kulvinder Gill, and Timothy D. Murray for serving in my committee and their valuable suggestions for my project. I also like to thank Dr. Mark Evans, Department of Statistics, for his statistical advice on model development and selection. I am grateful to Dr. Richard A. Rupp, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, for his expert advice on using GIS techniques. I am thankful to many wheat scientists throughout the world for providing stripe rust samples. Thanks are also extended to Drs. Anmin Wan, Kent Evans, and Meinan Wang for their kind help in the stripe rust experiments. Special thanks to Dr. Deven See for allowing me to use the genotyping facilities in his lab. Suggestions on data analyses by Dr. Tobin Peever are highly appreciated. I also like to thank my fellow graduate students, especially Jeremiah Dung, Ebrahiem Babiker, Jinita Sthapit, Lydia Tymon, Renuka Attanayake, and Shyam Kandel for their help in many ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Stripe Rust of Wheat: a Review
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2021) 10(01): 1158-1172 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.140 Epidemiology of Stripe Rust of Wheat: A Review Sheikh Saima Khushboo1*, Vishal Gupta2, Devanshi Pandit3, Sonali Abrol1, Dechan Choskit1, Saima Farooq4 and Rafakat Hussain1 1Division of Plant Pathology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180001, India 2Advanced Centre for Horticulture Research, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Udheywalla 180 018, India. 3Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India 4Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH), Srinagar, 191132, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most dreaded diseases of wheat worldwide.The disease is continually extending K e yw or ds the geographical limits, showing movement towards warmer areas due to the appearance of more aggressive strains having affiliation towards higher Stripe rust of wheat, Epidemiology, temperatures. Yield losses in wheat are usually the result of reduced kernel Puccinia striiformis number and size, low test weight, reduced dry matter, poor root growth and Article Info reduced kernel quality. Losses in the yield of wheat due to the disease primarily depended on the level of susceptibility, environmental conditions Accepted: 12 December 2020 and the stage of infection. Comprehensive understanding and acquaintance Available Online: about the disease is still lacking due to the scarcity information about its 10 January 2021 etiology and epidemiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Barley Stripe Rust DP
    NDP38 V1 - National Diagnostic Protocol for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei National Diagnostic Protocol Puccinia striiformis forma specialis hordei the cause of barley stripe rust NDP 38 V1 NDP38 V1 - National Diagnostic Protocol for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei © Commonwealth of Australia Ownership of intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (referred to as the Commonwealth). Creative Commons licence All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logos and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The full licence terms are available from https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode. This publication (and any material sourced from it) should be attributed as: Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics (2016). National Diagnostic Protocol for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei – NDP38 V1. (Eds. Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics) Authors Spackman, M and Wellings, C; Reviewer Cuddy, W. ISBN 978-0-9945113-4-8. CC BY 3.0. Cataloguing data Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics (date). National Diagnostic
    [Show full text]
  • Genetics of Stripe Rust (Puccinia Struformis Westend.)
    UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA RELEASE FORM NAME OF AUTHOR: Joanna Pinto TITLE OF THESIS: Genetics of stripe rust (Puccinia struformis Westend.) resistance in the soft white spring wheat cultivar, Owens. DEGREE: Master of Science YEAR DEGREE GRANTED: Spring, 1992 Permisssion is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Library to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s prior written permission. (SIGNED) PERMANENT ADDRESS: c/o Cereal Breeding Section, National Plant Breeding Research Centre (NPBRC), P.O. Njoro, KENYA. EAST AFRICA. DATED. J, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI I IBP AS-' p o . Box 30197 NAIROBI UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA Genetics of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) resistance in the soft white spring wheat, Owens. ^ BY Joanna Pinto A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science IN Plant Breeding DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE EDMONTON, ALBERTA Spring, 1992 UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH The undersigned certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research for acceptance, a thesis entitled Genetics of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.) resistance submitted by Joanna Pinto in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Breeding. Supervisor Date iii ABSTRACT Stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Genetic Architecture of Stripe Rust Resistance in the Barley Accession HOR
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/093773; this version posted December 13, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Clare et al. 1 Defining the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in the barley accession HOR 1428 AUTHORS Shaun Clare1,2, William Kitcher1,2, Matthew Gardiner1,2, Phon Green1,2, Amelia Hubbard3, and Matthew J. Moscou1,2 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom 2University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom 3National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom Corresponding Author: Matthew J. Moscou Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of barley stripe rust, is a destructive fungal pathogen that significantly affects barley cultivation. A major constraint in breeding resistant cultivars is the lack of mapping information of resistance (R) genes and their introgression into adapted germplasm. A considerable number of R genes have been described in barley to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, but only a few loci have been mapped. Previously, Chen and Line (1999) reported two recessive seedling resistance loci in the Ethiopian landrace HOR 1428. In this study, we map two loci that confer resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei in HOR 1428, which are located on chromosomes 3H and 5H. Both loci act as additive effect QTLs, each explaining approximately 20% of the phenotypic variation. We backcrossed HOR 1428 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/093773; this version posted December 13, 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Leaf Rust, Stem Rust, and Stripe Rust
    Recovery Plan for Leaf Rust, Stem Rust, and Stripe Rust of Wheat caused by Puccinia triticina, Puccinia graminis, and Puccinia striiformis, respectively August 28, 2006 Contents page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Executive Summary 1 Contributors 2 I. Introduction 2 II. Biology and Spread 3 III. Symptoms 3 IV. Survey and Detection 4 V. Economic Impact and Compensation 5 VI. Mitigation and Disease Management 6 VII. Infrastructure and Experts Listing 8 VIII. Research Priorities 9 References 10 Appendix 12 _________________________________________________________________ This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to insure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high consequence plant disease outbreaks are such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. The disease-specific plans are intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components and identify disease management research needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address all of the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreak, response, and recovery. They are documents that USDA will use to guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery. Executive Summary Three fungal diseases of wheat, leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust, are commonly found on a world wide basis, including the United States. Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widespread disease of wheat in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ancestral NB-LRR with Duplicated 3€²Utrs Confers Stripe Rust
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11872-9 OPEN An ancestral NB-LRR with duplicated 3′UTRs confers stripe rust resistance in wheat and barley Chaozhong Zhang 1,2,9, Lin Huang3,9, Huifei Zhang2, Qunqun Hao2, Bo Lyu2, Meinan Wang4, Lynn Epstein 5, Miao Liu 3, Chunlan Kou3, Juan Qi 1, Fengjuan Chen1, Mengkai Li1, Ge Gao1, Fei Ni 1, Lianquan Zhang 3, Ming Hao3, Jirui Wang3, Xianming Chen 6, Ming-Cheng Luo 7, Youliang Zheng3, Jiajie Wu 1, Dengcai Liu 3,8 & Daolin Fu 2 1234567890():,; Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a global threat to wheat production. Aegilops tauschii, one of the wheat progenitors, carries the YrAS2388 locus for resistance to Pst on chromosome 4DS. We reveal that YrAS2388 encodes a typical nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR). The Pst-resistant allele YrAS2388R has dupli- cated 3’ untranslated regions and is characterized by alternative splicing in the nucleotide- binding domain. Mutation of the YrAS2388R allele disrupts its resistance to Pst in synthetic hexaploid wheat; transgenic plants with YrAS2388R show resistance to eleven Pst races in common wheat and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei in barley. The YrAS2388R allele occurs only in Ae. tauschii and the Ae. tauschii-derived synthetic wheat; it is absent in 100% (n = 461) of common wheat lines tested. The cloning of YrAS2388R will facilitate breeding for stripe rust resistance in wheat and other Triticeae species. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai’an, Shandong, China. 2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
    [Show full text]